CN115650376B - DSA electrode based on phenolic resin assistance and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
DSA electrode based on phenolic resin assistance and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a DSA electrode based on phenolic resin assistance and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the DSA electrode based on phenolic resin assistance consists of a titanium metal matrix, a carbon intermediate layer and an active metal oxide layer loaded on the carbon intermediate layer; the loading amount of carbon is 1-30% by taking the mass of the titanium metal matrix as 100%; the loading capacity of the active metal oxide is 2-50%; the carbon in the carbon interlayer is obtained by carbonizing a thermoplastic or thermosetting resol resin in an inert atmosphere at high temperature. The DSA electrode prepared by the invention based on the assistance of the phenolic resin shows good reaction activity and stability in a phenol degradation experiment: the degradation rate of phenol in 1 hour can reach 98.7%, and the electrode is not obviously inactivated after 20 times of repeated reaction. The forming process of the DSA electrode based on the assistance of the phenolic resin can be realized under a relatively mild condition, and compared with the existing process, the forming process has the advantages of simple equipment, low energy consumption, convenience for enlarged production and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment, and particularly relates to a DSA electrode based on phenolic resin assistance, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The electrochemical advanced oxidation method is a high-efficiency green organic waste water treatment method, mainly utilizes free-state or adsorption-state oxygen-containing free radical (such as. O) produced by water in anode electrolysis 2- OH, etc.) to mineralize and degrade organic substances. Wherein the water is inThe oxygen evolution reaction at the anode becomes the main competitive reaction that limits the generation of oxygen-containing radicals, which in turn affects the mineralization current efficiency of the electrolysis reaction. Therefore, the development of an anodic electrocatalytic material having a high oxygen evolution potential is currently an important issue.
DSA (dimensional Stable Anode) electrodes, also known as form-Stable electrodes, mainly refer to metal oxide coated electrodes with metal titanium as a substrate. The DSA electrode has stable performance, long service life and better electrocatalysis performance, and is an ideal electrocatalysis anode material in electrochemical water treatment. Tin antimony oxide, ruthenium oxide, iridium oxide, lead oxide, manganese oxide, and the like are main metal oxides used for the DAS electrode coating. The preparation process of the DSA electrode can be divided into 4 parts of substrate treatment, coating liquid preparation, coating, sintering and the like, wherein the method for coating the metal oxide mainly comprises thermal decomposition, sol-gel, electrodeposition, sputtering and the like.
Oxides such as titanium suboxide, tin oxide and lead oxide are anode materials with high conductivity and high oxygen evolution potential, and are commonly used as active layers of DSA electrodes in electrochemical advanced oxidation reactions. In the existing DSA electrode forming process, in order to prevent the falling of an active layer and the oxidation of the surface of titanium metal, oxides of heavy metals such as Pb, sn, sb, ti, ru, ir and the like are mostly required to be added as an intermediate layer in a pyrolysis or electroplating mode, and the further development of the DSA electrode is restricted by the high cost and the environmental pollution. In recent years, high-temperature plasma spraying or plasma sintering technology is gradually applied to the formation of electrodes, but the high equipment cost and energy consumption cost also limit the engineering application of the electrode. Therefore, the development of a novel DSA electrode forming process with low energy consumption and low cost has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a DSA electrode based on phenolic resin assistance and a preparation method thereof, and is used for electrochemical degradation of organic wastewater. High-temp carbonization of phenolic resin to replace SnO 2 -Sb、PbO 2 And the heavy metal oxide is used as a novel intermediate layer. The formed compact conductive carbon layer can effectively protect the internal metal substrate and can be uniform and stableThe oxide-based catalyst is supported on a fixed basis. The precipitation and secondary pollution of heavy metal ions are avoided essentially, and the activity and stability of the DSA electrode to the electrochemical oxidation reaction are effectively improved.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a DSA electrode based on assistance of phenolic resin consists of a titanium metal matrix, a carbon intermediate layer and an active metal oxide layer loaded on the carbon intermediate layer;
the titanium metal substrate is one of a titanium metal plate, titanium foam and a titanium mesh;
the active metal oxide is one or more of titanium oxide, tin oxide, lead oxide, ruthenium oxide, iridium oxide and tantalum oxide.
