CN115637397A - Strengthening solution treatment process for high-strength cast aluminum alloy - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of casting, and discloses a high-strength cast aluminum alloy strengthening solution treatment process, which comprises the steps of melting an alloy raw material, then pouring, cooling and shaping, and then carrying out heat treatment; the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment; the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and two sections of aging treatment; the process can greatly improve the mechanical properties of the cast aluminum alloy by combining four-stage solution treatment and two-stage aging treatment, and particularly remarkably improves the tensile strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of casting, in particular to a strengthening solution treatment process for a high-strength cast aluminum alloy.
Background
The cast aluminum alloy is an aluminum alloy obtained by filling a casting mold with molten metal to form parts blanks in various shapes. The method has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and casting manufacturability, small limitation of part structural design and the like.
At present, in the solution treatment of cast aluminum alloy, if the solution temperature is too high or the solution treatment time is too long, the phenomenon of overburning of the cast aluminum alloy can occur, and the mechanical property of the cast aluminum alloy is greatly reduced.
However, as the demand for mechanical properties of aluminum alloys in industrial production is continuously increased, aluminum alloys with better mechanical properties are required to be processed into various cast parts, and therefore, further improvement of the prior art is required.
Based on the above, a strengthening solution treatment process for high-strength cast aluminum alloy is provided, and hopes are to solve the defects in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a strengthening solution treatment process for a high-strength cast aluminum alloy.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a high-strength cast aluminum alloy strengthening solution treatment process comprises melting alloy raw materials, pouring, cooling, shaping, and performing heat treatment;
the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment;
the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and two sections of aging treatment.
As a further technical scheme, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components: 22-24wt.% Si, 1.3-1.6wt.% Mg, 0.4-0.5wt.% Ti, 0.8-0.88wt.% Mn, 0.2-0.35wt.% Cu, 0.02-0.03wt.% P, and the balance Al.
As a further aspect, the aluminum alloy includes 0.4 to 0.5wt.% Sn.
As a further technical scheme: the four-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: first-stage solution treatment, second-stage solution treatment, third-stage solution treatment and fourth-stage solution treatment.
As a further technical scheme, the first-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature for 1 hour at 410-415 ℃;
the second-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: heating to 450-455 ℃ within 20min, and keeping the temperature for 1 hour;
the three-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: heating to 470-480 ℃ within 20min, and preserving heat for 1.5 hours;
the four stages of solution treatment: heating to 500-505 deg.C within 20min, and maintaining for 1.5 hr.
As a further technical scheme, water quenching is carried out after the four-stage solution treatment.
As a further technical scheme: the two-stage aging treatment is heat preservation treatment at 125-130 ℃ for 10 hours, then heating to 140-150 ℃, continuing heat preservation for 10 hours, and then naturally cooling to room temperature.
After Sn is added, spherical granular Al2Sn phase is found in the alloy in an as-cast state and a heat treatment state, and the 0.5 percent of Sn can obviously improve the tensile strength of the alloy at 20 ℃, 150 ℃ and 175 ℃. The improvement of the mechanical properties of the alloy is solid solution strengthening on one hand and dispersion strengthening of Al2Sn phase with high melting point on the other hand
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a strengthening solution treatment process for high-strength cast aluminum alloy, which has the following beneficial effects:
the process can greatly improve the mechanical properties of the cast aluminum alloy by combining four-stage solution treatment and two-stage aging treatment, particularly remarkably improve the tensile strength, and simultaneously can effectively prevent the excessive solution phenomenon 2 Sn phase, which can greatly enhance the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
A high-strength cast aluminum alloy strengthening solution treatment process comprises the steps of melting an alloy raw material, pouring, cooling, shaping and carrying out heat treatment;
the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment;
the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and two sections of aging treatment.
The aluminum alloy comprises the following components: 22-24wt.% Si, 1.3-1.6wt.% Mg, 0.4-0.5wt.% Ti, 0.8-0.88wt.% Mn, 0.2-0.35wt.% Cu, 0.02-0.03wt.% P, and the balance Al.
