CN115649222A - Emergency braking device and method for high-speed train - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed train braking, and discloses a high-speed train emergency braking device and a high-speed train emergency braking method. The invention has the following advantages and effects: the emergency braking device for the high-speed train is characterized in that the support is arranged on the chassis of the train, and the support is arranged on the chassis of the train. The emergency brake device of the high-speed train can be integrally disassembled for maintenance, maintenance and replacement. The emergency braking device for the high-speed train can be applied to the high-speed train, low-speed trains, subways, trams and other rail vehicles, effectively shortens the braking distance of the train during emergency braking, and effectively protects the life and property safety of people on the high-speed train.

Description

Emergency braking device and method for high-speed train

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rail train braking, in particular to an emergency braking device and method for a high-speed train.

Background

The high-speed train is also called a high-speed train, and refers to a train capable of continuously running at a high speed, and the maximum running speed generally reaches more than 200 Km/h. The high-speed train belongs to a modern high-speed transportation tool, can greatly improve the speed of the train so as to improve the transportation efficiency of the train, and has the advantages of high speed, large transportation capacity, safety, comfort, cleanness, environmental protection and the like.

With the increasing speed of high-speed trains, the requirements on the braking performance of the trains are correspondingly increased. At present, electro-pneumatic braking is generally adopted for braking of high-speed trains, when emergency braking cannot be achieved through electro-pneumatic braking under special conditions, air braking is needed, the disc surface of a brake disc is stressed and heated in air braking, if the braking process is too much, cracks can appear on the brake disc under the action of heat and force, and traffic accidents are easily caused. Meanwhile, the existing braking mode has longer braking distance and cannot meet the demand of the train with higher and higher speed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an emergency braking device for a high-speed train, which has the effect of emergency braking for the high-speed train.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the emergency braking device for the high-speed train comprises a support, a lifting driving mechanism and a frictional resistance part, wherein the lifting driving mechanism is arranged on the support, the frictional resistance part is connected with the lifting driving mechanism, the lifting driving mechanism is used for driving the frictional resistance part to fall and then contact with a track, and the frictional resistance part is used for applying braking resistance to the high-speed train.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, high speed train emergency braking device's support installs additional on the high speed train chassis, and when high speed train needs emergency braking, after lifting drive mechanism drive friction resistance portion descends, frictional force produced behind the friction resistance portion contact track, friction resistance portion exerts braking resistance to the high speed train, and the pulling high speed train deceleration plays the effect of quick braking. The emergency braking device for the high-speed train can be matched with an emergency braking system of the train to brake together, so that the braking distance is greatly shortened.

When the friction resistance part descends and contacts with the track, the friction form between the friction resistance part and the track can be rolling friction or sliding friction.

The invention is further provided with: the lifting driving mechanism comprises a first driving lifting mechanism, the friction resistance part comprises a first friction part, the first driving lifting mechanism is used for driving the first friction part to lift, the first friction part comprises a first seat body, a rotatable roller is installed on the first seat body, the roller is used for contacting with a train wheel, a friction plate is arranged on the bottom surface of the first seat body or a first resistance wheel positioned at the bottom of the first seat body and a first motor connected with the first resistance wheel are installed on the first seat body.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when high-speed train needs emergency braking, first resistance wheel of drive rotates after first motor circular telegram starts, rotates the back outage in the twinkling of an eye, is convenient for with the rail rapid draing contact. The first driving lifting mechanism drives the first base to descend and then to be located in front of the train wheels, the first resistance wheels are in contact with the track, and the rollers are in contact with the train wheels. The first base can be pressed down by the first driving lifting mechanism to enable acting force to be generated between the first resistance wheel and the rail or between the friction plate and the rail, or the train wheels can contact the rollers to apply acting force to the rollers, and the rollers press down the first base after being stressed to enable acting force to be generated between the first resistance wheel and the rail or between the friction plate and the rail.

When the friction plate is arranged on the bottom surface of the first seat body, the friction plate generates friction force after contacting with the track.

When first resistance wheel is installed at the bottom of the first seat body, acting force is generated between the first resistance wheel and the track, the first resistance wheel drives the first motor to idle, and resistance is provided by the first motor. Multiple sets of first motors of different powers may also be employed.

The invention is further provided with: the roller is used for pressing the first base body downwards after being subjected to the action force of the train wheels.

The invention is further configured as follows: the number of the rollers is a plurality, at least one roller is not lower than the axis of the train wheel, and at least one roller is not higher than the axis of the train wheel.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, at the high-speed train just start-up stage, be located the emergency braking device in train wheel rear, first drive elevating system drive first pedestal decline back, first motor drive first resistance wheel rotates, and first resistance wheel rotates and forms the helping hand, and the gyro wheel on the first pedestal contacts the train wheel and promotes forward, plays the effect of the quick start-up of helping hand high-speed train.

The number of the rollers is a plurality, at least one roller is not higher than the axis of the train wheel, and at least one roller is not lower than the axis of the train wheel, so that the rollers can better push the train to advance, and the train wheels are not easy to generate larger acting force of pushing up or pressing down.

The invention is further configured as follows: the bottom surface of the first seat body is provided with a resistance reducing layer, and the friction plate is located below the resistance reducing layer.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, high-speed train is at the emergency braking in-process, if the situation such as friction disc wearing and tearing break appears, cause sliding friction inefficacy, and first pedestal generally can adopt metal material such as steel when actually making, first pedestal probably produces the destruction effect to the track after with the track contact, consequently set up at first pedestal bottom surface and subtract the resistance layer, the resistance layer adopts smoothly, the less material of coefficient of friction, subtract resistance layer and track direct contact under the situation that the friction disc damage became invalid, play and reduce the resistance, protect the track, reduce the potential safety hazard, improve the effect of emergency braking process security.

The invention is further provided with: the first friction part further comprises a base, the first driving lifting mechanism is connected with the base, the first base is connected to the base in a sliding mode, the base is provided with a first elastic piece, and the elastic force of the first elastic piece acts on the first base to drive the first base to be far away from the train wheels.

