CN1156532A - RF driven sulfur lamp - Google Patents
RF driven sulfur lamp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1156532A CN1156532A CN 95193022 CN95193022A CN1156532A CN 1156532 A CN1156532 A CN 1156532A CN 95193022 CN95193022 CN 95193022 CN 95193022 A CN95193022 A CN 95193022A CN 1156532 A CN1156532 A CN 1156532A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- shell
- electrode
- discharge lamp
- inner space
- described shell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002964 excitative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002784 hot electron Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 sulphur compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010013142 Disinhibition Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001620634 Roger Species 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011981 development test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001803 electron scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940065287 selenium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003343 selenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004646 sulfenyl group Chemical group S(*)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
A high intensity discharge lamp (10) without mercury is disclosed radiating a selected spectrum of which can be almost entirely in the visible range from an envelope that contains a sulfur containing substance. The lamp utilizes a signal source (20) that generates an excitation signal that is externally coupled to the exterior surface of the envelope (10) to excite the enclosed sulfur containing substance. Various embodiments of the lamp (10) use electrodes (14, 14') adjacent the envelope (10) to couple the excitation signal (20) thereto with the face of the electrodes (14, 14') shaped to complement the shape of the exterior surface of the envelope (10). Two shapes discussed are spherical (10') and cylindrical (10''). To minimize filamentary discharges each envelope (10) may include an elongated stem (12) affixed to the exterior thereof whereby a rotational subsystem spins the envelope (10). In yet another embodiment the envelope (10'') has a Dewar configuration with two electrodes (32, 34), one positioned near the external curved side surface of the body, and a second to the inner surface of the hole through the envelope. Further, the envelope may contain a backfill of a selected inert gas to assist in the excitation of the lamp with that backfill at a pressure of less than 1 atmosphere.
Description
The right of government
According between USDOE and Univ California, carry out for Lawrence Berkeley is breadboard, the No.DE-AC03-76SF00098 contract, U.S. government has the right to this invention.
Technical field
The present invention relates to high strength, high efficiency illuminator more specifically, relates to the lamp of non-mercury filling.
Background of invention
At present, provide such as the gaseous discharge lamp of fluorescent lamp, high-pressure sodium lamp and halide lamp and had the good colour representation, the illuminator of energy efficient.According to power level and other property, the energy efficiency that these lamps obtain in 60 lumens/watt (IPW) between the scope of 110 lumens/watt.These lamps are more much effective than ordinary incandescent lamp, and ordinary incandescent lamp preferably can obtain 35IPW when adding infrared coating, but comparatively generally in the 15IPW scope.At present, the above-mentioned gas discharge lamp adopts the mercury of element as the efficient critical material that light takes place usually, and mercury is a kind of noxious substance.
On May 14th, 1992, PCT publication number WO92/08240 and on October 28th, 1993 of " high power lamp " by name, the PCT publication number WO93/21655 (these two parts of materials all have been contained in this with for referencial use) of " lamp with controllable characteristics " by name discloses, disclose a kind of novel mercury-free lamp therein, it has excellent color and luster representation performance.This described lamp can (in a kilowatt scope) produce visible light efficiently under high power, and application sulphur or the selenium optimum to environment, the material that comprises the compound that contains elementary sulfur, elemental selenium or these elements as optical transmitting set, is applied in the magnetron power supply of operation under the microwave frequency (≈ 2.25GHz).Light produces material (sulphur) and inert gas (argon) is included within rotating, the little suprasil globular bulb together.The reason of the potential of efficient and good colour representation is that institute's radiation emitted is continuous substantially, and the overwhelming majority is limited to the broadband spectral of visible wavelength range.
Adopt the sulphur lamp of greater efficiency, comprise those low power run lamps, will have superiority as general illumination application.In order to reach this point, the some main and significant technical problem that occurs in the existing technology must solve.In these problems the most meaningfully:
1, the sulphur lamp is under low-power, more than promptly 20w/cc reaches, with the operation of rf frequency;
2, (＜operation under 1GHz) wherein indicates its possibility (≈ 90%) very efficiently to the understanding of low power electronics power supply to the sulphur lamp now at rf frequency; And
3, the development of coupled system so that radio-frequency power can be imported the sulphur lamp effectively, makes luminance efficiency obtain 150 lumens/watt at least.
The present invention proposes so a kind of lamp system.
Summary of the invention
A kind of discharge lamp that the present invention proposes, almost all at visible-range, this shell accommodates the light underfill material of the spectral energy emission composition of sulphur-containing substance from the spectral power distribution of shell radiation for it, and this shell partly is transparent to the visible light of emittance.Lamp system also comprises signal source, and it produces pumping signal, and this pumping signal is launched the composition radiation in the outer surface coupling of the outside and shell with the exiting spectrum energy.
In various embodiment of the present invention, adopt two adjacent housings at least, and the electrode of being separated by the air gap is coupled to shell with pumping signal.
In one of these embodiment, the outer surface of shell has the shape of preliminary election, and the surface configuration that each electrode has is with the shape complementarity of outer surface of outer cover.In this embodiment, the surface of electrode with an outer surface of outer cover preselected distance and placing separately so that make excitation energy reach the highest to the coupling efficiency of enclosure.
It is spherical having a kind of in these shell shapes, and the surface of electrode is the part ball with the spherical corresponding to protrusion of outer surface of outer cover.
Another kind in these shell shapes is columniform, and the surface of electrode is the part cylinder with the protrusion of the cylindrical shape complementation of outer surface of outer cover.
For run duration at embodiment with above-mentioned electrode shape, make the contingent thread discharge of portion in the enclosure (undesirable, and eliminate stable needle-like a fluid stream) the composition minimum, each shell comprises an elongated bar that is attached to its outside, and discharge lamp also comprises a gyrator system that is connected with the elongate rod of shell so that shell is rotated around this bar.
In the spherical housing situation, elongate rod with herein fixedly be the cue ball oblique crank Z line that makes the elongated axis alignment housings of bar.To cylinder blanket, elongate rod with herein fixedly be the cylinder central axial line that makes the elongation axis alignment shell of bar.
