CN115653566A - Ultrasonic imaging logging device based on optical fiber acoustic sensing and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Ultrasonic imaging logging device based on optical fiber acoustic sensing and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic imaging logging device based on optical fiber sound wave sensing and a measuring method thereof, wherein an ultrasonic emitter pair with different frequencies and an optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor which are arranged in an underground ultrasonic imaging logging device are used for replacing a piezoelectric crystal type ultrasonic receiving transducer which is widely used at present, and reflected ultrasonic signals around a 360-degree well wall are received, so that the optical fiber ultrasonic imaging logging with different frequencies and different resolutions under the well is realized. The optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor replaces a piezoelectric crystal ultrasonic transducer, an electronic amplifier, an analog-to-digital conversion and data storage device and an underground electronic data transmission module which are matched with the piezoelectric crystal ultrasonic transducer, the problem that an ultrasonic imaging logging device cannot work for a long time in a high-temperature environment is solved, the design of an imaging instrument is simplified, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. In addition, the armored photoelectric composite cable is adopted, so that the bottleneck problem that a large amount of underground high-resolution imaging data are transmitted to a control computer in the logging truck at high speed in real time is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical logging, in particular to an ultrasonic imaging logging device based on optical fiber acoustic wave sensing and a measuring method thereof.
Background
Ultrasonic imaging logging is the study of well profiles using the reflection characteristics of the wall of the well or the inner wall of the casing to the ultrasonic waves. The fracture density, the dip angle azimuth and the fracture-cavity distribution condition of the fracture stratum can be known through the measured acoustic image in the open hole well, and reliable geological basic data are provided for exploration and development of fractured reservoirs. The position of perforation, or the damage condition of the casing caused by construction and production can be known through the acoustic image in the casing, and the data is provided for well repair. The ultrasonic imaging logging gives logging information in the form of acoustic images, and compared with the logging curve information in the past, the ultrasonic imaging logging has the advantages of more information, high resolution, intuition and convenience in analysis and judgment.
The ultrasonic imaging logging consists of four parts, namely, a sound system, signal acquisition, signal transmission and ground processing. The acoustic system portion is formed by a rotatable ultrasonic probe (or transducer) which serves as both a transmitting and receiving probe. The measured reflected wave amplitude and propagation time are displayed as images according to the 360-degree position in the borehole, the lithology and surface characteristics (including cracks, holes and erosion zones) of the borehole wall can be analyzed, and the changes of the inner wall of the casing can be observed.
The ultrasonic transducer emits ultrasonic pulses with frequency of 0.1 MHz-2 MHz 1500-3000 times per second. When logging, it is driven by a motor, and drives the transducer and magnetometer to rotate around the axis of the instrument at a fixed speed (about 3-6 cycles per second), so as to scan and measure the whole borehole wall of the borehole, and when the whole borehole wall rotates to the magnetic north direction, a magnetic north signal is generated, and the azimuth information of the transducer is sent to the ground in the form of electric pulse. When the instrument rotates, ultrasonic pulses emitted by the probe are transmitted to the well wall through mud, a part of ultrasonic energy is reflected back to the transducer and received, and after signal processing, amplitude images and travel time images of well wall echoes are obtained.