The aluminum alloy contains 0.4 to 0.5wt.% of Sn, and the mass ratio of Sn to Ti in the present invention is preferably 1.
The components of the aluminum alloy are preferably as follows: 23.5wt.% Si, 1.4wt.% Mg, 0.5wt.% Ti, 0.82wt.% Mn, 0.3wt.% Cu, 0.022wt.% P, 0.45wt.% Sn, and the balance Al.
Smelting aluminum alloy by adopting an 8KW resistance crucible smelting furnace, adding an aluminum block, melting, adjusting the temperature to 715 ℃, then adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, a copper block, phosphorus copper and a manganese ingot, uniformly stirring until all raw materials are melted, continuously stirring for 20min, then adjusting the temperature to 760 ℃, refining by adopting hexachloroethane, wherein the consumption of the hexachloroethane is 0.15 percent of the total weight of the furnace burden, adjusting the temperature to 718 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot and a Sn ingot, continuously stirring for 40min, adjusting the temperature to 735 ℃, and pouring;
the invention can generate spherical granular Al in the aluminum alloy in the cast state and the heat treatment state by introducing Sn with the same proportion as that of Ti 2 Sn phase, which can greatly enhance the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy.
The tensile strength of the alloy at 30 ℃, 100 ℃ and 180 ℃ can be obviously improved by introducing Sn with the same proportion as that of Ti, and Al can be treated by solution treatment after Sn and Ti are added 2 And the Sn phase is subjected to dispersion strengthening, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is further improved.
The four-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: first-stage solution treatment, second-stage solution treatment, third-stage solution treatment and fourth-stage solution treatment.
The first-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: the temperature is kept for 1 hour at 410-415 ℃, and Cu solute atoms can be promoted to be fully dissolved in an alpha-Al matrix through a section of solution treatment;
the second-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: heating to 450-455 ℃ within 20min, keeping the temperature for 1 h, and promoting Mg and partial Cu solute atoms to be fully dissolved in an alpha-Al matrix through two-stage solution treatment;
the three-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: heating to 470-480 ℃ within 20min, preserving the heat for 1.5 hours, and promoting the Si and partial Mg solute atoms to be fully dissolved in the alpha-Al matrix through three-stage solution treatment;
the four stages of solution treatment: heating to 500-505 ℃ within 20min, keeping the temperature for 1.5 h, and performing four-stage solution treatment, mainly by improving the vibration energy of each atom, so as to further promote the grain boundary and the undissolved phase in the grain to be further dissolved, further improve the concentration of solute in the solid solution, and simultaneously further improve the concentration of vacancies in the aluminum alloy, wherein the higher the concentration of the vacancies, the easier the atomic diffusion is, so that the strengthening phase precipitation speed is higher, the strengthening phase is finer and the components of the aluminum alloy are more uniform in the subsequent aging treatment process.
After the four-stage solution treatment, water quenching is carried out, and the casting can be rapidly cooled to room temperature through the water quenching treatment to form a supersaturated solid solution, so that crystal defects such as vacancies formed in the aluminum alloy in the solution treatment process can be preserved, and the supersaturated solid solution and the crystal defects can generate better strengthening effect on the aluminum alloy.
The two-stage aging treatment is heat preservation treatment at 125-130 ℃ for 10 hours, then heating to 140-150 ℃, continuing heat preservation for 10min, and then naturally cooling to room temperature.
The following are specific examples:
example 1
Aluminum alloy composition: 23.5wt.% Si, 1.4wt.% Mg, 0.5wt.% Ti, 0.82wt.% Mn, 0.3wt.% Cu, 0.022wt.% P, 0.45wt.% Sn, and the balance Al.
