CN115618984A - Multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy, which comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of constructing a multi-microgrid cooperation alliance transaction framework, establishing a low-carbon economic optimization operation target of the multi-microgrid cooperation alliance, establishing a single microgrid model in the multi-microgrid cooperation alliance, meeting electric energy sharing balance constraint among the microgrids when the multi-microgrid cooperation alliance is operated in an optimized mode, and carrying out fair distribution on benefits generated by the multi-microgrid cooperation alliance among all members of the multi-microgrid cooperation alliance by adopting a Shapley distribution method. The method provided by the invention can realize reasonable sharing of internal resources of the multiple micro-grids, improve the overall economic benefit of the multi-micro-grid cooperative alliance micro-grid, and reduce the overall carbon emission of the multi-micro-grid cooperative alliance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy trading in the power market, in particular to a multi-microgrid cooperative alliance trading method considering low-carbon economy.
Background
In recent years, the rapid development of various distributed resources such as wind power, photovoltaic, energy storage, micro gas turbines and the like, and the micro grid becomes an effective way for integrating and utilizing the distributed resources, meeting the local energy demand of regions and reducing carbon emission. With the increase of the assembly capacity of distributed power generation resources in the microgrid, the microgrid is gradually changed from a simple consumer to a producer and a consumer which can consume electric energy and sell electric energy. The issue of "several opinions on further deepening the innovation of the power system" indicates that the open degree of the power selling side is continuously improved, which means that the microgrid as a main producer and consumer can also autonomously participate in the energy trading of the power market to obtain the profit therefrom. However, a single microgrid still has certain limitations in terms of integrating distributed resources, consuming clean energy and reducing carbon emission of an energy system, and a plurality of microgrid subjects may exist in the same power distribution area, and they may form an alliance to obtain more benefits in the energy transaction process. How to make a proper alliance operation strategy and reasonably share internal resources of the multiple micro-grids so as to improve the overall economic benefit of the alliance micro-grids and reduce the overall carbon emission of the alliance is worthy of deep research.
At present, many researches on the optimized operation of a single microgrid exist at home and abroad. Research is available to combine an alternating current-direct current hybrid wind power generation system with an isolated island microgrid, and an optimized scheduling strategy suitable for an island independent microgrid system is provided; calculating the system operation cost and the carbon emission, and establishing a multi-objective optimization model of the comprehensive energy microgrid system; wind and light uncertainty is calculated, an economic risk game model of the microgrid is established, and the influence of the uncertainty on the optimized operation of the microgrid is quantitatively analyzed; based on the block chain technology, a microgrid power market frame is designed and optimized scheduling of the microgrid power market is researched. The method comprises the steps of considering the condition that the microgrid participates in a day-ahead energy market, a real-time energy market and a carbon trading market simultaneously, calculating uncertainty of electricity price and photovoltaic output, and establishing a two-stage robust optimization scheduling model of the microgrid. However, the above documents only aim at the optimized scheduling of a single microgrid, and do not consider the situation that cooperative alliances among a plurality of microgrid agents participate in energy trading and optimized scheduling.
When multiple piconets exist in a distribution area, cooperative alliance and energy sharing among piconets often enable each piconet to obtain more benefits than when they operate alone. Therefore, some researchers have recently studied cooperative and coordinated operation of multiple piconets. Research has provided a multi-microgrid transaction mechanism based on an improved Nash method, and the reasonable distribution of the benefits obtained by microgrid cooperation is carried out; a method for considering that energy storage equipment participates in optimization operation of the multiple micro-grids together is also researched and provided; a multi-microgrid non-team game model containing real-time electricity prices is established based on a distributed energy management algorithm for effectively coordinating and realizing energy balance among the micro-grids; a multidimensional network joint economic dispatching model is provided based on an alternative multiplier method and a Shapley distribution method; electric energy interaction among the main bodies is considered in the multi-microgrid integrated energy system, and a multi-target combined optimization configuration strategy of the multi-microgrid integrated energy system is provided based on a negotiation game method; research is directed at a topological structure combining multiple micro-grids and a power distribution network, and a robust economic optimization scheduling model under the system topology is established. However, in the above research on the optimal scheduling and optimal configuration of the multi-microgrid system, the carbon emission of the multi-microgrid system is taken into account, and the hidden cost brought to the multi-microgrid system by the carbon emission is not considered.