The existing underground ultrasonic imaging logging instrument uses a piezoelectric crystal type ultrasonic transducer to receive ultrasonic signals reflected by a well wall. The piezoelectric crystal ultrasonic transducer, and the matched electronic amplifier, analog-to-digital conversion and data storage device, underground electronic data transmission module and the like thereof cannot work for a long time in a high-temperature environment (deep well). In addition, because the underground ultrasonic imaging logging instrument is an electronic instrument at present, the underground data transmission module of the underground ultrasonic imaging logging instrument cannot solve the bottleneck problem that a large amount of underground high-resolution imaging data can be transmitted to a control computer in a logging truck at a wellhead at high speed in real time. Due to the bottleneck problem of underground data transmission, a plurality of ultrasonic transducers with different frequencies cannot be arranged in the underground ultrasonic imaging logging instrument, and the ultrasonic imaging logging data with different resolutions can be acquired simultaneously by one-time underground measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrasonic imaging logging device based on optical fiber sound wave sensing, which mainly uses ultrasonic receiving sensors between an ultrasonic emitter pair and an ultrasonic emitter pair with different frequencies, which are arranged in the underground ultrasonic imaging logging device, to replace a piezoelectric crystal type ultrasonic receiving transducer which is widely used at present, and receives reflected ultrasonic signals around a 360-degree well wall, thereby realizing the aim of underground optical fiber ultrasonic imaging logging.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the ultrasonic imaging logging device based on optical fiber acoustic sensing comprises a borehole, an ultrasonic imaging logging device, a high-temperature-resistant photoelectric composite logging cable, a ground wellhead logging truck and a ground distributed optical fiber ultrasonic sensing modulation and demodulation instrument;
the ultrasonic imaging logging device comprises three high-temperature-resistant optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensors serving as an in-well ultrasonic signal receiving unit; three pairs of ultrasonic transmitters of different frequencies; an optical fiber gyroscope; the ultrasonic transmitter is in electronic short circuit; an electric motor for driving the three pairs of ultrasonic transmitters to rotate at a constant speed;
the ground wellhead logging truck is connected with the in-well ultrasonic imaging logging device through an armored photoelectric composite cable;
the three ultrasonic transmitter pairs are respectively a low-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair, a medium-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair and a high-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair.
The ground wellhead logging truck controls the well descending and well ascending of the ultrasonic imaging logging device in the well through the photoelectric composite cable and provides power for the ultrasonic imaging logging device in the well, and the ultrasonic transmitter electronic short circuit drives the low-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair, the medium-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair and the high-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair to continuously and repeatedly transmit ultrasonic signals with different frequencies during operation;
the ground distributed optical fiber ultrasonic sensing modulation and demodulation instrument arranged at a wellhead is connected with an underground ultrasonic imaging logging device through an armored photoelectric composite cable, transmits laser pulses into the three optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensors and synchronously collects backscattered Rayleigh waves in the optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensors.
Furthermore, the ground distributed optical fiber ultrasonic sensing modulation and demodulation instrument is provided with three distributed optical fiber ultrasonic sensor signal input ports and one optical fiber gyroscope signal input port.
Furthermore, the frequency of the low-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair is 100 kHz-250 kHz, the frequency of the medium-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair is 250 kHz-500 kHz, and the frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair (16) is 500 kHz-1 MHz.
Furthermore, the optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor is a spiral high-temperature-resistant high-reflection-coefficient single-mode optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor wound on the cylindrical elastic body, the frequency of the low-frequency optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor is 100 kHz-250 kHz, the frequency of the medium-frequency optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor is 250 kHz-500 kHz, the frequency of the high-frequency optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor is 500 kHz-1 MHz, and each optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor is arranged between two ultrasonic transmitters and does not rotate together with the ultrasonic transmitters.
Further, the optical fiber gyroscope is installed at the top end of the ultrasonic imaging logging device in the well, and the azimuth, the inclination angle and the inclination of the ultrasonic imaging logging device are measured in real time through the photoelectric composite cable.
Furthermore, the ultrasonic transmitter electronic short circuit is placed behind the optical fiber gyroscope and used for driving a low-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair, a medium-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair and a high-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair in the ultrasonic imaging logging device to transmit ultrasonic waves with different frequencies.
Furthermore, the electric motor is arranged behind the electronic short circuit of the ultrasonic transmitter and used for driving the low-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair, the medium-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair and the high-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair in the ultrasonic imaging logging device to synchronously rotate at a constant speed, and the rotating speed of the electric motor is three to six circles per minute.
Further, the low-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair, the medium-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair and the high-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair continuously transmit low-frequency, medium-frequency and high-frequency ultrasonic signals to the borehole wall of the borehole in constant-speed rotation at the same time.