Smelting aluminum alloy by adopting an 8KW resistance crucible smelting furnace, adding an aluminum block, melting, adjusting the temperature to 715 ℃, then adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, a copper block, phosphorus copper and a manganese ingot, uniformly stirring until all raw materials are melted, continuously stirring for 20min, then adjusting the temperature to 760 ℃, refining by adopting hexachloroethane, wherein the consumption of the hexachloroethane is 0.15% of the total weight of the furnace burden, adjusting the temperature to 718 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot and a Sn ingot, continuously stirring for 40min, adjusting the temperature to 735 ℃, casting, cooling and shaping, and performing heat treatment; the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment; the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and two sections of aging treatment; the four-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: first-stage solution treatment, second-stage solution treatment, third-stage solution treatment and fourth-stage solution treatment. The first-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature for 1 hour at 410 ℃; and (3) secondary solution treatment: heating to 450 deg.C within 20min, and maintaining for 1 hr; three-stage solution treatment: heating to 470 ℃ within 20min, and keeping the temperature for 1.5 hours; four-stage solution treatment: the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ within 20min, and the temperature is kept for 1.5 hours. And after the four-stage solution treatment, water quenching is carried out, and water quenching treatment is carried out. The two-stage aging treatment is heat preservation treatment at 125 ℃ for 10 hours, then the temperature is raised to 140 ℃, the heat preservation is continued for 10 hours, and then the temperature is naturally cooled to the room temperature.
Comparing the influence of the four sections of solution treatment time on the hardness of the aluminum alloy, and measuring the hardness by using an HB-3000A hardness tester:
TABLE 1
| Time/h | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 3 |
| Hardness HB | 123.5 | 118.1 | 114.2 | 112.0 | 114.3 | 116.8 | 117.5 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the hardness of the aluminum alloy is increased after the hardness is decreased with the increase of the four-stage solution treatment time, and the four-stage solution treatment time is preferably 1.5 hours, and the excessive solution phenomenon occurs when the four-stage solution treatment time exceeds 1.5 hours.
Example 2
Aluminum alloy components: 23.5wt.% Si, 1.4wt.% Mg, 0.5wt.% Ti, 0.82wt.% Mn, 0.3wt.% Cu, 0.022wt.% P, 0.45wt.% Sn, and the balance Al.
Smelting aluminum alloy by adopting an 8KW resistance crucible smelting furnace, adding an aluminum block, melting, adjusting the temperature to 715 ℃, then adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, a copper block, phosphorus copper and a manganese ingot, uniformly stirring until all raw materials are melted, continuously stirring for 20min, then adjusting the temperature to 760 ℃, refining by adopting hexachloroethane, wherein the consumption of the hexachloroethane is 0.15% of the total weight of the furnace burden, adjusting the temperature to 718 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot and a Sn ingot, continuously stirring for 40min, adjusting the temperature to 735 ℃, casting, cooling and shaping, and performing heat treatment; the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment; the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and two sections of aging treatment; the four-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: first-stage solution treatment, second-stage solution treatment, third-stage solution treatment and fourth-stage solution treatment. The first-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature for 1 hour at 412 ℃; and (3) secondary solution treatment: heating to 451 ℃ within 20min, and keeping the temperature for 1 hour; three-stage solution treatment: heating to 473 ℃ within 20min, and keeping the temperature for 1.5 hours; four-stage solution treatment: the temperature is raised to 502 ℃ within 20min, and the temperature is kept for 1.5 h. And after the four stages of solution treatment, water quenching is carried out, and water quenching treatment is carried out. The two-stage aging treatment is heat preservation treatment at 126 ℃ for 10 hours, then the temperature is raised to 144 ℃, the heat preservation is continued for 10 hours, and then the temperature is naturally cooled to the room temperature.
Example 3
Aluminum alloy composition: 23.5wt.% Si, 1.4wt.% Mg, 0.5wt.% Ti, 0.82wt.% Mn, 0.3wt.% Cu, 0.022wt.% P, 0.45wt.% Sn, and the balance Al.
