CN115620692A - Variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial and a preparation method thereof.A three-dimensional model of the sound absorption metamaterial is built through a computing mechanism, and the three-dimensional model is segmented by taking different material junction surfaces of a sound absorption superstructure as boundaries and is assembled and recombined; selecting materials with different rigidities, and respectively processing each part of different materials in the sound absorption metamaterial by using different processing technologies; and combining and assembling the parts of different materials according to different process methods, completely adhering the combined joint surfaces of the different parts into a whole, standing for sufficient time, and thus obtaining the variable-rigidity sound-absorbing metamaterial. According to the invention, the processing technology of multi-material heterogeneous combination additive manufacturing and reverse mould pouring is adopted, the sound absorption frequency band is widened through the adjustment of material rigidity, the sound absorption effect is optimized, the utilization rate of the material is improved, the thickness of the metamaterial is greatly reduced, and the design and manufacturing requirements of the sound absorption and insulation material with any frequency band are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sound absorption functional materials, and particularly relates to a flexible variable-stiffness composite sound absorption metamaterial and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In life, the noise frequency is complicated, particularly, low-frequency noise has strong penetrating power due to long propagation distance, and if the noise exceeds a certain limit value, serious physical and mental health damage can be caused to people in daily life. Penetrating sound insulation materials, the performance and size of sound absorption materials are limited by mass density law and sound wave wavelength. Resulting in a better sound absorbing material, which has a relatively large density and volume, and thus cannot handle noise pollution well. It is therefore desirable to have as small a volume and density as possible for more widespread use, in order to absorb noise pollution as much as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to search for the design and preparation method of the small-size variable-rigidity sound absorption material.
The Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is the most widely used block rapid prototyping technology, and it uses a heating block to heat and melt the wire material, and then uses a nozzle to stack the parts layer by layer from point to line, line to surface, and surface to body to obtain the required part shape. The materials which can be formed include low-melting point metals, high molecular polymers, composite materials which are easy to be formed by fused deposition and the like. The FDM technology has the advantages of low cost, short processing period, support of small-batch direct production, realization of complex geometric shapes and inner cavities which cannot be manufactured by other technologies, perfect stability and repeatability and the like. But heterogeneous combination of different elastic modulus materials has been less studied, most commonly based on the fabrication of structures from a single material, and methods of combining material properties with structural functionality are rare.
The photocuring additive manufacturing technology is a very widely applied additive manufacturing technology in recent years, and is often used for processing parts with higher requirements on precision or performing die preparation on a model with high precision and a complex shape and realizing manufacturing by a reverse die casting method due to ultrahigh manufacturing precision and higher processing speed. The forming principle of photocuring is mainly divided into two types: a. point shaping technique (SLA), b. However, in any forming mode, the existing processing method is processing of a single material, and research and cases of multi-material heterogeneous combination photocuring printing are not designed. The research on the forming device from the functional structure is more rare.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing design method and preparation technology, the invention aims to provide the variable-rigidity acoustic metamaterial and the preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme;
the invention provides a preparation method of a variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial, which comprises the following steps:
building a three-dimensional model of the sound absorption metamaterial through a computing mechanism, segmenting the three-dimensional model forming the sound absorption superstructure by taking different material junction surfaces as boundaries, and assembling and recombining by taking the different material junction surfaces as the boundaries;
selecting materials with different rigidities, and respectively processing each part of different materials in the sound absorption metamaterial by using different processing technologies;
according to different process methods, all parts of different materials are combined, assembled or integrally molded, the combined joint surfaces of the different parts are completely adhered to form a whole, and after standing for sufficient time, the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial is obtained.
Preferably, the building of the three-dimensional model of the sound absorption metamaterial through the computing mechanism comprises:
determining a three-dimensional structure of a sound absorption metamaterial capable of covering a target frequency band according to the target sound absorption frequency band, determining the local structural rigidity of the three-dimensional structures of different materials, and selecting different flexible materials to meet the local structural rigidity;
and (4) segmenting the three-dimensional model by taking the joint surfaces of different materials as boundaries, and assembling the segmented model back to the original three-dimensional structure.