The reduction of carbon emission is an important way for solving global climate problems, china makes an important promise of 'striving for realizing carbon peak reaching 2030 years ago and realizing carbon neutralization 2060 years ago', and the annual carbon emission of the electric power industry in China accounts for 40% of the total carbon emission of the whole country. Based on the background and the problems existing in the existing multi-microgrid coordinated operation, greenhouse gas emission cost of a multi-microgrid system is considered, and a multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction model considering low carbon and economy is established. Firstly, a multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction framework is constructed, greenhouse gas emission cost is considered, and an optimized operation target after the multi-microgrid forms an alliance is established. Then, a single microgrid model in the alliance is established, and the constraint in each microgrid needs to be met during operation of alliance optimization. And the Shapley distribution method is adopted to carry out fair distribution on the benefits obtained by the running of the alliances, so that the healthy development of the microgrid cooperation alliances is promoted. And finally, the effectiveness of the provided model on reduction of greenhouse gas emission of the microgrid group and improvement of economy of the microgrid group is verified through cooperative union operation of three microgrid networks.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention is provided in view of the problems that the existing single microgrid still has certain limitations in the aspects of integrating distributed resources, consuming clean energy and reducing the carbon emission of an energy system, and the multi-microgrid system does not consider the hidden cost brought to the multi-microgrid system by the carbon emission.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy, which comprises the following steps:
constructing a framework of multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction;
establishing a low-carbon economic optimization operation target of the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance;
establishing a single microgrid model in the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance, wherein the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance needs to meet the electric energy sharing balance constraint among the microgrid during optimized operation;
and carrying out fair distribution on the benefits generated by the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance among all the members of the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance by adopting a Shapley distribution method.
The invention relates to a multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy, which comprises the following steps: the framework for building a multi-piconet cooperative alliance transaction includes,
a plurality of micro-grids in the same region form a multi-micro-grid cooperation union, a multi-micro-grid cooperation union administrator uniformly schedules the micro-grids in the multi-micro-grid cooperation union, and resource information is shared among the members of the multi-micro-grid cooperation union;
when a alliance administrator manages and schedules the micro-networks in the multi-micro-network cooperation alliance, the constraint of each micro-network needs to be met;
the microgrid in the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance preferentially carries out internal transaction no matter whether the microgrid is in short of electricity or surplus electricity;
and if the whole multi-microgrid cooperative alliance still has electric power shortage, purchasing electricity to the upper-level power grid, and if the whole multi-microgrid cooperative alliance has electric power surplus, selling electricity to the upper-level power grid.
The invention relates to a multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy, which comprises the following steps: the low-carbon economic optimization operation target of the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance comprises minimizing the operation cost of the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance;
the operation cost of the multi-microgrid cooperation alliance is electricity purchase cost, gas purchase cost and greenhouse gas emission punishment cost;
if the surplus electricity still exists after the electricity utilization in the alliance is balanced, the surplus electricity can be sold to a superior power grid, and therefore benefits are maximized.
The invention relates to a multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy, which comprises the following steps: a single microgrid model in the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance comprises microgrids with different resource types and quantities;
the resource types comprise a micro gas turbine, a photovoltaic, a wind power clean power supply, an energy storage system, a flexible load, greenhouse gas emission, micro-grid internal power and electricity purchasing and selling;
and during optimization, models of corresponding resources can be selected or rejected according to the actual conditions of different micro-grids.
The invention relates to a multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy, which comprises the following steps: the electric energy sharing balance constraint among the micro networks is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the electricity quantity obtained by the microgrid i from other grids,
the amount of power sold to other piconets for piconet i,
is the same asAnd in a period of time, the sum of the electric quantity purchased by each member in the alliance to other members is equal to the sum of the electric quantity sold by each member in the alliance to other members.
