CN115651113A - Preparation process of gypsum retarder - Google Patents
Preparation process of gypsum retarder Download PDFInfo
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- CN115651113A CN115651113A CN202211423353.3A CN202211423353A CN115651113A CN 115651113 A CN115651113 A CN 115651113A CN 202211423353 A CN202211423353 A CN 202211423353A CN 115651113 A CN115651113 A CN 115651113A
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of building materials, in particular to a preparation process of a gypsum retarder for prolonging the setting time of gypsum mortar, gypsum boards and gypsum blocks. Through amidation reaction of acrylate and aliphatic polyamine, gypsum retarder intermediate product is synthesized, and the intermediate product, olefin sulfonic acid (salt) and acrylic monomer are further copolymerized to produce macromolecular copolymer gypsum retarder with proper molecular weight. The gypsum retarder prepared by the process contains carbonyl, acyl, sulfonic group, carboxylic group and other groups in a molecular structure, improves the complexing performance to calcium ions, reduces the solubility of gypsum, delays the formation of crystal nuclei, effectively prolongs the setting time under low doping amount, and effectively reduces the strength loss through electrostatic repulsion and long side chain steric hindrance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building materials, in particular to a preparation process of a gypsum retarder for prolonging the setting time of gypsum mortar, gypsum boards and gypsum blocks.
Background
The main component of gypsum is calcium sulfate, which is an industrial material and a building material with wide application, the reserves of natural gypsum mineral resources in China are rich, and the reserve of various types of ascertained gypsum is about 70430Mt and is the top of the world. The industrial by-product gypsum is a by-product or waste residue which is generated in industrial production due to chemical reaction and takes calcium sulfate as a main component, and is also called chemical gypsum or industrial waste gypsum, the accumulated inventory of the industrial by-product gypsum in China currently exceeds 1100Mt, and the industrial by-product gypsum mainly comprises desulfurized gypsum, phosphogypsum, titanium gypsum, fluorgypsum and the like. In 2020, the total yield of industrial by-product gypsum in China is about 200Mt, wherein the yield of desulfurized gypsum, phosphogypsum, titanium gypsum and neutralized gypsum accounts for more than 90 percent of the total amount of all industrial by-product gypsum. The industrial byproduct gypsum has poor quality, contains heavy metal, organic and inorganic impurities, is difficult to recycle, occupies a large amount of land for stockpiling, and has the risk of polluting water and soil. At present, the utilization amount of industrial byproduct gypsum in China is about 120Mt/a, the overall comprehensive utilization rate is about 60%, but the comprehensive utilization rate of complex and difficult-to-use byproduct gypsum such as phosphogypsum, titanium gypsum, fluorgypsum and the like is low. The industrial by-product gypsum is mainly used for preparing cement retarders, paper-surface gypsum boards, plastering gypsum, gypsum laths, gypsum bricks, gypsum blocks, self-leveling gypsum and the like, and when the industrial by-product gypsum is used for preparing gypsum mortar, gypsum boards and gypsum blocks, the gypsum retarders are indispensable components because the gypsum is quickly set and hardened and can be used only by prolonging the operation time.
