CN115642267A - Fuel cell, and plate and bipolar plate assembly for fuel cell - Google Patents
Fuel cell, and plate and bipolar plate assembly for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN115642267A CN115642267A CN202211378754.1A CN202211378754A CN115642267A CN 115642267 A CN115642267 A CN 115642267A CN 202211378754 A CN202211378754 A CN 202211378754A CN 115642267 A CN115642267 A CN 115642267A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000004310 Ion Channels Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
A fuel cell, and a plate and bipolar plate assembly for a fuel cell are disclosed. The polar plate includes: the first flow field structure is positioned on the first surface of the substrate, is used for supplying a first reactant to the membrane electrode assembly, and penetrates through the first through hole, the first through hole and the second through hole of the substrate; the first through hole is adjacent to the first side edge of the substrate, the second through hole is adjacent to the second side edge of the substrate, the first reactant flows into the first through hole on the second surface of the substrate through the first flow guide structure, enters the first surface of the substrate through the first through hole, enters the first flow field structure through the second flow guide structure, and the first reactant flows into the first flow field structure through at least two stages of flow guide structures to reduce turbulence. The anode and the cathode adopt a mode of gas inlet and outlet on the back of the polar plate, so that the gas turbulence intensity can be reduced, the distribution uniformity is improved, and the electrochemical performance is improved; meanwhile, the sealing performance of gas between the cathode plate and the anode plate of the battery can be improved, and the risk of gas leakage is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to fuel cells, and more particularly, to fuel cells, and to plate and bipolar plate assemblies for fuel cells.
Background
A fuel cell is a power generation device that obtains electrical energy by electrochemically reacting a fuel such as methanol or hydrogen with an oxidizing gas in a catalyst layer of a membrane electrode assembly. The fuel cell includes an electrolyte membrane, and catalyst layers, diffusion layers, and anode and cathode plates located on both side surfaces of the electrolyte membrane.
During operation of the fuel cell, fuel fluid is transferred to the surface of the membrane electrode assembly through the flow channels of the anode flow field of the bipolar plate, and the transfer process inside the membrane electrode assembly is that the fuel fluid diffuses to the anode catalyst layer through the diffusion layer and emits electrons to form positive ions under the action of the catalyst layer. The electrons are transferred from the surface of the catalyst to the bipolar plate through the diffusion layer, then transferred from the bipolar plate to an external circuit, then transferred from the external circuit to the cathode bipolar plate, transferred from the cathode bipolar plate to the diffusion layer, and transferred from the diffusion layer to the cathode catalyst layer; the cations are transferred to the cathode side catalyst layer via the electrolyte membrane. The oxidizing gas combines with the electrons transferred from the anode on the cathode catalyst layer to form anions, which combine with the cations transferred through the electrolyte membrane to form water, thereby forming a complete electronic circuit and ionic circuit. The electrolyte membrane serves both as an ion channel and a barrier to gas and electrons.
The turbulence intensity of the fluid in the fuel cell is too high before the fluid enters the reaction area of the main flow field, which increases the difficulty of mass transfer inside the flow field, causes uneven distribution of the fluid on the reaction surface, and thus causes low electrochemical performance of the cell. The polar plate of the fuel cell has higher requirement on the processing precision, and the processing flow is more complicated, so that the processing efficiency and the yield are lower.
There is a need in the industry for better solutions that further reduce the turbulence of the fuel cell reactants before entering the main reaction zone, improve the uniformity of their distribution across the reaction surface, and reduce the cost of manufacturing the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell, and a plate and a bipolar plate assembly for the fuel cell, wherein the plate adopts a novel gas inlet/outlet and distribution manner, and the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas both adopt a gas inlet/outlet manner on the back side of the plate, which can reduce the turbulent motion strength of the gas before entering or exiting the flow field, reduce the difficulty of mass transfer, and improve the distribution uniformity of the gas on the reaction surface, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the cell; meanwhile, the tightness of gas between the cathode substrate and the anode plate of the battery can be improved, and the risk of gas leakage is reduced.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a plate for a fuel cell, characterized by comprising: a substrate; at least one first flow field structure on the first surface of the substrate for supplying a first reactant to a membrane electrode assembly of a fuel cell; at least one first through hole, which is adjacent to the first side edge of the substrate and penetrates through the substrate, and is connected with one end of the corresponding first flow guide structure through a transverse opening of the side wall of the first through hole on the second surface of the substrate; at least one first through hole corresponding to the first through hole and penetrating through the substrate, the first through hole being connected to the other end of the first flow guide structure on the second surface of the substrate, the first through hole being connected to the corresponding first flow field structure through the second flow guide structure via the lateral opening on the sidewall of the first through hole on the first surface of the substrate to flow in or out the first reactant; the second through hole is close to the second side edge of the substrate, penetrates through the substrate, and is respectively connected with the corresponding first flow field structure through the transverse opening on the side wall of the second through hole through the third flow guide structure so as to flow out or flow in a first reactant, and the first side edge and the second side edge are opposite to each other; wherein the first reactant flows into or out of the first flow field structure from the first through hole through at least two stages of flow guide structures to reduce turbulence in the first flow field structure.
Preferably, the plate further comprises: and the second communication hole corresponds to the second through hole and penetrates through the substrate, is connected with the corresponding first flow field structure through the transverse opening on the side wall of the second communication hole on the first surface of the substrate through the third flow guide structure, and is connected with the second through hole through the transverse opening on the side wall of the second communication hole on the second surface of the substrate through the fourth flow guide structure.