Furthermore, the low-frequency optical fiber ultrasonic wave receiving sensor, the medium-frequency optical fiber ultrasonic wave receiving sensor and the high-frequency optical fiber ultrasonic wave receiving sensor respectively continuously, simultaneously and synchronously acquire low-frequency ultrasonic wave signals, medium-frequency ultrasonic wave signals and high-frequency ultrasonic wave signals which are reflected by the low-frequency ultrasonic wave transmitter pair, the medium-frequency ultrasonic wave transmitter pair and the high-frequency ultrasonic wave transmitter pair after being transmitted to the borehole wall.
The measurement method of the ultrasonic imaging logging device based on the optical fiber acoustic wave sensing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: connecting an armored Gao Wenguang-resistant electric composite cable on a winch of a ground wellhead logging truck with an in-well ultrasonic imaging logging device;
s2: the in-well ultrasonic imaging logging device is lowered to the bottom of a well by using an armored Gao Wenguang resistant electric composite cable on a winch of a ground wellhead logging truck;
s3: an armored Gao Wenguang-resistant electric composite cable on a winch of a ground wellhead logging truck is used for slowly lifting an underground ultrasonic imaging logging device upwards and sending an instruction to an electronic short circuit of an ultrasonic transmitter in the underground ultrasonic imaging logging device, an electric motor connected with the ultrasonic transmitter is driven to rotate at a constant speed, and three ultrasonic transmitters with different frequencies are synchronously driven to continuously transmit ultrasonic signals to a well wall in the constant-speed rotation;
s4: meanwhile, the optical fiber gyroscope is started to measure and record the position, the inclination angle and the inclination of the underground ultrasonic imaging logging device which is lifted upwards along the well track in real time, and the optical fiber gyroscope is used for correcting the rotation of the instrument and projecting reflected ultrasonic data recorded by the instrument in subsequent data processing and can overcome the defect that the underground magnetometer cannot normally work in the metal casing well;
s5: simultaneously starting a ground distributed optical fiber ultrasonic sensing modulation and demodulation instrument, continuously transmitting high-power multi-frequency narrow pulse laser signals to optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensors with different frequencies in the underground optical fiber ultrasonic imaging logging device through a photoelectric composite cable, and simultaneously and continuously receiving ultrasonic backward Rayleigh scattering light signals reflected to the respective optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensors from the well wall in the 360-degree position in the well;
s6: the ground distributed optical fiber ultrasonic sensing modulation and demodulation instrument performs modulation and demodulation processing on backward Rayleigh scattering optical signals on each optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor, and demodulates optical fiber strain or strain rate data measured by each optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor into well wall reflection ultrasonic data (reflection ultrasonic amplitude and reflection ultrasonic propagation time) according to 360-degree azimuth in a well;
s7: converting the amplitude of the reflected ultrasonic waves into reflected wave impedance data around the well wall, displaying the reflected wave impedance data difference of the well wall by using a color plan diagram and displaying the measured reflected wave impedance data in an image according to the 360-degree position in the well, wherein the well wall with small wave impedance is displayed in a dark color, and the well wall with large wave impedance is displayed in a highlight color;
s8: performing borehole radius imaging on the propagation time of the reflected ultrasonic waves, displaying borehole radius differences by using a color plan according to a 360-degree position in a borehole in an image display mode, wherein the borehole radius (the radius is large) with long time is displayed as dark color, and the borehole radius (the radius is small) with short time is displayed as highlight color;
s9: comprehensively interpreting well wall ultrasonic imaging data (wave impedance and propagation time), identifying geological structures such as cracks, unconformities, faults and the like on a 360-degree well wall, determining crack occurrence and development directions and determining a maximum horizontal main stress direction;
s10: deposition characterization: lamellar, staggered, erosion, nodule, sedimentary rhythm;
s11: dividing a sand shale thin interbed and the effective thickness;
s12: determining a borehole geometry;
s13: checking the deformation of the sleeve and determining the deformation position of the sleeve;
s14: inspecting the perforation well section and determining the position of a perforation hole;
s15: checking the shape of the sleeve after the sleeve is shaped by explosion;
