CN115646461A - Bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- OEIXGLMQZVLOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[3-(prop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCNC(=O)C=C OEIXGLMQZVLOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- MPNXSZJPSVBLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-phenylpyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound ClC1=NC=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 MPNXSZJPSVBLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- -1 iodine ions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
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Abstract
The invention provides a bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine, which is in a jelly shape and comprises a carrier and an adsorption material loaded on the carrier, wherein the carrier has a hydrogel structure, the adsorption material is distributed on the surface of the carrier, part of the adsorption material is embedded in the carrier, and the adsorption material consists of a large number of nano particles. Meanwhile, the invention also provides a preparation method of the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine. The bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine has the advantages of high adsorption quantity, short adsorption time and easy separation and recovery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an adsorbent, in particular to a bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The nuclear energy is used as a clean and efficient energy source, and is one of effective ways for realizing the double-carbon goal in China. The safe treatment and disposal of the spent fuel is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of nuclear energy, and radioactive waste gas is generated in the post-treatment process of the spent fuel, wherein radioactive iodine (I) 129 I、 131 I) Are contaminants of major concern for nuclear fuel recycling, spent fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment. 129 The half life of I is as long as 1.57 multiplied by 10 7 Year, high water solubility, strong fluidity and high toxicity. 131 I has a short half-life (8.04 days), but high activity. Iodine is mainly in the form of iodine vapor (I) in the gas 2 ) And methyl iodide (CH) 3 I) In the form of (I) which is predominantly present in the liquid in the form of ionic iodine - 、IO 3 - 、IO 4 - ) Due to the above properties of iodine, if released into the environment, it will have a long-term effect. Radioactive iodine can cause great harm to human health, and the contact with radioactive iodine can cause mental retardation, metabolic disorder, increased thyroid cancer probability and the like.
In the prior art, methods for treating iodine pollutants in wastewater and waste gas include chemical precipitation, biological accumulation, extraction, ion exchange, membrane separation, adsorption methods and the like, wherein the adsorption method is simple to operate and is not easy to cause secondary pollution, so that the method has a great application prospect in the aspect of radioactive iodine treatment. However, the traditional adsorbing material has the defects of low adsorption capacity, slow kinetics, difficulty in recovery and the like, so that the design and synthesis of the adsorbing material which has high radioactive iodine adsorption efficiency and is easy to recover has great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention needs to design a composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine, which has high adsorption amount, short adsorption time and easy separation and recovery, and a preparation method thereof.
A composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine, the composite material for removing the radioactive iodine being in a jelly shape, the composite material comprising a carrier and an adsorbing material loaded on the carrier, the carrier having a hydrogel structure, the adsorbing material being distributed on the surface of the carrier and a part of the adsorbing material being embedded in the carrier, the adsorbing material being composed of a plurality of nanoparticles.
Further, the carrier is (3-acrylamide propyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, the carrier is hydrogel with a block structure, and the particle size of the carrier is 25-48 mu m.
Further, the average particle size of the adsorbing material is 12nm, and the adsorbing material is elementary bismuth.
A preparation method of a bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine comprises the following steps:
mixing (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride solution, N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and alpha-ketoglutaric acid to obtain a mixed solution, and using N 2 Purging the mixed solution for 10min; heating the mixed solution, and irradiating the mixed solution by using an ultraviolet lamp so as to perform photopolymerization reaction on the mixed solution to prepare cationic hydrogel;
soaking and washing the prepared cationic hydrogel with pure water, and freeze-drying to obtain dry hydrogel;
weighing pentahydrate bismuth nitrate in 10mL of ethylene glycol according to a certain loading amount, adding 20mL of pure water after fully dissolving, then weighing a certain mass of dry hydrogel, soaking the dry hydrogel in the solution, stirring for 24h, separating to obtain the trivalent bismuth ion-loaded cationic hydrogel, finally stirring the trivalent bismuth ion-loaded cationic hydrogel in a sodium borohydride solution for 2h by an in-situ reduction method, washing the reduced material with pure water, and freeze-drying to obtain the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine.
Further, the soaking washing time is 1 week.
Further, the molar ratio of the (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride to the N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide to the α -ketoglutaric acid is 50.
Further, the heating temperature was 45 ℃.
Further, the irradiation time is 1 to 2 hours.
Further, the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is 365nm.
The bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for removing the radioactive iodine and the preparation method thereof load simple substance bismuth into the cationic hydrogel through oxidation-reduction reaction, so that the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing the radioactive iodine can capture I in iodine ions and iodate solution through electrostatic interaction - And IO 3 - And then the two are effectively fixed in the adsorption material through chemical interaction, so that the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel has high-efficiency removal capacity on iodide ions (the removal efficiency reaches 95.5%) and iodate (the removal efficiency reaches 86.1%), and the block structure avoids the problem of secondary pollution caused by difficult recovery of powder materials, so that the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel and the iodate can be used as stable and effective adsorption candidate materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite for adsorbing radioiodine prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite for adsorbing radioactive iodine prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite for adsorbing radioiodine prepared in example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a transmission electron microscope image of the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite for adsorbing radioactive iodine prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for preparing a composite material for radioactive iodine removal according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an XRD spectrum of the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material (Bi @ hydrogel-10%, bi @ hydrogel-20%, bi @ hydrogel-30%), the cationic hydrogel (hydrogel) and elemental bismuth (Bi) for adsorbing radioactive iodine prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a Zeta potential diagram of the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite (Bi @ hydrogel-30%) for adsorbing radioiodine prepared in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an FTIR chart of the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite (Bi @ hydrogel-30%) and the cationic hydrogel (hydrogel) for adsorbing radioactive iodine prepared in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 9 shows the Bi-based cationic hydrogel composite (Bi @ hydrogel-10%, bi @ hydrogel-20%, bi @ hydrogel-30%) and the cationic hydrogel (hydrogel) p-iodide ions (I) prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention for adsorbing radioiodine - ) The adsorption capacity of (a) is plotted with the change of the initial iodide ion concentration value.
FIG. 10 shows the Bi-based cationic hydrogel composite material (Bi @ hydrogel-10%, bi @ hydrogel-20%, bi @ hydrogel-30%) and counter-Iodide (IO) of the cationic hydrogel (hydrogel) prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention for adsorbing radioiodine 3 - ) The adsorption capacity of (a) was plotted against the initial iodate concentration.
FIG. 11 shows the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material (Bi @ hydrogel-30%) for adsorbing radioiodine prepared in example 3 of the present invention as the iodide ion pair (I) - ) Adsorption kinetics curve of (1).
FIG. 12 shows the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material (Bi @ hydrogel-30%) p-Iodide (IO) for adsorbing radioiodine prepared in example 3 of the present invention 3 - ) Adsorption kinetics curve of (a).
FIG. 13 shows the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite (Bi @ hydrogel-30%) for adsorbing radioiodine prepared in example 3 of the present invention vs. iodine (I) - 、IO 3 - ) Dynamic adsorption breakthrough curve of (2).
The following detailed description will further illustrate the invention in conjunction with the above figures.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. In view of the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without making any creative effort fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention are further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine is formed in a jelly shape. A bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine comprises a carrier and an adsorbing material loaded on the carrier. The carrier has a hydrogel structure. The adsorption material is distributed on the surface of the carrier and part of the adsorption material is embedded in the carrier. The adsorption material consists of a plurality of nanoparticles.
In this embodiment, the carrier is (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride, the carrier is a hydrogel with a block structure, and the particle size of the carrier is 25 to 48 μm.
In this example, as shown in fig. 4, the average particle size of the adsorbent was 12nm, and the adsorbent was elemental bismuth.
As shown in fig. 5, a preparation method of a bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for removing radioactive iodine comprises the following steps:
s101: preparation of cationic hydrogel by photopolymerization
Mixing (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride solution, N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and alpha-ketoglutaric acid to obtain a mixed solution, and using N 2 Purging the mixed solution for 10min; heating the mixed solution, and irradiating the mixed solution by using an ultraviolet lamp so as to perform photopolymerization reaction on the mixed solution to prepare cationic hydrogel;
in this example, (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride, the N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide, and the α -ketoglutaric acid in a molar ratio of 50.
In this example, the heating temperature was 45 ℃.
In this example, the irradiation time was 1 to 2 hours.
In this embodiment, the ultraviolet lamp wavelength is 365nm.
S102: drying the cationic hydrogel
And soaking and washing the prepared cationic hydrogel with pure water, and freeze-drying to obtain the dry hydrogel.
In this example, the soaking and washing time was 1 week.