Preferably, the lateral opening of the at least one first through hole and the lateral opening of a respective one of the at least one second through hole are opposite to each other in the direction of the first side edge.
Preferably, the first flow field structure comprises a plurality of first flow channels separated from each other by a plurality of ridges, the plurality of first flow channels extending from an inlet side of the first flow field structure to an outlet side of the first flow field structure.
Preferably, the first flow guiding structure and the fourth flow guiding structure are located on the second surface of the substrate, and the second flow guiding structure and the third flow guiding structure are located on the first surface of the substrate; the first flow guide structure comprises a plurality of first flow guide grooves which are separated from one another by a plurality of first side walls, and the first flow guide grooves are arranged in parallel and extend to the first communication holes from the transverse openings of the corresponding first through holes; the second flow guide structure comprises a plurality of second flow guide grooves which are separated from each other by a plurality of second side walls, and the second flow guide grooves are distributed in a radial shape and extend from the transverse openings of the corresponding first communication holes to the inlet side of the first flow field structure; the third flow guiding structure comprises a plurality of third flow guiding grooves which are separated from each other by a plurality of third side walls, and the third flow guiding grooves are distributed in a radial shape and extend from the transverse openings of the corresponding second communication holes to the outlet side of the first flow field structure; the fourth diversion structure comprises a plurality of fourth diversion grooves which are separated from each other by a plurality of fourth side walls, and the plurality of fourth diversion grooves are arranged in parallel and extend to the second communication holes from the transverse openings of the corresponding second through holes.
Preferably, the plurality of first flow channels of the first flow field structure are any one of linear flow channels, curved flow channels and serpentine flow channels.
Preferably, the plate further comprises: the groove is located on the first surface of the substrate, the groove and the second flow guide structure or the third flow guide structure are arranged in parallel and are not communicated with each other, and the groove is used for reducing the weight of the polar plate.
Preferably, the number of the second guide grooves of the second guide structure and the number of the third guide grooves of the third guide structure are respectively 3 to 9.
Preferably, the plate further comprises: at least one third through hole, which is adjacent to the first side of the substrate and penetrates through the substrate, for flowing a second reactant; at least one fourth through hole, which is adjacent to the second side edge of the substrate and penetrates through the substrate, and is used for flowing out a second reactant; at least one fifth through hole which is adjacent to the first side of the substrate and penetrates through the substrate and is used for flowing in a cooling medium; and at least one sixth through hole which is adjacent to the second side edge of the substrate and penetrates through the substrate and is used for flowing out a cooling medium.
Preferably, the first through-hole, the at least one second through-hole, the at least one third through-hole, the at least one fourth through-hole, and the at least one fifth through-hole are aligned on the first side of the substrate in the order of the first through-hole, the fifth through-hole, and the third through-hole, and the at least one second through-hole, the at least one fourth through-hole, and the at least one sixth through-hole are aligned on the second side of the substrate in the order of the fourth through-hole, the sixth through-hole, and the second through-hole.
Preferably, the cross-sectional area of the third through-hole is 1 to 4 times the cross-sectional area of the first through-hole, the cross-sectional area of the third through-hole is 1.5 to 5 times the cross-sectional area of the fifth through-hole, and the cross-sectional area of the fifth through-hole is 1.5 to 4 times the cross-sectional area of the first through-hole.
Preferably, the plate further comprises: and the at least one cooling unit is positioned on the second surface of the substrate, is connected with the at least one fifth through hole and the at least one sixth through hole, and is used for supplying a cooling medium to the second surface of the polar plate.
Preferably, the plate further comprises: the third through hole is connected with the corresponding first communication area through a transverse opening on the side wall of the third through hole via a fifth flow guide structure, the fifth flow guide structure comprises a plurality of fifth flow guide grooves which are separated from each other by a plurality of fifth side walls, and the fifth flow guide grooves are arranged in parallel; the fourth through hole is connected with the corresponding second communicating area through a sixth flow guide structure through a transverse opening in the side wall of the fourth through hole, the sixth flow guide structure comprises a plurality of sixth flow guide grooves which are separated from one another by a plurality of sixth side walls, and the sixth flow guide grooves are arranged in parallel.
Preferably, the plate further comprises: at least one blocking ring corresponds to at least one of the first communication hole, the second communication hole, the first communication area and the second communication area, the blocking ring is in a semi-surrounding shape, and an opening of the blocking ring points to a flow guide structure corresponding to the blocking ring.
Preferably, the substrate further comprises a third side and a fourth side opposite to each other, and a tab is formed on the third side and/or the fourth side, and the tab is used as a detection terminal in a detection state of the fuel cell.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bipolar plate assembly for a fuel cell, comprising: a first plate, the first plate being any one of the plates described above; the first surface of the substrate of the second polar plate is provided with at least one second flow field structure, a seventh flow guide structure and an eighth flow guide structure which are respectively connected with the inlet side and the outlet side of the second flow field structure and used for supplying a second reactant to a membrane electrode assembly of the fuel cell; a gasket having a perimeter frame contacting peripheral portions of the first and second plates, a central opening exposing active areas of the first and second plates; the second polar plate is provided with a plurality of through holes which are aligned and communicated with the plurality of through holes in the first polar plate, and at least one third communicating hole and at least one fourth communicating hole which penetrate through the second polar plate, wherein the third communicating hole corresponds to the first communicating area of the first polar plate, and the fourth communicating hole corresponds to the second communicating area of the first polar plate; the second reactant passes through a third through hole of the first polar plate, flows into a third communicating hole of the second polar plate through a fifth flow guide structure and a first communicating area, and flows into the second flow field structure from the third communicating hole through a seventh flow guide structure; and the second reactant passes through the eighth flow guide structure, passes through the fourth communication hole, the second communication area of the first substrate and the sixth flow guide structure and flows out of the fourth through hole.
