CN115636767A - Biosurfactant for oil displacement and fracturing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Biosurfactant for oil displacement and fracturing and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN115636767A
CN115636767A CN202110818630.XA CN202110818630A CN115636767A CN 115636767 A CN115636767 A CN 115636767A CN 202110818630 A CN202110818630 A CN 202110818630A CN 115636767 A CN115636767 A CN 115636767A
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biosurfactant
substituted
capsaicin
unsubstituted
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耿向飞
丁彬
熊春明
刘德基
祝孝华
董景锋
孙建峰
王晨
陈卫东
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a biosurfactant for oil displacement and fracturing and a preparation method thereof. The biosurfactant can be synthesized in one step through nucleophilic substitution reaction of capsaicin, and has the advantages of simple preparation method, mild reaction conditions, easiness in separation and purification and low cost. The biosurfactant has a very obvious viscosity reduction effect, is expected to be applied to oil-soluble viscosity reducers, oil displacement agents and microemulsions in tertiary oil recovery in the heavy oil recovery, and has a wide market prospect.

Description

Biosurfactant for oil displacement and fracturing and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surfactants, and particularly relates to a biosurfactant for oil displacement and fracturing and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, unconventional petroleum resources such as compact oil, shale oil and the like gradually become the field of major strategic and succeed energy, and long horizontal well and fracturing modification become the main development mode of unconventional oil reservoirs, but the yield is reduced rapidly, and the primary recovery rate is low. On the whole, unconventional reservoirs such as compact reservoirs and shales generally have the characteristics of low permeability, low porosity, low mobile fluid saturation and the like, crude oil has poor fluidity in the reservoirs, the fluidity in the reservoirs is close to that of thick oil and ultra-thick oil, and how to solve the problem that an injection medium effectively enters a nano-micron matrix of the reservoirs, reduce and eliminate association among components of the crude oil, improve the fluidity of the reservoirs of the crude oil, and realize the effects of permeation enhancement and oil displacement becomes the first technical problem in the high-efficiency development of unconventional reservoirs such as compact oil, shale oil and the like at home and abroad at present.
From 2000, north America companies such as Haributon and Nissan began to report microemulsion products, and the microemulsion products were applied to shale gas and compact oil reservoir reformation and synergism. However, the microemulsion product only solves the technical problem of the nano size of the existing liquid system, realizes the efficient entry of fine pores of a shale gas reservoir, but the surfactant component in the internal phase of the microemulsion does not have the characteristic of improving the flowability of crude oil. Therefore, the research of the surfactant has important significance for petroleum development.
The existing surfactants comprise water-soluble surfactants and oil-soluble surfactants, wherein the water-soluble surfactants have the problems of poor universality, serious emulsification, difficult subsequent treatment and the like, and have great difficulty in practical application. The oil soluble surfactant is mainly based on the development technology of crude oil pour point depressants, aims at the condition that colloid and asphaltene molecules are in a layered accumulation state, and ensures that the surfactant molecules penetrate into the layers of the colloid or asphaltene molecules by virtue of the characteristic of loose layer gaps accumulated under the action of high temperature or solvent to form small-size oil, thereby being a promising method for overcoming the technical defects of emulsification and viscosity reduction.