The invention relates to a multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy, which comprises the following steps: the respective constraints of each micro-grid comprise output constraints of a gas turbine, photovoltaic, output constraints of a wind power clean power supply, energy storage system constraints, flexible load constraints, greenhouse gas emission constraints, internal power balance constraints of each micro-grid and power purchasing and selling behavior constraints of each micro-grid to other micro-grids.
The invention relates to a multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy, which comprises the following steps: the output constraint of the gas turbine, the output constraint of the photovoltaic and wind power clean power supply, the constraint of the energy storage system, the constraint of the flexible load and the constraint of the greenhouse gas emission comprise,
the micro gas turbine consumes natural gas to produce electric energy, and the output constraint of the micro gas turbine is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the output of the micro gas turbine in the micro grid i in the time period t,
inputting the natural gas quantity of the micro-grid i into the micro-gas turbine for the time t,
for the working efficiency of the micro-grid i gas turbine,
the lower limit and the upper limit of the output of the gas turbine;
the output constraint of the photovoltaic and wind power clean power supply microgrid is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
wind power and photovoltaic on-grid power in the microgrid i at a time interval t are respectively, and the predicted output of wind power photovoltaic is generally used as the upper limit of the on-grid power in the microgrid during day-ahead scheduling;
the energy storage system constraints are:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the energy storage of the micro-grid i energy storage system in the time period t,
and
the energy storage charging and discharging power of the microgrid i are respectively set at t time interval, delta t is unit time interval,
the energy storage capacity should remain unchanged after a scheduling period to ensure scheduling continuity,
and
the upper limits of the charging and discharging power of the energy storage system are respectively,
and
the variables of 0-1 of the charging and discharging states of the energy storage system are respectively represented as '1' for 'yes', and '0' for 'no',
storing energy charging and discharging amount for a period t, wherein discharging is represented by positive, and charging is represented by negative;
the electric automobile flexibility load power consumption time can shift in a flexible way in one day, but the power consumption before and after shifting keeps unchanged, and the load restraint is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in order to be able to transfer the load,
in order to keep the load quantity before and after the transferable load transfer constant,
the upper limit of the charging and discharging power of the energy storage system;
the sources of greenhouse gas emission during microgrid operation mainly comprise CO caused by natural gas combustion of micro gas turbines inside the microgrid 2 And CO indirectly caused by electricity purchase from the micro-grid to the upper-level power grid 2 、SO 2 、NO x The emission of greenhouse gases is increased, and the emission of greenhouse gases generated by the micro-grid operation is restricted as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in order to generate carbon dioxide emission coefficient to the upper-level power grid,
is the carbon dioxide emission coefficient when the natural gas is combusted,
the discharge coefficient of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide when purchasing electricity to the upper-level power grid.
The invention relates to a multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy, which comprises the following steps: the internal power balance constraints for each microgrid may include,
the inside of each micro-grid needs to satisfy the power balance of supply and demand, and the power balance constraint inside the micro-grid is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the microgrid i to obtain power from other grids,
is the initial load of the microgrid i,
the amount of electricity sold to the upper-level power grid for the microgrid i,
and selling the electric quantity of other micro-grids for the micro-grid i.
The invention relates to a multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy, which comprises the following steps: the constraints of electricity purchase and sale from each microgrid to other piconets include,
the electricity purchasing and selling actions of the micro-grid to the superior power grid cannot be carried out at the same time, and the electricity purchasing and selling actions of the micro-grid to other micro-grids cannot be carried out at the same time;
the electricity purchasing and selling behaviors of each microgrid to other microgrids are constrained by the following formula:
wherein z is buy,grid 、z sell,grid 、z buy,other 、z sell,other All variables are 0-1, and a value of 1 indicates "yes" and a value of 0 indicates "no".