Preferably, the materials of different stiffness include flexible polymers, flexible resin materials, prepolymer and photoinitiator mixtures, and high stiffness materials.
The flexible polymer comprises styrene thermoplastic elastomer SBS, tea ethylene-isoprene-styrene SIS, ethylene propylene diene monomer EPDM, thermoplastic ethylene propylene diene monomer dynamic vulcanized rubber TPV, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer TPO, main thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer TPU, thermoplastic polyester elastomer TPEE and polypropylene ethylene PPE.
The flexible resin material comprises o-benzene type unsaturated polyester resin, water-based acrylic resin, copolymerized petroleum resin or epoxy resin.
The mixture of the prepolymer and the photoinitiator is a mixture of the prepolymer and the photoinitiator according to the mass ratio of (96.5-97) to (3-3.5);
the prepolymer comprises epoxy acrylate EA, polyurethane acrylate PUA, polyester acrylate PEA, polyether acrylate or vinyl resin;
the photoinitiator comprises hyperbranched urethane acrylate HBP2 UA-HMPP, benzophenone or thioxanthone.
The high-strength rigidity material comprises ABS, polylactic acid PLA or PEEK.
Preferably, according to the joint surfaces of different materials, the sound absorption metamaterial is respectively processed by additive manufacturing and reverse die casting processing;
additive manufacturing includes fused deposition extrusion molding processes or photocuring molding processes.
Preferably, the combining surfaces of different materials are irregular contact surfaces, and the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial is prepared by adopting a fused deposition extrusion molding process, and comprises the following steps:
s1, performing three-dimensional modeling on the acoustic metamaterial, performing combined slicing in three-dimensional slicing software, and determining a planned path, wherein different material structures do not interfere with each other;
s2, selecting a thermoplastic polymer material with similar melting point and rigidity meeting the design requirement;
s3, respectively extruding different materials by using different nozzles through a multi-nozzle fused deposition extruder, and properly changing the printing G-code on the joint surfaces of the different materials;
s4, after the fused deposition processing is finished, the environment temperature of the preparation cavity is required to be kept 60-150 ℃ lower than the lowest melting point of the flexible material in the post-treatment process, and the preparation cavity is kept still for at least 30 minutes;
and S5, after the sample is slowly cooled to the room temperature, taking the prepared structure out of the equipment to obtain the product.
Preferably, the joint surfaces of different materials are irregular contact surfaces, and the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial is prepared by adopting a photocuring forming process and comprises the following steps of:
s1, constructing a multi-material three-dimensional model, selecting resins with different elastic moduli in flexible photosensitive resin, and mixing the different resins according to design requirements to prepare the multi-material three-dimensional model;
s2, replacing materials in the photocuring forming process to realize heterogeneous composite printing, and cleaning the surface of a processed workpiece before replacing the materials by using a cleaning solvent;
s3, after the resin material is replaced, prolonging the exposure curing time of the first layer of different resin bonding surfaces by 2-5S, and ensuring that the resins with different rigidities have better interface bonding performance;
and S4, sequentially finishing the structure preparation of different materials from top to bottom by the analogy.
Preferably, the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial is prepared by a photocuring molding process, and for the processing of the serial variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial, different photosensitive resins are sequentially introduced into the molding groove by marking the position heights of different materials, so that the serial variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial is integrally prepared from bottom to top.
Preferably, different material faying surfaces can form a communicated castable cavity, and the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial is prepared by adopting additive manufacturing and reverse die casting processes, and comprises the following steps:
and (3) performing additive manufacturing process preparation on the boundaries of different materials of the acoustic metamaterial structure, after obtaining the structure boundary outline, pouring the corresponding materials in the prepared cavity by adopting a reverse die pouring process, and curing the materials.
Preferably, the parts of different materials are assembled in a combined way, the combined joint surfaces of the different parts are completely adhered to each other, and the mixture is fully kept still for 2 to 6 hours, wherein the still-standing environment is kept at the room temperature of 15 to 25 ℃.
In another aspect of the invention, the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial prepared by the method is provided.