S103: preparation of bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine
Weighing bismuth nitrate pentahydrate according to a certain loading amount, adding 20mL of pure water after fully dissolving the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate in 10mL of ethylene glycol, then weighing a certain mass of dry hydrogel, soaking the dry hydrogel in the solution, stirring for 24h, separating to obtain cationic hydrogel loaded with trivalent bismuth ions, finally stirring the cationic hydrogel loaded with trivalent bismuth ions in a sodium borohydride solution for 2h by an in-situ reduction method, washing the reduced material with pure water, and freeze-drying to obtain the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel material for adsorbing radioactive iodine.
In this example, the mass ratio of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate to dry hydrogel was 0.24:0.7, namely the mass ratio of the simple substance bismuth to the dry hydrogel is 1:3.
example one
5.17g of (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylMixing ammonium chloride solution, 0.15g of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and 0.07g of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, and fixing the volume to 10mL, wherein N is utilized 2 Purging the mixed solution for 10min; heating the mixed solution, and irradiating the mixed solution by using an ultraviolet lamp so as to perform photopolymerization reaction on the mixed solution to prepare cationic hydrogel (hydrogel);
soaking and washing the prepared cationic hydrogel with pure water, and freeze-drying to obtain dry hydrogel, wherein the soaking and washing is 1 week;
weighing 0.12g of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate in 10mL of ethylene glycol, adding 20mL of pure water after fully dissolving, then weighing 500mg of dry hydrogel, soaking the dry hydrogel in the solution, stirring for 24h, separating to obtain the cationic hydrogel loaded with the trivalent bismuth ions, finally stirring the cationic hydrogel loaded with the trivalent bismuth ions in 30mL of solution containing 0.35g of sodium borohydride by an in-situ reduction method for 2h, washing the reduced material with pure water, and freeze-drying to obtain the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material (Bi @ hydrogel-10%) loaded with 10% of nano-scale bismuth and used for adsorbing radioactive iodine.
Example two
5.17g (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride solution, 0.15g N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and 0.07g alpha-ketoglutaric acid were mixed and the volume was adjusted to 10mL using N 2 Purging the mixed solution for 10min; heating the mixed solution, and irradiating the mixed solution by using an ultraviolet lamp to perform photopolymerization reaction on the mixed solution to prepare cationic hydrogel (hydrogel);
soaking and washing the prepared cationic hydrogel with pure water, and freeze-drying to obtain dry hydrogel, wherein the soaking and washing is 1 week;
weighing 0.23g of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate in 10mL of ethylene glycol, adding 20mL of pure water after fully dissolving, then weighing 500mg of dry hydrogel, soaking in the solution, stirring for 24h, separating to obtain the cationic hydrogel loaded with the trivalent bismuth ions, finally stirring the cationic hydrogel loaded with the trivalent bismuth ions in 30mL of solution containing 0.70g of sodium borohydride for 2h by an in-situ reduction method, washing the reduced material with pure water, and freeze-drying to obtain the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material (Bi @ hydrogel-20%) loaded with 20% of nano-scale bismuth and used for adsorbing radioactive iodine.
EXAMPLE III
5.17g of (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride solution, 0.15g of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and 0.07g of alpha-ketoglutaric acid were mixed and the mixture was made to volume of 10mL, and N was used to adjust the volume 2 Purging the mixed solution for 10min; heating the mixed solution, and irradiating the mixed solution by using an ultraviolet lamp to perform photopolymerization reaction on the mixed solution to prepare cationic hydrogel (hydrogel);
soaking and washing the prepared cationic hydrogel with pure water, and freeze-drying to obtain dry hydrogel, wherein the soaking and washing is 1 week;
weighing 0.35g of pentahydrate bismuth nitrate into 10mL of ethylene glycol, adding 20mL of pure water after fully dissolving, then weighing 500mg of dry hydrogel, soaking the dry hydrogel into the solution, stirring for 24h, namely separating to obtain the trivalent bismuth ion-loaded cationic hydrogel, finally stirring the trivalent bismuth ion-loaded cationic hydrogel in 30mL of solution containing 1.04g of sodium borohydride by an in-situ reduction method for 2h, washing the reduced material with pure water, and freeze-drying to obtain the 30% nano-scale bismuth-loaded bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material (Bi @ hydrogel-30%) for adsorbing radioactive iodine.