In another embodiment of the present invention, shell has Dewar bottle (Dewar) shape.In the Dewar bottle shape, shell comprises main part and elongated hollow bar.Main part has the band top surface, the cylindrical outer side of lower surface and curved lateral surface, this curved lateral surface is basic vertical with lower surface with each top with holes, and between their periphery, stretch, also have inner surface, it is determined between the top and lower surface on the main part cylinder central axial line.The elongated hollow bar has axis, and it is the length of this bar, and bar is fixed in the top surface of main part, and the axis alignment main part of bar and determine the cylinder central axial line in hole by the main part branch.Like this, the net shape of the internal cavities of Dewar bottle shape is a cylindrical ring.Be the overall system of discharge lamp of explanation general more than using, the excitation coupling device comprises two electrodes.First electrode is fixed on a part on housing main body part curvilinear sides surface at least, and second electrode is fixed on the part of housing main body part inner surface at least.In addition, first and second electrodes discharge lamp that is connected with exciting signal source and has this type enclosure to improve.
In addition, the inner space of Any shape shell can comprise the inflation again of one or more selected inert gases, so that when excitation energy is applied on the shell, promotes the excitation of spectral energy emission composition.In the present invention, charge air conditioning is in less than an atmospheric pressure again.Used inert gas is argon, krypton and xenon.Change the blowing pressure again of any of these gas, thereby can select from the peak wavelength and the intensity of the light of shell emission, wherein, the blowing pressure again that increases selected inert gas causes the spectral power distribution peaking on lower visible wavelength from shell emission, and the blowing pressure again that reduces selected inert gas causes the spectral power distribution peaking on more visible wavelength from shell emission.
To the emission lamp of lower-wattage of the present invention, the spectral energy of shell emission composition charges can have in every cc volume in space inside the shell and are less than the material that contains 6mg sulphur.Similar, the spectral energy of shell emission composition charges have the material that contains 2mg sulphur at least in every cc volume in space inside the shell.
The another embodiment of the present invention of above-mentioned general remark proposes, and can have radiofrequency signal as the spectral energy emission composition charges of pumping signal with the excitation shell.The frequency of this radiofrequency signal can be less than 1GHz.Similar, the frequency of this radiofrequency signal is at least 10MHz.
To those included electrodes is at the contiguous shell shape of locating in the outside of outer surface of outer cover, the preselected shape of using electrode surface makes the distance between electrode surface and the shell outer surface reach minimum, and the result makes because the idle coupling composition of the radio-frequency (RF) energy that the air gap between shell outer surface and electrode surface causes reaches minimum.
In an embodiment of the RF excited discharge lamp of above-mentioned general remark, the radio-frequency (RF) energy that is coupled to the shell inner space is 100 watts less than every cc inner space volume.Similar, in another embodiment of the RF excited discharge lamp of above-mentioned general remark, the radio-frequency (RF) energy that is coupled to the shell inner space is 20 watts greater than every cc inner space volume.
To have a better understanding to invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of lamp of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the simplification part sectioned view of lamp of the present invention.
Fig. 3 a-3c is the three bulb-shaped width of cloth part sectioned views of three kinds of differences that the present invention adopts.
Fig. 4 a-4f is between period of expansion of the present invention, the schematic diagram of the shape of underproof some kinds of globular bulbs and relevant radio frequency (RF) electrode.
The potential energy curve of S2 had also been showed the spectrum and the discharge of sulphur under these states when Fig. 5 had showed ∑ g (Sigmag) and ∑ u (Sigmau) state.
Fig. 6 is sulphur radiative spectral curve from the excitation incipient stage to complete excitation phase in inferior atmospheric environment.
Fig. 7 is when the emission of sulphur is only caused by temperature, the figure of the emission spectrum relative temperature of sulphur.
Fig. 8 is the spectral drift figure of charges of the relative sulphur of emission spectrum of sulphur.
Fig. 9 is the spectral drift figure of the main relative inertness charge air conditioning of the emission spectrum of sulphur pressure.
Figure 10 is inertia charge air conditioning pressure when constant, the spectral drift figure of the emission spectrum of the sulphur under the different sulphur charges.
The most preferred embodiment explanation:
A. the introduction of lamp of the present invention:
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the part of sulphur lamp of the present invention.Shown sulfur-bearing bulb 10 has the bar 12 of combination therewith, also has the electrode 14 and 14 ' of separating a preset distance with the surface of bulb 10.In two embodiment of the present invention, bulb 10 is rotated motor 22 and rotates at a predetermined velocity by bar 12 between electrode 14 and 14 '.In another embodiment, radiofrequency signal is applied on the bulb in a different manner, hereinafter will discuss this.Also as shown in Figure 1,20 pairs of radio-frequency power amplifiers 18 of radio-frequency power supply then to directional coupler 17, apply institute's selected frequency.Directional coupler 17 transfers to provide feedback to radio-frequency power supply 20, and matching network 16 is supplied with rf power signals so that (during development test, adopt 10MHz to be applied to electrode 14 and 14 ' to (GHz) radiofrequency signal.At last, the square frame that is expressed as power supply 24 is represented local the interchange or DC power system, is used to move rotation motor 22 and radio-frequency power supply 20.
Secondly with reference to figure 2, among the figure simplification mechanical structure of sulphur lamp of the present invention.Here showed sulfur-bearing bulb 10 and the bar 12 that is installed with again, this bar is rotated motor 22 and rotates between two electrodes 14 and 14 '.Here, the radio frequency network of lamp of the present invention part is represented that by module 26 this module comprises the matching network 16 that is contained in wherein.Here, shown matching network 16 comprises with Joukowski coil (Rogowski coil) and draws the radio-frequency coil 30 of connecting, and module 26 is accepted electric energy from lamp socket 28, when this lamp socket is connected with the power equipment of locality by pairing socket (not shown).(note that module 26 among Fig. 2 comprises the part of parts 16,17,18,20 among Fig. 1 and 24).In addition, though not expression here, motor 22 is accepted electric energy by lamp socket 28 from power equipment.In commerce is used, in addition module of lamp, thus the part of damaging at different time is able to be replaced individually, and this is a factor of saving cost.For example, with reference to figure 2, these modules can be the housing that comprises the bulb 10 that has connecting rod 12 and electrode 14 and 14 ', rotation motor 22 and RF excited module 26.In Fig. 2, shown in electrode 14 ' wear one and face the wall and meditate, this wall is opened module 26 and the region separation that comprises the lamp 10 of belt electrode bar, (for example teflon teflon) insulate the sidewall of this electrode stem with module 26 mutually to use insulator.Electrode 14 is connected with the conductive shell (being ground) of module 26 to connect circuit.