By adopting the technical scheme, when the high-speed train needs emergency braking, the first driving lifting mechanism drives the base to descend, the base drives the first base body to descend, and the first base body and the roller cannot be contacted with or collided with the train wheels before the friction plate or the first resistance wheel on the first base body is contacted with the track. After the friction plate on the first seat body or the first resistance wheel contacts the track, the friction force generated by the track on the friction plate or the friction force generated by the track on the first resistance wheel is opposite to the advancing direction of the train, the first seat body is driven to be close to the wheels of the train, the roller is contacted with the wheels of the train, the braking resistance is conveniently applied to the wheels of the train, and the emergency braking of the high-speed train is realized. The contact of the rolling wheels capable of rotating and the train wheels reduces the abrasion of the train wheels.

The invention is further provided with: the lifting motion track of the first friction part is inclined when the first friction part is driven by the first driving lifting mechanism.

By adopting the technical scheme, the lifting motion track of the first friction part is inclined, and firstly, the first friction part is positioned below the chassis when in a lifting state, and cannot be positioned right in front of train wheels, so that the layout of the train chassis is not influenced; and secondly, the descending process of the first friction part is inclined, and the first friction part can also descend rapidly, so that the requirement of emergency braking is met.

The invention is further provided with: the device comprises a control unit and a second sensor, wherein the second sensor is used for monitoring the pressure between a first friction part and a track, and the second sensor and a first driving lifting mechanism are connected with the control unit.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the frictional force that receives when first friction portion and track contact is too big, when the braking resistance that causes it to exert to the train wheel is too big, can lead to two problems: first, when a high-speed train is braked too fast during high-speed operation, personnel on the train can be easily injured, especially on the high-speed train transporting passengers. Secondly, the train wheels may move to the upper part of the first seat body and the roller when the resistance of the first friction part is too large, and potential safety hazards such as derailment exist.

In view of this, set up the safe pressure value in the control unit, the second sensor detects the pressure value between first friction part and the track, and transmits to the control unit. When the pressure value exceeds the safe pressure value, the control unit controls the first driving lifting mechanism to act, adjusts the first friction part to rise, reduces the friction force applied to the first friction part by reducing the acting force between the first friction part and the rail, and accordingly reduces the braking resistance applied to the train wheels by the first friction part.

The invention is further provided with: the lifting driving mechanism comprises a second driving lifting mechanism, the friction resistance part comprises a second friction part, the second friction part comprises a second base body, a second resistance wheel installed on the second base body, and a second motor connected with the second resistance wheel, the second driving lifting mechanism is used for driving the second base body to lift, the second base body is connected with a first steel wire rope, and the first steel wire rope is used for being connected with a train chassis.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, second drive elevating system installs additional on the train chassis, and second friction position is located between two wheels. At present, the train can move in a reversing way, namely, the train can run in the forward direction and can also run in the reverse direction, so that the number of the first steel wire ropes is at least two, the first steel wire ropes extend along the front and back directions of the second seat body respectively and then are fixed on a train chassis, and the high-speed train can run along two directions of a track.

When the high-speed train needs emergency braking, the second motor drives the second resistance wheel to rotate after being electrified, and the power is cut off after the second motor rotates instantly, so that the second motor is convenient to rotate and contact with the rail quickly. The second driving lifting mechanism drives the second base to descend, the second resistance wheel of the second base contacts with the rail and generates friction force between the second resistance wheel and the rail, the second resistance wheel drives the second motor to idle, the second motor provides resistance, the second resistance wheel sequentially passes through the second base and the first steel wire rope to pull the train chassis, braking resistance is applied to the high-speed train, the high-speed train is rapidly decelerated, and emergency braking is achieved.

The invention is further provided with: the second seat body is connected with a second steel wire rope, and the second steel wire rope is used for being connected with a train compartment.

By adopting the technical scheme, the number of the second steel wire ropes is preferably at least two, and the second steel wire ropes extend along the front direction and the rear direction of the second seat body respectively and then are connected and fixed with the train compartment. When the first steel wire rope applies braking resistance to the train chassis, the second steel wire rope also applies braking resistance to the train carriage, so that the separation of the train carriage and the chassis in the emergency braking process is avoided, and the safety of emergency braking is improved.

The invention is further configured as follows: the number of the second resistance wheels is multiple, the second resistance wheels are distributed on two sides of the second seat body in pairs, two second resistance wheel axles which are oppositely arranged are connected or disconnected, and the number of the second motors is one or more.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, second resistance wheel distributes in second pedestal both sides, corresponds two tracks of high-speed train below respectively.

The invention is further provided with: the upper end of the second driving lifting mechanism is movably connected to the support.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, second friction portion contact track back, the track can order about second friction portion to the frictional force that second friction portion produced and produce certain relative motion for the train chassis, and second drive elevating system installs on the support, and the support is installed on the train chassis, if the relation of connection of second drive elevating system and support is together fixed, can produce the effort to second drive elevating system when second friction portion is relative train chassis motion, causes second drive elevating system and train chassis junction impaired easily. The upper end of the second driving lifting mechanism is movably connected to the bracket, and the movable connection can be in a universal ball joint connection and hinge connection mode, so that a certain front and back movable space can be provided.

The invention is further configured as follows: the bracket is provided with a second elastic piece, and the elasticity of the second elastic piece acts on the second seat body to keep the second seat body moving downwards.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, second friction portion is at the emergency braking in-process, and the unable fine laminating of second resistance wheel produces frictional force on the track under following two kinds of situations, and then influences the braking effect: one is jolt about and rock the time-out second resistance wheel and can't laminate the track well, and it is second can produce the clearance with the track after the second resistance wheel wearing and tearing, also can't laminate on the track fine. Therefore, the second elastic piece is arranged, the elastic force of the second elastic piece acts on the second seat body, the second seat body always keeps the trend of moving downwards, after the second seat body jolts up and down or the second resistance wheel is worn, the elastic force of the second elastic piece acts on the second seat body, the second seat body always keeps the trend of moving downwards, the second resistance wheel is attached to the track, and the maximum downward elastic stroke must be within a safety range.