Much research is currently devoted to oil-soluble surfactants and their research in oil recovery, for example CN103030854A discloses a drag reducing composition and a preparation method thereof, the drag reducing composition is a suspension containing polyalphaolefin, silicone oil, surfactant and solvent; the surfactant is oil-soluble surfactant, and is selected from one or more of Tween surfactant, span surfactant or nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether surfactant. CN103113869A discloses a double-long-chain alkyl hydroxy sulfobetaine surfactant and an oil displacement agent, wherein the double-long-chain alkyl hydroxy sulfobetaine surfactant is obtained by reacting double-long-chain alkyl methyl tertiary amine with 3-chloro-2-sodium hydroxypropanesulfonate, and each long-chain alkyl has 7-19 carbon atoms and good oil solubility; the oil displacement agent prepared from the double-long-chain alkyl hydroxy sulfobetaine surfactant can effectively reduce the interfacial tension between crude oil and water under the alkali-free condition. However, the types of surfactants suitable for oil and non-aqueous solutions developed at present are few, and only comprise mature products of OP-4, OP-7, span-20, span-80, tween-85 and the like; furthermore, it is customary to classify all common low hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) surfactants as oil-soluble surfactants, such as OP-4, span-80, etc., but such low HLB surfactants do not possess the ability to significantly alter the properties of both oil and non-aqueous solutions; meanwhile, the oil-soluble surfactant disclosed in the prior art has large molecular size, high dosage and poor surface activity, is difficult to enter the micro-nano pores of a compact shale reservoir, and limits the wide application of the oil-soluble surfactant in oil reservoir exploitation.
Therefore, the development of more types of oil-soluble surfactants with more excellent performance to meet the application requirements of viscosity-reducing oil displacement products in oil exploitation is an urgent problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a biosurfactant for oil displacement and fracturing and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a biosurfactant for flooding and fracturing, which has a structure as shown in formula I:
Figure BDA0003171180130000031
in the formula I, X is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 straight-chain or branched-chain alkenyl,
Figure BDA0003171180130000032
Any one of the above;
* Represents the attachment site of a group;
r is selected from any one of C1-C10 straight chain or branched chain alkyl and C7-C20 aryl alkyl.
In the present invention, the C1 to C10 linear or branched alkyl groups may be C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9 or C10 linear or branched alkyl groups, which illustratively include, but are not limited to: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl or n-heptyl and the like.
The C3 to C10 cycloalkyl group may be a C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9 or C10 cycloalkyl group, and exemplary include, but are not limited to: cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, or cyclooctyl, and the like.
The C2 to C10 linear or branched alkenyl group may be a C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9 or C10 linear or branched alkenyl group, illustratively including but not limited to: vinyl, propenyl, allyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 1, 3-butadienyl, 1-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, or 2-hexenyl, and the like.
The C7 to C20 arylalkyl group may be a C7, C8, C9, C10, C12, C14, C16, C18, or C20, etc. arylalkyl group, illustratively including but not limited to: benzyl, phenethyl, phenylpropyl, phenylbutyl, phenylpentyl, or phenylhexyl, and the like.
In the present invention, the substitution is mono-or poly-substituted, and the substituted site is any chemically allowable site that may be substituted.
The biosurfactant for oil displacement and fracturing has a structure shown in a formula I, has a molecular structure close to that of the saturated dense crude oil, has strong oleophylic characteristics, can be effectively dispersed in an aqueous solution, can effectively weaken the strong association effect among the components of the dense and shale crude oil to form a small-size oil effect, and has good oil washing capacity. The biosurfactant is used as a novel oil-soluble surfactant, the critical micelle concentration can be as low as 0.13-0.23%, the surface tension under the critical micelle concentration is 35-37 mN/m, the biosurfactant can have the effects of solubilization, disassociation, viscosity reduction and the like under the oil-soluble condition, the flowability characteristic of crude oil can be effectively changed, the oil washing capacity is strong, the viscosity reduction effect is obvious, and the biosurfactant has a wide application prospect.
Preferably, the substituted substituents in X are each independently selected from at least one of deuterium, carboxyl, hydroxyl, sulfonic acid, mercapto, amino, phenyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or halogen.
Wherein, the C1 to C6 alkoxy group may be a C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 or C6 linear or branched alkoxy group, which exemplarily includes but is not limited to: methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, or the like.
The C3 to C6 cycloalkyl group may be a C3, C4, C5 or C6 cycloalkyl group, and exemplary include, but are not limited to: cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, and the like.
In the present invention, the halogen includes F, cl, br or I; the same description is referred to below, all having the same meaning.