Preferably, the first electrode plate further comprises at least one cooling unit, the at least one cooling unit is located on the second surface of the substrate of the first electrode plate, is connected with the at least one fifth through hole and the at least one sixth through hole, and is used for supplying a cooling medium to the second surface.
Preferably, the second surface of the second plate is planar.
Preferably, the second pole plate has a thickness smaller than that of the first pole plate.
Preferably, the first electrode plate is an anode electrode plate, the second electrode plate is a cathode electrode plate, the first reactant is a fuel gas, and the second reactant is an oxidizing gas.
Preferably, at least one side surface of the sealing gasket is provided with a bulge surrounding at least part of the through hole.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell comprising: a repeating member including an anode plate, a cathode plate, and a membrane electrode assembly sandwiched therebetween, a first group of main lines, a second group of main lines, and a third group of main lines extending in a stacking direction being formed at side edge portions of the repeating member; and the end plates are positioned on two sides of the repeating component and used for clamping the repeating component, and the end plates on at least one side are also provided with flow distribution devices used for conveying fuel fluid, oxidizing gas and cooling medium to the first group of main pipelines, the second group of main pipelines and the third group of main pipelines respectively, wherein at least one of the anode plate and the cathode plate is the plate in any one of the above contents.
According to the fuel cell, the polar plate and the bipolar plate assembly for the fuel cell, which are provided by the invention, the polar plate adopts a novel air inlet and outlet and distribution mode, the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas both adopt an air inlet and outlet mode on the back surface (second surface) of the polar plate, and the flow guide structure is also arranged on the back surface, so that the fluid can be communicated with the flow field structure only by passing through at least two stages of flow guide structures, the mode can effectively reduce the turbulent motion degree of the gas fluid before entering or exiting the flow field, reduce the mass transfer difficulty, and improve the uniformity of the distribution of the gas on the reaction surface, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the cell; meanwhile, the scheme can also improve the sealing performance of gas between the cathode plate and the anode plate of the battery and reduce the leakage risk.
Furthermore, the second surface of one polar plate in the bipolar plate component is a plane, so that the second surface does not participate in the flow field processing (stamping or etching) process of the polar plate, compared with the double-sided processing of the polar plate, one processing procedure is reduced, and the planar polar plate can adopt the design with thinner thickness due to the planar design on one side, so that the processing efficiency of the polar plate is improved, the reject ratio is reduced, the cost, the volume and the weight are reduced, and the power density of the fuel cell is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of modular units can be designed on the surface of the plate, each unit has a respective flow field structure, a pair of through holes separated from each other, a pair of flow guide structures and the like. The design makes it possible to flexibly set the number of plates and the number of distribution units on the plates to enlarge or reduce the active area according to the power requirements of the fuel cell. When increasing the number of plates and/or the number of modular units, an even distribution of fluid between the plurality of modular units in each bipolar plate can still be ensured. Further, when a portion of the modular units of the plate fails, for example, due to reactant flow being blocked, the failed unit fails to operate properly, and another portion of the modular units of the plate can still maintain normal operation. That is, the characteristic that at least some of the plurality of power generation units constituting the fuel cell can maintain normal operation even when other parts are partially failed, showing only a reduction in the overall output power of the fuel cell stack, and the failure occurs locally in the stack, while the normal operation of the entire stack can be maintained is called adaptivity. Therefore, the fuel cell using the plate can realize flexible modular design and improve reliability.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a top view of a first surface of an anode plate for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows an enlarged partial schematic view of a single modular unit of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 illustrates a top view of a second surface of an anode plate for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows an enlarged partial schematic view of a single cooling unit of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 illustrates a top view of a first surface of a cathode plate for a fuel cell in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a schematic enlarged view of a portion of a single modular unit of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 illustrates a top view of a second surface of a cathode plate for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 isbase:Sub>A partially enlarged schematic view ofbase:Sub>A repeating member inbase:Sub>A fuel cell according to an embodiment of the invention, taken along section linebase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A in fig. 7;
fig. 9 shows a schematic view of a frame structure of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. The invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
In the present application, the term "ultra-fine dense flow field structure" refers to a flow channel structure in which the width of the flow channel and the width of the ridge are both between 30 and 500 micrometers, and the width of the flow channel groove is usually greater than or equal to the width of the ridge, and may also be smaller than the width of the ridge. Further, all terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a first surface of an anode plate for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, the substrate 100 of which has a substantially rectangular shape including first and second sides opposite to each other, and third and fourth sides opposite to each other. A plurality of sets of through holes are formed in the vicinity of the first side of the substrate 100, and each set of through holes includes a first through hole (110), a fifth through hole (150), and a third through hole (130) arranged in sequence. A plurality of sets of through holes are formed in the vicinity of the second side of the substrate 100, and each set of through holes includes a fourth through hole 140, a sixth through hole 160, and a second through hole 120, which are sequentially arranged. A first flow field structure 101 is disposed between the first side and the second side, the first flow field structure 101 comprising a plurality of flow channels extending from the inlet to the outlet, the plurality of flow channels being separated from one another by ridges, the plurality of flow channels of the anode plate being open at the first surface to deliver fuel fluid not only along the first surface but also to the anode side of the membrane electrode assembly via the openings. The plurality of flow channels can be straight flow channels, curved flow channels, serpentine flow channels or other different designs. In the embodiment shown in the figures, serpentine flow channels are shown extending in the direction along the first side and in the direction perpendicular to the first side. Preferably, the serpentine flow channel design is used to increase the flow path length of the fuel fluid, thereby increasing the pressure resistance of the fuel fluid as it passes through the flow field. As the pressure resistance increases, the distribution of the fuel fluid over the anode plate is more uniform. Meanwhile, the concentration of the fuel fluid in the plane direction of the membrane electrode assembly is improved, and the energy loss of the electrochemical reaction is reduced. The first flow field structure 101 is, for example, an ultra-fine dense flow channel design, which significantly improves flooding of the anode side in the repeating member. Further, tabs (not shown) may be formed at the third and fourth sides of the substrate 100. The pole ear can be used as a detection terminal for connecting detected instrument equipment.