The invention is further provided with: the lifting driving mechanism comprises a plurality of second driving lifting mechanisms, and the friction part comprises a plurality of second friction parts.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, second drive elevating system, second friction portion quantity can be a plurality ofly.

The invention is further provided with: the support comprises a suspension beam, two ends of the suspension beam are respectively used for being flexibly connected to the train chassis, and the lifting driving mechanism is installed on the suspension beam.

By adopting the technical scheme, the suspension beam is flexibly connected to the firm part of the train chassis, so that a certain moving space can be provided. The attachment location may be selected to be a solid location on the train chassis around the axle.

The invention is further provided with: the device comprises a lifting driving mechanism and a control unit, and is characterized by further comprising the control unit and a first sensor, wherein the first sensor is used for monitoring the pressure between two adjacent train carriages, and the first sensor is connected with the lifting driving mechanism.

By adopting the technical scheme, the high-speed train comprises a plurality of carriages, the emergency braking device for the high-speed train is arranged below each carriage, and the first sensor is used for starting to release the braking resistance of the previous carriage when the braking resistance of the previous carriage is far greater than that of the next carriage.

The invention is further provided with: the bracket is provided with an electromagnet, and the electromagnet is used for adsorbing the frictional resistance part.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the normal in-process that traveles of high speed train, the electro-magnet adsorbs frictional resistance portion fixedly, avoids frictional resistance portion unexpected under circumstances such as lift actuating mechanism trouble to drop. When emergency braking is needed, the electromagnet loosens the friction resistance part, and the lifting driving mechanism drives the friction resistance part to descend and then to contact the track, so that the emergency braking is realized.

The invention is further configured as follows: the front side and the rear side of the frictional resistance part are both rotationally connected with water scraping wheels.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when meeting with rainfall weather when high-speed train traveles, can have the rainwater film on the track, the water film can cause frictional force between frictional resistance portion and the track to diminish, causes the braking effect not good. According to the invention, the front side and the rear side of the frictional resistance part are respectively provided with the water scraping wheels, the water scraping wheels are made of elastic and light materials, and contact with the track after descending along with the frictional resistance part, so that a rainwater film on the track is scraped, and the influence on the braking effect of the frictional resistance part is avoided. And secondly, the wiper wheel is made of elastic and light materials, and can bounce up and down after contacting the rail to bounce rainwater on the rail.

The invention is further configured as follows: and a first speed reducer is arranged on the first motor.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, first resistance wheel diameter specification is selected to be less than train wheel diameter, and first resistance wheel upper end is less than train wheel upper end, is convenient for install first resistance wheel. In the high-speed running process of the high-speed train, if a first resistance wheel needs larger traction force, a larger motor needs to be arranged to meet the requirement, and the problems of high manufacturing cost and large required installation space are caused. The invention can provide enough traction force by adopting a motor with smaller specification by installing the speed reducer at the first motor.

The invention is further configured as follows: and a second speed reducer is arranged on the second motor.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, second resistance wheel diameter specification is selected to be less than train wheel diameter, and second resistance wheel upper end is less than train wheel upper end, is convenient for install second resistance wheel. In the process of high-speed running of the high-speed train, if the second resistance wheel needs larger traction force, the requirement can be met only by arranging a larger motor, and the problems of high manufacturing cost and large required installation space are caused. The speed reducer is arranged at the second motor, so that the motor with a smaller specification can provide enough traction force.

The invention is further provided with: the second pedestal rotates and is connected with the brake axle, second resistance wheel quantity is two and connects respectively the brake axle both ends, second motor quantity be a plurality of and with the brake axle links to each other, second motor power is arranged by little to big in proper order, the second motor includes the shell, is located stator, rotor, the switching device in the shell, the shell with be equipped with a plurality of elastic mechanism between the stator, the stator for rotate when the shell produces the reaction force after trigger switching device, the switching device of the less second motor of power is used for opening the great second motor of power.

By adopting the technical scheme: the emergency braking device for the high-speed train can be used together with an original braking system of the train, can also be used independently, and can also be used as a last safety measure in the braking system, so that emergency braking is performed under the condition that the original braking system of the train fails, and the safety of lives and properties of people on the high-speed train is ensured to the maximum extent.

Although the starting mode of the second motor can be controlled by adopting a vehicle speed sensor, a controller and control software, once a problem or a fault occurs in the control of the sensor and the software, the invention fails in emergency braking, and the reliability of the invention still needs to be improved. Therefore, the starting mode of the mechanical structure is adopted, when the high-speed train runs in a high-speed range, the second motor with low power provides traction force, the speed of the high-speed train is reduced to be in a low-speed range, the resistance of the second motor is reduced to be in a certain range, the stator in the second motor rotates relative to the shell, the switch device is triggered, the second motor with high power is started by the switch device, the second motor provides larger traction force after being started, the speed of the high-speed train in the low-speed range is rapidly reduced, and the stepped speed reduction is realized.

The second motor with the power gradually increased sequentially passes through the mechanical structure to realize the continuous starting through the mechanical structure in the second motor, the starting form of the second motor has very high reliability, and the normal operation of the friction part of the invention can be ensured to the maximum extent, so that the life and property safety of train personnel can be protected during emergency braking.

The invention is further provided with: the elastic mechanism comprises two elastic components, wherein one elastic component drives the stator to rotate in the positive direction by elasticity, and the other elastic component drives the stator to rotate in the reverse direction by elasticity; the elastic assembly comprises a sleeve, a reset spring arranged in the sleeve and a piston rod inserted in the sleeve, one end of the reset spring acts on the sleeve, the other end of the reset spring acts on the piston rod, the piston rod is hinged to the stator, a movable groove is formed in the second motor shell, and one end of the sleeve is inserted in the movable groove.