Preferably, the loading amount (mass) of the carbon is 1 to 30% based on 100% by mass of the titanium metal substrate; the loading amount (mass) of the active metal oxide is 2-50%.
Preferably, the carbon in the carbon interlayer is carbonized from a thermoplastic or thermosetting resole resin in an inert atmosphere at high temperature.
Preferably, the phenolic resin is water or organic solvent soluble and has a number average molecular weight of between 1000 and 3000.
The preparation method of the DSA electrode based on the assistance of the phenolic resin comprises the following steps:
s1: taking a titanium metal substrate, and firstly polishing the titanium metal substrate by using sand paper until the surface is bright; then placing the mixture in 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution to heat in a water bath at 85-95 ℃ for 1-2 hours; finally, placing the metal into 10-20wt% oxalic acid solution, heating in water bath at 85-95 ℃ for 2-4 hours, and etching the metal surface into a rough marl surface; taking out and storing in absolute ethyl alcohol for later use.
S2: dissolving soluble phenolic resin in water or organic solvent, adding the active metal oxide powder after uniform dissolution, carrying out ultrasonic homogenization, immersing the etched titanium metal matrix in the S1 into the phenolic resin solution, taking out, drying and curing at 80-150 ℃ for 30min, repeating the process for 5-20 times, and adjusting the curing temperature of the last time to 150-180 ℃.
S3: and (3) calcining the sample obtained in the step (S2) in an inert atmosphere, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the calcining temperature is 600-1000 ℃, and the calcining time is controlled to be 1-4 hours.
Preferably, in the step S2, the mass ratio of the phenolic resin to the active metal oxide is 1 (1-5); the amount of water or organic solvent is 2-10 times of the total mass of the phenolic resin and the active metal oxide.
Preferably, in step S2, the organic solvent is one or more of absolute ethanol, isopropanol, and acetone.
Preferably, in step S2, the ultrasound time is 1 to 2 hours.
Preferably, in step S3, the calcination temperature is 750 to 850 ℃ and the calcination time is 2 to 4 hours.
The DSA electrode based on the assistance of the phenolic resin is applied to the electrochemical degradation of organic wastewater.
Preferably, the application of the DSA electrode based on the assistance of the phenolic resin in degrading phenol wastewater comprises the following steps: DSA electrode and titanium metal plate are respectively used as working electrode and counter electrode for reaction, the electrode distance is 3cm, and the current density is controlled to be 10-25mA/cm 2 The phenol concentration was 100mg/L.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention relates to a preparation method of DSA electrode based on phenolic resin assistance, which is characterized in that phenolic resin is carbonized at high temperature and then replaces SnO 2 -Sb or PbO 2 The heavy metal oxide is used as a novel intermediate layer; the formed compact conductive carbon layer improves the binding force of the active layer and the titanium metal matrix, and effectively avoids the falling of the surface active layer and the oxidation of the titanium metal matrix.
(2) According to the DSA electrode based on phenolic resin assistance, active metal oxide particles on the surface of the DSA electrode are uniformly and stably loaded on the conductive carbon intermediate layer, so that agglomeration and sintering of catalyst particles under a high-temperature condition in the prior art are effectively avoided, and higher quality activity is reflected.
(3) The DSA electrode based on the assistance of the phenolic resin shows good reaction activity and stability in a phenol degradation experiment: the degradation rate of phenol in 1 hour can reach 98.7%, and the electrode is not obviously inactivated after 20 times of repeated reaction. Therefore, the forming process of the DSA electrode based on the assistance of the phenolic resin can be realized under a relatively mild condition, and compared with the existing process, the forming process has the advantages of simple equipment, low energy consumption, convenience for enlarged production and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a CV diagram of the titanium suboxide DSA electrode prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a CV diagram of the titanium suboxide DSA electrode prepared in example 2.