In a fuel cell, side portions of a repeating member therein are provided with a first group of main manifolds, a second group of main manifolds, and a third group of main manifolds extending in a stacking direction for supplying a fuel fluid, an oxidizing gas, and a cooling medium to respective flow fields of bipolar plates, respectively. In fig. 1, the first through-hole 110 and the second through-hole 120 of the anode plate form a part of an inflow path and an outflow path of the first group of the main lines, respectively, the third through-hole 130 and the fourth through-hole 140 form a part of an inflow path and an outflow path of the second group of the main lines, respectively, and the fifth through-hole 150 and the sixth through-hole 160 form a part of an inflow path and an outflow path of the third group of the main lines, respectively.
The sectional areas of the first to third sets of main lines on the surface of the bipolar plate (i.e., the sectional areas of the corresponding through holes) can be determined according to actual design requirements. Preferably, the cross-sectional area of the third through-hole 130 is 1 to 4 times the cross-sectional area of the first through-hole 110, the cross-sectional area of the third through-hole 130 is 1.5 to 5 times the cross-sectional area of the fifth through-hole 150, and the cross-sectional area of the fifth through-hole 150 is 1.5 to 4 times the cross-sectional area of the first through-hole 110. Of course, the cross-sectional area ratios among the second through-hole 120, the fourth through-hole 140, and the sixth through-hole 160 are the same as those of the corresponding inflow through-holes.
The cross-sectional shapes of the first through-hole 110 to the sixth through-hole of the anode plate are, for example, rounded rectangles, wherein the cross-sectional shapes and the sizes of the first through-hole 110 and the second through-hole 120 are the same, the cross-sectional shapes and the sizes of the third through-hole 130 and the fourth through-hole 140 are the same, and the cross-sectional shapes and the sizes of the fifth through-hole 150 and the sixth through-hole 160 are the same.
The anode plate is further provided with a first communication hole 112 near the first through hole 110, the first communication hole 112 is located between the first flow field structure 101 and the first through hole 110, the first communication hole 112 also penetrates through the substrate 100 of the anode plate, the first communication hole 112 is connected with the inlet end of the corresponding first flow field structure 101 through the lateral opening on the sidewall of the first surface of the substrate 100, similarly, a second communication hole 122 is further provided near the second communication hole 120, the second communication hole 122 is located between the first flow field 101 and the second through hole 120, the second communication hole 122 also penetrates through the substrate 100 of the anode plate, and the second communication hole 122 is connected with the outlet end of the corresponding first flow field structure 101 through the lateral opening on the sidewall of the first surface of the substrate 100.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the anode plate adopts a structure of combining a plurality of modular units to shorten the flow field width corresponding to each fluid main channel, for example, 5 unit structures are shown in fig. 1, each unit width is 15-100mm, the ridge width of the first flow field structure is 0.05-0.5mm, the groove width is 0.02-0.4mm, and the groove depth is 0.03-0.5mm, and this design can enhance the moisture retention capability of the fuel gas on the first surface of the anode substrate, increase the pressure resistance of the fuel gas, make the fuel gas more uniformly distributed on the plate of the cell stack, promote the full reaction of the fuel and the oxidizing gas, and thus improve the utilization rate of hydrogen. In a single unit, the first communication hole 112 is connected to the inlet end of the first flow field structure 101 through the second flow guiding structure 113, the second communication hole 122 is connected to the outlet end of the first flow field structure 101 through the third flow guiding structure 123, the second flow guiding structure 113 includes, for example, a plurality of second flow guiding slots 1132 separated from each other by a plurality of second sidewalls 1131, and the plurality of second flow guiding slots 1132 are radially distributed and extend from the transverse openings of the corresponding first communication holes 112 to the inlet side of the first flow field structure 101; the third flow guiding structure 123 includes, for example, a plurality of third flow guiding grooves 1232 separated from each other by a plurality of third sidewalls 1231, and the plurality of third flow guiding grooves 1232 are radially distributed and extend from the lateral openings of the corresponding second communication holes 122 to the outlet side of the first flow field structure 101.