s16: the location of casing damage or casing fracture is determined.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an ultrasonic imaging logging device based on optical fiber sound wave sensing, which uses ultrasonic transmitter pairs with different frequencies and optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensors arranged in the underground ultrasonic imaging logging device to replace a piezoelectric crystal type ultrasonic receiving transducer which is widely used at present to receive reflected ultrasonic signals around a 360-degree well wall, thereby realizing simultaneous acquisition of optical fiber ultrasonic imaging logging data with different frequencies and different resolutions when the well is put down once. The optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor replaces a piezoelectric crystal ultrasonic transducer, an electronic amplifier, an analog-to-digital conversion and data storage device and an underground electronic data transmission module which are matched with the piezoelectric crystal ultrasonic transducer, the problem that an ultrasonic imaging logging device cannot work for a long time in a high-temperature environment is solved, the design of an imaging instrument is simplified, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. In addition, the armored optical cable is connected with the underground ultrasonic imaging logging device, so that the bottleneck problem that a large amount of underground high-resolution imaging data are transmitted to a control computer in a logging truck at a wellhead in real time at high speed is solved at one stroke.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the downhole operation of an in-well ultrasonic imaging logging device of the present invention based on fiber optic ultrasonic sensors.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical fiber ultrasonic sensor-based borehole ultrasonic imaging logging device.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic transmitter configuration within an in-well ultrasonic imaging logging device of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-open hole drilling, 2-ultrasonic imaging logging device, 3-photoelectric composite logging cable, 4-ground wellhead logging truck, 5-ground distributed optical fiber ultrasonic sensing modem instrument, 6-optical fiber gyroscope, 7-ultrasonic transmitter electronic short circuit, 8-electric motor, 9-low frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair, 12-intermediate frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair, 15-high frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair, 10-low frequency ultrasonic transmitter, 13-intermediate frequency ultrasonic transmitter, 16-high frequency ultrasonic transmitter, 11-low frequency ultrasonic receiving sensor, 14-intermediate frequency ultrasonic receiving sensor and 17-high frequency ultrasonic receiving sensor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise.
Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description.
In addition, descriptions of well-known structures, functions, and configurations may be omitted for clarity and conciseness. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the examples described herein can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
Examples
The invention is explained in detail below with reference to the figures and with reference to embodiments:
as shown in fig. 1, the in-well ultrasonic imaging logging device based on the optical fiber ultrasonic sensor comprises a bore hole 1, an ultrasonic imaging logging device 2 based on optical fiber acoustic sensing, a high temperature resistant photoelectric composite logging cable 3, a ground wellhead logging truck 4 and a ground distributed optical fiber ultrasonic sensing modulation and demodulation instrument 5;
as shown in fig. two, the ultrasonic imaging logging device 2 based on fiber acoustic sensing comprises three high-temperature-resistant fiber ultrasonic receiving sensors as an in-well ultrasonic signal receiving unit; three ultrasonic transmitter pairs of different frequencies: a low-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair 9, a medium-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair 12 and a high-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair 15; an optical fiber gyro 6; the ultrasonic emitters are electrically connected in a short circuit 7, and the electric motors 8 are used for driving the two respective ultrasonic emitters to rotate at a constant speed. The ground wellhead logging truck 4 is connected with the ultrasonic imaging logging device 2 based on optical fiber acoustic sensing in the well through an armored photoelectric composite cable 3;
wherein the low frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair 9 comprises two low frequency ultrasonic transmitters 10; the mid-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair 12 includes two mid-frequency ultrasonic transmitters 13, and the high-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair 15 includes two high-frequency ultrasonic transmitters 16.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the three pairs of ultrasonic transmitters respectively include: two low frequency ultrasonic transmitters 10, two medium frequency ultrasonic transmitters 13, and two high frequency ultrasonic transmitters 16. A fiber-optic ultrasonic receiving sensor is arranged between the ultrasonic transmitters of each pair. The ultrasonic transmitters of each pair continuously transmit low-frequency, medium-frequency and high-frequency ultrasonic signals at the same position corresponding to each pair of ultrasonic transmitters on the well wall, the ultrasonic signals which are simultaneously transmitted by each pair of ultrasonic transmitters and reflected by the corresponding well wall are just projected onto the optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor between each pair of ultrasonic transmitters, so that the intensity of the reflected ultrasonic signals is enhanced (double-source superposition effect), the reflected ultrasonic signals contain the double-azimuth irradiation characteristics of the ultrasonic signals transmitted in two directions, and the accurate ultrasonic imaging of the well wall is realized.