Between period of expansion of the present invention, bulb 10 is on the precision glass lathe for machining, adopts hydrogen/oxygen flame blowing quartz bulb shell to form.During evolution, roger before filling sulphur, inert gas and any other material, is carried out vacuum annealing to bulb shell and will be reduced the material that passes in and out bulb walls at the run duration of lamp.In case bulb 10 is made, quartz rod 12 is aimed at the center of bulb 10, is incorporated in to then on the bulb 10.
In the production of pollution-free sulphur lamp, the layout of vacuum system is a part and parcel.In the present invention development, main pumping system comprises a turbine pump, and this pump is connected with 4 inches conduit, and it causes bulb filling mouth and gas charges discharge system.RGA is used with 4 inches conduits of turbine pump and band bulb filling mouth in parallel, just say on the physical significance, the position of this filling mouth should as close as possible these 4 inches pipelines to quicken pumping and to the careful detection of possible pollution.The gas filling thing is discharged the direct adjacent filling mouth of system and is arranged, so that make source to the path of bulb reach minimum, thereby reduces the contamination of heavy from system itself.Filling gas carries out filling again by the coil in the discharge pipe, so that during with freezing the separating out of any unnecessary water vapour, this pipeline is immersed in the dry ice/acetone groove.Before every cover lamp is filled with, use RGA that the vacuum system background spectrum is measured, to guarantee before filling, not having pollution.
Also have, between period of expansion, for guaranteeing a lamp to the reproducibility of next lamp and accurately contrast, before filling, the sphericity and the volume of every bulb 10 are all measured accurately.In the bulb forming process with after being shaped, adopted graphite jig, the volume of every bulb 10 adopts accurate syringe that the bulb full of liquid is measured.Wall thickness adopts the supersonic speed thickness gages to measure on some positions, and external diameter adopts vernier caliper to measure.For the lamp of 1cc/1mm wall thickness, between period of expansion, external diameter remains on 14.6mm ± 0.02mm, yet, aborning, there is not one to measure and need so accurately control.The sulphur that is placed in every lamp is measured with assay balance, and its scale is the 0.1mg level, and tolerance is ± 0.05mg.
Use inert gas to before bulb 10 fillings, as mentioned above, gas passes through cooling coil, and when gas is present in the pumping system, carries out the purity of production to guarantee to inflate again of gas background spectrum.Though it is influential to moving, when production commerce was used lamp, the control of purity was also unnecessary accurate as hereinafter discussing.
Between period of expansion of the present invention, between the operation base period, adopting 22 pairs of sulphur lamps of a little d.c. motor to carry out speed is roughly 200 rev/mins to 6000 rev/mins rotation in the sulphur lamp, and this d.c. motor 22 is installed in the independent aluminium parts.Since at run duration, the mechanical tolerance between bulb 10 and electrode 14 and 14 ', and motor must have enough quality to guarantee stability.Be shown in motor 22 among Fig. 1 and 2 and adopt the both-end heads, the chuck that is installed within two supports of precision ball bearings cover is connected with lamp stand 12.Chuck adopts the Vibrant buffer that is connected with whole lamp rotation jig to be connected with motor spindle, and jig adopts the slippage tension spring to be installed on the radio-frequency driven module 26, makes bulb 10 be able to accurately locate between electrode (14 and 14 ').Aborning, other motors designs that can reach effect same also can be used.
Between period of expansion, the radio-frequency power electric power system comprises radio-frequency signal source 20 (HP8505A network analyser), power amplifier 18 (ENI A-300) and place within the cavity 16 coil 30 that is connected with electrode 14 and 14 '.Cavity is about 7 * 7 * 9 inches, has around cylinder to form, and adopts teflon cruciform joint member to be placed on coil 30 within the cavity 16.Coil 30 is made by the minor diameter copper pipe, and it is connected with corresponding feed electrode 14 power by N Connector from power amplifier 18 with 14 '.In the structure of between period of expansion, using, two feed electrodes are all by placing the teflon thin plate of radio-frequency driven member leading section, and being placed to delegation with grounding electrode, this grounding electrode supports with 4 aluminium by the aluminium cruciform joint and is connected with the outside of radio-frequency driven member.The relative spacing of electrode and location be then by with feed and grounding electrode mantle fiber, and they are fixed with teflon and aluminium cruciform joint separately and obtain.This also is full of an example of radio-frequency power electric power system structure of the present invention.In the production of general commodity lamp, many other structures can be adopted.
Electrode 14 can be led with 14 ' by various electric conducting materials, comprises brass or plating uncle's brass, the in addition machine work of each electrode 14 and 14 ' surface, with the three-dimensional sphere curvature of simulation bulb 10 so that bulb 10 is applied radio-frequency power equably.As hereinafter discussing, the shape on electrode 14 and 14 ' surface is by some different factor decisions, the shape of bulb 10 for example, from the light quantity that sheds by bulb 10 between electrode, and in order to protect the melting or the distortion of bulb 10, to the means of defence of the excessive hot spot point between bulb 10 and each electrode 14 and 14 '.
In development, also further identify, the bulb 10 that is shaped as small size ball (diameter is 10mm to 15mm) can provide highly required point-source of light to be used to carry out effective optical coupled and distribution, in bulb, there is not any known chemical reactions between composition and the quartz container simultaneously, these are the lumen supply of especially height and provide more than potential long-life of 100,000 hours may.So the long-life makes this low-power sulphur lamp may become the permanent energy resource system of building, and road lamp system and any other are used the integral part in the place of high intensity illumination.These characteristics combine with the energy efficiency of height, the lamp that the present invention is proposed (is for example wished by more effective production of energy and illumination corporations, low-power, long-life street lighting system is to reduce the city of their street lighting costs) have great interest.
B. bulb geometry:
Secondly, shown in Fig. 3 a-3c is the possible structure of three kinds of bulbs 10 and bar 12 assemblies.Bulb 10 among Fig. 3 a ' inside and outside both sides all be spherical, bar 12 is mounted to, and extends into 10 ' time of bulb at the center line of bar 12, it is by the center of bulb 10 '.When similar, bulb 10 among Fig. 3 b " inside and outside both sides all be columniform, bar 12 is mounted to, the center line of bar 12 extends into bulb 10 ", it promptly was a bulb 10 " bulb-shaped center line.Every the modulated structure that is shown in Fig. 3 a and 3b is designed to be rotated.