Further, in order to reduce the weight of the anode plate, a groove 170 is further disposed in a region between the through hole and the first flow field structure 101, the groove 170 is located on the first surface of the substrate 100, and the groove 170 is disposed in parallel with the second flow guiding structure 113 or the third flow guiding structure 123 and is not communicated with the second flow guiding structure or the third flow guiding structure.
FIG. 3 illustrates a top view of a second surface of an anode plate for a fuel cell in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; the second surface of the anode plate is provided with a cooling unit, specifically, the second surface of the substrate 100 is provided with a second flow field structure 102 for circulating cooling liquid, the fifth through hole 150 is connected with the inlet end of the second flow field structure 102, and the sixth through hole 160 is connected with the outlet end of the second flow field structure 102. Certainly, the second flow field structure 102 may also have a flow channel design similar to that of the first flow field structure 101, which is not described herein again, and the shape and size of the flow channel of the second flow field structure 102 may be adjusted according to actual situations. Further, a sealing frame 400 having a shape shown by a dotted line is disposed on the second surface of the anode plate, the sealing frame 400 includes a first sealing area 410 (a shaded area in the figure) and a second sealing area 420, the first sealing area 410 is located at a distribution area for fuel, oxidizing gas and cooling fluid, the first sealing area 410 has an increased thickness or a narrower width compared with the second sealing area 420, and the special design can optimize the support of the anode plate, so that the sealing performance of the stack against fluid can be ensured under a smaller pre-load force. Even under the condition that the internal temperature of the fuel cell is increased, the sealing frame can adapt to the pressure change caused by expansion and contraction of heat and cold among the components of the stack so as to maintain the sealing performance.
In order to more clearly show the specific flow paths of the fuel fluid and the oxidizing gas in the anode plate, referring to fig. 4, the fuel fluid flows into the first communication hole 112 through the first through hole 110 on the second surface of the anode plate via the first flow guiding structure 111, and then enters the inlet end of the first flow field structure 101 through the first communication hole 112 via the second flow guiding structure 113 on the first surface; the fuel fluid flows from the outlet end of the first flow field structure 101, through the third flow guide structure 123 into the second communication hole 122, and then flows through the second communication hole 122 and the fourth flow guide structure 121 on the second surface into the second through hole 120. The first flow guiding structure 111 includes a plurality of first flow guiding grooves 1112 separated from each other by a plurality of first sidewalls 1111, the plurality of first flow guiding grooves 1112 are arranged in parallel and extend from the transverse opening of the corresponding first through hole 110 to the first through hole 112; the fourth diversion structure 121 includes a plurality of fourth diversion grooves 1212 partitioned by a plurality of fourth sidewalls 1211 from each other, and the plurality of fourth diversion grooves 1212 are arranged in parallel and extend from the lateral openings of the corresponding second through holes 120 to the second communication holes 122. Further, on the second surface of the substrate 100, a blocking ring 104 surrounding the first communication hole 112 is further disposed, the blocking ring 104 is in a semi-enclosed shape, and the opening of the blocking ring 104 faces the first flow guide structure 111, and the blocking ring 104 can effectively block the fuel fluid from flowing to the second flow field structure 102 beyond the first communication hole 112. Of course, a similar stopper ring 104 is also provided at the second communication hole 122, and will not be described herein.
The oxidizing gas flows into the first communication area 132 through the fifth diversion structure 131 on the second surface of the anode plate through the third through hole 130, the first communication area 132 in the anode plate corresponds to the communication hole in the cathode plate, and the oxidizing gas can enter the flow field structure on the first surface of the cathode plate through the communication hole corresponding to the cathode plate through the first communication area 132; the oxidizing gas in the cathode plate may enter the second communication region 142 of the anode plate through the corresponding communication hole thereof, and flow into the fourth through hole 140 through the sixth flow guiding structure 141. Further, a blocking ring 104 is also disposed at the first communication region 132 and the second communication region 142 to block the flow of the oxidizing gas to the second flow field structure 102. The fifth flow guide structure 131 is similar to the first flow guide structure 111, and also includes a plurality of fifth flow guide grooves 1312 separated from each other by a plurality of fifth sidewalls 1311, and the fifth flow guide grooves 1312 are arranged in parallel and extend from the lateral openings of the corresponding third through holes 130 to the first communication region 132. The sixth flow guide structure 141 is similar to the fifth flow guide structure 131, and includes a plurality of sixth flow guide grooves 1412 separated from each other by a plurality of sixth sidewalls 1411, and the plurality of sixth flow guide grooves 1412 are arranged in parallel and extend from the lateral openings of the corresponding fourth through holes 140 to the second communication region 142.
FIG. 5 illustrates a top view of a first surface of a cathode plate for a fuel cell in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; the substrate 200 of the cathode plate is provided with first to sixth through holes 210-260 corresponding to the anode plate, similarly, a third flow field structure 201 is arranged between the through holes at the first side and the second side of the cathode plate, for providing the circulation of oxidizing gas, flow channels in the third flow field structure 201 are, for example, multiple rows of parallel straight flow channels from left to right, the width of each unit flow field structure is 15-100mm, the ridge width is 0.02-0.4mm, the groove width is 0.05-0.5mm, and the groove depth is 0.03-0.5 mm.