By adopting the technical scheme: two elastic component play the effect that makes the rotor return, and two elastic component elasticity in the elastic mechanism are respectively toward two directions pushed away the stator, and the rotation of stator lets the stator rotate by the reaction force that the second motor during operation produced, and the train direction can be two-way for stator position can be toward arbitrary one rotation in two directions, also can return under the elastic mechanism elasticity effect simultaneously.

One end of the sleeve is a closed end and is inserted into the movable groove, so that the sleeve can move within a certain range. The other end of the sleeve is an open end for the insertion of the piston rod, and the two ends of the spring are respectively acted on the sleeve and the piston rod to provide elasticity, so that the elastic device can provide the elasticity and cannot be bent.

The invention is further provided with: the elastic component further comprises a buffer piece, and the buffer piece is located between the piston rod and the inner wall of the sleeve.

By adopting the technical scheme: the buffer piece is positioned between the end part of the piston rod and the inner wall of the sleeve, plays a role in buffering, and avoids the piston rod from directly impacting the inner wall of the sleeve and achieving a limiting effect. The material of the buffer part can also be selected from elastic rubber and the like, and the buffer part has the function of limiting the rotation angle of the stator to the maximum.

The invention is further provided with: and a needle bearing is arranged between the shell and the stator.

The needle bearing enables the stator to rotate relative to the shell, and friction between the stator and the shell is reduced. The needle bearing is selected because the thickness of the needle bearing can be designed to be smaller, and the integral volume of the motor is saved. However, if other bearings or copper sleeves or similar structures are selected to realize the rotation between the stator and the housing, the bearing can also be regarded as the equivalent technical solution of the needle bearing.

The invention also provides an emergency braking method for the high-speed train, which comprises the following steps

Step one, a lifting driving mechanism arranged on a train acts to drive a friction resistance part connected with the lifting driving mechanism to descend;

step two, after the friction resistance part descends, friction force is generated between the friction resistance part and the track to form traction force;

and step three, applying traction to the high-speed train by a frictional resistance part generating friction force with the track to rapidly reduce the speed of the high-speed train.

The beneficial effects of the invention are:

1. the emergency braking device for the high-speed train is characterized in that the support is arranged on the chassis of the train, and the support is arranged on the chassis of the train. The emergency brake device of the high-speed train can be integrally disassembled for maintenance, maintenance and replacement.

2. According to the invention, the first friction part and the second friction part are arranged, so that when a high-speed train runs at a high speed, the first driving lifting mechanism and the first friction part can be used for braking and reducing the speed of the high-speed train, and when the speed of the high-speed train is reduced to a certain range, the second driving lifting mechanism and the second friction part are used for braking and reducing the speed of the high-speed train, so that the braking resistance applied to the high-speed train is further increased, and the personnel on the train are prevented from being injured due to the fact that the high-speed train is decelerated too fast through multi-stage deceleration and braking. In addition, when the number of the second friction parts is multiple, the first friction part and the plurality of second friction parts can select the starting sequence according to the actual situation, and multi-stage deceleration and braking are also realized. The first friction portion may also function together with the second friction portion at the same time.

3. According to the invention, after the friction force generated after the friction resistance part is contacted with the track, the friction resistance part applies braking resistance to the high-speed train, so that the emergency braking of the high-speed train is realized. The emergency braking device for the high-speed train can be used independently, has the effect of short braking distance, can be used together with the existing braking system on the high-speed train, further shortens the braking distance, can also play a role in emergency braking when the existing braking system of the high-speed train breaks down or has an accident, and is additionally provided with a safety measure during emergency braking.

4. The first friction part comprises a plurality of rollers, a first resistance wheel and a first motor, can provide braking resistance during emergency braking, can push the train wheels to advance at the starting stage of the high-speed train to provide assistance, and has multiple functions. When the first friction part comprises the friction plate and the resistance reducing layer, the resistance reducing layer can contact with the rail to provide smaller friction force when the friction plate is broken and fails, and the effects of protecting the rail and improving the safety performance are achieved.

5. The first sensor detects the pressure of the joint of the adjacent carriages of the train, when the brake resistance of the front carriage of the train is larger than the brake resistance of the rear carriage, and when the pressure of the joint of the front carriage and the rear carriage exceeds a safety range, the control unit can reduce the friction force between the friction resistance part of the front carriage and the track, avoid the rear carriage from extruding and arching the front carriage, and improve the safety in the emergency braking process.

6. The emergency braking device for the high-speed train can be applied to the high-speed train, low-speed trains, subways, trams and other rail vehicles, and is short in braking distance and wide in application range.

7. The invention shortens the braking distance and time, does not need to reduce the speed for a long time in advance when entering the station, and realizes the shortening of the running time of the total mileage.

8. The emergency braking device can effectively and quickly shorten the braking distance, possibly can reach the shortest braking distance which can be borne by passengers, and can pre-judge the braking time in the shortest time when a high-speed train runs at a high speed, so that the highest speed per hour of the high-speed train can be greatly broken through, and certain effects are brought.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a state where a high-speed train emergency brake device according to embodiment 1 is mounted on a train.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of positions of the first and second steel cables according to example 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the positional relationship between the first friction portion and the second friction portion in embodiment 1.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a connection relationship between the first driving elevating mechanism and the first friction part in embodiment 1.

Fig. 6 is a first structural view of the first friction part in embodiment 1.

Fig. 7 is a second schematic structural view of the first friction portion in embodiment 1.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the connection relationship between the second driving elevating mechanism and the second friction part in embodiment 1.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a first friction portion of embodiment 2.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a positional relationship between the first seat and the friction plate in embodiment 3.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the positional relationship among the first seat, the friction plate, and the drag reduction layer in embodiment 4.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship among the large gear, the small gear, the output shaft of the motor, the second motor, and the second resistance wheel in accordance with embodiment 7.