The invention relates to a multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy, which comprises the following steps: the method for fairly distributing the profits generated by the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance among all the members of the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance by adopting the Shapley distribution method comprises the step of redistributing the profits obtained by the operation according to the contribution degree of each microgrid in cooperation by adopting a Shapley value method to ensure fairness.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can realize reasonable sharing of internal resources of the multi-microgrid cooperation alliance, improve the overall economic benefit of the multi-microgrid cooperation alliance microgrid and reduce the overall carbon emission of the multi-microgrid cooperation alliance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a multi-piconet cooperative alliance transaction framework diagram according to the multi-piconet cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of internal loads of three microgrids in the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy.
Fig. 3 is a wind power and photovoltaic power generation pre-measurement diagram of the microgrid 1 and the microgrid 2 in the multi-microgrid cooperation alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy.
Fig. 4 is an interaction power quantity diagram between the microgrid 2 and the upper-level power grid in different scenes of the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy.
Fig. 5 is an interaction power quantity diagram between the microgrid 3 and the upper-level power grid in different scenes of the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of the power balance situation of the microgrid 1 in the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of the power balance situation of the microgrid 2 in the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy.
Fig. 8 is a diagram of the power balance situation of the microgrid 3 in the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and that the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Furthermore, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the drawings, and in the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, the cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of the device is not enlarged partially according to the general scale for convenience of illustration, and the drawings are only exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in the actual fabrication.
Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper, lower, inner and outer" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and operate, and thus, cannot be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms first, second, or third are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The terms "mounted, connected and connected" in the present invention are to be understood broadly, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, for example: can be fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrally connected; they may be mechanically, electrically, or directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, for an embodiment of the present invention, a multi-piconet cooperative alliance transaction method considering low carbon economy is provided, including:
s1: and constructing a framework of multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transactions. It should be noted that:
as shown in fig. 1, which is a multi-piconet cooperation alliance transaction framework diagram, a plurality of piconets in the same area form a multi-piconet cooperation alliance, a multi-piconet cooperation alliance administrator performs unified scheduling on piconets in the multi-piconet cooperation alliance, and members of the multi-piconet cooperation alliance share resource information.
When the alliance administrator manages and schedules the micro-networks in the multi-micro-network cooperation alliance, the respective constraint of each micro-network needs to be met.
No matter the microgrid in the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance is in power shortage or residual power, internal transactions are preferentially carried out.
And if the whole multi-microgrid cooperative alliance still has the power shortage, purchasing power to the upper-level power grid, and if the whole multi-microgrid cooperative alliance has the power surplus, selling power to the upper-level power grid.
S2: the low-carbon economic optimization operation objective of the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance comprises minimizing the operation cost of the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance. It should be noted that:
the operation cost of the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance is electricity purchasing cost, gas purchasing cost and greenhouse gas emission punishment cost.
If the surplus electricity still exists after the electricity utilization in the alliance is balanced, the surplus electricity can be sold to a superior power grid, and therefore benefits are maximized.
The overall operational goal of the federation can be expressed as:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
respectively the overall electricity purchasing cost and greenhouse gas emission punishment cost of the microgrid alliance,
the price of electricity purchased and sold from the microgrid to the power grid in the time period t is respectively,
the electricity purchasing quantity and the electricity selling quantity from the microgrid i to the power grid in the time period t are respectively,
for the gas purchase price of the microgrid in the period of t,
for the t period of time the amount of natural gas consumed by the micro grid i gas turbine,
respectively are punishment cost coefficients of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide gas emission,
respectively the emission of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide generated by the microgrid i in the period of t, N t Set of time periods divided for one day, N i Is a collection of micro-grids in a federation.
S3: a single microgrid model in the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance comprises the microgrids with different resource types and quantities. It should be noted that:
the resource types comprise a micro gas turbine, a photovoltaic, a wind power clean power supply, an energy storage system, a flexible load, greenhouse gas emission, micro-grid internal power and electricity purchasing and selling.
And during optimization, models of corresponding resources can be selected or rejected according to the actual conditions of different micro-grids.
S4: the electric energy sharing balance constraint among the micro networks is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the microgrid i to obtain power from other grids,
the amount of electricity sold to other microgrids for microgrid i,
in the same time intervalAnd the sum of the electric quantity purchased by each member in the alliance to other members is equal to the sum of the electric quantity sold by each member in the alliance to other members.