The commonly used gypsum retarder mainly comprises 3 kinds of organic acid and soluble salt thereof, alkaline phosphate and protein retarder. Organic acid and soluble salt retarders thereof are mainly adsorbed on the surfaces of the semi-hydrated gypsum particles to hinder the semi-hydrated gypsum from dissolving, so that the liquid phase supersaturation is reduced, the crystal nucleus formation speed is slowed down, the crystal crystallization habit, the loose microstructure and the pore structure of a hardened body are changed, the setting time is prolonged, and the strength is reduced. The action mechanism of the alkaline phosphate retarder is mainly that the alkaline phosphate retarder reacts with calcium ions in a solution to generate insoluble salt to cover the surfaces of semi-hydrated gypsum and crystallized dihydrate gypsum crystal nuclei, so that the liquid phase supersaturation degree is reduced, the nucleation probability of the dihydrate gypsum crystal nuclei is reduced, the crystallization habit of the dihydrate gypsum is changed, the pore structure is degraded, and finally, the setting time is prolonged and the strength is reduced. The protein retarder has the action mechanism that colloid formed after being dissolved in water covers the surface of hydrated ions, the free energy of a system is reduced, the formation of critical crystal nuclei is slowed down, or the colloid is adsorbed on the surface of the formed crystal nuclei to reduce the surface energy of the crystal nuclei, so that the crystal nuclei are difficult to grow in a certain time period, the induction period of gypsum hydration is delayed, macroscopically, the setting time is prolonged, and obvious influence on the dissolution of hemihydrate gypsum in an initial stage, the formation of supersaturated dihydrate gypsum solution and the growth process of crystal grains in a hydration acceleration stage is avoided.
From the above, it can be seen that: organic acid and soluble salt thereof, alkaline phosphate retarder, slow setting efficiency is low, mixing amount is high, crystal habit of dihydrate gypsum is changed, pore structure is degraded, and negative effect on strength is large; the protein retarder has high retarding efficiency and low mixing amount, does not have obvious influence on the dissolving of semi-hydrated gypsum in an initial stage, the formation of a supersaturated solution of the semi-hydrated gypsum and the growth process of crystal grains in a hydration acceleration stage, has small influence on strength, but has unstable product performance and large batch-to-batch fluctuation, and because the cost of protein raw materials is high, the protein retarder mainly adopts leftovers containing protein components such as animal feathers, bean pulp, corn protein and the like to carry out hydrolysis treatment at present, because the leftovers contain different impurities in each batch of materials and have different protein contents, the quality of the hydrolyzed protein retarder has large fluctuation, and the actual application effect is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, a preparation process of a gypsum retarder is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a preparation process of a gypsum retarder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a gypsum retarder intermediate product
Adding acrylate and aliphatic polyamine into a container, adding a proper amount of catalyst and polymerization inhibitor, and carrying out amidation reaction at the reaction temperature of 100-110 ℃ for 4-6 hours under reflux reaction to form an intermediate product; s2, preparing gypsum retarder mother liquor
Taking the intermediate product prepared in S1 and an aqueous solution formed by olefin sulfonic acid (salt) and water as base materials, adding a chain transfer agent, respectively dropwise adding an initiator, a reducing agent and an acrylic acid monomer, performing free radical copolymerization reaction at normal temperature, controlling the dropwise adding time to be 1-1.5h, continuing to react for 1.5-2h after the dropwise adding is finished to obtain a copolymer, adding an alkaline substance to neutralize until the pH value is 6-8, and obtaining a gypsum retarder mother solution;
s3, preparing gypsum retarder powder
And (3) spray drying the gypsum retarder mother liquor prepared in the step (S2) to form gypsum retarder powder, specifically, conveying the gypsum retarder mother liquor into a spray drying tower, carrying out atomization spraying from an atomizer at the top of the spray drying tower, controlling the temperature of a feed inlet of the spray drying tower to be 180-200 ℃, adding fumed silica to be used as an isolating agent, adjusting the introduction speed of the fumed silica to control the temperature of an air outlet to be 85-95 ℃, cooling the material, and packaging to obtain the gypsum retarder powder.
