CN115626853B - 一种含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素及其制备方法。所述增效尿素中含有0.01wt%‑0.04wt%的花粉多糖和0.01wt%‑0.04wt%的褐藻寡糖。所述花粉多糖为油菜花粉多糖;所述褐藻寡糖的分子量为400‑1500。本发明制备的增效尿素不仅仅具有促根、促生的效果,而且还具有抗病抗逆等作用,通过诱导提高植物体内植物生长素的分泌,提高植物自身的免疫能力。本发明提供的增效尿素与传统的肥料增效剂不同,在尿素中的添加量极少,具有极大的经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物农药技术领域,具体涉及一种含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国是尿素消费大国,主要用于农业,但由于尿素利用率低,每年通过挥发、淋溶和径流等途径损失掉的尿素占比较大。为了满足植物的营养需求,近几年过量施肥已成常态,过量施肥会使土壤持续酸化,最终丧失生产力,同时会污染河流,造成富营养化和地下水的污染,因此肥料功效的改进成为了当前农业市场的重中之重。
花粉多糖,是以花粉为原料萃取获得。经检测,花粉多糖萃取液包含功能性多糖、氨基酸、多肽、黄酮、脂质、酚类、维生素、微量活性元素等60余种功能活性物和有益物质,具有极高的生物刺激活性。同时,花粉多糖的提取采用最新的生物酶解破壁技术、陶瓷膜分离提纯技术,反应条件温和,可最大限度保留功能成分的活性,避免对天然活性物质的破坏。通过调控营养运输,平衡叶片和果实的养分分配,促进果实表光更好,色泽靓丽。花粉多糖能够在多种植物中诱导活性氧(ROS)的产生,活性氧作为植物体内重要的信号分子,在介导植物体生长发育,生物和非生物胁迫响应发挥着重要的作用。不同作物的多组逆境试验(低温、干旱、盐渍化、酸化等)表明,经过花粉多糖处理的作物相较于对照组,有更加良好生长状态。
褐藻寡糖(Alginate oligosaccharides),别名海藻寡糖、褐藻胶寡糖,是一种从褐藻细胞壁中提取的天然多糖醛酸,是唯一一种在单体分子中含有羧基的多糖,褐藻寡糖通过1,4-糖苷键将α-L-古罗糖醛酸(α-L-guluronicacid,G)和β-D-甘露糖醛酸(β-D-mannuronicacid,M)连接成聚合长链,因此褐藻寡糖的组合方式主要有3种:只有M组成的多聚β-D-甘露糖醛酸片段(Polymannuronate,PM),只由G组成的多聚α-L-古罗糖醛酸片段(Polyguluronate,PG),以及由G和M组成的共聚物(Heteropolymer,PolyMG)。研究发现,褐藻寡糖能够诱导愈伤组织的产生,明显增强细胞内的激素(吲哚乙酸等)含量,通过促进激素含量、脂肪酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶共同作用来激发生长素相关基因表达,促进种子萌发和幼苗生长、生根。其结构式和具体参数如下:
名称 | 褐藻寡糖 |
检测项目 | 实测项目 |
外观 | 白色固体粉末 |
气味 | 无色无味 |
含量,% | ≥90% |
Ph值 | 4.0~7.0 |
水分,% | ≤1.0 |
水不溶物,% | ≤3.0 |
DP3-7糖含量,% | ≥80% |
分子量,Da | 400-1500 |
聚合度,DP | 2-20 |
水中溶解度 | ≥300g/L,常温状态下 |
生物刺激素作为辅助药剂单独添加,添加量大都为1-10‰,不容易掌控其准确用量,对使用者的施肥要求较高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素及其制备方法,解决现有技术中尿素利用率低、施肥过多的技术问题。
本发明为实现上述目的所采用的技术方案如下:
一种含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素,所述增效尿素中含有0.01wt%-0.04wt%的花粉多糖和0.01wt%-0.04wt%的褐藻寡糖。
作为优选实施方案,所述增效尿素中含有0.02wt%-0.03wt%的花粉多糖和0.02wt%-0.03wt%的褐藻寡糖。
作为优选实施方案,所述花粉多糖为油菜花粉多糖。
作为优选实施方案,所述褐藻寡糖的分子量为400-1500。
作为优选实施方案,所述油菜花粉多糖的制备方法为以下步骤:
步骤1,向油菜花粉中加入0.01wt%-5wt%纤维素酶,调节PH值至4.0-8.0,30-60℃下酶解2-8小时,酶解结束后灭菌;
步骤2,酶解液冷却至20-30℃,加入0.01wt%--20wt%的双歧杆菌,15-50℃下发酵5-30天;
步骤3,收集发酵液,向发酵液中加入70%-85%的乙醇进行脱脂处理,离心沉淀,然后采取真空干燥的方法得到油菜花粉多糖。
作为优选实施方案,所述褐藻寡糖的制备方法为以下步骤:
步骤1,将褐藻酸钠粉末溶于水,调节PH值为6.5,加入1wt%-1.5wt%的褐藻胶裂解酶,42-47℃振荡反应;