Preferably, X is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C5 (e.g., C2, C3, C4, or C5) straight or branched alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C6 (e.g., C3, C4, C5, or C6) cycloalkyl, and,
Figure BDA0003171180130000051
Any one of the above; wherein denotes the attachment site of the group.
The substituted substituents in X are each independently selected from at least one of deuterium, hydroxy, phenyl, C1-C4 (e.g., C1, C2, C3, or C4) alkoxy, C3-C6 (e.g., C3, C4, C5, or C6) cycloalkyl, or amino.
Preferably, R is selected from
Figure BDA0003171180130000052
Any one of C1-C5 (e.g., C1, C2, C3, C4 or C5) straight chain or branched alkyl; wherein, represents the attachment site of a group, R X Selected from C1-C5 linear or branched alkylene.
Wherein the C1 to C5 linear or branched alkylene group may be a C1, C2, C3, C4 or C5 linear or branched alkylene group, which exemplarily includes but is not limited to: methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, and the like.
In a specific embodiment, the biosurfactant comprises any one of the following compounds:
Figure BDA0003171180130000053
Figure BDA0003171180130000061
in a second aspect, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a biosurfactant according to the first aspect, which process comprises: reacting capsaicin with a halogen-containing reagent X-Z to obtain the biosurfactant; the reaction formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003171180130000062
wherein X has the same limitations as in formula I and Z is selected from halogens (including F, cl, br or I).
In a specific embodiment, X is selected from any one of substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C10 linear or branched alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C10 linear or branched alkenyl, and the molar ratio of the halogen-containing reagent X-Z to capsaicin is (1.4 to 2.0).
Preferably, Z is chloro or bromo, further preferably bromo; the reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction of capsaicin and a halogen-containing reagent X-Z.
Preferably, the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst.
Preferably, the catalyst is a combination of potassium carbonate and potassium iodide.
Preferably, the molar ratio of capsaicin to potassium carbonate is 1 (3 to 3.5), and can be, for example, 1.
Preferably, the molar ratio of capsaicin to potassium iodide is 1 (1.5-2.0), and may be, for example, 1.
Preferably, the reaction temperature is 60 to 80 ℃, such as 61 ℃, 63 ℃, 65 ℃, 67 ℃, 69 ℃, 70 ℃, 71 ℃, 73 ℃, 75 ℃, 77 ℃ or 79 ℃ and the specific values therebetween are limited by space and for the sake of brevity, and the invention is not exhaustive of the specific values included in the ranges.
Preferably, the reaction time is 4 to 6 hours, for example, 4.25 hours, 4.5 hours, 4.75 hours, 5 hours, 5.25 hours, 5.5 hours or 5.75 hours, and the specific values therebetween are not exhaustive, and for the sake of brevity, the invention is not intended to limit the scope to the specific values included in the ranges.
Preferably, the reaction is carried out in the presence of a solvent, which is acetonitrile.
Preferably, the reaction also comprises a post-treatment step after completion, wherein the post-treatment step comprises concentration, washing and purification.
In another specific embodiment, X is
Figure BDA0003171180130000071
The halogen-containing reagent X — Z is an acid halide, and the molar ratio thereof to capsaicin is (1.2 to 2.0) and can be, for example, 1.25; the reaction is nucleophilic substitution reaction of acyl halide and capsaicin.
Wherein the acid halide is available directly from the purchase or can be obtained from carboxylic acids
Figure BDA0003171180130000072
And halogenated sulfoxides (
Figure BDA0003171180130000073
For example thionyl chloride); the reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid-binding agent (such as triethylamine), the temperature of the reaction is 70-90 ℃ (preferably room temperature), and the time is 1-2 h; the molar ratio of the carboxylic acid compound to the halogenated sulfoxideIs 1 (1.2-1.5), and the molar ratio of the carboxylic acid compound to the acid-binding agent is 1 (0.2-0.5).
Preferably, the reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid scavenger.