S5: the respective constraints of each microgrid comprise output constraints of a gas turbine, photovoltaic, output constraints of a wind power clean power supply, energy storage system constraints, flexibility load constraints, greenhouse gas emission constraints, internal power balance constraints of each microgrid and power purchasing and selling behavior constraints of each microgrid to other microgrids. It should be noted that:
the micro gas turbine consumes natural gas to produce electric energy, and the output constraint of the micro gas turbine is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the output of the micro gas turbine in the micro grid i in the time period t,
inputting the natural gas quantity of the micro-grid i into the micro-gas turbine for a period of t,
for the working efficiency of the micro-grid i gas turbine,
the lower limit and the upper limit of the output of the gas turbine.
The output constraint of the photovoltaic and wind power clean power supply microgrid is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
wind power and photovoltaic on-grid power in the microgrid i in a time period t are respectively, and the predicted power of the wind power photovoltaic is generally used as the upper limit of the on-grid power in the day-ahead scheduling.
The energy storage system is constrained as follows:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
for the energy storage of the micro-grid i energy storage system in the time period t,
and
the energy storage charging and discharging power of the microgrid i are respectively set at t time interval, delta t is unit time interval,
the energy storage capacity should remain unchanged after a scheduling period to ensure scheduling continuity,
the upper limits of the charging and discharging power of the energy storage system are respectively,
the variables of 0-1 of the charging and discharging states of the energy storage system are respectively represented as '1' for 'yes', and '0' for 'no',
the energy is stored for the period t, the discharge is represented by positive, and the charge is represented by negative.
The flexible load constraint is that the electricity consumption time of the flexible load of the electric automobile can be flexibly transferred in one day, but the electricity consumption before and after the transfer is kept unchanged, and the load constraint is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in order to be able to transfer the load,
in order to keep the load quantity before and after the transferable load transfer constant,
and the upper limit of the charging and discharging power of the energy storage system is set.
The sources of greenhouse gas emission during microgrid operation mainly comprise CO caused by natural gas combustion of micro gas turbines inside the microgrid 2 Emission and CO indirectly caused by electricity purchase from the micro-grid to the upper-level power grid 2 、SO 2 、NO x The emission of greenhouse gases is increased, and the emission of the greenhouse gases generated by the micro-grid operation is constrained as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the carbon dioxide emission coefficient for power generation to the upper grid,
is the carbon dioxide emission coefficient when the natural gas is combusted,
the discharge coefficient of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide when purchasing electricity to the upper-level power grid.
The inside of each micro-grid needs to satisfy the power balance of supply and demand, and the power balance constraint inside the micro-grid is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the microgrid i to obtain power from other grids,
is the initial load of the microgrid i,
the amount of electricity sold to the upper-level power grid for the microgrid i,
and selling the electric quantity of other micro-grids for the micro-grid i.
The constraints of electricity purchasing and electricity selling from each microgrid to other microgrids include that electricity purchasing and electricity selling from the microgrid to a superior power grid cannot be performed simultaneously, and electricity purchasing and electricity selling from the microgrid to other microgrids cannot be performed simultaneously.
The electricity purchasing and selling behaviors of each microgrid to other microgrids are constrained by the following formula:
wherein z is buy,grid 、z sell,grid 、z buy,other 、z sell,other All variables are 0-1, and a value of 1 indicates "yes" and a value of 0 indicates "no".
S6: and the Shapley distribution method is adopted to carry out fair distribution on the benefits generated by the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance among all the members of the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance. It should be noted that:
and (4) redistributing the benefits obtained by the operation according to the contribution of each microgrid in the operation by adopting a Shapley value method to ensure fairness.
The distribution benefit obtained by the microgrid i under the Shapley distribution method can be expressed as follows:
wherein S is a union microgrid set N i Of any subset of, S i For microgrid set N i All subsets of the microgrid i are contained in the microgrid, and N is a microgrid set N i The number of the medium-frequency microgrids, | S | is the number of the microgrids in the set S, B i Allocated revenue for microgrid i, B S Revenue generated for set S, B S-i And removing the revenue generated after the microgrid i is collected for the set S.