The ground wellhead logging truck 4 controls the well descending and well ascending of the ultrasonic imaging logging device 2 based on optical fiber acoustic sensing in the well through the photoelectric composite cable 3, and provides power for the ultrasonic imaging logging device 2 based on optical fiber acoustic sensing in the well, and the ultrasonic transmitter electronic short circuit 7 drives the two low-frequency ultrasonic transmitters 10, the two medium-frequency ultrasonic transmitters 13 and the two high-frequency ultrasonic transmitters 16 to continuously and repeatedly transmit ultrasonic signals with different frequencies during operation;
the ground distributed optical fiber ultrasonic sensor modulation and demodulation instrument 5 arranged at a wellhead is connected with the underground ultrasonic imaging logging device 2 through the armored photoelectric composite cable 3, emits laser pulses into the three optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensors 10, 13 and 16, and synchronously collects backscattered Rayleigh waves in the distributed optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensors 11, 14 and 17.
The ground distributed optical fiber ultrasonic sensing modulation and demodulation instrument 5 is provided with three distributed optical fiber ultrasonic sensor signal input ports and one optical fiber gyroscope 6 signal input port.
The frequency of the low-frequency ultrasonic transmitter 10 is 100 kHz-250 kHz, the frequency of the medium-frequency ultrasonic transmitter 13 is 250 kHz-500 kHz, and the frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic transmitter 16 is 500 kHz-1 MHz.
Distributed optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor is the high reflectance factor single mode fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor of high temperature resistant of spiral on cylindric elastomer, wherein includes: the frequency of the low-frequency fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor 11 is 100 kHz-250 kHz, the frequency of the medium-frequency fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor 14 is 250 kHz-500 kHz, the frequency of the high-frequency fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor 17 is 500 kHz-1 MHz, and each fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor is arranged between two ultrasonic transmitters and does not rotate along with the ultrasonic transmitter pair.
The optical fiber gyroscope 6 is arranged at the top end of the ultrasonic imaging logging device 2 in the well, and measures the azimuth, the inclination angle and the inclination of the ultrasonic imaging logging device 2 in real time through the photoelectric composite cable 3.
The ultrasonic transmitter electronic short circuit 7 is placed behind the optical fiber gyroscope 6 and used for driving the low-frequency ultrasonic transmitter 10, the medium-frequency ultrasonic transmitter 13 and the high-frequency ultrasonic transmitter 16 in the ultrasonic imaging logging device 2 to transmit ultrasonic waves with different frequencies.
The electric motor 8 is arranged behind the ultrasonic transmitter electronic short circuit 7 and used for driving the low-frequency ultrasonic transmitter 10, the medium-frequency ultrasonic transmitter 13 and the high-frequency ultrasonic transmitter 16 in the ultrasonic imaging logging device 2 to synchronously rotate at a constant speed, and the rotating speed of the electric motor is three to six circles per minute.
The low-frequency ultrasonic transmitter 10, the medium-frequency ultrasonic transmitter 13 and the high-frequency ultrasonic transmitter 16 continuously transmit low-frequency, medium-frequency and high-frequency ultrasonic signals to the well wall of the borehole 1 in constant-speed rotation.
The low-frequency optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor 11, the medium-frequency optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor 14 and the high-frequency optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor 17 respectively continuously and synchronously acquire low-frequency, medium-frequency and high-frequency ultrasonic signals reflected back after being transmitted to the wall of the borehole 1 by the two low-frequency ultrasonic transmitters 10, the two medium-frequency ultrasonic transmitters 13 and the two high-frequency ultrasonic transmitters 16.