Smelting aluminum alloy by using an 8KW resistance crucible smelting furnace, adding an aluminum block, melting, adjusting the temperature to 715 ℃, then adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, a copper block, phosphorus copper and a manganese ingot, uniformly stirring until all raw materials are molten, continuing to stir for 20min, then adjusting the temperature to 760 ℃, refining by using hexachloroethane, wherein the using amount of hexachloroethane is 0.15% of the total weight of furnace charge, adjusting the temperature to 718 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot and a Sn ingot, continuing to stir for 40min, adjusting the temperature to 735 ℃, casting, cooling and shaping, and performing heat treatment; the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment; the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and two sections of aging treatment; the four-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: first-stage solution treatment, second-stage solution treatment, third-stage solution treatment and fourth-stage solution treatment. The first-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 413 ℃ for 1 hour; and (3) secondary solution treatment: heating to 454 deg.C within 20min, and maintaining for 1 hr; three-stage solution treatment: heating to 478 deg.C within 20min, and maintaining the temperature for 1.5 hr; four-stage solution treatment: the temperature is raised to 504 ℃ within 20min, and the temperature is kept for 1.5 hours. And after the four-stage solution treatment, water quenching is carried out, and water quenching treatment is carried out. The two-stage aging treatment is heat preservation treatment at 127 ℃ for 10 hours, then the temperature is raised to 145 ℃, the heat preservation is continued for 10 hours, and then the temperature is naturally cooled to the room temperature.
Example 4
Aluminum alloy composition: 23.5wt.% Si, 1.4wt.% Mg, 0.5wt.% Ti, 0.82wt.% Mn, 0.3wt.% Cu, 0.022wt.% P, 0.45wt.% Sn, and the balance Al.
Smelting aluminum alloy by using an 8KW resistance crucible smelting furnace, adding an aluminum block, melting, adjusting the temperature to 715 ℃, then adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, a copper block, phosphorus copper and a manganese ingot, uniformly stirring until all raw materials are molten, continuing to stir for 20min, then adjusting the temperature to 760 ℃, refining by using hexachloroethane, wherein the using amount of hexachloroethane is 0.15% of the total weight of furnace charge, adjusting the temperature to 718 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot and a Sn ingot, continuing to stir for 40min, adjusting the temperature to 735 ℃, casting, cooling and shaping, and performing heat treatment; the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment; the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and two sections of aging treatment; the four-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: first-stage solution treatment, second-stage solution treatment, third-stage solution treatment and fourth-stage solution treatment. The first-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature for 1 hour at 415 ℃; and (3) secondary solution treatment: heating to 455 ℃ within 20min, and keeping the temperature for 1 hour; three-stage solution treatment: heating to 480 ℃ within 20min, and keeping the temperature for 1.5 hours; four-stage solution treatment: the temperature is raised to 505 ℃ within 20min, and the temperature is kept for 1.5 hours. And after the four-stage solution treatment, water quenching is carried out, and water quenching treatment is carried out. The two-stage aging treatment is heat preservation treatment at 130 ℃ for 10 hours, then heating to 150 ℃, continuing heat preservation for 10 hours, and then naturally cooling to room temperature.
Comparative example 1:
aluminum alloy components: 23.5wt.% Si, 1.4wt.% Mg, 0.5wt.% Ti, 0.82wt.% Mn, 0.3wt.% Cu, 0.022wt.% P, 0.45wt.% Sn, and the balance Al.
Smelting aluminum alloy by using an 8KW resistance crucible smelting furnace, adding an aluminum block, melting, adjusting the temperature to 715 ℃, then adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, a copper block, phosphorus copper and a manganese ingot, uniformly stirring until all raw materials are molten, continuing to stir for 20min, then adjusting the temperature to 760 ℃, refining by using hexachloroethane, wherein the using amount of hexachloroethane is 0.15% of the total weight of furnace charge, adjusting the temperature to 718 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot and a Sn ingot, continuing to stir for 40min, adjusting the temperature to 735 ℃, casting, cooling and shaping, and performing heat treatment; the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment; the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and aging treatment; the four-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: first-stage solution treatment, second-stage solution treatment, third-stage solution treatment and fourth-stage solution treatment. The first-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature for 1 hour at 410 ℃; and (3) secondary solution treatment: heating to 450 deg.C within 20min, and maintaining for 1 hr; three-stage solution treatment: heating to 470 ℃ within 20min, and keeping the temperature for 1.5 hours; four-stage solution treatment: the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ within 20min, and the temperature is kept for 1.5 hours. And after the four-stage solution treatment, water quenching is carried out, and water quenching treatment is carried out. The aging treatment is heat preservation treatment at 125 ℃ for 20 hours, and then natural cooling is carried out to the room temperature.