Among Fig. 3 c is Dewar bottle (Dewar) structure, and it does not require rotation, shown in bulb 10 be that inside and outside both sides all are columniform, the ring-cylinder ring with center through hole.Bar 12 ' also be the pipe of a hollow, it with aim at by the medium pore of bulb 10 .In this structure, an electrode covers on the outer cylinder surface 32 of bulb 10 , and second electrode 34 covers the medium pore inside by bulb 10 .In this structure, electrode 32 and 34 play a part among Fig. 1 and 2 electrode 14 and 14 ', and as shown in Figure 2, with the position of electrode 14 and 14 ' be connected, be connected with radio frequency part 26.Between period of expansion, made some kinds of Dewar bottle formula lamps and with exploration electric field has been dispersed to become the effect of non-zero, thereby it is unnecessary that the rotation of lamp is become.In developing stage, be 5mm once to internal diameter, external diameter is that Dewar bottle formula bulb 10 of 10mm carry out overtesting.
Point out that in 10 ' time of rotary spherical bulb, it provides the volume mixture effect by Ke Liaolisi (Coriolis) power, the formation (being thread discharge) that this had both helped to reduce " a fluid stream " also helps to improve bulb 10 ' interior gas temperature.In this structure, gas temperature mainly is the function of the electric-force gradient of electrode 14 and 14 ' provide, therefore, electrode and bulb 10 ' or 10 " the spacing on surface directly influence the temperature of internal gas.A kind of bulb 10 ' have diameter is 14.6mm, and wall thickness is 1mm, and Side Volume is 1cc in it.Other volume is 0.6cc and 2.0cc, and the bulb with different wall also carries out overtesting.
Fig. 4 a-4c showed the globular bulb 10 of three kinds of different sizes ', they do overtesting in developing stage of the present invention, wherein the bulb of every kind of displaying has the wall thickness of 1mm.In these figure, also showed, pick up letter and be corresponding relatively bulb 10 ' the wall thickness of diameter, electrode 14 and 14 ' be best size.
Similar, Fig. 4 d-4f showed developing stage of the present invention carry out the globular bulb 10 of three kinds of different sizes of overtesting ', the wall thickness of the bulb tool 3mm of every kind of displaying.In these figure, also showed pick up letter be corresponding relatively bulb 10 ' diameter and wall thickness, the size that electrode 14 and 14 ' be is best.
Columniform, 1 and the bulb 10 of 2cc " once built " mixed effect of interior sulphur and gas to determine bulb 10.Owing to there is not strong Ke Liaolisili in cylinder form, buoyancy effects is dominated mixing.Experimental result shows, if electrode 14 and 14 ' between electric-force gradient low, then this is just enough.Here determine also that cylindrical electrode provides more uniform electric-force gradient, and potential low idle component imaginary part.
C. electrode requires:
Determined, electrode 14 and 14 ' shape and arrange to the radiative effect of lamp of the present invention it is vital, in determining, be highly influential, the shape of electrode adopts symmetrical conformal (similar) design, it depends on the shape of bulb 10.Also observe, electrode 14 and 14 ' heat increase, and bulb 10 electrode 14 and 14 ' between center, also have bulb 10 and electrode 14 and 14 ' between spacing also help the possibility of the hot spot formation of heat on the bulb 10.
D. the cooling of lamp:
As above to the sphere that is shown in Fig. 3 a and 3b and cylindrical bulb 10 ' and 10 " explanations of being done.At interval very near outside electrode 14 and 14 ' the be used for exciter bulb charges that form in.In addition, at run duration, bulb 10 rotates in 200 rev/mins to 6000 rev/mins scopes so that mix charges in the bulb continuously with connecting rod 12.Like this, to the interior Side Volume with 1cc and the bulb of about 14.6mm diameter, from its around the surface perimeter farthest of the axis of rotation approximately with 0.55 km/hour to 16.5 kms/hour motion.
Known, only the rotation of bulb 10 just can provide the convection current cooling of bulb.Yet, have been found that the electrode 14 and 14 very near with the surface spacing of bulb 10 ' existence created improved cooling, and this did not forecast with the bulb of speed shown here rotation in the prior art.Because electrode 14 and 14 ' existence cause air to center on flowing of bulb 10, this is directed at convection current cooling effect that rotation produces and is increased to 2: 1 times scope.
E. bulb physics:
Chemical property-the sulphur of sulphur is a kind of very active material, is that VI belongs to element, and therefore, it forms oxide, sulfide and halide apace, and its activity has been got rid of in the employing of bulb inside without the possibility of the metal electrode of protecting with the generation discharge.Therefore, designed a kind of lower powered external device (ED) with the sulphur in the exciter bulb.Having selected quartz, because it only is made up of silicon and oxygen, is transparent at visible-range, plays the black matrix effect at wavelength greater than 5.5 micrometer ranges, and has high temperature softening point and young's modulus.
Sulphur steam is by many polyatom forms, by S
16Be distributed to S
2, constituting, its bigger molecule is annular.Comprise the fusing point of the solid-state form of sulphur at sulphur, about 113 ℃ begin vaporization.
Known in technology, as in the present invention uses, the performance of sulphur compound and elementary sulfur similar.
Electronic state-once used the sulphur dimer that laser is launched in ultraviolet ray range, but in native system because pressure is widened the path with the weak point of gas, makes gain less than 1.The sulphur dimer is a degeneracy rotary system, has unique linear oscillator attitude that two shared P electronics can adopt.The crowd knows known, and the ∑ g attitude (see figure 5) of sulphur has the interval of 0.080 electronvolt (eV),＜＜the 1eV place becomes harmonic wave, and ends at 3.1eV.The last ∑ u attitude (see figure 5) of sulphur has the interval of 0.170eV, is to have 9 energy levels after the disassociation of 4.4eV place.Specific characteristic of the present invention be the sulfenyl attitude to about 2eV place be excited ∑ g attitude the interval to be excited ∑ g attitude to ∑ u attitude and have similar energy value, all are irregular in visible spectrum.By adopting the peak energy distribution at the 2eV place to produce excited electron, the transition energy of above-mentioned requirements is very effectively by pumping.