Preferably, the acid scavenger comprises triethylamine and/or pyridine.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the capsaicin to the acid scavenger is 1 (1.3-1.6), and can be, for example, 1.
Preferably, the reaction is carried out in the presence of a solvent, which is dichloromethane.
Preferably, the reaction temperature is 15 to 40 ℃, for example, 18 ℃, 20 ℃, 22 ℃, 25 ℃, 28 ℃,30 ℃, 32 ℃, 35 ℃ or 38 ℃, and the specific values between the above values are limited by space and conciseness, and the invention does not exhaust the specific values included in the range, and further preferably room temperature.
Preferably, the reaction time is 0.5 to 3 hours, for example, 0.75 hour, 1 hour, 1.25 hour, 1.5 hour, 1.75 hour, 2 hours, 2.25 hours, 2.5 hours or 2.75 hours, and specific values therebetween, which are not exhaustive for the invention and for the sake of brevity.
Preferably, the reaction further comprises a post-treatment step, wherein the post-treatment step comprises washing, concentration and purification.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of a biosurfactant according to the first aspect in an oil displacing agent, a fracturing fluid, a viscosity reducing agent or in a microemulsion.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a viscosity reducing agent comprising a biosurfactant according to the first aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the biosurfactant provided by the invention is used as a novel oil-soluble surfactant, the critical micelle concentration of the biosurfactant is less than 0.24 percent and can be as low as 0.15 to 0.23 percent, the fluidity characteristic of crude oil can be effectively changed, and the oil washing capacity is strong. The biosurfactant can be synthesized in one step through nucleophilic substitution reaction of capsaicin, and has the advantages of simple preparation method, mild reaction conditions, easiness in separation and purification and low raw material cost. When the biosurfactant is used as a viscosity reducer, the viscosity reduction rate with the addition of 1% can reach 63-71%, the viscosity reduction effect is very obvious, the biosurfactant is expected to be applied to oil-soluble viscosity reducers, oil displacement agents in the heavy oil recovery, microemulsions in the tertiary oil recovery and the like, and the biosurfactant has a wide market prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry spectrum of the biosurfactant provided in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a nuclear magnetic spectrum of the biosurfactant provided in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry spectrum of the biosurfactant provided in example 6;
fig. 4 is a nuclear magnetic spectrum of the biosurfactant provided in example 6.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by way of specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
Example 1
A biosurfactant for oil displacement and fracturing, in particular to 3-butoxy capsaicin, which has the following structure:
Figure BDA0003171180130000091
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003171180130000092
at room temperature, 6.0g (19.65 mM) of capsaicin, 9.0g of potassium carbonate (65.12 mM), 6.0g (36.14 mM) of potassium iodide and 30mL of acetonitrile are added into a three-necked flask, after the completion of feeding, 4.5g (32.84 mM) of bromobutane is added dropwise with stirring, the temperature is raised to 70 ℃ with stirring, the reaction solution is kept for 5 hours, after the reaction solution is concentrated, the residue is sufficiently washed with Dichloromethane (DCM) and water, the obtained DCM solution is concentrated and purified by a chromatographic column (mobile phase n-hexane: ethyl acetate =20, volume ratio) to obtain 6.8g (18.81 mM) of the target product as a white solid with a yield of 95.7%.
Structural characterization:
the target product is characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, an obtained liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry spectrogram is shown in figure 1, and as can be seen from figure 1, the theoretical molecular weight of the target product is 361.52mol/L, the actually measured molecular weight is 362.2-364.3 mol/L, the purity of a sample is more than 90%, and the synthesized compound conforms to the corresponding molecular weight of the target compound, namely 3-butoxy capsaicin.