After the benefit distribution, the actual operating cost of the microgrid i can be expressed as:
wherein the Creali table is the actual operation cost of the microgrid i after the microgrid i is subjected to the cooperative alliance, C i The cost of the microgrid i when running alone.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2 to 8, this embodiment is a second embodiment of the present invention, taking three micro-grids forming an alliance in a certain area as an example, internal loads of each micro-grid are shown in fig. 2, a renewable energy power generation device is not arranged in the micro-grid 3, predicted wind and light power generation amounts of the micro-grid 1 and the micro-grid 2 are shown in fig. 3, relevant parameters in each micro-grid model are shown in table 1, relevant parameters of greenhouse gas emission cost are shown in table 2, electricity prices of the micro-grid for purchasing electricity from the power grid are shown in table 3, and a gas price of the micro-grid for purchasing natural gas from a higher-level gas grid is set to be 0.52 yuan/kW "h.
TABLE 1 microgrid model-related parameters
TABLE 2 greenhouse gas emission cost-related parameters
TABLE 3 price for electricity purchase
In order to verify the effectiveness of the alliance cooperation method in the aspects of improving the benefits of alliance members and reducing the emission of greenhouse gases of the microgrid, the following two scenes are set for comparative analysis.
Scene 1: all micro-grids do not cooperate with one another, and the micro-grids independently perform self-optimized operation and only perform energy transaction with a superior power grid.
Scene 2: the micro-networks cooperate to form an alliance, coordination optimization scheduling is carried out on the micro-networks in the alliance by adopting the method provided by the document, energy trading is firstly carried out among the micro-networks, then energy trading is carried out on the micro-networks and a superior power grid, and finally benefit distribution is carried out.
The micro grid group greenhouse gas emission penalty cost and the final total operating cost in the two scenarios are shown in table 4,
table 4 microgrid operation cost under different scenes
The total operation cost of the microgrid 1 and the microgrid 2 in one day is negative, namely the operation income of the microgrid 1 and the microgrid 2 is larger than the expenditure. This is because the power generation resources in the microgrid 1 and the microgrid 2 are relatively abundant, and therefore, surplus power is sold to the outside while satisfying the load of the microgrid 1, so that a certain profit is obtained in one day; as can be seen from table 4, the operation cost of each microgrid in the scene 2 is less than that in the scene 1, and the greenhouse gas emission cost of the microgrid group in the scene 2 is also less than that in the scene 1, which is equivalent to that of the total greenhouse gas emission of the microgrid group in the scene 2; the low-carbon economic microgrid energy sharing transaction mode is considered, so that greenhouse gas emission of microgrid groups can be effectively reduced, and the running cost of each microgrid is reduced.
Under a alliance cooperation transaction mode, the members in the microgrid preferentially share energy inside the microgrid and then buy and sell electricity to the upper-level power grid; because the price of selling electricity to the superior power grid is lower than the price of purchasing electricity to the superior power grid, if redundant electric energy can be shared in the alliance, the electricity purchasing amount of the whole alliance to the superior power grid is reduced, and the electricity purchasing cost of the micro-grid group can be effectively reduced; meanwhile, the upper-level power grid is mainly used for thermal power generation, so that greenhouse gas emission caused by thermal power generation can be reduced by reducing power purchase to the upper-level power grid, and carbon emission cost of the micro-grid group is reduced.
The interaction electric quantity among the microgrid 2, the microgrid 3 and the superior power grid in different scenes is as shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5, wherein the positive representation represents that electricity is purchased to the superior power grid, and the negative representation represents that electricity is sold to the superior power grid.