Fig. 3 is a CV diagram of the tin antimony dioxide DSA electrode prepared in comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained and illustrated with reference to specific examples, but the present application is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
A preparation and application method of a DSA electrode assisted by phenolic resin comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting the foamed titanium into 10 × 20 mm long pieces, and firstly, polishing the long pieces with sand paper until the surfaces are bright; then placing the mixture in 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution to heat in a water bath at 85 ℃ for 1 hour; finally, placing the metal into 10wt% oxalic acid solution, heating in water bath at 85 ℃ for 2 hours, and etching the metal surface into a rough ramie grey surface; taking out and storing in absolute ethyl alcohol for later use.
(2) Dissolving 0.15 g of phenolic resin (thermoplastic phenolic resin with the number average molecular weight of 1200) in 5 ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, adding 0.3 g of titanium dioxide powder after uniform dissolution, and carrying out ultrasonic homogenization for 1 hour; immersing the etched titanium foam in the step (1) into the phenolic resin solution, taking out, drying and curing at 120 ℃ for 30min, repeating the process for 10 times, and adjusting the curing temperature of the last time to 150 ℃.
(3) And (3) placing the sample obtained in the step (2) in a nitrogen atmosphere for calcination, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the calcination temperature is 800 ℃, and the calcination time is controlled to be 2 hours, so that the titanium dioxide DSA electrode is obtained.
(4) The electrode parameters are measured by adopting a cyclic voltammetry method and taking Ag/AgCl as a reference electrode, FIG. 1 is a CV curve diagram of the titanium suboxide DSA electrode prepared in the embodiment 1, and it can be seen from the CV curve that an obvious oxidation peak appears at the position of 1.6V and can be attributed to the oxidation reaction of the titanium suboxide electrode on phenol; and the electrode is stable during 50 CV scans, which proves that the electrode has good stability.
The obtained titanium dioxide DSA electrode and the titanium metal plate are respectively used as a working electrode and a counter electrode for reaction, the electrode spacing is 3cm, the phenol concentration is 100mg/L, the obtained titanium dioxide DSA electrode and the titanium metal plate are respectively used as the working electrode and the counter electrode for reaction, the electrode spacing is 3cm, and the current density is controlled to be 10 mA/cm 2 The phenol concentration was 100mg/L. The electrode plate needs to be pre-polarized for 2 hours before the reaction starts, and the phenol degradation rate reaches 98.4 percent after the reaction is carried out for 3 hours. Furthermore, the electrode plate can still reach 97.1 percent of degradation rate after repeated reaction for 20 rounds.
Example 2
A preparation and application method of a DSA electrode assisted by phenolic resin comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting the titanium mesh into 10 x 20 mm long pieces, and firstly polishing the titanium mesh with sand paper until the surface is bright; then placing the mixture in 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution to heat in a water bath at 85 ℃ for 1 hour; finally, placing the metal into 10wt% oxalic acid solution, heating in water bath at 85 ℃ for 2 hours, and etching the metal surface into a rough ramie grey surface; taking out and storing in absolute ethyl alcohol for later use.
(2) Dissolving 0.15 g of phenolic resin (thermoplastic phenolic resin with the number average molecular weight of 1200) in 5 ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, adding 0.3 g of titanium dioxide powder after uniform dissolution, and carrying out ultrasonic homogenization for 1 hour; and (3) immersing the etched titanium mesh in the step (1) into the phenolic resin solution, taking out, drying and curing at 120 ℃ for 30min, repeating the process for 10 times, and adjusting the curing temperature of the last time to 150 ℃.
(3) And (3) placing the sample obtained in the step (2) in a nitrogen atmosphere for calcination, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the calcination temperature is 800 ℃, and the calcination time is controlled to be 2 hours, so that the titanium dioxide DSA electrode is obtained.
(4) The electrode parameters were measured using cyclic voltammetry with Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode, and fig. 2 is a CV graph of the titanium suboxide DSA electrode prepared in example 2, from which it can be seen that an obvious phenol oxidation peak appears at 1.6V.