The nuclear magnetic spectrum of the target product is shown in figure 2, 1 H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ0.82-0.9(9H,(CH 3 ) 2 CH,CH 3 CH 2 ),1.12-1.65(10H,COCH 2 (CH 2 ) 3 ,CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH 2 O),2.09(2H,COCH 2 (CH 2 ) 3 ),2.18(1H,(CH 3 ) 2 CH),3.70(3H,CH 3 O),3.90(2H,CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH 2 O),4.16(2H,NHCH 2 ),5.32(2H,CH=CH),6.72-6.84(3H,C 6 H 3 ),8.2(1H,NH)。
example 2
A biosurfactant for oil displacement and fracturing, in particular to 3-ethoxy capsaicin, which has the following structure:
Figure BDA0003171180130000101
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003171180130000102
at room temperature, 6.0g (19.65 mM) of capsaicin, 9.0g of potassium carbonate (65.12 mM), 6.0g (36.14 mM) of potassium iodide and 30mL of acetonitrile are added into a three-necked flask, 3.58g (32.84 mM) of ethyl bromide is added dropwise with stirring after feeding, the temperature is raised to 70 ℃ with stirring, the temperature is kept for 5 hours, the reaction liquid is concentrated completely, the residue is fully washed with DCM and water, the obtained DCM solution is concentrated completely, and the obtained product is purified by a chromatographic column (the mobile phase is n-hexane: ethyl acetate =20, volume ratio is 1) to obtain 6.07g (18.2 mM) of the target product white solid with the yield of 93.04 percent.
Structural characterization:
1 H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ0.86(6H,(CH 3 ) 2 CH),1.19-2.1(9H,COCH 2 (CH 2 ) 3 ,CH 3 CH 2 O),2.12(2H,COCH 2 (CH 2 ) 3 ),2.48(1H,(CH 3 ) 2 CH),3.71(3H,CH 3 O),3.98(2H,CH 3 CH 2 O),4.22(2H,NHCH 2 ),5.43(2H,CH=CH),6.80-6.96(3H,C 6 H 3 ),8.2(1H,NH)。
examples 3 to 5
A biosurfactant for oil displacement and fracturing is prepared by nucleophilic substitution reaction of capsaicin and a bromine-containing reagent, and the specific synthetic route is the same as that in example 1; the structures of the starting material (bromine-containing reagent) and the target product are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003171180130000111
Example 6
A biosurfactant for oil displacement and fracturing, in particular to 3- (4-phenylbutyl ester) capsaicin, which has the following structure:
Figure BDA0003171180130000121
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003171180130000122
4.25g of phenylbutyric acid (25.88 mM), 25mL of DCM, 0.6g of triethylamine (5.89 mM), 4.25g of thionyl chloride (35.72 mM) were added to a three-necked flask at room temperature and refluxed for 1.5h; the reaction mixture was concentrated by rotary evaporation to obtain 4-phenylbutyryl chloride, and 10mL of DCM was added to the concentrated residue, followed by cooling.
Figure BDA0003171180130000123
5.0g of capsaicin (16.37 mM) was dissolved in a mixture of 2 mL of DCM and 2.5g of triethylamine (24.54 mM) at room temperature, and the solution of 4-phenylbutyryl chloride in DCM obtained in step (1) was slowly added dropwise thereto under ice-bath conditions, followed by reaction at room temperature for 1.5 hours. The reaction was concentrated to completion, and the system was washed with water, saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and water in this order, followed by separation into layers, and the resulting DCM layer was concentrated to completion by rotary evaporation and purified by chromatography (mobile phase n-hexane: ethyl acetate =20, volume ratio) to afford the desired product as a white paste 5.3g (11.74 mM) with a yield of 71.7%.
Structural characterization:
the target product is characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, an obtained liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry spectrogram is shown in fig. 3, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the theoretical molecular weight of the target product is 451.6mol/L, the actually measured molecular weight is 452.2mol/L, the sample purity is more than 80%, and the synthesized compound conforms to the corresponding molecular weight of the target compound, namely 3- (4-phenylbutyl) capsaicin.