FIG. 13 is a positional relationship between the housing and the pocket in embodiment 8.

Fig. 14 is a schematic view of the positional relationship among the stator, the elastic means, the rotor, and the housing of example 8.

Fig. 15 is a schematic positional relationship diagram of a stator, a needle bearing, an elastic device, and a switch device according to example 8.

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the structure of the elastic member of embodiment 8.

In the figure, 1, a bracket; 11. a suspension beam; 12. a buffer rubber sleeve; 13. a notch; 2. a first drive lift mechanism; 3. a second drive lift mechanism; 4. a first friction part; 41. a first seat body; 42. a roller; 43. a first resistance wheel; 44. a first motor; 45. a first elastic member; 46. a base; 47. a friction plate; 48. a resistance reducing layer; 5. a second friction part; 51. a second seat body; 52. a second resistance wheel; 53. a second motor; 531. a housing; 532. a concave sleeve; 533. a stator; 534. a rotor; 535. a movable groove; 54. a first wire rope; 55. a second wire rope; 56. an output shaft of the motor; 57. a bull gear; 58. a pinion gear; 6. a high speed train; 61. a train wheel; 62. a train chassis; 63. a train car; 7. a switching device; 8. an elastic member; 81. a sleeve; 82. a return spring; 83. a piston rod; 84. a buffer member; 85. a connecting spring; 9. a needle bearing.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described with reference to the specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.

Example 1: an emergency brake device for a high-speed train, as shown in fig. 1 to 8, comprises a bracket 1, a lifting driving mechanism and a friction resistance part. The support 1 comprises a support body and two suspension beams 11 fixed on two sides of the support body, and the two suspension beams 11 are distributed on two sides of a train. Connecting holes are formed in two ends of each suspension beam 11, a buffer rubber sleeve 12 is arranged in each connecting hole, a mounting shaft is fixed on the train chassis 62, a nut is in threaded connection after the mounting shaft penetrates through the buffer rubber sleeve 12, and the nut abuts against the side wall of the suspension beam 11 to limit the suspension beam 11 to be separated from the train chassis 62.

The lifting driving mechanism comprises two first driving lifting mechanisms 2, and the friction resistance part comprises two first friction parts 4. The two first driving lifting mechanisms 2 are distributed below two sides of the train chassis 62, and the two first friction parts 4 are distributed below two sides of the train chassis 62. The first friction portion 4 includes a base 46, a first seat 41, a roller 42 located on a side wall of the first seat 41, a first resistance wheel 43 located at a bottom of the first seat 41, and a first motor 44 installed on the first seat 41, wherein the roller 42 and the first resistance wheel 43 are both rotatably connected to the first seat 41, and the first motor 44 is used for driving the first resistance wheel 43 to rotate. The first seat 41 is slidably disposed on the base 46, and a sliding direction of the first seat 41 is the same as a running direction of the train. The base 46 is provided with a first elastic element 45, the first elastic element 45 is a spring, two ends of the first elastic element are respectively fixed on the base 46 and the first seat 41, and the elastic force thereof drives the first seat 41 to keep away from the movement trend of the train wheel 61. The first friction portion 4 is located forward of the wheels in the traveling direction of the high speed train 6. The first driving elevating mechanism 2 is installed on the stand 1 and connected to the base 46. The first driving lifting mechanism 2 is selected from an electric cylinder, an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or other existing lifting driving mechanisms, and the base 46 can be driven to descend relatively quickly. The roller 42 is provided with a third annular groove for embedding a train wheel 61. The first resistance wheel 43 is provided with a first annular groove for the track to be embedded.

When the high-speed train 6 needs emergency braking, the first motor 44 is firstly powered on and drives the first resistance wheel 43 to rotate, and the first motor 44 is powered off after the first resistance wheel 43 rotates. The first driving lifting mechanism 2 drives the base 46 to descend, the base 46 drives the first base body 41, the roller 42 and the first resistance wheel 43 to descend, the descending motion track is inclined downwards, and a distance exists between the roller 42 and the first base body 41 and the train wheel 61 in the descending process. After the first resistance wheel 43 is contacted with the track, the track generates friction force to the first resistance wheel 43 to drive the first resistance wheel 43, the first seat body 41 and the roller 42 to be close to the train wheel 61 until the roller 42 is contacted with the train wheel 61, the train wheel 61 generates downward pressure to the roller 42, the roller 42 sequentially transmits the acting force to the first seat body 41 and the first resistance wheel 43, so that a certain pressure can be kept between the first resistance wheel 43 and the track, the first resistance wheel 43 drives the first motor 44 to idle, the first motor 44 provides resistance, so that the generated friction resistance is called more effective traction force when the speed between the first resistance wheel 43 and the track is higher, and further the generated friction resistance is transmitted to the train wheel 61 through the first seat body 41 and the roller 42 to apply braking resistance to the high-speed train 6, thereby realizing emergency braking of the high-speed train 6.

The lifting driving mechanism comprises two second driving lifting mechanisms 3 and two second friction parts 5, each second friction part 5 comprises a second seat body 51, a plurality of second resistance wheels 52 connected to two sides of the second seat body 51 in a rotating mode, and a second motor 53 installed on the second seat body 51, each second motor 53 is used for driving the second resistance wheels 52 to rotate, the number of the second resistance wheels 52 is four, the two second resistance wheels 52 are distributed on one side of the second seat body 51, and the other two second resistance wheels 52 are distributed on the other side of the second seat body 51. The four second resistance wheels 52 correspond to each other two by two. The circumferential surface of the second resistance wheel 52 is provided with a second annular groove for the track to be embedded. The corresponding two second resistance wheels 52 may be connected or disconnected with their axles independent from each other. The second driving lifting mechanism 3 is a plurality of cylinders, hydraulic cylinders or electric cylinders, and other lifting driving mechanisms in the prior art can be selected, so that the function of rapidly driving the second seat body 51 to descend can be realized.