A tab 202 is formed on the third side of the substrate 200, and the tab 202 can be used as a detection terminal for connecting instrumentation equipment for detection. Further, the cathode plate is further provided with third and fourth communication holes 232 and 242 corresponding to the third and fourth through holes 230 and 240, and the third and fourth communication holes 232 and 242 correspond to the first and second communication regions 132 and 142 in the anode plate, respectively.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the third communication hole 232 is connected to the inlet end of the third flow field structure 201 through a seventh flow guide structure 233, the fourth communication hole 242 is connected to the outlet end of the third flow field structure 201 through an eighth flow guide structure 243, the seventh flow guide structure 233 includes, for example, a plurality of seventh flow guide grooves 2332 spaced apart from each other by a plurality of seventh side walls 2331, and the plurality of seventh flow guide grooves 2332 are radially distributed and extend from the lateral openings of the corresponding third communication holes 232 to the inlet side of the third flow field structure 201; the eighth flow guiding structure 243 includes, for example, a plurality of eighth flow guiding grooves 2432 separated from each other by a plurality of eighth sidewalls 2431, and the plurality of eighth flow guiding grooves 2432 are radially distributed and extend from the lateral openings of the corresponding fourth communication holes 242 to the outlet side of the third flow field structure 201. Further, in order to reduce the weight of the anode plate, a groove similar to the anode plate may be provided, which is not described herein again.
Fig. 7 is a top view of the second surface of the cathode plate, and it can be seen from the figure that the second surface of the cathode plate is a plane, and the second surface of the cathode plate is not provided with flow channels, flow guiding structures and other designs, so that the processing is more convenient, and the thickness of the cathode plate can be correspondingly reduced. In a stack formed by stacking a plurality of repeated sections in a fuel cell, a second surface of a cathode plate is disposed opposite to a second surface of an anode plate, and the cathode plate is cooled by a cooling unit of the second surface of the anode plate, and a sealing frame 400, for example, is disposed between the second surface of the anode plate and the second surface of the cathode plate.
In order to show the source and flow direction of the oxidizing gas in the cathode plate, the stack formed by stackingbase:Sub>A plurality of repeating members is cut along thebase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A cross section in fig. 7, andbase:Sub>A partial longitudinal cross section is shown as fig. 8, in which fig. 8 includes an anode plate,base:Sub>A sealing frame 400,base:Sub>A cathode plate,base:Sub>A membrane electrode assembly 300, and another anode plate in sequence from top to bottom; the first surface of the anode plate faces upward, the topmost anode plate, the sealing frame 400 and the cathode plate jointly form the bipolar plate assembly 11, the oxidizing gas enters the first communication area 132 through the fifth flow guide structure 131 on the second surface of the anode plate from the second group of main pipes 21 along the directions of the dotted lines and the arrows, enters the first surface of the cathode plate through the third communication hole 232 of the cathode plate corresponding to the first communication area 132, and enters the third flow field structure 201 through the seventh flow guide structure 233; the oxidizing gas enters the fourth communication hole 242 from the third flow field structure 201 through the eighth flow guide structure 243, passes through the cathode plate, enters the second communication area 142 on the second surface of the anode plate, passes through the sixth flow guide structure 141 of the anode plate, and then enters the second group of main pipes 22 to flow out. The second surface of the anode plate is opposite to the second surface of the cathode plate, and the cooling unit of the anode plate is located on the second surface, that is, the cooling medium in the second flow field structure 102 of the anode plate can cool the anode plate and the cathode plate at the same time. In fig. 8, the remaining part except the uppermost anode plate and the gasket 400 is, for example, the repeating member 10 in the fuel cell, and the stack of the fuel cell is formed by stacking a plurality of the repeating members 10 and the gaskets 400 between the repeating members 10. The repeating unit 10 includes a cathode plate, an anode plate, and a membrane electrode assembly 300 sandwiched between the two plates. The repeating unit 133 is provided at a side portion with a first group of main lines, a second group of main lines, and a third group of main lines extending in the stacking direction for supplying the fuel fluid, the oxidizing gas, and the cooling medium to the respective flow field structures in the bipolar plates, respectively.
Of course, the structures of the anode plate and the cathode plate can be interchanged, that is, one side surface of the anode plate is a plane, and the thickness of the anode plate is smaller than that of the cathode plate. Or the polar plate adopts an asymmetric design, the through hole is arranged only on one of the first side edge or the second side edge of the polar plate, so that the fluid enters the first surface from the second surface through the flow guide structure via the through hole and then is communicated with the flow field structure through the flow guide structure, and the fluid in the flow field structure is directly connected with the through hole through the single flow guide structure on the other side edge of the polar plate. Or the fifth flow guide structure and the sixth flow guide structure are arranged on the second surface of the cathode plate, so that the fuel fluid and the oxidizing gas in the anode plate and the cathode plate are communicated to the first surface of the anode plate and the cathode plate through the second surfaces of the anode plate and the cathode plate through the communication holes. The above structures and their modifications are also within the scope of the present application.
Fig. 9 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. The fuel cell is schematically shown with a stack formed by stacking repeating members 10 omitted, and includes a first end plate 21, a second end plate 22, a plurality of stacked repeating members 10 disposed between the first end plate 21 and the second end plate 22, and a tie rod 30 connecting the first end plate 21 and the second end plate 22, wherein the second end plate 22 is provided with a flow distribution device 23 corresponding to the repeating members 10 to supply a fuel fluid, an oxidizing gas, and a cooling medium to a first group of main lines, a second group of main lines, and a third group of main lines in the repeating members 10, respectively.