Operation characteristic-bulb 10 is made of the quartz container of finding time, and shell is filled with elementary sulfur, and has the inflation again of the starting gas that is generally inert gas.Like this, when radio frequency can be by electrode 14 and 14 ' when applying, ionized inert gas becomes electron plasma, its heating and excitation sulphur.Inert gas near electrode 14 and 14 ' bulb internal surface near ionization, electronics is from being excited inert gas to the diffusion of the center of bulb 10, its speed is determined at moment electric field and the collision frequency of those electronics, and the collision frequency that those electronics have is determined at molecular density and electron scattering cross section.In addition, under service conditions, sulphur is non-ionizing, and it is real molecular emission device, has the visible emission from the transition of molecular vibration attitude.The molecule rotation attitude of sulphur further darkens emission spectrum, makes final spectrum form a continuous spectrum.
The starting the arc and heating-Fig. 6 have showed the 10 connection cycles of bulb, when being exposed to RF excited, at the sulphur emission spectrum of different time picked-up.These time slices are features that lamp is connected the cycle, how to apply but its speed depends on radio-frequency power.Initial two spectrum (36 and 38) are the spectrum of the early stage periods of low pressure of connection cycle and intensification, and are short arcs.Minimum curve (36) has the feature in 260 nanometers (nm) composite peak, has the band emission 300 to 480nm.When hot electron was produced by high electric-force gradient under the condition that low-sulfur is pressed, hot electron had enough energy the sulphur vapor dissociation is become atomic sulfur.Atomic sulfur is to the frequecy characteristic of this dissociation energy of compound emission (4.4eV) of diatomic molecule.The emission of the band here is the decay of Electron Excitation to its ∑ u attitude and this attitude to ground state and low ∑ g attitude of sulphur.Sulphur steam is still cold, and is in ground state substantially.
Second spectrum 38 is continuation of heating process, and its expression transition stage is to run mode.When temperature increased, because the collision of electronics and sulphur, more sulphur was vaporized, higher sulphur pressure cool electronic Energy distribution, thus ∑ u attitude can not directly be reached by ground state, but need at first be energized to ∑ g attitude, and then be energized to ∑ u attitude.∑ u to the transition of ∑ g excited state according to the incompatibility of Franck-Condon owing to identical reason than directly favourable to the transition of ground state from ∑ u attitude, be excited ∑ g attitude and have the long life-span (millisecond 100 times).On the contrary, the life-span of ∑ u attitude is in nano-seconds.
Several spectrum 40,42 in back and 44 expressions are excited sulphur steam to only being ∑ u and to being excited the development of ∑ g attitude, and the transition that each allowed produces the spectrum of broad peak value.
Fig. 7 is in order relatively to be comprised.The spectral emissions here is that sulphur only bears in bulb 10 by 800 ℃ of stable to the 1400C scope, (without any RF excited) spectral emissions of static temperature.It is to be noted that at 1100 ℃, spectrum begins at development peak, about 725nm place, and when temperature increased to 1400 ℃, the peak migrated downward into 675nm, and the shape of whole spectral pattern becomes more sharp-pointed.
Ionized gas-because the activity of sulphur as noted must adopt inert gas as ionized gas.The selection of concrete gas is limited by some factors: the easy startup of discharge requires gas to have low ionization potential (promptly heavier gas); Gas also is used as thermal-protective coating and MOMENTUM TRANSMISSION mechanism electron temperature and the balanced sulfur molecule with cooling discharge; Xenon has minimum ionization potential and thermodynamic barrier, but krypton may be more favourable to total energy efficiency.
The thermal management of thermal management-bulb 10 is important to the overall efficiency of lamp of the present invention.In developing stage, deeply convince that the minimum temperature of bulb 10 is to be about 350 to 375 ℃ to having low sulphur filling bulb.One of requirement is that black matrix and convection losses are remained minimum.Three kinds of possible methods are arranged for this reason.First kind, reduce the heat conduction loss of gas to the air interface by increasing thermal impedance (promptly thickening the lamp wall).Second kind, adopt the coating that selective power is arranged with the radiation loss of inhibition, and change the emissivity of lamp surface all long waves greater than visible wavelength.The third adopts the secondary optics cover with suitable coating in the outside of the high electric field region of electrode.
Wall thickness-also determine, thickening lamp wall is the problem of a compromise selection.Making bulb efficient reach the highest key is to reduce thermal loss, because bulb walls (some walls) reaches 450 ℃ at least, so that sulphur is maintained the dimer state of gas.For lower powered bulb, thermal management can be finished by thicker glass wall.Thicker lamp wall will produce bigger thermal gradient in the lamp wall, it transfers to provide again lower outside wall temperature.This helps to reduce the convection heat losses.But gas temperature is the function of electron energy.Like this, if having high electric field strength in interior bulb walls, even gas pressure is high, will produce hot electron, a fluid stream-result is the loss of efficient to the plasma of heated air, and generation partly altogether.Thicker wall has been removed outside the thermal management effect, also increases electrode 14 and 14 ' leave bulb 10 desired effective spacings, and this requirement has higher radiofrequency field potential energy.Consequently increase reactive impedance, its payment is effectively RF-coupled, like this, has an equilibrium relation between wall thickness and electrode impedance, this depend on requirement the conductance of the plasma during definite optimum thickness, the efficient and the plasma stability of its balance lamp.
Pneumatics-at the inner surface of bulb 10, electric field strength is to increase towards the plasma sheath that conducts electricity, and the sheath layer is an ionized region.Ionized inert gas, electronics is because their high mobility begins diffusion, but, it is so fast that high-frequency electric field is that alternation gets, so that in the single cycle of radio frequency waveform, electronics can not move a suitable distance, yet, electronic energy obtains enough energy and sulfur molecule collision from electric field, and encourages them.The electron density of strengthening in the bulb 10 of sheath layer region and rotation provides diffusion potential energy.Because the inert gas in the plasma main body is not suffer sufficiently high electric-force gradient to carry out ionization, like this, the compound sheath layer region that mainly betides of inert gas uses the microscope spectrometer that this zone is scanned, and provides the inert gas spectrum a little less than in the of one.