Through amidation reaction of acrylate and aliphatic polyamine, active intermediate product containing carbonyl, acyl and other radicals is synthesized, and the intermediate product is further copolymerized with olefin sulfonate and acrylic acid monomer to produce macromolecular copolymer retarder with proper molecular weight and introduced sulfonic acid radical and carboxylic acid radical. Firstly, the gypsum retarder reduces the solubility of gypsum and delays the formation of crystal nucleus through the complexing performance of carbonyl, acyl, sulfonic group and carboxylic acid group to calcium ions; secondly, the gypsum retarder improves the complexing strength by controlling the molecular weight of the synthetic polymer, effectively prolongs the setting time under low doping amount, has small molecular weight, is easy to break loose and bind calcium ions, has poor retarding effect and large molecular weight, and is easy to form a precipitate; finally, the gypsum retarder is adsorbed on the surface of gypsum particles, so that the surface of cement particles has the same charge to form electrostatic repulsion, and long side chains generate steric hindrance, so that the water requirement of gypsum can be reduced, and the strength loss caused by the deterioration of a gypsum pore structure can be effectively reduced.
Further, in S1, the acrylate is one of methyl acrylate and hydroxyethyl acrylate;
the aliphatic polyamine is one of N, N' -dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine and N, N-dimethylethylene diamine;
the catalyst is one of dibutyltin dilaurate and dibutyltin oxide, and the dosage of the catalyst is 1.5-3.5% of the total amount of the liquid material;
the polymerization inhibitor is one of benzenediol and phenothiazine, and the dosage of the polymerization inhibitor is 0.1-0.3% of the total amount of the liquid material.
Further, in S1, the molar ratio of the acrylate to the aliphatic polyamine is 1:1-1.5 (mol/mol).
Further, in S2, the following substances in parts by mass are adopted:
water: 60 to 65 portions of
Intermediate product (2): 15-20 parts of
Olefin sulfonic acid (salt): 2 to 4 portions of
Acrylic acid: 15 to 18 portions of
Chain transfer agent: 0.5 to 0.8 portion
Initiator: 0.3 to 0.5 portion
Reducing agent: 0.1-0.2 part.
Further, in S2, the alkene sulfonic acid (salt) is one of sodium styrene sulfonate, sodium allyl sulfonate, and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid;
the chain transfer agent is one of thioglycollic acid, mercaptopropionic acid, mercaptoethanol, isopropanol and sodium hypophosphite;
the initiator is one of ammonium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide;
the reducing agent is one of vitamin C, ferrous sulfate and sodium thiosulfate.
Further, in S2, the molar mass of the copolymer is 1500-3500g/mol.
Further, in S3, the usage amount of the fumed silica is 2-3% of the total amount of the gypsum retarder powder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The raw materials used in the invention are conventional chemical raw materials, the quality of the raw materials is stable and controllable, the process is simple, the whole process flow can be operated in line, and the control difficulty is small, so that the quality of the formed gypsum retarder product is stable and controllable;
(2) The gypsum retarder prepared by the invention achieves the effect of effectively prolonging the setting time by low doping amount through the design of mixing proportion and the control of polymer molecular weight, can effectively reduce the application cost, the addition amount is 0.02-0.03 percent of the total weight of the gypsum, and the initial setting time of the gypsum can reach 100-250 minutes;
(3) The gypsum retarder produced by the invention is doped into gypsum, the delay time increase and the retarder doping amount present a better linear relationship, the setting time of the gypsum can be better adjusted, the influence of the change of the environmental temperature on the delay time is smaller, and the applicability is wide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of S3 of the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1-a heat supply device, 2-a separant storage tank, 3-a gypsum retarder mother liquor storage tank, 4-a delivery pump, 5-a feed inlet, 6-an atomizer, 7-a spray drying device, 8-a blower, 9-an air outlet, 10-a cooling device and 11-a packaging machine.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, which are carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and to provide detailed embodiments and specific procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