The invention is inspired by additive manufacturing technology and is suitable for all materials which can flexibly use processing technologies such as additive manufacturing, reverse mould pouring, injection molding and the like. The sound absorption metamaterial mainly utilizes the characteristics that different materials have different physical properties and can be formed randomly in an additive manufacturing theory to distribute different materials in the sound absorption metamaterial at required spatial positions according to functions. The method not only can broaden the sound absorption frequency band and optimize the sound absorption effect as much as possible through the material characteristics, but also can greatly reduce the thickness of the metamaterial due to the extremely high utilization rate of the material, and the design and manufacture requirements of the sound absorption and insulation material of any frequency band can be met by the method for designing and preparing the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. compared with the existing single-material and single-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial, the sound absorption metamaterial has the advantages that the material characteristics are fully exerted in the design process, and the space utilization rate is increased. The design thickness and size of the acoustic metamaterial are greatly reduced while the acoustic performance is improved.
2. The sound-absorbing material is prepared directly or indirectly by an additive manufacturing technology, and has higher precision compared with traditional combined, foamed, porous, textile and other sound-absorbing materials, so that the stability and consistency of relative acoustic performance are better.
3. The traditional sound absorption and insulation material is large and heavy, the process is complex and complicated, and the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial provided by the invention has the advantages of small size, simple preparation process, no intermediate waste output, low cost and environmental friendliness.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention:
FIGS. 1 (a) and (b) are schematic diagrams for constructing and dividing a three-dimensional model of a sound absorption metamaterial by a computer;
FIG. 2 is a structure of parallel heterogeneous combination of flexible materials with different elastic moduli;
FIG. 3 is a structure of series heterogeneous combination of flexible materials with different elastic moduli;
FIG. 4 is a structure of complex heterogeneous combination of flexible materials with different elastic moduli;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a multi-material fused deposition process;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a multi-material photo-curing heterogeneous material molding process;
fig. 7 (a) - (c) are schematic diagrams of a manufacturing method combining an additive manufacturing technique and a reverse mold casting technique.
Wherein; the different cross-sectional lines in fig. 1-7 represent materials and structures of different stiffness. 1. 2, 3 and 4 respectively represent different rigidity materials forming the variable rigidity sound absorption metamaterial, 5, 6, 7 and 8 respectively represent printing nozzles of different materials in a fused deposition process, 9-the variable rigidity sound absorption metamaterial in the fused deposition process, 10-a bottom plate of a light curing device, 11-the variable rigidity sound absorption metamaterial in the light curing process, 12-a light curing resin forming groove, 13-photosensitive resin and 14-a UV display screen.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention without limiting the invention thereto.
The invention relates to a variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial design method and a preparation process, which comprises the following specific implementation processes:
step 1, building and dividing metamaterial structure
And building a three-dimensional model of the sound absorption metamaterial structure through a computing mechanism. The structure of the sound absorption metamaterial is designed to be made of different materials, so that the structure made of different materials needs to be determined, and the three-dimensional structure of the sound absorption metamaterial capable of covering a target frequency band is determined according to the target sound absorption frequency band; by computer aided design, each part composed of metamaterials takes a joint surface as a boundary, then the local structural rigidity of three-dimensional structures of different materials is determined, and different flexible materials are selected to meet the local structural rigidity; and (3) segmenting the three-dimensional model by taking the joint surfaces of different materials as boundaries, and assembling the segmented model in a computer to return to the original three-dimensional structure.
According to one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 (a) and 1 (b), after the metamaterial is divided into two parts and then divided into four independent models, different rigidity materials 1, 2, 3 and 4 for forming the variable rigidity sound absorption metamaterial are sequentially constructed and then assembled together through a computer.
2, selecting a proper processing technology according to the metamaterial design structure
The embodiment of the invention provides three acoustic metamaterials with different structures, and the acoustic metamaterials are processed and prepared by selecting a proper technological method.
The materials with different rigidity are flexible materials with different elastic moduli, and comprise flexible polymers, flexible resin textile materials, prepolymer and photoinitiator mixtures (photosensitive resins) and high-strength rigid materials.
Wherein the flexible polymer comprises styrene thermoplastic elastomer (SBS), tea ethylene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM), thermoplastic ethylene propylene diene monomer dynamic vulcanized rubber (TPV), polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer (TPO), main thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE), polypropylene ethylene (PPE) or flexible resin material.