The bombardment heated air of gas circulation-duplet sulphur steam, the rotation of bulb 10 causes vertical rotating shaft, towards the centripetal force of bulb 10 wall inner surfaces.Because density gradient, hot gas is owing to " floating " responds towards rotation, and when gas cooled off owing to radiation, it sprayed towards the polar region from rotation.Gas turns round along interior bulb walls from here, is back to ionized space, repetitive cycling.Ke Liaolisili sneaks into plasma with gas, makes its intensity seem even relatively.The photodistributed measurement of radiation provides, and is brighter a little for the last utmost point of gravity extremely relatively down, because heavier composition is sink to " bottom " of the inboard of bulb 10, provides denser dimer production area.
CO
2Scale removal-as a part of the present invention, definite, the additional CO in bulb 10
2Charges can reduce the hygienic requirements of technology.Add CO to inert gas
2Be able under service conditions, make any organic compound and the CO of bulb 10 inside
2The scale remover oxidation reduces the elemental carbon that may exist in bulb 10 inside.Owing to reduced elemental carbon, elemental carbon is separated out reduction at the lip-deep coating of interior side lamp, thereby has eliminated the potential shunt resistance composition to the discharge path of lamp effectively.
The peak spectral wavelength of relative sulphur charges
As shown in Figure 8, when sulphur charges increases (2.8mg/cc to 4.9mg/cc), and bulb 10 ' when interior all the other kept equal conditions (50Torr argon), the intensity of spectrum peak frequency (inverse of emission wavelength) and peak emission all reduced.Like this, the amount of sulphur charges can be used for the spectrum maximum in radiation (as seen) spectrum is moved to near-infrared (pointing out that in experiment spectrum peak can change between about 400nm to 700nm) by near ultraviolet ray.In addition, also observe, when the sulphur charges increase, spectrum peak width broadening, or flatten, and at lamp as shown in Figure 8 during filling, when the spectrum peak of broadening is positioned at 480nm, bulb 10 ' in the sulphur charges be 2.8mg/cc, when argon was 50Torr, peak of radiation degree efficient (maximum intensity of spectrum peak place emission) took place.Therefore, can see that for low-power sulphur lamp of the present invention, the change of sulphur charges can make white color of the band in the light and luminous efficiency that big distribution is arranged.
The characteristic of lamp-by above discussion as seen, sulphur lamp of the present invention is a kind of very efficient, long-life light source.Determine according to the various tests that developing stage is carried out, with due regard to influence all factors of efficient, lamp of the present invention will be imported the efficient that can be converted to albescent light and can use the peak efficiency of lamp (to be different from low pressure and to receive lamp at present greater than 60%-, the monochromatic gold-tinted of its emission, this is to major part illumination application, because its low color reproduction generally is inapplicable) when 20 to the 100 watt/cc scope of input power at bulb 10.
To one of useful factor of lamp efficient of the present invention is RF-coupled quality, and it is used for energy is delivered to bulb from electrode.As mentioned above, the air gap is more little, and this goes far towards the impedance matching in the lamp system, and-impedance matching is just good more.
In addition, the shape of globe lamp produces a kind of point-source of light of very high strength, and its available simple optics is handled.This makes it may produce the daylight illuminator of photosynthesis and high output with the spectrum flexibility of sulphur lamp.
Spectral characteristic-in similar test, observe, when the sulphur charges increase to 5mg/cc from 2mg/cc, and the low dark decay gas with 10Torr is when inflating again, and the general shape of spectrum curve of output is offset to redness (higher wavelength) from blue look (lower wavelength).Adopt 200 to 500Torr krypton or xenon to inflate again, and the sulphur charges are reduced to 2 to 4mg/cc, same skew occurs and have flattening of spectrum peak, and white light is 3.2mg/cc at sulphur, the inflation of Kr produces during for 500Torr.This shows that the optics conduct of sulphur lamp of the present invention is inversely proportional to the concentration of sulphur charges, and is proportional to the inner gas pressure of inert gas, and in commodity coverage, the sulphur charges are greatly about 2-6mg/cc.
The Figure 10 that is comprised is in order to show, remains on krypton when being 200Torr in the blowing pressure again of inert gas, and various sulphur charges are to the influence of spectral response.Here, employed sulphur charges are 2.9mg/cc, 3.8mg/cc and 5/0mg/cc.As shown in figure 10, the spectral response of peak value is respectively 480nm, 510nm and 560nm.
Fig. 9 showed inert gas again the blowing pressure increase to the influence of 500Torr from the 10Torr of krypton, at this moment the sulphur charges to lower inert gas again the 3.3mg/cc of the blowing pressure reduce to the higher inert gas 2.7mg/cc of the blowing pressure again.Show among Fig. 9 that the peak characteristic comes across minimum sulphur charges and the highest inert gas inflation, the i.e. krypton of the sulphur of 2.7mg/cc and 500Torr.
Like this, the concentration of various sulphur charges comprises those concentration of 2mg/cc to 5mg/cc, all can use in lamp of the present invention.In addition, to concrete lamp, the spectrum output of the lamp of application or requirement can be carried out the optimization of concrete concentration level.
F. use
The rotation of some embodiment of general lighting-sulphur lamp requires suggestion, can be different from the mode of other lamp of present use, and these lamps are used for the general lighting purpose.Like this, these lamps will be own them, and interalia contributes to the area illumination of independent light source, for example, can place the defocused beam emanator of a mirror type in use, thereby its focus is positioned near the point-source of light emitting surface of sulphur lamp.Such combination will produce illumination very uniformly so that reduce heights of ceilings at a big surf zone.
Projection light source-as for further application, such as sulphur lamp of the present invention, the combination of the point-source of light of high brightness and the smooth spectrum that can tilt to blue coloured light is the desirable lamp of projection light source.As independent light source, it comprises visible spectrum completely, and light beam two color breakups are become three chrominance channels, with they modulation, is a good method of making cheap projection TV but recombine into the scanning light beam with colour balance then.
Display lighting-another special application is to use the smooth spectral characteristic of sulphur lamp to improve the visibility characteristic that shopper window and place show.
It will be appreciated that, above-mentioned relatively as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2 bulb of the present invention 10 ' the experiment operation also may extend among Fig. 3 b-3c two kinds other bulb-shaped, also may extend to other shape that may design, and no matter whether rotate.In addition, relatively the discussion of bulb charges material of the present invention also is applicable to sulphur compound and other element and compound not only applicable to elementary sulfur, as long as its characteristic and sulphur is similar, such as selenium and selenium compound.