It can be seen that the electricity sales amount from the microgrid 2 to the upper power grid and the electricity purchase amount from the microgrid 3 to the upper power grid in the scenario 2 are greatly reduced, because the microgrid 1 and the microgrid 2 share the surplus electricity to the microgrid 3 in the alliance cooperation mode, so that the electricity sales loss of the microgrid alliance due to the purchase and sale price difference of the upper power grid is reduced; after the micro-grids are joined in a cooperative manner, because the surplus power type micro-grid and the power shortage type micro-grid are complemented, the electric quantity which is originally required to be purchased and sold to the upper-level power grid is balanced in the union, and finally, the electric quantity which is interacted between the whole micro-grid union and the upper-level power grid is reduced, so that the loss of the whole micro-grid group caused by purchase and sale price difference is reduced; the yield of the microgrid alliance is equal to the sum of the sums of the independent running total costs of the three microgrids minus the sum of the unions, the yield formed by the unions is distributed among the three microgrids fairly through a Shapley value method, and the fairness and the reliability of cooperation are guaranteed.
The energy balance of each microgrid in the scene 2 is shown in fig. 6 to 8.
As can be seen, the microgrid 1 and the microgrid 2 both share the surplus electric quantity to the microgrid 3 in the period of surplus electric power; the load curve of the microgrid 1 is a bimodal type, the load is large in the daytime and small in the nighttime, so that the wind power of the microgrid 1 is difficult to be consumed by the microgrid 1 at night, and surplus electric quantity brought by the wind power is shared to the microgrid 3 at the night when the wind power is high; the load curve of the microgrid 2 is a nighttime peak type, and the load is small in the daytime and large at night. Therefore, the wind power of the micro-grid 2 is consumed by the micro-grid at night, and the micro-grid needs to purchase power to other micro-grids and a higher-level power grid at night to meet load requirements; however, the photovoltaic power generation amount of the microgrid 2 in the daytime is difficult to be consumed by the microgrid 2, so that redundant power generated by photovoltaic power generation of the microgrid 2 in the daytime is shared by the microgrid 3; therefore, the three micro-grids realize the sharing of energy, and the purchasing and selling electric quantity of the upper-level power grid is reduced, so that the benefit loss caused by purchasing and selling price difference is reduced, and the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide is reduced.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
constructing a framework of multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction;
establishing a low-carbon economic optimization operation target of the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance;
establishing a single microgrid model in the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance, wherein the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance needs to meet the electric energy sharing balance constraint among the microgrid during optimized operation;
and carrying out fair distribution on the benefits generated by the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance among all the members of the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance by adopting a Shapley distribution method.
2. The multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the framework for constructing the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction comprises,
a plurality of micro-grids in the same region form a multi-micro-grid cooperation union, and a multi-micro-grid cooperation union administrator uniformly schedules the micro-grids in the multi-micro-grid cooperation union, and resource information is shared among the members of the multi-micro-grid cooperation union;
when a alliance administrator manages and schedules the micro-networks in the multi-micro-network cooperation alliance, the constraint of each micro-network needs to be met;
the microgrid in the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance preferentially carries out internal transaction no matter whether the microgrid is in short of electricity or surplus electricity;
and if the whole multi-microgrid cooperative union still has power shortage, purchasing power to the upper-level power grid, and if the whole multi-microgrid cooperative union has power surplus, selling power to the upper-level power grid.
3. The multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the low-carbon economic optimization operation target of the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance comprises minimizing the operation cost of the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance;
the operation cost of the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance is electricity purchasing cost, gas purchasing cost and greenhouse gas emission punishment cost;
if the surplus electricity still exists after the electricity utilization in the alliance is balanced, the surplus electricity can be sold to a superior power grid, and therefore benefits are maximized.
4. The multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low carbon economy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a single microgrid model in the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance comprises microgrids with different resource types and quantities;
the resource types comprise a micro gas turbine, a photovoltaic, a wind power clean power supply, an energy storage system, a flexible load, greenhouse gas emission, micro-grid internal power and electricity purchasing and selling;
and during optimization, models of corresponding resources can be selected or rejected according to the actual conditions of different micro-grids.
5. The multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low carbon economy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the electric energy sharing balance constraint among the micro networks is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the microgrid i to obtain power from other grids,
the amount of power sold to other piconets for piconet i,
and in the same time period, the sum of the electric quantity purchased from each member to other members in the alliance is equal to the sum of the electric quantity sold from each member to other members in the alliance.