Fig. 6 is XRD patterns of the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite for absorbing radioiodine prepared in examples 1-3 (Bi @ hydrogel-10%, bi @ hydrogel-20%, bi @ hydrogel-30%), the cationic hydrogel (hydrogel) and the elemental bismuth (Bi), and it can be seen from the patterns that the pure cationic hydrogel has a peak at 44.59 °, but almost no peak is found at this point after loading the elemental bismuth, which is attributed to that the loading of bismuth weakens the peak of the hydrogel, and XRD tests are performed on the cationic hydrogel after loading the elemental bismuth, which proves the successful loading of the elemental bismuth in the cationic hydrogel.
FIG. 7 shows the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite for adsorbing radioiodine prepared in example 3 (Bi @)hydrogel-30%) in different acid-base environments, and the Zeta value of the composite material is larger than zero in the pH range of 2-12, which proves that the composite material is positively charged. It is also described from the side that the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material can effectively capture radioactive iodine (I) in a solution through electrostatic interaction in the solution with the pH of 2-12 - 、IO 3 - )。
FIG. 8 is an FTIR chart showing the Bi-based cationic hydrogel composite (Bi @ hydrogel-30%) and the cationic hydrogel for adsorbing radioiodine prepared in example 3, which is observed at 3433cm -1 The strong and wide peak corresponding to O-H vibration shows that water molecules and hydroxyl groups exist and are in 2942cm -1 Tensile vibration at the corresponding alkane group, 1638cm -1 Where corresponds to the C = O bond, 1558cm -1 Position corresponds to C-N bond, 1384cm -1 Is derived from NO 3 - Is caused by the stretching vibration of (2), probably because of the residue in the process of loading the elementary bismuth, 968cm -1 Is positioned corresponding to a C-H bond and 915cm -1 This indicates successful preparation of cationic hydrogels corresponding to the O — H bond, and also indicates that the method of loading elemental bismuth in this example is not destructive to the structure of the cationic hydrogel.
FIG. 9 shows Bi-based cationic hydrogel composite (Bi @ hydrogel-10%, bi @ hydrogel-20%, bi @ hydrogel-30%) and cationic hydrogel material (hydrogel) pair I prepared in examples 1 to 3 for adsorbing radioiodine - The isothermal adsorption curve of (A) shows that pure cationic hydrogel pairs I - The maximum adsorption quantity of the adsorbent can reach 371mg/g; the adsorption capacity of the composite material loaded with 10% of simple substance bismuth can reach 420.7mg/g to the maximum, and is improved by about 49.7mg/g compared with the adsorption capacity before loading, the adsorption capacity of the composite material loaded with 20% of bismuth can reach 406.8mg/g to the maximum, and is improved by about 35.8mg/g compared with the adsorption capacity before loading, the adsorption capacity of the composite material loaded with 30% of bismuth can reach 410.3mg/g to the maximum, and is improved by about 39mg/g compared with the adsorption capacity before loading, which shows that the separation performance of the cationic hydrogel material loaded with nano bismuth on iodide ions is improved.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view ofExamples 1-3 bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite for adsorbing radioiodine (Bi @ hydrogel-10%, bi @ hydrogel-20%, bi @ hydrogel-30%) and cationic hydrogel material (hydrogel) for IO 3 - The isothermal adsorption curve of (A) shows that the pure cationic hydrogel is coupled with IO by comparing the adsorption data 3 - The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent can reach 293mg/g; the adsorption capacity of the composite material loaded with 10% of simple substance bismuth can reach 821.2mg/g to the maximum, and is improved by about 528.2mg/g compared with that before loading, the adsorption capacity of the composite material loaded with 20% of bismuth can reach 736.5mg/g to the maximum, and is improved by about 443.5mg/g compared with that before loading, the adsorption capacity of the composite material loaded with 30% of bismuth can reach 614.2mg/g to the maximum, and is improved by about 321.2mg/g compared with that before loading, which shows that the separation performance of the cationic hydrogel material loaded with nano bismuth on the iodate is greatly improved.
FIG. 11 shows the pair of iodide ions (I) in the Bi-based cationic hydrogel composite (Bi @ hydrogel-30%) prepared in example 3 for adsorbing radioiodine - ) The adsorption kinetics chart of (1) shows that the adsorption equilibrium is reached about 20min from FIG. 11, which shows that the cationic hydrogel pair I loaded with 30% bismuth - Shows rapid removal kinetics, and the fitting of adsorption data by a model of quasi-first order kinetics and quasi-second order kinetics reveals that the cationic hydrogel loaded with 30% bismuth is paired with I - The adsorption of (A) is more in line with a quasi-second order kinetic model.