Comparative example 2
Aluminum alloy composition: 23.5wt.% Si, 1.4wt.% Mg, 0.5wt.% Ti, 0.82wt.% Mn, 0.3wt.% Cu, 0.022wt.% P, 0.45wt.% Sn, and the balance Al.
Smelting aluminum alloy by using an 8KW resistance crucible smelting furnace, adding an aluminum block, melting, adjusting the temperature to 715 ℃, then adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, a copper block, phosphorus copper and a manganese ingot, uniformly stirring until all raw materials are molten, continuing to stir for 20min, then adjusting the temperature to 760 ℃, refining by using hexachloroethane, wherein the using amount of hexachloroethane is 0.15% of the total weight of furnace charge, adjusting the temperature to 718 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot and a Sn ingot, continuing to stir for 40min, adjusting the temperature to 735 ℃, casting, cooling and shaping, and performing heat treatment; the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment; the strengthening solution treatment is divided into solution treatment and two-stage aging treatment; solution treatment: keeping the temperature at 500 ℃ for 6 hours, performing water quenching, and performing water quenching treatment. The two-stage aging treatment is heat preservation treatment at 125 ℃ for 10 hours, then the temperature is raised to 140 ℃, the heat preservation is continued for 10 hours, and then the temperature is naturally cooled to the room temperature.
And (3) testing:
the tensile samples of the examples and the comparative examples are carried out on a WDW-E200 microcomputer control electronic universal testing machine, and the feeding speed is 0.5 mm/min;
TABLE 2
| Tensile strength MPa | |
| Example 1 | 378.1 |
| Example 2 | 385.6 |
| Example 3 | 381.7 |
| Example 4 | 376.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 342.7 |
| Comparative example 2 | 314.3 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy casting can be improved by the solution treatment and the aging treatment of the aluminum alloy.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A strengthening solution treatment process for high-strength cast aluminum alloy is characterized in that after melting alloy raw materials, pouring, cooling and shaping are carried out, and then heat treatment is carried out;
the heat treatment comprises strengthening solution treatment;
the strengthening solution treatment is divided into four sections of solution treatment and two sections of aging treatment.
2. The strengthening solution treatment process of the high-strength cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components: 22-24wt.% Si, 1.3-1.6wt.% Mg, 0.4-0.5wt.% Ti, 0.8-0.88wt.% Mn, 0.2-0.35wt.% Cu, 0.02-0.03wt.% P, and the balance Al.
3. The strengthening solution treatment process of claim 2, wherein the aluminum alloy contains 0.4 to 0.5wt.% Sn.
4. The strengthening solution treatment process of the high-strength cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the four-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: first-stage solution treatment, second-stage solution treatment, third-stage solution treatment and fourth-stage solution treatment.
5. The strengthening solution treatment process of the high-strength cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the first stage solution treatment comprises: keeping the temperature for 1 hour at 410-415 ℃;
the second-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: heating to 450-455 ℃ within 20min, and keeping the temperature for 1 hour;
the three-stage solution treatment comprises the following steps: heating to 470-480 deg.C within 20min, and maintaining for 1.5 hr;
the four-stage solution treatment: heating to 500-505 deg.C within 20min, and maintaining for 1.5 hr.
6. The strengthening solution treatment process for the high-strength cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 5, wherein the four-stage solution treatment is followed by water quenching.
7. The strengthening solution treatment process of the high-strength cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two-end aging treatment is heat preservation treatment at 125-130 ℃ for 10 hours, then the temperature is raised to 140-150 ℃, the heat preservation is continued for 10 hours, and then the temperature is naturally cooled to the room temperature.
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