Respectively taking titanium protoxide DSA electrode and a titanium metal plate as a working electrode and a counter electrode for reaction, wherein the electrode spacing is 3cm, and the current density is controlled to be 25mA/cm 2 The phenol concentration was 100mg/L. The electrode plate needs to be pre-polarized for 2 hours before the reaction starts, and the phenol degradation rate reaches 98.7 percent after the reaction is carried out for 1 hour. Furthermore, the degradation rate of the electrode slice can still reach 97.7% after repeated reaction for 20 rounds, which indicates that the titanium dioxide DSA electrode has high activity and stability.
Example 3
A preparation and application method of a DSA electrode assisted by phenolic resin comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting the foamed titanium into 10 × 20 mm long pieces, and firstly, polishing the long pieces with sand paper until the surfaces are bright; then placing the mixture in 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution to heat in a water bath at 85 ℃ for 1 hour; finally, placing the metal into 10wt% oxalic acid solution, heating in water bath at 85 ℃ for 2 hours, and etching the metal surface into a rough ramie grey surface; taking out and storing in absolute ethyl alcohol for later use.
(2) Dissolving 0.15 g of phenolic resin (thermoplastic phenolic resin with the number average molecular weight of 1200) in 5 ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, adding 0.3 g of SnO after uniform dissolution 2 Carrying out ultrasonic homogenization on the Sb powder, wherein the ultrasonic time is 1 hour; immersing the etched titanium foam in the step (1) into the phenolic resin solution, taking out, drying and curing at 120 ℃ for 30min, repeating the process for 10 times, and adjusting the curing temperature of the last time to 150 ℃.
(3) And (3) placing the sample obtained in the step (2) in a nitrogen atmosphere for calcination, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the calcination temperature is 800 ℃, and the calcination time is controlled to be 2 hours, so that the tin antimony DSA electrode is obtained.
(4) The obtained tin antimony dioxide DSA electrode and the titanium metal plate are respectively used as a working electrode and a counter electrode for reaction, the electrode spacing is 3cm, and the current density is controlled to be 10 mA/cm 2 The phenol concentration was 100mg/L. The electrode plates need to be pre-polarized for 2 hours before the reaction starts, and the phenol degradation rate reaches 97.4 percent after the reaction is carried out for 3 hours. Further, the method comprisesThe degradation rate of the electrode plate can still reach 96.0 percent after repeated reaction for 20 rounds.
Example 4
A preparation and application method of a DSA electrode assisted by phenolic resin comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting a titanium metal plate into 10-20 mm long pieces, and polishing the surface of the long pieces with sand paper until the surface is bright; then placing the mixture in 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution to heat in a water bath at 85 ℃ for 1 hour; finally, placing the metal into 10wt% oxalic acid solution, heating in water bath at 85 ℃ for 2 hours, and etching the metal surface into a rough ramie grey surface; taking out and storing in absolute ethyl alcohol for later use.
(2) Dissolving 0.15 g of phenolic resin (thermosetting resol resin with the number average molecular weight of 3000) in 4 ml of isopropanol, adding 0.3 g of lead dioxide powder after uniform dissolution, and carrying out ultrasonic homogenization for 1 hour; and (3) immersing the etched titanium plate in the step (1) into the phenolic resin solution, taking out, drying and curing at 120 ℃ for 30min, repeating the process for 10 times, and adjusting the curing temperature of the last time to 150 ℃.
(3) And (3) placing the sample obtained in the step (2) in a nitrogen atmosphere for calcination, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the calcination temperature is 800 ℃, and the calcination time is controlled to be 2 hours, so that the lead dioxide DSA electrode is obtained.
(4) The obtained lead dioxide DSA electrode and the titanium metal plate are respectively used as a working electrode and a counter electrode for reaction, the electrode spacing is 3cm, and the current density is controlled to be 20 mA/cm 2 The phenol concentration was 100mg/L. The electrode plate needs to be pre-polarized for 2 hours before the reaction starts, and the phenol degradation rate reaches 95.7 percent after the reaction is carried out for 1 hour. Furthermore, the electrode plate can still reach 94.1 percent of degradation rate after repeated reaction for 20 rounds.