A preparation process of a gypsum retarder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a gypsum retarder intermediate product
Adding acrylate and aliphatic polyamine into a container, adding a proper amount of catalyst and polymerization inhibitor, and carrying out amidation reaction at the reaction temperature of 100-110 ℃ for 4-6 hours to form an intermediate product;
s2, preparing gypsum retarder mother liquor
Taking the intermediate product prepared in S1, an aqueous solution formed by alkene sulfonic acid (salt) and water as a base material, adding a chain transfer agent, respectively dropwise adding an initiator, a reducing agent and an acrylic acid monomer, carrying out free radical copolymerization reaction at normal temperature, controlling the dropwise adding time to be 1-1.5h, continuously reacting for 1.5-2h after dropwise adding is finished to obtain a copolymer, adding an alkaline substance to neutralize until the PH is 6-8, and obtaining a gypsum retarder mother liquor;
s3, preparing gypsum retarder powder
And (2) carrying out spray drying on the gypsum retarder mother liquor prepared in the step (S2) to form gypsum retarder powder, specifically, conveying the gypsum retarder mother liquor from a gypsum retarder mother liquor tank 3 to a spray drying device 7 through a conveying pump 4, carrying out atomization spraying from an atomizer 6 at the top of the spray drying device 7, controlling the temperature of a feed inlet 5 of the spray drying device 7 to be 180-200 ℃ through a heating device 1, adding fumed silica serving as an isolating agent to be conveyed from an isolating agent storage tank 2 to the spray drying device 7, adjusting the introducing speed of the fumed silica, supplying air to an air outlet 9 by matching with an air feeder 8, controlling the temperature of the air outlet 9 to be 85-95 ℃, cooling the materials through a cooling device 10, and then packaging the cooled materials in a packaging machine 11 to obtain the gypsum retarder powder.
In S1, the acrylate is methyl acrylate; the aliphatic polyamine is N, N' -dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine; the catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate, and the dosage of the catalyst is 1.5-3.5% of the total amount of the liquid material;
the polymerization inhibitor is benzenediol, and the dosage of the polymerization inhibitor is 0.1-0.3 percent of the total amount of the liquid material.
In S1, the molar ratio of the acrylate to the aliphatic polyamine is 1:1.5 (mol/mol).
In the S2, the following substances in parts by mass are adopted:
water: 60 portions of
Intermediate product (b): 15 portions of
Alkene sulfonic acid (salt): 2 portions of
Acrylic acid: 15 portions of
Chain transfer agent: 0.5 portion
Initiator: 0.3 part
Reducing agent: 0.05 part.
In S2, the olefin sulfonic acid (salt) is sodium styrene sulfonate; the chain transfer agent is thioglycolic acid; the initiator is ammonium persulfate; the reducing agent is ferrous sulfate.
In S2, the molar mass of the copolymer is 1500 to 3500g/mol.
In S3, the usage amount of the fumed silica is 2-3% of the total amount of the gypsum retarder powder.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that:
in S1, the acrylate is hydroxyethyl acrylate; the aliphatic polyamine is N, N-dimethylethylenediamine;
in S1, the molar ratio of the acrylate to the aliphatic polyamine is 1:1.0 (mol/mol).
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that:
in S1, the acrylate is methyl acrylate; the aliphatic polyamine is N, N-dimethylethylenediamine;
in S1, the molar ratio of the acrylate to the aliphatic polyamine is 1:1.2 (mol/mol).
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is that: in the S2, the following substances in parts by mass are adopted:
water: 65 portions of
Intermediate product (2): 15 portions of
Olefin sulfonic acid (salt): 4 portions of
Acrylic acid: 18 portions of
Chain transfer agent: 0.5 portion
Initiator: 0.3 part
Reducing agent: 0.1 part.