The nuclear magnetic spectrum of the target product is shown in figure 4, 1 H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ0.82-0.9(6H,(CH 3 ) 2 CH),1.12-1.52(6H,COCH 2 (CH 2 ) 3 ),1.81(1H,(CH 3 ) 2 CH),2.09(2H,COCH 2 (CH 2 ) 3 ),2.51(2H,(CH 2 ) 2 CH 2 COO),2.70(4H,C 6 H 5 (CH 2 ) 2 ),3.70(3H,CH 3 O),4.24(2H,NHCH 2 ),5.32(2H,CH=CH),6.77-6.98(3H,C 6 H 3 ),7.23(5H,C 6 H 5 ),8.2(1H,NH)。
example 7
A biosurfactant for oil displacement and fracturing, in particular to 3- (4-phenylethyl ester) capsaicin, which has the following structure:
Figure BDA0003171180130000131
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003171180130000132
5.0g of capsaicin (16.37 mM) was dissolved in a mixture of 25mL of DCM and 2.5g of triethylamine (24.54 mM) at room temperature, and a solution of phenylacetyl chloride (24.5 mM) in DCM was slowly added dropwise thereto under ice-bath conditions, followed by reaction at room temperature for 1.5h. The reaction solution was concentrated to completion, the system was washed with water, saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and water in this order, the layers were separated, the obtained DCM layer was concentrated to completion by rotary evaporation and purified by chromatography (mobile phase n-hexane: ethyl acetate =20, volume ratio) to obtain the target product 5.29g (12.51 mM) as a white paste with a yield of 76.42%.
Structural characterization:
1 H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ0.86-0.89(6H,(CH 3 ) 2 CH),1.13-1.63(6H,COCH 2 (CH 2 ) 3 ),1.85(1H,(CH 3 ) 2 CH),2.13(2H,COCH 2 (CH 2 ) 3 ),3.71(3H,CH 3 O),3.91(2H,C 6 H 5 CH 2 COO),4.24(2H,NHCH 2 ),5.41(2H,CH=CH),6.80-7.17(3H,C 6 H 3 ),7.24-7.26(5H,C 6 H 5 ),8.2(1H,NH)。
examples 8 to 9
A biosurfactant for oil displacement and fracturing is prepared by nucleophilic substitution reaction of capsaicin and acyl chloride compounds, and the specific synthetic route is the same as the step (2) in the embodiment 6; the structures of the raw material (acyl chloride compound) and the target product are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003171180130000141
And (3) performance testing:
(1) Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) and surface tension at critical micelle concentration (γ) CMC )
By Germany
Figure BDA0003171180130000142
The full-automatic surface tensiometer model K100 produced by the company carries out the test. Accurately weighing a certain amount of substances to be measured respectively, dissolving with deionized water, diluting into a series of water solutions with different concentrations, and mixing uniformly; and (3) keeping the prepared surfactant aqueous solutions with different concentrations at the constant temperature of 25 ℃ in a constant-temperature water bath kettle for 20min. After the surface tension meter is preheated for half an hour, the surface tension meter is corrected, then the surface tension of water at 25 ℃ is measured, and the measured value after correction is 72.0 +/-0.2 mN/m. And (3) measuring the surface tension of the surfactant solution one by one according to the sequence from low concentration to high concentration, recording data after the reading is stable, measuring each sample three times, and taking an average value. Drawing a relation curve of the surface tension and the concentration of the solution according to the surface tension data under each concentration, and obtaining the critical micelle concentration CMC of the substance to be detected and the surface tension gamma corresponding to the concentration from the turning point of the curve CMC
(2) Viscosity reduction effect test
The test was performed using an RS600 rotational rheometer. The crude oil is compact oil in a certain oil field at home, the testing temperature is 80 ℃, and the initial viscosity of the crude oil at 80 ℃ is 42mPa & s; adding the biosurfactants provided by the embodiments 1 to 9 into the crude oil, wherein the addition amount is 1 percent of the mass of the crude oil, uniformly mixing, testing the viscosity of the system by adopting a DG41Ti sleeve rotor, and calculating the viscosity reduction rate; viscosity reduction rate (%) =100% × (initial viscosity-post-viscosity reduction)/initial viscosity.