The first steel wire ropes 54 are fixed on the front and the rear of the second seat body 51, and the two first steel wire ropes 54 extend along the front and the rear directions and are fixed on the train chassis 62. The front and the back of the second seat body 51 are both fixed with second steel wire ropes 55, the two second steel wire ropes 55 respectively extend along the front and the back directions and then are fixed on the train carriage 63, the second steel wire ropes 55 are connected with the train carriage 63 through elastic devices, and the elastic devices can be springs. The upper end of the second driving lifting mechanism 3 is movably connected to the bracket 1, and the specific form of the movable connection can be universal ball head connection. The support 1 is further provided with a vertical notch 13 for the second driving lifting mechanism 3 to pass downwards, so that the second driving lifting mechanism 3 is prevented from deflecting towards two sides. The support 1 is further provided with a second elastic element, the second elastic element is a spring, the upper end of the second elastic element is fixedly connected to the support 1, the lower end of the second elastic element is fixedly connected to the second seat body 51, the elastic force of the second elastic element acts on the second seat body 51 to enable the second seat body 51 to always keep a downward movement trend, and the downward movement stroke must be ensured within a safety range.

When the high-speed train 6 needs emergency braking, the second motor 53 is firstly powered on to drive the second resistance wheel 52 to rotate, then the second motor 53 is powered off, the second driving lifting mechanism 3 drives the second base body 51 to descend, the second resistance wheel 52 on the second base body 51 contacts with the track and generates friction force with the track, and the friction force acts on the high-speed train 6 through the second base body 51, the first steel wire rope 54 and the second steel wire rope 55 to pull the high-speed train 6 to decelerate so as to play a role in emergency braking. When the second resistance wheel 52 just contacts the track, the friction force drives the second resistance wheel 52 and the second base body 51 to move backward for a distance relative to the high-speed train 6, and the second driving lifting mechanism 3 is movably connected with the bracket 1 to provide a certain moving space. After the second resistance wheel 52 rotates on the rail to drive the second motor 53 to idle, the second motor 53 is turned on to provide resistance.

A plurality of electromagnets are installed on the support 1, and in the normal running process of the high-speed train 6, the electromagnets work to adsorb and fix the first seat body 41 and the second seat body 51 respectively, so that the first seat body 41 and the second seat body 51 are prevented from falling off in an accident condition. When the high-speed train 6 needs emergency braking, the electromagnet is powered off firstly, and then the lifting driving mechanism starts to act.

The emergency braking device for the high-speed train further comprises a control unit, a first sensor and a second sensor, wherein the first sensor is used for detecting the pressure at the joint of two adjacent carriages of the train, the second sensor is used for monitoring the pressure between the first friction part 4 and the track, and the first driving lifting mechanism 2, the second driving lifting mechanism 3, the first sensor and the second sensor are all connected with the control unit. The high-speed train 6 comprises a plurality of carriages, a plurality of emergency braking devices of the high-speed train 6 are arranged below each carriage, the braking resistance of each carriage part is possibly not completely equal, and in the emergency braking process, if the braking resistance of the former carriage part is larger, the braking resistance of the latter carriage part is smaller, the situation that the latter carriage part is close to the former carriage part can be caused, and the train is easy to be damaged. A safe pressure value is set in the control unit, and the second sensor detects the pressure value between the first friction part 4 and the track and transmits the pressure value to the control unit. When the pressure value exceeds the safety pressure value, the control unit controls the first driving lifting mechanism 2 to act, adjusts the first friction part 4 to lift, reduces the friction force applied to the first friction part 4 by reducing the acting force between the first friction part 4 and the rail, and reduces the braking resistance applied to the train wheels 61 by the first friction part 4.

Example 2: the emergency braking device for high-speed trains is different from embodiment 1 in that, as shown in fig. 9, the number of the rollers 42 is three, the uppermost roller 42 is higher than the axis of the train wheel 61, the axis of the middle roller 42 is equal to the axis of the train wheel 61, and the lower roller 42 is lower than the axis of the train wheel 61. In the emergency braking device located behind the train wheel 61 in the beginning of the high-speed train 6, after the first driving lifting mechanism 2 drives the first base body 41 to descend, the first motor 44 drives the first resistance wheel 43 to rotate, the rotation direction of the first resistance wheel 43 is the same as the rotation direction of the train wheel 61, and the roller 42 on the first base body 41 contacts the train wheel 61 and pushes forward, so as to achieve the effect of assisting the quick start of the high-speed train 6.

Example 3: the emergency brake device for high-speed trains is different from the emergency brake device of embodiment 1 in that, as shown in fig. 10, the first resistance wheel 43 is not installed at the bottom of the first seat 41, but a friction plate 47 is installed. After the first seat 41 descends, friction force is formed between the friction plate 47 and the rail.

Example 4: the emergency brake device for high-speed trains is different from embodiment 1 in that, as shown in fig. 11, the first resistance wheel 43 is not installed on the bottom of the first seat 41, but a friction plate 47 is installed. After the first seat body 41 descends, friction force is formed between the friction plate 47 and the rail, a resistance reducing layer 48 is further disposed on the ground of the first seat body 41, and the resistance reducing layer 48 is located between the first seat body 41 and the friction plate 47.

Example 5: the emergency braking device for the high-speed train is different from the emergency braking device in embodiment 1 in that the front end and the rear end of the first seat body are provided with water scraping wheels, the front end and the rear end of the second seat body are provided with water scraping wheels, and the water scraping wheels are made of light and elastic materials.

Example 6: the emergency braking device for the high-speed train is different from the emergency braking device in embodiment 1 in that a first speed reducer is mounted on the first motor. First resistance wheel diameter specification is selected to be less than train wheel diameter, and first resistance wheel upper end is less than train wheel upper end, the first resistance wheel of installation of being convenient for. In the high-speed running process of the high-speed train, if a first resistance wheel needs larger traction force, a larger motor needs to be arranged to meet the requirement, and the problems of high manufacturing cost and large required installation space are caused. The invention can provide enough traction force by adopting a motor with smaller specification by installing the speed reducer at the first motor.