The fuel cell according to the above embodiment of the present invention can be applied to an electric vehicle, and since the fuel cell has high power density and good large current discharge performance, the power performance, fuel utilization efficiency, and mileage of the vehicle can be improved.
According to the fuel cell, the polar plate and the bipolar plate assembly for the fuel cell, which are provided by the invention, the polar plate adopts a novel air inlet and outlet and distribution mode, the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas both adopt an air inlet and outlet mode on the back surface (second surface) of the polar plate, and the flow guide structure is also arranged on the back surface, so that the fluid can be communicated with the flow field structure only by passing through at least two stages of flow guide structures, the mode can effectively reduce the turbulent motion degree of the gas fluid before entering or exiting the flow field, reduce the mass transfer difficulty, and improve the uniformity of the distribution of the gas on the reaction surface, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the cell; meanwhile, the scheme can also improve the sealing performance of gas between the cathode plate and the anode plate of the battery and reduce the leakage risk.
Furthermore, the second surface of one polar plate in the bipolar plate component is a plane, so that the second surface does not participate in the flow field processing (stamping or etching) process of the polar plate, compared with the double-sided processing of the polar plate, one processing procedure is reduced, and the planar polar plate can adopt the design with thinner thickness due to the planar design on one side, so that the processing efficiency of the polar plate is improved, the reject ratio is reduced, the cost, the volume and the weight are reduced, the power density of the fuel cell is improved, and the power-weight ratio of a pile in the fuel cell is improved.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a," "8230," "8230," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Finally, it should be noted that: it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And need not be exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (22)
1. A plate for a fuel cell, comprising:
a substrate;
at least one first flow field structure on the first surface of the substrate for supplying a first reactant to a membrane electrode assembly of a fuel cell;
at least one first through hole, which is adjacent to the first side edge of the substrate and penetrates through the substrate, and is connected with one end of the corresponding first flow guide structure through a transverse opening of the side wall of the first through hole on the second surface of the substrate;
at least one first through hole corresponding to the first through hole and penetrating through the substrate, wherein the first through hole is connected with the other end of the first flow guide structure on the second surface of the substrate, and the first through hole is connected with the corresponding first flow field structure through the second flow guide structure through a transverse opening on the side wall of the first through hole on the first surface of the substrate so as to flow in or flow out a first reactant; and
at least one second through hole, which is adjacent to the second side edge of the substrate and penetrates through the substrate, and is connected with the corresponding first flow field structure through a transverse opening on the side wall of the second through hole via a third flow guide structure so as to flow out or in a first reactant, wherein the first side edge and the second side edge are opposite to each other;
wherein the first reactant flows into or out of the first flow field structure from the first through hole through at least two stages of flow guide structures to reduce turbulence in the first flow field structure.
2. The plate of claim 1, wherein the plate further comprises:
and the second communication hole corresponds to the second through hole and penetrates through the substrate, is connected with the corresponding first flow field structure through the transverse opening on the side wall of the second communication hole on the first surface of the substrate through the third flow guide structure, and is connected with the second through hole through the transverse opening on the side wall of the second communication hole on the second surface of the substrate through the fourth flow guide structure.
3. The pole plate according to claim 2, wherein the lateral opening of the at least one first through hole and the lateral opening of a respective second through hole of the at least one second through hole are opposite to each other in the direction of the first side edge.
4. The plate of claim 2, wherein the first flow field structure includes a plurality of first flow channels separated from one another by a plurality of ridges, the plurality of first flow channels extending from an inlet side of the first flow field structure to an outlet side of the first flow field structure.
5. The plate as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first and fourth flow directing structures are located at the second surface of the substrate and the second and third flow directing structures are located at the first surface of the substrate;
the first flow guide structure comprises a plurality of first flow guide grooves which are separated from each other by a plurality of first side walls, and the first flow guide grooves are arranged in parallel and extend to the first communication holes from the transverse openings of the corresponding first through holes;
the second flow guide structure comprises a plurality of second flow guide grooves which are separated from each other by a plurality of second side walls, and the second flow guide grooves are distributed in a radial shape and extend from the transverse openings of the corresponding first communication holes to the inlet side of the first flow field structure;
the third flow guiding structure comprises a plurality of third flow guiding grooves which are separated from each other by a plurality of third side walls, and the third flow guiding grooves are distributed in a radial shape and extend from the transverse openings of the corresponding second communication holes to the outlet side of the first flow field structure;
the fourth flow guiding structure comprises a plurality of fourth flow guiding grooves which are separated from each other by a plurality of fourth side walls, and the fourth flow guiding grooves are arranged in parallel and extend to the second communication holes from the transverse openings of the corresponding second through holes.
6. The plate of claim 4, wherein the first plurality of flow channels of the first flow field structure are any one of linear, curvilinear, and serpentine flow channels.
7. The plate of claim 5, wherein the plate further comprises:
the groove is located on the first surface of the substrate, the groove and the second flow guide structure or the third flow guide structure are arranged in parallel and are not communicated with each other, and the groove is used for reducing the weight of the polar plate.
8. The plate electrode of claim 5, wherein the number of the second flow channels of the second flow guide structure and the number of the third flow channels of the third flow guide structure are respectively 3 to 9.
9. The plate of claim 5, further comprising:
at least one third through hole, which is adjacent to the first side of the substrate and penetrates through the substrate, for flowing a second reactant;
at least one fourth through hole, which is adjacent to the second side of the substrate and penetrates through the substrate, for flowing out the second reactant;
at least one fifth through hole which is adjacent to the first side of the substrate, penetrates through the substrate and is used for flowing a cooling medium; and
and the sixth through hole is adjacent to the second side edge of the substrate, penetrates through the substrate and is used for flowing out a cooling medium.