The biosurfactants provided in examples 1-9 were tested for performance according to the test methods described above, and the test data are shown in table 3, using the existing surfactants SDS and OP-10 as controls.
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0003171180130000151
According to the performance data in table 3, the biosurfactant provided by the invention is used as an oil-soluble surfactant, the critical micelle concentration can be as low as 0.13-0.23%, the surface tension under the critical micelle concentration is 35-37 mN/m, the fluidity characteristic of crude oil can be effectively changed, the viscosity of the crude oil is reduced, the viscosity reduction rate can reach 63-71%, and the viscosity reduction effect is superior to that of the traditional surfactants SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and OP-10 (polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether-10).
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above process steps, i.e. it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above process steps to be carried out. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of selected materials and additions of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes and the like, which are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention, are contemplated by the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A biosurfactant for flooding and fracturing, which is characterized by having a structure shown as a formula I:
Figure FDA0003171180120000011
wherein X is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 linear or branched alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 linear or branched alkenyl,
Figure FDA0003171180120000012
Any one of the above;
* Represents the attachment site of a group;
r is selected from any one of C1-C10 straight chain or branched chain alkyl and C7-C20 aryl alkyl.
2. The biosurfactant of claim 1 wherein the substituted substituents of X are each independently selected from at least one of deuterium, carboxyl, hydroxyl, sulfonic acid, thiol, amino, phenyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C6 cycloalkyl or halogen.
3. The biosurfactant of claim 1 or 2 wherein X is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C2-C5 linear or branched alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl,
Figure FDA0003171180120000013
Any one of the above;
each of the substituted substituents in X is independently at least one of deuterium, hydroxyl, phenyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C3-C6 cycloalkyl or amino;
preferably, R is selected from
Figure FDA0003171180120000014
Any one of C1-C5 straight chain or branched chain alkyl; wherein, represents the attachment site of the group, R X Selected from C1-C5 linear or branched alkylene.
4. A biosurfactant according to any one of claims 1 to 3 which comprises any one of the following compounds:
Figure FDA0003171180120000021
5. a process for the preparation of a biosurfactant according to any one of claims 1 to 4 which comprises: reacting capsaicin with a halogen-containing reagent X-Z to obtain the biosurfactant; the reaction formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003171180120000022
wherein X has the same limits as in formula I and Z is selected from halogen.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein X is selected from any one of substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 linear or branched alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 linear or branched alkenyl, and the molar ratio of the halogen-containing reagent X-Z to capsaicin is (1.4-2.0): 1;
preferably, the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst;
preferably, the catalyst is a combination of potassium carbonate and potassium iodide;
preferably, the molar ratio of the capsaicin to the potassium carbonate is 1 (3-3.5);
preferably, the molar ratio of the capsaicin to the potassium iodide is 1 (1.5-2.0);
preferably, the temperature of the reaction is 60-80 ℃;
preferably, the reaction time is 4 to 6 hours.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein X is
Figure FDA0003171180120000031
The molar ratio of the halogen-containing reagent X-Z to the capsaicin is (1.2-2.0): 1.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein X is
Figure FDA0003171180120000032
The reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid-binding agent;
preferably, the acid scavenger comprises triethylamine and/or pyridine;
preferably, the molar ratio of the capsaicin to the acid-binding agent is 1 (1.3-1.6);
preferably, the temperature of the reaction is 15-40 ℃;
preferably, the reaction time is 0.5 to 3 hours.
9. Use of a biosurfactant according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in an oil displacing agent, a fracturing fluid, a viscosity reducing agent or in a microemulsion.
10. A viscosity reducing agent comprising the biosurfactant according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
CN202110818630.XA 2021-07-20 2021-07-20 Biosurfactant for oil displacement and fracturing and preparation method thereof Pending CN115636767A (en)

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