6. The multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the respective constraints of each micro-grid comprise output constraints of a gas turbine, photovoltaic, output constraints of a wind power clean power supply, energy storage system constraints, flexible load constraints, greenhouse gas emission constraints, internal power balance constraints of each micro-grid and power purchasing and selling behavior constraints of each micro-grid to other micro-grids.
7. The multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy is characterized in that: the output constraint of the gas turbine, the output constraint of the photovoltaic and wind power clean power supply, the constraint of the energy storage system, the constraint of the flexible load and the constraint of the greenhouse gas emission comprise,
the micro gas turbine consumes natural gas to produce electric energy, and the output constraint of the micro gas turbine is as follows:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
for the output of the micro gas turbine in the micro grid i in the time period t,
inputting the natural gas quantity of the micro-grid i into the micro-gas turbine for a period of t,
in order to improve the working efficiency of the micro-grid i gas turbine,
the lower limit and the upper limit of the output of the gas turbine;
the output constraint of the photovoltaic and wind power clean power supply microgrid is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wind power and photovoltaic on-grid power in the microgrid i at a time interval t are respectively, and the predicted output of wind power photovoltaic is generally used as the upper limit of the on-grid power in the microgrid during day-ahead scheduling;
the energy storage system is constrained as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the energy storage of the microgrid i in the time period t,
and
the energy storage charging and discharging power of the microgrid i are respectively set at t time interval, delta t is unit time interval,
for the purpose of ensuring the scheduling continuity, P, that the energy storage capacity should remain unchanged after a scheduling period i ESSch,max 、P i ESSdis,max The upper limits of the charging and discharging power of the energy storage system are respectively,
the variables of 0-1 of the charging and discharging states of the energy storage system are respectively represented as '1' for 'yes', and '0' for 'no',
storing energy charging and discharging amount for a period t, wherein discharging is represented by positive, and charging is represented by negative;
the electric automobile flexibility load power consumption time can shift in a flexible way in one day, but the power consumption before and after shifting keeps unchanged, and the load restraint is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in order to be able to transfer the load,
for the transferable load to be constant before and after the load transfer, P i ESSch,max 、P i ESSdis,max The upper limit of the charging and discharging power of the energy storage system;
the sources of greenhouse gas emission during microgrid operation mainly comprise CO caused by natural gas combustion of micro gas turbines inside the microgrid 2 And CO indirectly caused by electricity purchase from the micro-grid to the upper-level power grid 2 、SO 2 、NO x The emission of greenhouse gases is increased, and the emission of greenhouse gases generated by the micro-grid operation is restricted as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the carbon dioxide emission coefficient for power generation to the upper grid,
is the carbon dioxide emission coefficient when the natural gas is combusted,
the discharge coefficient of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide when purchasing electricity to the upper-level power grid.
8. The multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low carbon economy as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the internal power balance constraints for each microgrid may include,
inside all should satisfying supply and demand power balance of every microgrid, the internal power balance constraint of microgrid is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the microgrid i to obtain power from other grids,
is the initial load of the microgrid i,
the amount of electricity sold to the upper-level power grid for the microgrid i,
and selling the electric quantity of other micro-grids for the micro-grid i.
9. The multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy is characterized in that: the constraints on the electricity purchasing and selling behavior of each microgrid to other microgrids include,
the electricity purchasing and selling actions of the micro-grid to the superior power grid cannot be carried out at the same time, and the electricity purchasing and selling actions of the micro-grid to other micro-grids cannot be carried out at the same time;
the power purchasing and power selling behaviors of each microgrid to other microgrids are constrained as follows:
wherein z is buy,grid 、z sell,grid 、z buy,other 、z sell,other All variables are 0-1, and a value of 1 indicates "yes" and a value of 0 indicates "no".
10. The multi-microgrid cooperative alliance transaction method considering low-carbon economy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method for fairly distributing the profits generated by the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance among all the members of the multi-microgrid cooperative alliance by adopting the Shapley distribution method comprises the step of redistributing the profits obtained by the operation according to the contribution degree of each microgrid in cooperation by adopting a Shapley value method to ensure fairness.
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