The flexible resin material includes: o-benzene type unsaturated polyester resin, water-based acrylic resin, copolymerized petroleum resin or epoxy resin.
The mixture of the prepolymer and the photoinitiator is a mixture of the prepolymer and the photoinitiator according to the mass ratio of (96.5-97) to (3-3.5).
The prepolymer comprises: epoxy acrylates EA, urethane acrylates PUA, polyester acrylates PEA, polyether acrylates or vinyl resins.
The photoinitiator comprises: hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate HBP2 UA-HMPP, benzophenone or thioxanthone.
High strength rigid materials include the rigid polymers ABS, polylactic acid (PLA), polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
After modeling analysis is carried out on the designed acoustic metamaterial, the Z axis of the model is used as reference in the designed structure, and compared with the structures in FIGS. 2-4, if the structure only comprising the structure in FIG. 2 can be processed by any one of additive manufacturing and reverse die casting, wherein the additive manufacturing comprises a fused deposition extrusion molding process or a photocuring molding process. If the structure in fig. 3 and 4 is included, a melt extrusion preparation process can be used, but if a light curing preparation process is required, the process steps need to be designed in advance to facilitate pouring.
As shown in fig. 2, the joint surfaces of different materials are irregular contact surfaces, and the variable-stiffness sound absorption metamaterial is prepared by a fused deposition extrusion molding process or a photocuring molding process.
In example 1, as shown in fig. 2, a method for preparing a variable-stiffness sound absorption metamaterial by using a fused deposition extrusion molding process includes the following steps:
s1, performing three-dimensional modeling on the designed acoustic metamaterial, wherein if the structure consists of two or more materials, the structure comprises a flexible polymer and a flexible resin material. The structures of different materials are required to be modeled respectively, then combined slicing is carried out in three-dimensional slicing software, and a slicing planned path (G-code) is checked, so that the phenomena of structure interference of different materials and mutual doping of heterogeneous materials are avoided.
And S2, selecting a polymer material with a similar melting point and rigidity meeting the design requirement according to the design requirement, and adjusting the environment and process parameters in the preparation process to obtain an ideal heterogeneous material combination effect.
And S3, preparing the designed variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial by using a multi-nozzle fused deposition extruder, as shown in figure 5, respectively extruding different materials by using printing nozzles 5, 6, 7 and 8 made of different materials, properly changing G-code on a joint surface of the different materials, increasing the adhesive force of contact surfaces of the different materials, and realizing higher process precision and preparation quality on the premise of meeting the design physical properties of the materials.
The G-code is changed specifically as follows: the main change contents of the G-code at the joint surface are as follows: 1. the extrusion amount E at the joint surface is adjusted to 120-150% according to the material characteristics, and the interface bonding force between different materials is increased. 2. The routing path at the joint surface is adjusted to be in a crisscross routing mode, so that the interface combination effect is prevented from being poor due to a single path. 3. The trace pitch at the interface junction is adjusted to be between 0.7 and 0.9 of the nozzle diameter.
Due to the lamination molding from top to bottom, the integrated preparation process which cannot be finished by the traditional processing processes such as heterogeneous material wrapping and embedding can be realized.
And S4, after the fused deposition processing is finished, in order to avoid different shrinkage of different materials due to non-uniform cooling process, the adhesive strength of the joint surface is damaged. Therefore, the environmental temperature of the inner cavity is required to be kept 60-150 ℃ lower than the lowest melting point of the flexible material in the post-treatment process, and the flexible material is kept still for at least 30 minutes, so that the influence of shrinkage on the acoustic and mechanical properties is avoided. After the fused deposition equipment finishes processing, the temperature of the bottom plate is kept to be uniformly and slowly reduced.
And S5, after the sample is cooled to the room temperature, taking the prepared structure out of the equipment to obtain the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial 9 in the fused deposition process.
In example 2, as shown in fig. 2, a method for preparing a variable-stiffness sound absorption metamaterial by using a photocuring molding process includes the following steps:
s1, constructing a multi-material three-dimensional model, selecting resins with different elastic moduli in flexible photosensitive resin, and mixing different resins according to design requirements by adopting a mixture of a prepolymer and a photoinitiator to prepare the resin so as to obtain different resins with the required elastic moduli.