Example 5-example 11
Examples 5 to 11 differ from example 1 in the parts by mass of olefin sulfonic acid (salt), acrylic acid, intermediate product in S2 as shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
Substance(s) | Example 5 | Example 6 | Example 7 | Example 8 | Example 9 | Example 10 | Example 11 |
Intermediate product | 20 | 15 | 20 | 15 | 20 | 20 | 15 |
Alkene sulfonic acid (salts) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Acrylic acid | 18 | 15 | 15 | 18 | 18 | 15 | 15 |
To better compare the retarding effect and strength loss of the examples of the present invention with those of the commercial products, the setting time and strength performance tests were performed according to GB/T17669 using the commonly used citric acid and hydrolyzed protein retarders, and the results are shown in Table 2 below:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from examples 1-11, the addition amount of the gypsum retarder prepared by the invention is 0.02-0.03% of the total weight of the gypsum, the initial setting time of the gypsum can reach 100-250 minutes, the setting time is obviously increased in the same addition amount compared with the citric acid and hydrolyzed protein retarder, and the negative effect on the strength of the gypsum is small.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation process of a gypsum retarder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a gypsum retarder intermediate product
Adding acrylate and aliphatic polyamine into a container, adding a proper amount of catalyst and polymerization inhibitor, and carrying out amidation reaction at the reaction temperature of 100-110 ℃ for 4-6 hours under reflux reaction to form an intermediate product;
s2, preparing gypsum retarder mother liquor
Taking the intermediate product prepared in S1 and an aqueous solution formed by olefin sulfonic acid (salt) and water as base materials, adding a chain transfer agent, respectively dropwise adding an initiator, a reducing agent and an acrylic acid monomer, performing free radical copolymerization reaction at normal temperature, controlling the dropwise adding time to be 1-1.5h, continuing to react for 1.5-2h after the dropwise adding is finished to obtain a copolymer, adding an alkaline substance to neutralize until the pH value is 6-8, and obtaining a gypsum retarder mother solution;
s3, preparing gypsum retarder powder
And (3) spray drying the gypsum retarder mother liquor prepared in the step (S2) to form gypsum retarder powder, specifically, conveying the gypsum retarder mother liquor into a spray drying tower, carrying out atomization spraying from an atomizer at the top of the spray drying tower, controlling the temperature of a feed inlet of the spray drying tower to be 180-200 ℃, adding fumed silica to be used as an isolating agent, adjusting the introduction speed of the fumed silica to control the temperature of an air outlet to be 85-95 ℃, cooling the material, and packaging to obtain the gypsum retarder powder.
2. The process for preparing a gypsum retarder according to claim 1, wherein, in S1,
the acrylate is one of methyl acrylate and hydroxyethyl acrylate;
the aliphatic polyamine is one of N, N' -dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine and N, N-dimethylethylene diamine;
the catalyst is one of dibutyltin dilaurate and dibutyltin oxide, and the dosage of the catalyst is 1.5-3.5% of the total amount of the liquid material;
the polymerization inhibitor is one of benzenediol and phenothiazine, and the dosage of the polymerization inhibitor is 0.1-0.3% of the total amount of the liquid material.
3. The process for preparing a gypsum retarder according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the molar ratio of the acrylate to the aliphatic polyamine is 1:1-1.5 (mol/mol).
4. The preparation process of the gypsum retarder according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the following substances are adopted in parts by mass:
water: 60 to 65 portions of
Intermediate product (b): 15 to 20 portions of
Alkene sulfonic acid (salt): 2-4 parts of
Acrylic acid: 15-18 parts of
Chain transfer agent: 0.5 to 0.8 portion
Initiator: 0.3 to 0.5 portion
Reducing agent: 0.1 to 0.2 portion.
5. The process for preparing a gypsum retarder according to claim 1, wherein, in S2,
the olefin sulfonic acid (salt) is one of sodium styrene sulfonate, sodium allyl sulfonate and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid;
the chain transfer agent is one of thioglycollic acid, mercaptopropionic acid, mercaptoethanol, isopropanol and sodium hypophosphite;
the initiator is one of ammonium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide;
the reducing agent is one of vitamin C, ferrous sulfate and sodium thiosulfate.
6. The process for preparing the gypsum retarder according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the molar mass of the copolymer is 1500-3500g/mol.
7. The process for preparing the gypsum retarder according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the amount of the fumed silica is 2-3% of the total amount of the gypsum retarder powder.
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