FIG. 12 shows the para-iodide Ion (IO) of the Bi-based cationic hydrogel composite material (Bi @ hydrogel-30%) in example 3 3 - ) The adsorption kinetics diagram of (1) shows that about 30min of adsorption equilibrium is reached from FIG. 12, which shows that the cationic hydrogel loaded with 30% bismuth is applied to IO 3 - Shows rapid removal kinetics, and the cationic hydrogel loaded with 30% bismuth can be seen to be aligned to IO by fitting adsorption data through quasi-first order kinetics and quasi-second order kinetics models 3 - The adsorption of (2) is more in line with a quasi-second order kinetic model.
FIG. 13 shows the pair of iodide ions (I) of the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite (Bi @ hydrogel-30%) for adsorbing radioiodine prepared in example 3 - ) And Iodate (IO) 3 - ) Simulating a dynamic adsorption penetration curve chart of underground water, filling a certain amount of bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material into an adsorption column, controlling the inner diameter of the adsorption column to be 1cm, and controlling the flow rate to be 3mL/min by a peristaltic pump to ensure that the adsorption column contains 1ppm iodine (I) - 、IO 3 - ) Waste liquid (containing Ca) 2+ ,K + ,Mg 2+ ,Na + ,Cl - ,CO 3 2- ,SO 4 2- ) Passing through the adsorption column from bottom to top at constant speed, and it can be seen from the figure that 30% bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material pair I is loaded when the adsorption column is 873min and 240min respectively - And IO 3 - The adsorption saturation is respectively achieved, and the removal rate of iodide ions and iodate can respectively reach 95.5 percent and 86.1 percent.
The bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for removing the radioactive iodine and the preparation method thereof load simple substance bismuth into the cationic hydrogel through oxidation-reduction reaction, so that the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing the radioactive iodine can capture I in iodine ions and iodate solution through electrostatic interaction - And IO 3 - And then the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel and the iodide ions are effectively fixed in an adsorbing material through chemical interaction, so that the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel has high-efficiency removal capacity on iodide ions (the removal efficiency reaches 95.5%) and iodate (the removal efficiency reaches 86.1%).
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. Any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the scope of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite for adsorbing radioactive iodine, which is in the form of jelly, characterized in that: the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing the radioactive iodine comprises a carrier and an adsorbing material loaded on the carrier, wherein the carrier has a hydrogel structure, the adsorbing material is distributed on the surface of the carrier, part of the adsorbing material is embedded in the carrier, and the adsorbing material consists of a large number of nano particles.
2. The bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite for adsorbing radioactive iodine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carrier is (3-acrylamide propyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, the carrier is hydrogel with a block structure, and the particle size of the carrier is 25-48 mu m.
3. The bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite for adsorbing radioactive iodine according to claim 1, wherein: the average particle size of the adsorbing material is 12nm, and the adsorbing material is simple substance bismuth.
4. A method for preparing the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite for adsorbing radioactive iodine according to claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
mixing (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride solution, N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and alpha-ketoglutaric acid to obtain a mixed solution, and using N 2 Purging the mixed solution for 10min; heating the mixed solution, and irradiating the mixed solution by using an ultraviolet lamp so as to perform photopolymerization reaction on the mixed solution to prepare cationic hydrogel;
soaking and washing the prepared cationic hydrogel with pure water, and freeze-drying to obtain dry hydrogel;
weighing bismuth nitrate pentahydrate according to a certain loading amount, adding 20mL of pure water after fully dissolving the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate in 10mL of ethylene glycol, then weighing a certain mass of dry hydrogel, soaking the dry hydrogel in the solution, stirring for 24h, separating to obtain cationic hydrogel loaded with trivalent bismuth ions, finally stirring the cationic hydrogel loaded with trivalent bismuth ions in a sodium borohydride solution for 2h by an in-situ reduction method, washing the reduced material with pure water, and freeze-drying to obtain the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine.
5. The method for preparing the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine according to claim 4, characterized in that: the soaking and washing time is 1 week.
6. The method for preparing the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine according to claim 4, characterized in that: the molar ratio of the (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride to the N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide to the α -ketoglutaric acid is 50.
7. The method for preparing the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine according to claim 4, characterized in that: the heating temperature was 45 ℃.
8. The method for preparing the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite material for adsorbing radioactive iodine according to claim 4, characterized in that: the irradiation time is 1-2 h.
9. The method for preparing the bismuth-based cationic hydrogel composite for adsorbing radioactive iodine according to claim 4, wherein: the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is 365nm.
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