步骤2,离心取上清液,利用孔径为3500-4500Dal的陶瓷膜超滤,将膜系统截留的酶解液直接喷雾干燥,得到褐藻寡糖。
作为优选实施方案,所述褐藻酸钠粉末的制备方法为以下步骤:
步骤1,向海带粉末中加入水混匀,然后加入1.5-2.5%的纤维素酶,在温度为42-47℃的条件下,酶解15-30min,获得第一酶解液;
步骤2,向第一酶解液中加入0.8-1.5%的果胶酶,在温度为50-60℃的条件下,酶解20-40min,获得第二酶解液;
步骤3,将第二酶解液加热沸腾8-15min,离心,取上清液;向上清液内加入1.5-2.5%的氯化钙,沉淀后获得褐藻酸钙沉淀;
步骤4,将褐藻酸钙加入次氯酸钠漂白后,再加入盐酸酸化,干燥后粉碎,获得褐藻酸钠粉末。
本发明还提供所述的含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,向尿素溶液中加入0.01wt%-0.04wt%的花粉多糖和0.01wt%-0.04wt%的褐藻寡糖,所述尿素溶液是在常规尿素合成过程中的中间产物,其质量分数大于95%;
步骤2,经蒸发和造粒得到含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素。
本发明还提供所述的含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素在制备农用肥料中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
1,本发明所用的花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖与传统的肥料增效剂不同,在尿素中的添加量极少,具有极大的经济效益。
2,本发明制备的增效尿素不仅仅具有促根、促生的效果,而且还具有抗病抗逆等作用,通过诱导提高植物体内植物生长素的分泌,提高植物自身的免疫能力。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例来说明本发明的技术方案。本发明中所用的原料和试剂均市售可得。
实施例1:制备花粉多糖
(1)选取优质的去除杂质的油菜花粉。放入发酵罐,加入原料重量2%的纤维素酶,控制酶解温度45℃,加食用酸或食用碱调整PH值至6.0,酶解5小时,酶解结束后,通入蒸汽灭菌45分钟;
(2)酶解液冷却至室温后,加入原料重量4%的双歧杆菌,控制发酵罐的搅拌速度为200rpm,控制发酵温度为30℃,进行密闭发酵15天。
(3)收集发酵液,发酵液中加入80%的乙醇进行脱脂处理,离心沉淀两次后,采取真空干燥的方法得到油菜花粉多糖。
实施例2:制备褐藻酸钠
(1)选取新鲜的海带,将海带用纯净水冲洗4次,室温自然晾干,将晾干的海带放入粉碎机粉碎,制得海带粉末;
(2)向海带粉末中加入适量的水混合均匀,然后加入2%的纤维素酶,在温度为45℃的条件下,酶解20min,获得第一酶解液;
(3)向第一酶解液内加入1%的果胶酶,在温度为55℃的条件下,酶解30min,获得第二酶解液;
(4)将第二酶解液加热沸腾10min,在11000rpm条件下离心30min,取上清液;
(5)向上清液内加入2%的氯化钙,沉淀后获得褐藻酸钙沉淀;
(6)将褐藻酸钙加入次氯酸钠漂白后,再加入盐酸酸化,干燥后粉碎,获得褐藻酸钠粉末。
实施例3:褐藻寡糖的制备
取褐藻酸钠粉末,通过氢氧化钠调节PH值为6.5,加入1.2%的褐藻胶裂解酶,在温度为45℃的条件下,600rpm水浴恒温振荡反应;用18000rpm的管式离心机离心,取上清液,利用孔径为4000Dal的陶瓷膜超滤,将膜系统截留的酶解液直接喷雾干燥,得到褐藻寡糖。
实施例4:含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素的制备方法
取0.1kg实施例1制备的花粉多糖和0.1kg实施例3制备的褐藻寡糖,加入到1吨尿素溶液中,该尿素溶液为常规尿素合成过程中的中间产物,其质量分数大于95%,经蒸发和造粒得到含0.01wt%花粉多糖和0.01wt%褐藻寡糖的增效尿素。同样方法,制备含不同浓度的花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素;不同浓度含量分别为:含0.02wt%花粉多糖和0.02wt%褐藻寡糖的增效尿素、含0.03wt%花粉多糖和0.03wt%褐藻寡糖的增效尿素、含0.04wt%花粉多糖和0.04wt%褐藻寡糖的增效尿素。
实施例5:含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素对辣椒促生长的应用
取实施例4制备的增效尿素,再通过相同的制备方法制备0.2kg/t的花粉多糖增效尿素、0.2kg/t的褐藻寡糖增效尿素、未添加花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的普通尿素作为对照组。
取350粒具有活性的辣椒种子,用次氯酸钠溶液浸泡消毒,然后通过培育箱培育后,移至温室培育,再种植到种植田内。