Comparative example 1
Titanium-based titanium suboxide electrode (Ti/Ti) prepared in this comparative example 4 O 7 ) Directly spraying the titanium plate on the surface of the titanium plate by a plasma spraying method and testing the performance of the titanium plate for oxidizing phenol by electrochemistry:
(1) Pretreatment of a titanium substrate: the titanium plate was cut into 10 × 20 mm long pieces and ultrasonically cleaned with acetone for 30 minutes. Both sides were then grit blasted at an angle of 60 ° and a grit blasting distance of 50 mm.
(2) The spraying process comprises the following steps: argon gas was introduced into the vacuum chamber until the pressure reached 10 KPa. And (3) spraying by using a plasma spraying system, wherein the arc current is 700A, the voltage is 80V, the spraying distance is 100 mm, and the electrode plate is taken out for standby after being cooled.
(3) The Ti/Ti obtained in the step (2) 4 O 7 The electrode and the titanium metal plate were used as a working electrode and a counter electrode, respectively, and the test conditions were the same as in example 2 (4). After the reaction lasts for 1 hour, the phenol degradation rate is 83.4 percent, and after 20 times of repeated reaction, the phenol degradation rate is only 45.5 percent.
Comparing example 2 with comparative example 1, it can be seen that the electrode prepared by plasma spray coating titanium suboxide powder on a titanium substrate has poor stability and activity, and the electrode is severely deactivated after 20 cycles of repeated reaction.
Comparative example 2
Ti/SnO produced in this comparative example 2 -Sb/Ti 4 O 7 Electrodes in Ti/SnO 2 -Sb surface coating with Ti 4 O 7 Active layer and test of its performance in electrochemical oxidation of phenol:
(1) 50 microliters of 5% Nafion and 10 mgTi were added 4 O 7 Adding the mixture into 0.5 ml absolute ethyl alcohol, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes to prepare the electrode coating liquid.
(2) Mixing Ti/SnO 2 Ultrasonically cleaning Sb (10 x 20 mm) with acetone for 30 minutes, drying, dripping the coating liquid obtained in the step (1) on the surface of the Sb, and drying again to obtain the Ti/SnO 2 -Sb/Ti 4 O 7 And an electrode.
(3) The electrode parameters were measured by cyclic voltammetry using Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, FIG. 3 is Ti/SnO prepared in this comparative example 2 2 -Sb/Ti 4 O 7 CV diagram of the electrode, from CV diagram can be seen, in 1.6V appears obvious phenol oxidation peak, but due to Nafion film layer high resistivity, anode current density is lower.
The Ti/SnO obtained in the step (2) 2 -Sb/Ti 4 O 7 The electrode and the titanium metal plate were used as a working electrode and a counter electrode, respectively, and the test conditions were the same as in example 2 (4). The reaction was continued for 1 hourThe degradation rate of the post phenol is 90.4 percent, the Nafion film layer on the surface of the electrode falls off after 10 times of repeated reaction, and the electrode is inactivated.
Comparison of example 2 with comparative example 2 shows that SnO 2 Ti/SnO with Sb as intermediate layer 2 -Sb/Ti 4 O 7 The stability of the electrode is poor, and the surface active layer falls off after 10 repeated reactions, so that the electrode is inactivated.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of the phenol resin-assisted DSA electrode was the same as that of example 2, except that the phenol resin (thermoplastic phenol resin, number average molecular weight 1200) was replaced with the phenol resin (thermoplastic phenol resin, number average molecular weight 6000) in step (2).
The prepared titanium dioxide DSA electrode and the titanium metal plate are respectively used as a working electrode and a counter electrode for reaction, the electrode spacing is 3cm, and the current density is controlled to be 25mA/cm 2 The phenol concentration was 100mg/L. The electrode plate needs to be pre-polarized for 2 hours before the reaction starts, and the phenol degradation rate is 81.3 percent after the reaction is carried out for 1 hour. The electrode slice has a degradation rate of 61.5% after repeated reaction for 20 rounds.
Comparative example 4
The preparation method of the DSA electrode assisted by the phenolic resin is the same as that of example 2, except for the step (2), and the specific operation of the step (2) of the comparative example is as follows:
dissolving 0.15 g of phenolic resin (thermoplastic resol resin with the number average molecular weight of 1200) in 5 ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, adding 0.3 g of titanium dioxide powder after uniform dissolution, and carrying out ultrasonic homogenization for 1 hour; and (3) immersing the etched titanium mesh in the step (1) into the phenolic resin solution, taking out, drying and curing at 120 ℃ for 30min, repeating the process for 3 times, and adjusting the curing temperature of the last time to 150 ℃.