10. The plate of claim 9, wherein the first through-hole, the at least one second through-hole, the at least one third through-hole, the at least one fourth through-hole, and the at least one fifth through-hole are aligned in the order of the first through-hole, the fifth through-hole, and the third through-hole on the first side of the substrate, and the at least one second through-hole, the at least one fourth through-hole, and the at least one sixth through-hole are aligned in the order of the fourth through-hole, the sixth through-hole, and the second through-hole on the second side of the substrate.
11. The electrode plate according to claim 9, wherein the cross-sectional area of the third through-hole is 1 to 4 times the cross-sectional area of the first through-hole, the cross-sectional area of the third through-hole is 1.5 to 5 times the cross-sectional area of the fifth through-hole, and the cross-sectional area of the fifth through-hole is 1.5 to 4 times the cross-sectional area of the first through-hole.
12. The plate of claim 9, further comprising: and the cooling unit is positioned on the second surface of the substrate, is connected with the at least one fifth through hole and the at least one sixth through hole, and is used for supplying a cooling medium to the second surface of the polar plate.
13. The plate of claim 9, wherein the plate further comprises:
the third through hole is connected with the corresponding first communication area through a transverse opening on the side wall of the third through hole via a fifth flow guide structure, the fifth flow guide structure comprises a plurality of fifth flow guide grooves which are separated from each other by a plurality of fifth side walls, and the fifth flow guide grooves are arranged in parallel;
the fourth through hole is connected with the corresponding second communicating area through a sixth flow guide structure through a transverse opening in the side wall of the fourth through hole, the sixth flow guide structure comprises a plurality of sixth flow guide grooves which are separated from one another by a plurality of sixth side walls, and the sixth flow guide grooves are arranged in parallel.
14. The plate of claim 13, wherein the plate further comprises:
and the blocking ring corresponds to at least one of the first communication hole, the second communication hole, the first communication area and the second communication area, the blocking ring is in a semi-surrounding shape, and an opening of the blocking ring points to the flow guide structure corresponding to the opening.
15. The electrode plate of claim 1, wherein the substrate further comprises a third side and a fourth side opposite to each other, a tab being formed on the third side and/or the fourth side, the tab serving as a detection terminal in a detection state of the fuel cell.
16. A bipolar plate assembly for a fuel cell, comprising:
a first plate according to any one of claims 1 to 15;
the first surface of the substrate of the second polar plate is provided with at least one second flow field structure, a seventh flow guide structure and an eighth flow guide structure which are respectively connected with the inlet side and the outlet side of the second flow field structure and used for supplying a second reactant to a membrane electrode assembly of the fuel cell;
a gasket having a perimeter frame contacting peripheral portions of the first and second plates, a central opening exposing active areas of the first and second plates;
the second polar plate is provided with a plurality of through holes which are aligned and communicated with the plurality of through holes in the first polar plate, and is also provided with at least one third communication hole and at least one fourth communication hole which penetrate through the second polar plate, wherein the third communication hole corresponds to the first communication area of the first polar plate, and the fourth communication hole corresponds to the second communication area of the first polar plate;
the second reactant passes through a third through hole of the first polar plate, flows into a third communicating hole of the second polar plate through a fifth flow guide structure and a first communicating area, and flows into the second flow field structure from the third communicating hole through a seventh flow guide structure; and the second reactant passes through the eighth flow guide structure, passes through the fourth communication hole, the second communication area of the first substrate and the sixth flow guide structure and flows out of the fourth through hole.
17. The bipolar plate assembly of claim 16, wherein the first plate further comprises at least one cooling unit on the second surface of the base plate of the first plate, connected to the at least one fifth through hole and the at least one sixth through hole, for supplying a cooling medium to the second surface.
18. The bipolar plate assembly of claim 16, wherein the second surface of the second plate is planar.
19. The bipolar plate assembly of claim 16, wherein a thickness of the second plate is less than a thickness of the first plate.
20. The bipolar plate assembly of claim 16, wherein the first plate is an anode plate, the second plate is a cathode plate, the first reactant is a fuel gas, and the second reactant is an oxidizing gas.
21. The bipolar plate assembly according to claim 16, wherein at least one side surface of the gasket is provided with a protrusion surrounding at least a portion of the through-hole.
22. A fuel cell includes
A repeating member including an anode plate, a cathode plate, and a membrane electrode assembly sandwiched therebetween, a first group of main lines, a second group of main lines, and a third group of main lines extending in a stacking direction being formed at side edge portions of the repeating member; and
end plates positioned on two sides of the repeating component and clamping the repeating component, wherein at least one end plate is also provided with a flow distribution device for conveying fuel fluid, oxidizing gas and cooling medium to the first group of main pipelines, the second group of main pipelines and the third group of main pipelines respectively,
wherein at least one of the anode plate and the cathode plate is the plate of any one of claims 1 to 15.
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| CN202211378754.1A CN115642267B (en) | 2022-11-04 | 2022-11-04 | Fuel cell, and plate and bipolar plate assembly for fuel cell |
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| CN202211378754.1A CN115642267B (en) | 2022-11-04 | 2022-11-04 | Fuel cell, and plate and bipolar plate assembly for fuel cell |
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