The measuring method of the ultrasonic imaging logging device 2 based on the optical fiber acoustic sensing comprises the following steps:
s1: connecting an armored Gao Wenguang resistant electric composite cable 3 on a winch of a ground wellhead logging truck 4 with an optical fiber ultrasonic imaging logging device 2 in a well;
s2: the in-well ultrasonic imaging logging device 2 is lowered to the bottom of a well by using an armored Gao Wenguang resistant electric composite cable 3 on a winch of a ground wellhead logging truck 4;
s3: the underground optical fiber ultrasonic imaging logging device 2 is lifted upwards at a low speed through an armored Gao Wenguang resistant electric composite cable 3 on a winch of a ground wellhead logging truck 4, an instruction is sent to an ultrasonic transmitter circuit short circuit 7 in the underground optical fiber ultrasonic imaging logging device 2, an electric motor 8 connected with an ultrasonic transmitter is driven to rotate at a constant speed, and simultaneously, three ultrasonic transmitters with different frequencies are synchronously driven and excited to continuously transmit ultrasonic signals to a well wall in the constant-speed rotation;
s4: and meanwhile, the optical fiber gyroscope 10 is started, and the azimuth, the inclination angle and the inclination of the underground ultrasonic imaging logging device 2 lifted upwards along the well track are measured and recorded in real time, so that the underground ultrasonic imaging logging device is used for correcting the rotation of the instrument and projecting reflected ultrasonic data recorded by the instrument in subsequent data processing. The optical fiber gyroscope can overcome the defect that the underground magnetometer cannot normally work in the metal casing well;
s5: simultaneously starting a ground distributed optical fiber ultrasonic sensing modulation and demodulation instrument 5, continuously transmitting high-power multi-frequency narrow pulse laser signals to optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensors 11, 14 and 17 with different frequencies in an underground optical fiber ultrasonic imaging logging device 2 through a photoelectric composite cable 3, and simultaneously and continuously receiving ultrasonic backward Rayleigh scattering light signals reflected back to the receiving sensors from a well wall in a 360-degree position in a well;
s6: the ground distributed optical fiber ultrasonic sensing modulation and demodulation instrument 5 is used for modulating and demodulating the backward Rayleigh scattering optical signals on each optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor, and demodulating the optical fiber strain or strain rate data measured on each optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor into well wall reflection ultrasonic data (reflection ultrasonic amplitude and reflection ultrasonic propagation time) according to the 360-degree position in the well;
s7: converting the amplitude of the reflected ultrasonic waves into reflected wave impedance data around the well wall, displaying the measured reflected wave impedance by an image according to the 360-degree position in the well by using a color plan to show the wave impedance numerical difference of the well wall, wherein the well wall with small wave impedance is displayed in a dark color, and the well wall with large wave impedance is displayed in a highlight color;
s8: performing borehole radius imaging on the propagation time of the reflected ultrasonic waves, displaying borehole radius differences by using a color plan according to a 360-degree position in a borehole in an image display mode, wherein the borehole radius (the radius is large) with long time is displayed as dark color, and the borehole radius (the radius is small) with short time is displayed as highlight color;
s9: comprehensively interpreting well wall ultrasonic imaging data (reflected wave impedance and propagation time), identifying geological structures such as cracks, unconformities, faults and the like on a 360-degree well wall, determining the occurrence and development directions of the cracks, and determining the direction of the maximum horizontal main stress;
s10: deposition characterization: lamellar, staggered, erosion, nodule, sedimentary rhythm;
s11: dividing a sand shale thin interbed and the effective thickness;
s12: determining a borehole geometry;
s13: inspecting the deformation of the sleeve and determining the deformation position of the sleeve;
s14: inspecting the perforation well section and determining the position of a perforation hole;
s15: checking the shape of the sleeve after the sleeve is shaped by explosion;
s16: the location of casing damage or casing fracture is determined.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made to the above embodiment within the spirit and principle of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The ultrasonic imaging logging device based on optical fiber acoustic sensing is characterized by comprising a borehole, an ultrasonic imaging logging device, a high-temperature-resistant photoelectric composite logging cable, a ground wellhead logging truck and a ground distributed optical fiber ultrasonic sensing modulation and demodulation instrument, wherein the borehole is drilled by naked eyes;