S2, analyzing the designed acoustic metamaterial structure, and if the acoustic metamaterial structure is a series structure in the figure 2, replacing materials in the photocuring process to realize heterogeneous composite printing. The first layer of resin of the processed part can be adhered to the bottom plate 10 of the light curing equipment through ultraviolet UV light irradiation, then the first layer of resin is sequentially laminated and formed from top to bottom, when materials need to be replaced in the forming process, the printing platform needs to be lifted to the highest position which can be lifted by the printing equipment, the part which is processed and formed is cleaned by using an organic cleaning solvent (ethanol and the like), and after no residual resin on the surface of the part is determined, the resin in a resin tank is replaced.
The specific implementation method comprises the following steps: and at the joint interface where different materials exist, after one material is processed and molded, cleaning the surface of the part by using a cleaning solvent to ensure that no uncured resin remains in the part, then replacing the resin in the resin tank, and processing the residual structure of the part.
Different rigid and flexible photosensitive resins are sequentially led into the light-cured resin forming groove 12, and the series-type variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial 11 is integrally prepared from bottom to top.
And S3, after the photosensitive resin 13 in the resin material figure 6 is replaced, the exposure curing time of the first layer of different resin joint surfaces needs to be prolonged by 2S-5S, and the exposure time and the exposure image are mainly controlled by the bottom UV display screen 14. Therefore, the resin with different rigidity has better interface bonding performance.
And S4, sequentially finishing the structure preparation of different materials from top to bottom by the analogy, and taking out the materials to obtain the material.
Fig. 3 and 4 show that the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial is prepared by adopting additive manufacturing and reverse die casting processes for forming communicated castable cavities by combining surfaces of different materials.
Specifically, in embodiment 3, a preparation method combining additive manufacturing and reverse mold casting is adopted, which includes:
analyzing the designed acoustic metamaterial structure, if the structure is a parallel or complex structure in fig. 3 and 4, preparing the boundary of different materials by an additive manufacturing process, selecting flexible resin and a high-strength rigid material, preparing the boundary, pouring the different materials into the prepared cavity in fig. 7 (b) by adopting a reverse die pouring process after obtaining the shell of the boundary in fig. 7 (a), and curing the different materials.
In the pouring process, materials with good adhesion effects between the pouring materials and the boundary are selected as much as possible, and the material structure shown in fig. 7 (c) is obtained by pouring and assembling from inside to outside in sequence.
And 4, combining and assembling the parts of different materials:
and (3) fully standing for more than 2-3h when the combined joint surfaces of different parts are completely adhered to each other into a whole, and keeping the standing environment at the room temperature of 15-25 ℃ to obtain the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial.
The invention solves the problems that the self density and the volume of the sound absorption material prepared by a single material structure are relatively large, so that the noise pollution cannot be well treated, and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial is characterized by comprising the following steps:
building a three-dimensional model of the sound absorption metamaterial through a computing mechanism, and segmenting the three-dimensional model forming the sound absorption superstructure by taking different material joint surfaces as boundaries to assemble and recombine;
selecting materials with different rigidities, and respectively processing each part of different materials in the sound absorption metamaterial by using different processing technologies;
according to different process methods, all parts of different materials are combined, assembled or integrally molded, the combined joint surfaces of the different parts are completely adhered to form a whole, and after standing for sufficient time, the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial is obtained.
2. The method for preparing the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the step of building a three-dimensional model of the sound absorption metamaterial through a computing mechanism comprises the following steps:
determining a three-dimensional structure of a sound absorption metamaterial capable of covering a target frequency band according to the target sound absorption frequency band, determining the rigidity of each local structure of the three-dimensional structures of different materials, and selecting different flexible materials to meet the rigidity of the local structures;
and (4) segmenting the three-dimensional model by taking the joint surfaces of different materials as boundaries, and assembling the segmented model back to the original three-dimensional structure.