将350粒种子分为七个处理组,每组25粒种子,七个处理组分别为普通尿素组、0.02%花粉多糖增效尿素组(简称0.02%花粉多糖组)、0.02%褐藻寡糖增效尿素组(简称0.02%褐藻寡糖组)、0.01%花粉多糖和0.01%褐藻寡糖增效尿素组(简称0.01%增效尿素组)、0.02%花粉多糖和0.02%褐藻寡糖增效尿素组(简称0.02%增效尿素组)、0.03%花粉多糖和0.03%褐藻寡糖增效尿素组(简称0.03%增效尿素组)、0.04%花粉多糖和0.04%褐藻寡糖增效尿素组(简称0.04%增效尿素组)。
移植到种植田14天后,对七个处理组进行施肥处理,按照20kg/亩的标准进行换算施肥,施肥一周后,观察实验组和对照组的辣椒叶片规格,每组选取9个长势较好的幼苗,记录根长度,根鲜重、根干重,幼苗鲜重和幼苗干重的数据,数据结果见表1:
表1
由表1可知:含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖增效尿素的四个实验组均优于花粉多糖增效尿素组、褐藻寡糖增效尿素组和普通尿素组,其中0.03%花粉多糖和0.03%褐藻寡糖的增效尿素组实验效果最好,0.04%花粉多糖和0.04%褐藻寡糖的增效尿素组没有如预期那样持续增长,而是与0.01%花粉多糖和0.01%褐藻寡糖增效尿素组实验数据相近。本实验结果表明:花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖在一定浓度下混合施用具有协同增效的作用。
上述仅为本发明的部分优选实施例,本发明并不仅限于实施例的内容。对于本领域中的技术人员来说,在本发明技术方案的构思范围内可以有各种变化和更改,所作的任何变化和更改,均在本发明保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素,其特征在于:所述增效尿素中含有0.01wt%-0.04wt%的花粉多糖和0.01wt%-0.04wt%的褐藻寡糖;所述花粉多糖为油菜花粉多糖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素,其特征在于:所述增效尿素中含有0.02wt%-0.03wt%的花粉多糖和0.02wt%-0.03wt%的褐藻寡糖。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素,其特征在于:所述褐藻寡糖的分子量为400-1500 Da。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素,其特征在于,所述油菜花粉多糖的制备方法为:
步骤1,向油菜花粉中加入0.01wt%-5wt%纤维素酶,调节PH值至4.0-8.0,30-60℃下酶解2-8小时,酶解结束后灭菌;
步骤2,酶解液冷却至20-30℃,加入0.01wt%--20wt%的双歧杆菌,15-50℃下发酵5-30天;
步骤3,收集发酵液,向发酵液中加入70%-85%的乙醇进行脱脂处理,离心沉淀,然后采取真空干燥的方法得到油菜花粉多糖。
5.根据权利要求1所述的含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素,其特征在于,所述褐藻寡糖的制备方法为:
步骤1,将褐藻酸钠粉末溶于水,调节PH值为6.5,加入1wt%-1.5wt%的褐藻胶裂解酶,42-47℃振荡反应;
步骤2,离心取上清液,利用孔径为3500-4500Dal的陶瓷膜超滤,将膜系统截留的酶解液直接喷雾干燥,得到褐藻寡糖。
6.根据权利要求5所述的含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素,其特征在于,所述褐藻酸钠粉末的制备方法为:
步骤1,向海带粉末中加入水混匀,然后加入1.5-2.5%的纤维素酶,在温度为42-47℃的条件下,酶解15-30min,获得第一酶解液;
步骤2,向第一酶解液中加入0.8-1.5%的果胶酶,在温度为50-60℃的条件下,酶解20-40min,获得第二酶解液;
步骤3,将第二酶解液加热沸腾8-15min,离心,取上清液;向上清液内加入1.5-2.5%的氯化钙,沉淀后获得褐藻酸钙沉淀;
步骤4,将褐藻酸钙加入次氯酸钠漂白后,再加入盐酸酸化,干燥后粉碎,获得褐藻酸钠粉末。
7.权利要求1所述的含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,向尿素溶液中加入0.01wt%-0.04wt%的花粉多糖和0.01wt%-0.04wt%的褐藻寡糖,所述尿素溶液是在常规尿素合成过程中的中间产物,其质量分数大于95%;
步骤2,经蒸发和造粒得到含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素。
8.权利要求1-6任一项所述的含花粉多糖和褐藻寡糖的增效尿素在制备农用肥料中的应用。
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