And a second speed reducer is arranged on the second motor. The diameter specification of the second resistance wheel is selected to be smaller than the diameter of the train wheel, and the upper end of the second resistance wheel is lower than the upper end of the train wheel, so that the second resistance wheel is convenient to install. In the process of high-speed running of the high-speed train, if a second resistance wheel needs larger traction force, a larger motor needs to be arranged to meet the requirement, and the problems of high manufacturing cost and large required installation space are caused. The speed reducer is arranged at the second motor, so that the motor with a smaller specification can provide enough traction force.

Example 7: the emergency braking device for the high-speed train is different from the emergency braking device in embodiment 1 in that, as shown in fig. 12, the second seat body is rotatably connected with a braking shaft, four second motors are mounted on the braking shaft, and the second motors are bidirectional motors, so that the power of the second motors is sequentially increased. The two ends of the brake shaft are provided with small gears, the wheel shafts of the two second resistance wheels are respectively provided with two large gears, and the large gears are meshed with the small gears.

In the braking process, the low-power motor is started when the high-speed train is at a high speed, and the high-power second motor is started when the high-speed train is at a low speed, so that the multi-stage speed reduction is realized.

Example 8: the emergency braking device for the high-speed train 6 includes embodiment 7, as shown in fig. 13 to 16, the second motor 53 includes a housing 531, a stator 533, a rotor 534, a plurality of elastic mechanisms, and a switch device 7, a needle bearing 9 is disposed between the housing 531 and the stator 533, the elastic mechanisms are located between the housing 531 and the stator 533, each elastic mechanism includes two elastic assemblies 8, each elastic assembly 8 includes a sleeve 81, a spring located in the sleeve 81, and a piston rod 83, one end of the sleeve 81 is a closed end, the other end is an open end, and one end of the piston rod 83 is inserted into the open end. The housing 531 includes a housing, a plurality of pockets 532, one for each sleeve 81 of the pockets 532. The shell is provided with a through hole, and the concave sleeve 532 is embedded at the through hole. The female housing 532 is fixed to the case 531 by bolts. A flared moving groove 535 is formed on the sleeve 532, and the closed section of the sleeve 81 is inserted into the moving groove 535. The piston rod 83 is hinged to the stator 533. In each elastic mechanism, one of the elastic members 8 elastically drives the stator 533 to rotate in the forward direction, and the other elastic member 8 elastically drives the stator 533 to rotate in the reverse direction. The stator 533, when rotated to a certain position, can trigger the switch device 7. The elastic assembly 8 further comprises a connecting spring 85, and two ends of the connecting spring 85 are respectively fixed on the outer wall of the sleeve 81 and the concave sleeve 532, so as to prevent the sleeve 81 from completely separating from the movable groove 535.

The power of the second motor 53 is arranged from small to large, and the switching devices 7 in the second motor 53 with small power are connected with the motor with large power and are arranged in sequence. When emergency braking is needed, when the high-speed train 6 runs at a high speed, the second motor 53 with low power operates to provide traction force for braking, so that the high-speed train 6 is reduced from a high-speed range to a low-speed range, at the moment, the stator 533 of the second motor 53 rotates relative to the shell 531 when generating a reaction force, then the switch device 7 is triggered, the switch device 7 starts the second motor 53 with high power, so that the speed of the high-speed train 6 running in the low-speed range is quickly reduced, graded speed reduction and braking are realized, and the situation that drivers and passengers are injured due to the fact that the train speed is reduced too quickly by directly applying large traction force to the train running in the high-speed range is avoided. The switching device 7 also enables the second, less powerful motor 53 to be switched off automatically after triggering.

Example 9: the emergency braking device for the high-speed train is different from the embodiment 8 in that four second motors can share one shell.

Example 10: the emergency brake device for high-speed trains is different from the emergency brake device of embodiment 1 in that the first friction part comprises a rotating shaft which is rotatably connected to the first seat body, and the first resistance wheel axle is connected with the rotating shaft through a gear train to transmit power. Four first motors are arranged on the rotating shaft, and the power settings are different from small to large.

Example 11: the emergency braking device for the high-speed train is different from the emergency braking device in embodiment 10 in that four first motors can share a plurality of groups of motors of one motor shell to realize gradual speed reduction.

Example 12: an emergency braking method for a high-speed train using the emergency braking apparatus for a high-speed train according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7, comprising the steps of,

step one, a lifting driving mechanism arranged on a train acts to drive a friction resistance part connected with the lifting driving mechanism to descend;

step two, after the friction resistance part descends, friction force is generated between the friction resistance part and the track to form traction force;

and step three, the friction resistance part generating friction force with the track applies braking resistance to the high-speed train so as to rapidly reduce the speed of the high-speed train.

Claims (24)

1. High-speed train emergency braking device, its characterized in that: including support (1), locate the lift actuating mechanism of support (1), with the frictional resistance portion that lift actuating mechanism links to each other, lift actuating mechanism is used for the drive frictional resistance portion contacts the track after descending, frictional resistance portion is used for applying braking resistance to high-speed train (6).

2. The high-speed train emergency brake device according to claim 1, wherein: lifting drive mechanism includes first drive elevating system (2), frictional resistance portion includes first friction portion (4), first drive elevating system (2) are used for driving first friction portion (4) go up and down, first friction portion (4) include first pedestal (41), rotatable gyro wheel (42) are installed to first pedestal (41), gyro wheel (42) are used for contacting with train wheel (61), first pedestal (41) bottom surface is equipped with friction disc (47) perhaps first pedestal (41) are installed and are located first resistance wheel (43) of first pedestal (41) bottom, with first motor (44) that first resistance wheel (43) link to each other.