3. The method for preparing the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the materials with different rigidities comprise flexible polymers, flexible resin materials, prepolymer and photoinitiator mixtures and high-strength rigidity materials;
the flexible polymer comprises a styrene thermoplastic elastomer SBS, a tea ethylene-isoprene-styrene SIS, an ethylene propylene diene monomer EPDM, a thermoplastic ethylene propylene diene monomer dynamic vulcanized rubber TPV, a polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer TPO, a main thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber TPU, a thermoplastic polyester elastomer TPEE or a polypropylene ethylene PPE;
the flexible resin material comprises o-benzene type unsaturated polyester resin, water-based acrylic resin, copolymerized petroleum resin or epoxy resin;
the mixture of the prepolymer and the photoinitiator is a mixture of the prepolymer and the photoinitiator according to the mass ratio of (96.5-97) to (3-3.5);
the prepolymer comprises epoxy acrylate EA, polyurethane acrylate PUA, polyester acrylate PEA, polyether acrylate or vinyl resin;
the photoinitiator comprises hyperbranched urethane acrylate HBP2 UA-HMPP, benzophenone or thioxanthone;
the high-strength rigidity material comprises ABS, polylactic acid PLA or PEEK.
4. The method for preparing the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that each part of different materials in the sound absorption metamaterial is processed by additive manufacturing and reverse die casting processing technologies according to different material joint surfaces;
additive manufacturing includes fused deposition extrusion molding processes or photocuring molding processes.
5. The method for preparing the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial according to claim 4, wherein the combining surfaces of different materials are irregular contact surfaces, and the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial is prepared by a fused deposition extrusion molding process, and comprises the following steps:
s1, performing three-dimensional modeling on the acoustic metamaterial, performing combined slicing in three-dimensional slicing software, and determining a planned path, wherein different material structures do not interfere with each other;
s2, selecting a thermoplastic polymer material with similar melting point and rigidity meeting the design requirement;
s3, respectively extruding different materials by using different nozzles through a multi-nozzle fused deposition extruder, and properly changing the printing G-code on the joint surfaces of the different materials;
s4, after the fused deposition processing is finished, the environment temperature of the preparation cavity is required to be kept 60-150 ℃ lower than the lowest melting point of the flexible material in the post-treatment process, and the preparation cavity is kept still for at least 30 minutes;
and S5, after the sample is slowly cooled to the room temperature, taking the prepared structure out of the equipment to obtain the product.
6. The method for preparing the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial according to claim 4, wherein the combining surfaces of different materials are irregular contact surfaces, and the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial is prepared by adopting a photocuring molding process, and comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a multi-material three-dimensional model, selecting resins with different elastic moduli in flexible photosensitive resin, and mixing the different resins according to design requirements to prepare the multi-material three-dimensional model;
s2, replacing materials in the photocuring forming process to realize heterogeneous composite printing, and cleaning the surface of a processed workpiece before replacing the materials by using a cleaning solvent;
s3, after the resin material is replaced, prolonging the exposure curing time of the first layer of different resin bonding surfaces by 2-5S, and ensuring that the resins with different rigidities have better interface bonding performance;
and S4, sequentially finishing the structure preparation of different materials from top to bottom by the analogy.
7. The method for preparing the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial according to claim 6, wherein the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial is prepared by a light curing molding process, and different photosensitive resins are sequentially introduced into the molding grooves by marking the position heights of different materials in the processing of the series variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial, so that the series variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial is integrally prepared from bottom to top.
8. The method for preparing the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial according to claim 4, wherein different material junction surfaces form communicated castable cavities, and the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial can be prepared by adopting additive manufacturing and reverse die casting processes, and comprises the following steps:
and (3) performing additive manufacturing process preparation on the boundaries of different materials of the acoustic metamaterial structure, after obtaining the structure boundary outline, pouring the corresponding materials in the prepared cavity by adopting a reverse die pouring process, and curing the materials.
9. The method for preparing the variable-rigidity sound absorption metamaterial according to claim 5, wherein the parts of different materials are assembled in a combined mode, combined joint surfaces of the different parts are completely adhered to each other, and the combined joint surfaces are kept stand for 2-6 hours at 15-25 ℃.
10. A variable stiffness sound absorbing metamaterial prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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