the ultrasonic imaging logging device comprises three high-temperature-resistant optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensors serving as an in-well ultrasonic signal receiving unit; three pairs of ultrasonic transmitters of different frequencies; an optical fiber gyroscope; the ultrasonic transmitter is in electronic short circuit; an electric motor for driving the three pairs of ultrasonic transmitters to rotate at a constant speed;
the ground wellhead logging truck is connected with the in-well ultrasonic imaging logging device through an armored photoelectric composite cable;
the three pairs of sound wave emitter pairs are respectively a low-frequency ultrasonic emitter pair, a medium-frequency ultrasonic emitter pair and a high-frequency ultrasonic emitter pair;
the ground wellhead logging truck controls the well descending and well ascending of the ultrasonic imaging logging device in the well through the photoelectric composite cable and provides power for the ultrasonic imaging logging device in the well, and the ultrasonic transmitter electronic short circuit drives the low-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair, the medium-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair and the high-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair to continuously and repeatedly transmit ultrasonic signals with different frequencies during operation;
the ground distributed optical fiber ultrasonic sensing modulation and demodulation instrument arranged at a wellhead is connected with an underground ultrasonic imaging logging device through an armored photoelectric composite cable, emits laser pulses into the three optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensors and synchronously acquires backscattered Rayleigh waves in the optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensors.
2. The fiber optic acoustic wave sensing-based ultrasonic imaging logging device according to claim 1, wherein the surface distributed fiber optic ultrasonic sensing modem has three distributed fiber optic ultrasonic sensor signal input ports and one fiber optic gyroscope signal input port.
3. The fiber optic acoustic sensing-based ultrasonic imaging logging device according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of the low frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair is 100kHz to 250kHz, the frequency of the medium frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair is 250kHz to 500kHz, and the frequency of the high frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair is 500kHz to 1MHz.
4. The fiber optic acoustic sensing-based ultrasonic imaging logging device according to claim 1, wherein the fiber optic ultrasonic receiving sensor is a spiral high temperature resistant high reflection coefficient single mode fiber optic ultrasonic receiving sensor wound on a cylindrical elastic body, the frequency of the low frequency fiber optic ultrasonic receiving sensor is 100kHz to 250kHz, the frequency of the medium frequency fiber optic ultrasonic receiving sensor is 250kHz to 500kHz, the frequency of the high frequency fiber optic ultrasonic receiving sensor is 500kHz to 1MHz, and each fiber optic ultrasonic receiving sensor is arranged between two ultrasonic transmitters and does not rotate along with the ultrasonic transmitter pair.
5. The fiber optic acoustic sensing based ultrasonic imaging logging device of claim 1, wherein the fiber optic gyroscope is mounted at the top end of the ultrasonic imaging logging device in a well and measures the azimuth, inclination and inclination of the ultrasonic imaging logging device in real time through the photoelectric composite cable.
6. The fiber optic acoustic sensing-based ultrasonic imaging logging device of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transmitter electrical short is placed behind the fiber optic gyroscope for driving a pair of low frequency ultrasonic transmitters, a pair of medium frequency ultrasonic transmitters, and a pair of high frequency ultrasonic transmitters in the ultrasonic imaging logging device to transmit ultrasonic waves of different frequencies.
7. The optical fiber acoustic sensing-based ultrasonic imaging logging device according to claim 1, wherein the electric motor is installed behind the electronic short circuit of the ultrasonic transmitter, and is used for driving the low-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair, the medium-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair and the high-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair in the ultrasonic imaging logging device to synchronously rotate at a constant speed, and the rotating speed is three to six circles per minute.
8. The fiber optic acoustic sensing-based ultrasonic imaging logging device according to claim 1, wherein the low frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair, the medium frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair and the high frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair continuously transmit low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency ultrasonic signals simultaneously in a constant rotation to a borehole wall.