3. The emergency brake device for high-speed trains according to claim 2, wherein: the roller (42) is used for pressing the first seat body (41) after being acted by the train wheel (61).

4. The emergency brake device for high-speed trains according to claim 2, wherein: the number of the rollers (42) is several, at least one roller (42) is not lower than the axis of the train wheel, and at least one roller (42) is not higher than the axis of the train wheel.

5. The high-speed train emergency brake apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the bottom surface of the first seat body (41) is provided with a resistance reducing layer (48), and the friction plate (47) is located below the resistance reducing layer (48).

6. The high-speed train emergency brake apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the first friction part (4) further comprises a base (46), the first driving lifting mechanism (2) is connected with the base (46), the first base body (41) is connected to the base (46) in a sliding mode, the base (46) is provided with a first elastic piece (45), and the elastic force of the first elastic piece (45) acts on the first base body (41) to drive the first base body (41) to be far away from train wheels (61).

7. The emergency brake device for high-speed trains according to claim 2, wherein: the lifting motion track of the first friction part (4) is inclined when the first friction part is driven by the first driving lifting mechanism (2).

8. The emergency brake device for high-speed trains according to claim 2, wherein: the device comprises a control unit and a second sensor, wherein the second sensor is used for monitoring the pressure between a first friction part (4) and a track, and the second sensor and a first driving lifting mechanism (2) are connected with the control unit.

9. The high-speed train emergency brake apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the lifting driving mechanism comprises a second driving lifting mechanism (3), the frictional resistance part comprises a second friction part (5), the second friction part (5) comprises a second base body (51), a second resistance wheel (52) installed on the second base body (51) and a second motor (53) connected with the second resistance wheel (52), the second driving lifting mechanism (3) is used for driving the second base body (51) to lift, the second friction part (5) is connected with a first steel wire rope (54), and the first steel wire rope (54) is used for being connected with a train chassis (62).

10. The emergency brake device for high-speed trains according to claim 9, wherein: the second friction part (5) is connected with a second steel wire rope (55), and the second steel wire rope (55) is used for being connected with a train compartment (63).

11. The high-speed train emergency brake apparatus according to claim 9, wherein: the number of the second resistance wheels (52) is multiple, the second resistance wheels are distributed on two sides of the second seat body (51) in pairs, wheel shafts of the two second resistance wheels (52) which are oppositely arranged are connected or disconnected, and the number of the second motors is one or more.

12. The high-speed train emergency brake apparatus according to claim 9, wherein: the upper end of the second driving lifting mechanism (3) is movably connected to the support (1).

13. The high-speed train emergency brake apparatus according to claim 9, wherein: the bracket (1) is provided with a second elastic piece, and the elastic force of the second elastic piece acts on the second seat body (51) to keep the second seat body moving downwards.

14. The high-speed train emergency brake apparatus according to claim 9, wherein: the lifting driving mechanism comprises a plurality of second driving lifting mechanisms (3), and the friction part comprises a plurality of second friction parts (5).

15. The high-speed train emergency brake device according to claim 1, wherein: the support (1) comprises a suspension beam (11), two ends of the suspension beam (11) are respectively used for being flexibly connected to a train chassis (62), and the lifting driving mechanism is installed on the suspension beam (11).

16. The high-speed train emergency brake apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the device is characterized by further comprising a control unit and a first sensor, wherein the first sensor is used for monitoring the pressure between two adjacent train carriages (63), and the first sensor and the lifting driving mechanism are connected with the control unit.

17. The emergency brake apparatus for high-speed trains according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the front side and the rear side of the frictional resistance part are both rotationally connected with water scraping wheels.

18. The high-speed train emergency brake apparatus according to any one of claim 2, wherein: a first speed reducer is mounted on the first motor (44).

19. The high-speed train emergency brake apparatus according to claim 9, wherein: and a second speed reducer is arranged on the second motor (53).

20. The high-speed train emergency brake apparatus according to claim 11, wherein: second pedestal (51) rotate and are connected with the braking axle, second resistance wheel (52) quantity is two and connects respectively the braking axle both ends, second motor (53) quantity be a plurality of and with the braking axle links to each other, second motor (53) power is arranged in proper order from small to big, second motor (53) include shell (531), be located stator (533), rotor (534), switching device (7) in shell (531), shell (531) with be equipped with a plurality of elastic mechanism between stator (533), stator (533) for rotate after triggering when shell (531) produce the reaction force switching device (7), switching device (7) of the less second motor (53) of power are used for opening the great second motor (53) of power.

21. The high speed train emergency brake apparatus of claim 20, wherein: the elastic mechanism comprises two elastic components (8), wherein one elastic component (8) elastically drives the stator (533) to rotate in the forward direction, and the other elastic component (8) elastically drives the stator (533) to rotate in the reverse direction; the elastic assembly (8) comprises a sleeve (81), a return spring (82) arranged in the sleeve (81) and a piston rod (83) inserted in the sleeve (81), one end of the return spring (82) acts on the sleeve (81) and the other end acts on the piston rod (83), the piston rod (83) is hinged to the stator (533), the shell (531) is provided with a movable groove (535), and one end of the sleeve (81) is inserted in the movable groove (535).

22. The high speed train emergency brake apparatus of claim 20, wherein: the elastic assembly (8) further comprises a buffer piece (84), and the buffer piece (84) is located between the piston rod (83) and the inner wall of the sleeve (81).

23. The high speed train emergency brake apparatus of claim 20, wherein: a needle bearing (9) is arranged between the shell (531) and the stator (533).

24. The emergency braking method of the high-speed train is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps

Step one, a lifting driving mechanism arranged on a train acts to drive a friction resistance part connected with the lifting driving mechanism to descend;

step two, after the friction resistance part descends, friction force is generated between the friction resistance part and the track to form traction force;

and step three, applying traction to the high-speed train by a friction resistance part generating friction force with the track to quickly reduce the speed of the high-speed train.

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