Though above-mentioned discussion attempt illustrates and shows some different embodiment of the present invention and device, can not show or predict all embodiment of the present invention and application.Yet, present technique is had the scholar of experience, to various other embodiment with use that to carry out necessary change be obvious.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the scope of above-mentioned discussion, as long as within the claims scope.
Claims (22)
1, a kind of discharge lamp, it is used for the radiation spectrum Energy distribution, and described discharge lamp comprises;
Light transmissive shell, this shell are determined inner space and spherical outer surface, and described inner space is mounted with the charges material of spectral energy emission composition, it at least by sulphur-containing substance, contain a kind of composition the in the combination of selenium material and described material;
The electromagnetic excitation signal source; With
Pair of electrodes, this is to electrode and the coupling of described electromagnetic excitation signal source, be placed on the contiguous place outside the described spherical outer surface of described shell, so that electromagnetic energy is introduced the described inner space of described shell, the described spectral energy emission of de-energisation composition, in described two electrodes each comprises the surface of the part spherical form of protrusion, the described spherical outer surface complementation of this spherical form surface and described shell, place near the outer surface of described shell on the described surface of each electrode, and with this outer surface preset distance of being separated by.
2, a kind of discharge lamp, it is used for the radiation spectrum Energy distribution, and described discharge lamp comprises;
Light transmissive shell, this shell is determined inner space and cylindrical outer surface, described inner space is mounted with the charges material of spectral energy emission composition, it at least by sulphur-containing substance, contain a kind of composition the in the combination of selenium material and described material;
The electromagnetic excitation signal source; With
Pair of electrodes, this is to electrode and the coupling of described electromagnetic excitation signal source, be placed on the contiguous place outside the described cylindrical outer surface of described shell, so that electromagnetic energy is introduced the described inner space of described shell, the described spectral energy emission of de-energisation composition, in described two electrodes each comprises the surface of the part cylinder form of protrusion, the described cylindrical outer surface complementation of this cylinder form surface and described shell, place near the outer surface of described shell on the described surface of each electrode, and with this outer surface preset distance of being separated by.
3, discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1 or 2 also comprises:
Elongate rod, it is fixed on the described shell; With
The gyrator system, it is connected with the described elongate rod of described shell, is used to make described shell to rotate around described bar.
4, discharge lamp as claimed in claim 3, described shell is cooled off in the described rotation of wherein said shell, and the air flows cooling of the described shell that the air flows cooling of the described shell that the described electrode of placing near described shell provides when this shell rotates produces when rotating than the described shell that does not have described electrode is strong.
5, a kind of cooling means of discharge lamp, this discharge lamp radiation spectrum Energy distribution, described light fixture has light transmissive shell, and moves in the electromagnetic excitation environment, and this shell is determined inner space and spherical or columniform outer surface, and described cooling means comprises:
A. an elongate rod is fixed on the described shell;
B. with described sphere or the cylindrical outer surface of pair of electrodes near described shell, and be separated by a preset distance with this outer surface and place, each in the described electrode pair comprise with the described outer shape of described shell mutually the surface of complementary protrusion shape so that described electromagnetic environment and described shell are coupled; With
C. rotate described elongate rod to make it to rotate described shell, thereby cooling has the described shell of the electrode that is placed on nearby, and the air flows cooling of the described shell that the air flows cooling of the described shell that at this moment provides is produced when rotating than the described shell that does not have described electrode is strong.
6, discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1 or 2, the described inner space of wherein said shell are mounted with the material of spectral energy emission composition, and this material is that the described inner space volume of the described shell of every cc contains the material less than 6mg sulphur.
7, discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1 or 2, the described inner space of wherein said shell are mounted with the material of spectral energy emission composition, and this material is the material that the described inner space volume of the described shell of every cc contains 2mg sulphur at least.
8, discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is wherein had less than 1GHz by the described electromagnetic energy that described electrode is accepted, but is at least the frequency of 1MHz.
9, discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said electrode pair are coupled to the electromagnetic power less than 200 watts of the described inner space volume of every cc the inner space of described shell.
10, discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said shell is inflated less than 1 atmospheric inert gas with pressure again.
11, discharge lamp as claimed in claim 10, wherein said inert gas are a kind of in argon, krypton and the xenon at least.
12, discharge lamp as claimed in claim 10, each in the blowing pressure again of wherein said inert gas and this inert gas all can be selected with peak strength and the wavelength of control from the described spectral power distribution of described shell emission.
13, discharge lamp as claimed in claim 12, wherein, when the blowing pressure again of described inert gas increased, the corresponding light spectrum wavelength of the output peak value of the spectral power distribution of described discharge lamp reduced.
14, discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1 or 2, the described preselected shape on the surface of wherein said two electrodes will make the coupling distance between the described outer surface of described electrode surface and described shell reach minimum, this causes the idle coupled component of the described electromagnetic energy that is caused by the air gap between the outer surface of described shell and the described electrode surface to reach minimum, and the electromagnetism running frequency of the described discharge lamp of described shape is also determined thus.
15, discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said shell is made by quartz.
16, discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said shell also comprises CO
2Additional charges, in order to any organic compound of oxidation, thereby reduce any elemental carbon may exist within the described shell.
17, a kind of discharge lamp, it is used for the radiation spectrum Energy distribution, and described discharge lamp comprises:
Light transmissive shell, this shell is determined inner space, comprising:
Main part, this main part have the band top surface, lower surface and curved lateral surface cylindrical outside
Each is vertical substantially in the side, this curved lateral surface and described top and lower surface, and at these two tables
Stretch between the periphery of face, also determine a hole, it has at the cylindrical central axial line of described main part
On, the inner surface between described top and lower surface; With
The elongate hollow bar, this bar has the axis for described pole length, and described bar is fixed on described top surface, and described main part of the axis alignment of described elongate hollow bar and the cylinder central axial line in definite described hole by described main part;
Wherein said shell is determined a columniform ring-type inner space;
The electromagnetic excitation signal source; With
Pair of electrodes, they and described electromagnetic signal source are coupled, and described electrode pair comprises:
First electrode of described electrode pair, a part of the described curvature side surface of the described main part of its contiguous at least described shell; With
Second electrode of described electrode pair, a part of the described inner surface of the described main part of its contiguous at least described shell.