9. The fiber acoustic sensing-based ultrasonic imaging logging device according to claim 1, wherein the low-frequency fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor, the intermediate-frequency fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor and the high-frequency fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor respectively continuously and simultaneously acquire low-frequency ultrasonic signals, intermediate-frequency ultrasonic signals and high-frequency ultrasonic signals reflected back after being transmitted to a borehole wall by the low-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair, the intermediate-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair and the high-frequency ultrasonic transmitter pair.
10. The measurement method of the ultrasonic imaging based on the optical fiber acoustic wave sensing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: connecting an armored Gao Wenguang-resistant electric composite cable on a winch of a ground wellhead logging truck with an in-well ultrasonic imaging logging device;
s2: lowering the ultrasonic imaging logging device in the well to the bottom of the well by using an armored Gao Wenguang resistant electric composite cable on a winch of a ground wellhead logging truck;
s3: an armored Gao Wenguang-resistant electric composite cable on a winch of a ground wellhead logging truck is used for slowly lifting an underground ultrasonic imaging logging device upwards and sending an instruction to an electronic short circuit of an ultrasonic transmitter in the underground ultrasonic imaging logging device, an electric motor connected with the ultrasonic transmitter is driven to rotate at a constant speed, and three ultrasonic transmitters with different frequencies are synchronously driven to continuously transmit ultrasonic signals to a well wall in the constant-speed rotation;
s4: starting the optical fiber gyroscope at the same time, measuring and recording the azimuth, inclination angle and inclination of the underground ultrasonic imaging logging device which is lifted upwards along the well track in real time, and performing correction and projection processing of the rotation of the instrument on the reflected ultrasonic data recorded by the instrument in subsequent data processing;
s5: simultaneously starting a ground distributed optical fiber ultrasonic sensing modulation and demodulation instrument, continuously transmitting high-power multi-frequency narrow pulse laser signals to optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensors with different frequencies in the underground ultrasonic imaging logging device through a photoelectric composite cable, and simultaneously and continuously receiving ultrasonic backward Rayleigh scattering light signals reflected to the respective optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensors from the well wall in the 360-degree position in the well;
s6: the ground distributed optical fiber ultrasonic sensing modulation and demodulation instrument performs modulation and demodulation processing on backward Rayleigh scattering optical signals on each optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor, demodulates optical fiber strain or strain rate data measured by each optical fiber ultrasonic receiving sensor into well wall reflection ultrasonic data according to 360-degree azimuth in a well, and comprises the following components: reflected ultrasonic amplitude and reflected ultrasonic propagation time;
s7: converting the amplitude of the reflected ultrasonic waves into reflected wave impedance data around the well wall, displaying the reflected wave impedance data difference of the well wall by using a color plan diagram and displaying the measured reflected wave impedance data in an image according to the 360-degree position in the well, wherein the well wall with small wave impedance is displayed in a dark color, and the well wall with large wave impedance is displayed in a highlight color;
s8: performing borehole radius imaging on the propagation time of the reflected ultrasonic waves, and displaying the difference of the borehole radius by using a color plan according to the 360-degree azimuth in the borehole in an image display manner, wherein the borehole radius with long time is large and is displayed as dark color, and the borehole radius with short time is small and is displayed as highlight color;
s9: comprehensively interpreting well wall ultrasonic imaging data including reflected wave impedance data and reflected ultrasonic propagation time, identifying geological structures on the well wall at 360 degrees, determining fracture occurrence and development direction, and determining the direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress;
s10: deposition characterization: lamellar, staggered, erosion, nodule, sedimentary rhythm;
s11: dividing a sand shale thin interbed and the effective thickness;
s12: determining a borehole geometry;
s13: checking the deformation of the sleeve and determining the deformation position of the sleeve;
s14: inspecting the perforation well section and determining the position of a perforation hole;
s15: checking the shape of the sleeve after explosion shaping;
s16: the location of casing damage or casing fracture is determined.
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