Titanium dioxide DSA electrode and titanium metal plate are respectively used as a working electrode and a counter electrode for reaction, the electrode spacing is 3cm, and the current density is controlled to be 25mA/cm 2 The phenol concentration was 100mg/L. The electrode plate needs to be pre-polarized for 2 hours before the reaction starts, and the phenol degradation rate reaches 91.7 percent after the reaction is carried out for 1 hour. The electrode plate has a degradation rate of 74.3% after repeated reaction for 20 rounds.
Through the examples and the comparative examples, the DSA electrode based on the assistance of the phenolic resin prepared by the invention is a novel efficient and stable DSA electrode. The phenolic resin is carbonized at high temperature to serve as a novel intermediate layer, the formed compact conductive carbon layer can enhance the binding force between the active layer and the titanium substrate, the falling of the surface active layer and the oxidation of the titanium metal substrate are effectively avoided, and a new thought is provided for the forming of the titanium suboxide electrode.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention; those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications and alterations without departing from the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes, modifications and alterations to the disclosed technology are equivalent embodiments of the present invention; meanwhile, any changes, modifications, and evolutions of the equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the actual techniques of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A DSA electrode based on phenolic resin is supplementary, its characterized in that:
the composite material consists of a titanium metal matrix, a carbon intermediate layer and an active metal oxide layer loaded on the carbon intermediate layer;
the titanium metal substrate is one of a titanium metal plate and a titanium mesh;
the active metal oxide is one or more of titanium oxide, tin oxide, lead oxide, ruthenium oxide, iridium oxide and tantalum oxide;
the phenolic resin has solubility of water or organic solvent, and the number average molecular weight of the phenolic resin is between 1000 and 3000;
the carbon in the carbon intermediate layer is obtained by carbonizing a thermoplastic or thermosetting resol resin in a high-temperature inert atmosphere;
the preparation method of the DSA electrode based on the assistance of the phenolic resin comprises the following steps:
s1: taking a titanium metal substrate, and firstly polishing the titanium metal substrate by using sand paper until the surface is bright; then putting the mixture into 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution, and heating the mixture in water bath at the temperature of 85-95 ℃ for 1-2 hours; finally, placing the metal into 10-20wt% oxalic acid solution, heating in water bath at 85-95 ℃ for 2-4 hours, and etching the metal surface into a rough ramie grey surface; taking out and storing in absolute ethyl alcohol for later use;
s2: dissolving soluble phenolic resin in water or an organic solvent, adding active metal oxide powder after uniform dissolution, carrying out ultrasonic homogenization, immersing the etched titanium metal matrix in the S1 into the phenolic resin solution, taking out, drying and curing at 80-150 ℃ for 30min, repeating the process for 5-20 times, and adjusting the curing temperature of the last time to 150-180 ℃;
s3: and (3) calcining the sample obtained in the step (S2) in an inert atmosphere, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the calcining temperature is 600-1000 ℃, and the calcining time is controlled to be 1-4 hours.
2. The DSA electrode of claim 1, wherein: the loading amount of the carbon is 1-30% by taking the mass of the titanium metal matrix as 100%; the loading amount of the active metal oxide is 2-50%.
3. The DSA electrode of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the mass ratio of the phenolic resin to the active metal oxide is 1 (1-5); the amount of water or organic solvent is 2-10 times of the total mass of the phenolic resin and the active metal oxide.
4. The DSA electrode of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the organic solvent is one or more of absolute ethanol, isopropanol, and acetone.
5. The DSA electrode of claim 1 wherein the sonication time in step S2 is 1-2 hours.
6. The DSA electrode of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the calcination temperature is 750-850 ℃ and the calcination time is 2-4 hours.
7. Use of the DSA electrode based on phenolic resin assist of any of claims 1-2 in electrochemical degradation of organic wastewater.
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