18, discharge lamp as claimed in claim 17, it also comprises the charges of spectral energy emission composition in the described inner space inside of described shell, these charges at least by sulphur-containing substance, contain a kind of among selenium material and the described combinations of substances and constitute.
19, discharge lamp as claimed in claim 17, this discharge lamp also comprises the gyrator system, this subsystem is connected in order to described shell is rotated around described bar with the described elongate rod of described shell.
20, a kind of bulb of lamp is used to provide visible radiation, when operation, comprising:
Light transmissive shell, this shell is determined inner space, described shell comprises:
Main part, this main part has the cylindrical outer side of band top surface, lower surface and curved lateral surface, each is vertical substantially in this curved lateral surface and described top and the lower surface, and between the periphery on these two surfaces, stretch, also determine a hole, it has on the cylindrical central axial line of described main part, the inner surface between described top and lower surface; With
The elongate hollow bar, this bar has the axis for described pole length, and described bar is fixed on described top surface, and described main part of the axis alignment of described elongate hollow bar and the cylinder central axial line in definite described hole by described main part;
Wherein said shell is determined a columniform ring-type inner space; With
At the charges of the spectral energy of described enclosure emission composition, these charges at least by sulphur-containing substance, contain a kind of in selenium material and the described combinations of substances and constitute.
21, the bulb of lamp as claimed in claim 20 also comprises:
First electrode, a part of the described curved lateral surface of the described main part of its contiguous at least described shell; With
Second electrode, a part of the described inner surface of the described main part of its contiguous at least described shell.
22, a kind of discharge lamp, it is used for the radiation spectrum Energy distribution, and described discharge lamp comprises:
Light transmissive shell, this shell is determined inner space and cylindrical outer surface, described inner space is mounted with the charges material of spectral energy emission composition, it at least by sulphur-containing substance, contain a kind of composition the in the combination of selenium material and described material;
The electromagnetic excitation signal source; With
Pair of electrodes, this is coupled to electrode and the excitatory signal source of encouraging of described electricity, be placed on the contiguous place outside the described cylindrical outer surface of described shell, so that electromagnetic energy is introduced the described inner space of described shell, the described spectral energy emission of de-energisation composition, in described two electrodes each comprises the surface of the part cylinder form of protrusion, the described cylindrical outer surface complementation of this cylinder form surface and described shell, place near the outer surface of described shell on the described surface of each electrode, and with this outer surface preset distance of being separated by, wherein the frequency of being accepted by described electrode pair that electromagnetic energy had is less than 1GHz, but be at least 10MHz, described electrode pair is coupled to the electromagnetic power less than 200 watts of the described inner space volume of every cc the inner space of described shell;
Elongate rod, it is fixed on the described shell; With
The gyrator system, it is connected with the described elongate rod of described shell, be used to make described shell to rotate around described bar, the described rotation cooling of wherein said shell has the described shell of the electrode that is placed on nearby, and the air flows cooling of the described shell that the air flows cooling of the described shell that at this moment provides is produced when rotating than the described shell that does not have described electrode is strong.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 95193022 CN1156532A (en) | 1994-04-07 | 1995-04-06 | RF driven sulfur lamp |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/224,036 | 1994-04-07 | ||
| CN 95193022 CN1156532A (en) | 1994-04-07 | 1995-04-06 | RF driven sulfur lamp |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1156532A true CN1156532A (en) | 1997-08-06 |
Family
ID=5082548
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 95193022 Pending CN1156532A (en) | 1994-04-07 | 1995-04-06 | RF driven sulfur lamp |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1156532A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006079283A1 (en) * | 2005-01-28 | 2006-08-03 | Guang Dong Bright Star Light & Electricity Co., Ltd | Mercury-free or low-mercury high intensity discharge lamp |
| CN106575532A (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2017-04-19 | 诺信公司 | Ultraviolet systems and methods for irradiating substrate |
-
1995
- 1995-04-06 CN CN 95193022 patent/CN1156532A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006079283A1 (en) * | 2005-01-28 | 2006-08-03 | Guang Dong Bright Star Light & Electricity Co., Ltd | Mercury-free or low-mercury high intensity discharge lamp |
| CN106575532A (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2017-04-19 | 诺信公司 | Ultraviolet systems and methods for irradiating substrate |
| CN106575532B (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2018-07-13 | 诺信公司 | UV system and method for radiation supporting base |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1444772A (en) | Plasma lamp with dielectric waveguide | |
| CN1447979A (en) | Light bulb electrodeless discharge lamp | |
| KR20100105579A (en) | High-frequency lamp and method for the operation thereof | |
| Turner et al. | Sulfur lamps—progress in their development | |
| CN104520969B (en) | Luminescence of plasma device and the electromagnetic wave generator used thereof | |
| US5914564A (en) | RF driven sulfur lamp having driving electrodes which face each other | |
| US7446477B2 (en) | Dielectric barrier discharge lamp with electrodes in hexagonal arrangement | |
| US11830720B2 (en) | Plasma lamp as a radiation source in an apparatus for artificial weathering | |
| US4954755A (en) | Electrodeless lamp having hybrid cavity | |
| JP2001507163A (en) | Lamp device having a reflective ceramic sleeve for holding a light-emitting plasma | |
| US4902935A (en) | Method and apparatus for evening out the temperature distribution of electrodeless lamp bulbs | |
| CN1156532A (en) | RF driven sulfur lamp | |
| CN1317734C (en) | Electrodeless lighting system | |
| US20100283390A1 (en) | Plasma lamp | |
| CN1222250A (en) | Light emitting device and arrays thereof | |
| US4847530A (en) | Arc discharge lamp with elongated outer envelope orthogonal to lamp base | |
| CN101517697A (en) | Low pressure discharge lamp | |
| CN1433047A (en) | Electrode-less lighting system and lighting lamp | |
| CN1744275A (en) | Dielectric barrier discharge lamp | |
| US4812957A (en) | Optical system for uniform illumination of a plane surface | |
| WO1999049496A1 (en) | Fluorescent lamp | |
| GB2182486A (en) | Magnesium vapor discharge lamp | |
| CN1606898A (en) | Reducing vertical segregation in a hid lamp operated at vhf frequencies | |
| CN1288586A (en) | Method of adjusting the light spectrun of a gas discharge lamp, gas discharge lamp, and luminaire for said lamp | |
| US7768185B2 (en) | Electrodeless light source from conducting inorganic carbide |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |