CN115618546A - Method for optimizing forging technological parameters in titanium alloy hot working process - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for optimizing forging technological parameters in a titanium alloy hot working process, which comprises the following steps: 1. cutting a sample from a titanium alloy blank and processing the sample into a double-cone structure; 2. acquiring blank hot processing technological parameters and simulating to obtain the strain distribution of the blank after the hot processing is finished; 3. performing compression simulation on the sample along the height direction; the central strain after compression is the same as the highest strain of the strain distribution of the forge piece obtained in step 2, and the cross section at the diameter part after compression is divided according to the strain range according to the strain grade in step 2; the temperature at the highest position of the strain does not exceed the phase change point of the material; 4. compressing the sample into a round cake shape according to the designed deformation and forging temperature; the compression deformation is h0/h1, and h0 and h1 are the forging stroke and the height of the bipyramid sample before forging; 5. observing the microscopic structure of the cross section along the section of the diameter part according to the divided strain range to obtain the microscopic structures corresponding to different strains at the same forging temperature and strain rate; 6. and designing and optimizing a hot working process according to the relation between the hot working parameters and the tissues.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for optimizing forging technological parameters in a titanium alloy hot working process, and belongs to the technical field of metal material science.
Background
With the development of aviation industry and the continuous release of market potential of civil aviation, the application range of titanium alloy with high specific strength and good corrosion resistance in the field is expanding and the dosage is increasing. In view of the particularity of the application field of titanium alloy, how to produce titanium alloy products with low cost, high stability and meeting the performance requirements becomes an important challenge in the titanium industry.
In the production process of titanium alloy products, the forging process is almost a necessary process for producing all titanium alloy products. A large number of production practices and theoretical studies have shown that for titanium alloys of a specific composition, the mechanical properties are mainly determined by the microstructure, which depends on the hot working process, including the forging process and the subsequent heat treatment process, the main factor being the forging process. Therefore, it is important to develop a forging process to study the relationship among the processing temperature, strain rate and structure of titanium alloy.
Chinese patent publication No. CN 101833598a discloses a method for optimizing metal precision forging process conditions based on finite element technology and machining drawing technology. The method adopts a mode of combining a finite element simulation technology and an experiment to optimize a forging process, and utilizes a processing diagram to predict the structure/defect. However, the establishment of the processing diagram requires a plurality of process condition experiments, and the research and development requirements are difficult to meet on a time schedule.
Chinese patent document CN 101294265A discloses a test method for titanium alloy forging technological parameters. The method mainly obtains the corresponding relation among the forging temperature, the deformation and the microstructure by forging the titanium alloy bar in each direction for multiple times, and further applies the corresponding relation to the optimization of process parameters. However, the method is long in time consumption, high in cost and few in data points, and can influence the research and development progress to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provide a simulation experiment method for the relation between the hot working parameters and the microstructure of the titanium alloy aiming at the timeliness of the titanium alloy forging process parameter research method in the prior art, which is used for guiding technicians to research and develop the corresponding relation between the hot working parameters and the microstructure of the titanium alloy, optimizing the titanium alloy forging process and the parameters thereof, reducing the process development cost, shortening the process development period and improving the quality of forgings.
The technical problem to be solved can be implemented by the following technical scheme
A method for optimizing forging technological parameters in a titanium alloy hot working process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the first step of the method,
intercepting a sample from a titanium alloy blank, and processing the sample into a double-cone structure; the double-cone structure consists of a middle cylinder, a first round table and a second round table which are arranged above and below the cylinder, the first round table and the second round table are vertically symmetrical relative to the cylinder, and symmetrical bottom surfaces of the first round table and the second round table are respectively formed on the top surface and the bottom surface of the cylinder;
the total height h1 of the cylinder, the first round table and the second round table is 50-300mm, the height h2 of the cylinder is 10-50mm, the angle alpha between a generatrix of the first round table/the second round table and the top surface/bottom surface of the cylinder is 30-50 degrees, and the diameter w1 of the smaller bottom surface of the first round table/the second round table is more than or equal to 10mm;
in the second step, the first step is that,
obtaining hot working technological parameters of the blank according to hot working procedures of a factory or a workshop, obtaining the strain distribution of the blank after hot working through Deform numerical simulation software, and dividing the strain into 3-8 strain levels according to the strain distribution range in the blank;
step three, performing a first step of cleaning the substrate,
performing compression simulation on the designed bipyramid sample in the step one along the height h1 direction through Deform numerical simulation software, setting the forging temperature to be the same as that of an actual forged piece, and setting the reduction rate to be controlled at 8-70mm/s; designing the compression amount of the biconical sample to enable the central strain after compression to be the same as the highest strain of the strain distribution of the forged piece obtained in the step two, and dividing the cross section at the diameter part after compression according to the strain distribution range designed in the step two;
and the temperature at the highest part of the strain can not exceed the phase change point of the material;
step four, performing a first step of cleaning the substrate,
compressing the bipyramid sample according to the designed deformation and the forging temperature, wherein the compressed sample is in a round cake shape;
wherein the compression deformation epsilon = h0/h1, h0 is the forging stroke of the double-cone sample, and h1 is the height of the double-cone sample before forging;
in the fifth step, the step of,
observing the microscopic structure of the cross section along the section of the diameter part according to the divided strain range to obtain the microscopic structures corresponding to different strains at the same forging temperature and strain rate;
step six, performing a first step of treatment,
and designing and optimizing a hot working process according to the relation between the hot working parameters and the tissues.
In the first step, the diameter w2 of the cylinder is close to the width of the titanium alloy blank.
Also as one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the angle α ranges from 35 to 39 °.
As a further improvement of the invention, when the titanium alloy blank is a bar, the diameter w2 of the cylinder is adapted to the diameter of the bar.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the second step, when the strain distribution range in the blank is used for dividing the strain into 3-8 strain levels, and when the microstructure of the titanium alloy blank is sensitive to the strain in the hot working process, more strain levels in the range are selected; when not sensitive, select less strain levels in this range.
And as a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the third step, the temperature of the circle center region of the forged circular cake does not exceed the phase change point of the material.
Also as a further improvement of the technical proposal, in the fourth step, the compression deformation epsilon is between 0.7 and 0.9.
Compared with the prior art, the method can obtain different microstructures corresponding to continuous strain only through one-time double-cone compression test, greatly reduces the number of process research and development experiments, obviously reduces the process development cost and shortens the process development period. And the process under the specific processing parameter condition can be accurately and efficiently optimized, and the quality of the forged product is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a bipyramid sample of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of exemplary bi-conical experimental sample dimensions, which may be scaled up and down according to the billet conditions, such that the width w2 of the bi-conical sample approximates the billet width; unit: mm.
Fig. 3 shows the shape size and strain distribution of the forged diameter section of the bipyramid sample obtained by numerical simulation, and the bipyramid sample is divided into 7 regions according to the effective strain distribution range, and the effective strain unit is as follows: mm/mm; where the distribution area ranges are set forth in Table 3, the figure identifies only the range distributions;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure (metallographic structure) diagram corresponding to 50 times of magnification respectively corresponding to 7 continuous distribution strain ranges along a diameter section after a biconical sample is forged; FIGS. 4-1 to 4-7 correspond to the 7 regions in FIG. 3, respectively;
FIG. 5 is a microstructure (metallographic structure) diagram corresponding to 200 times of magnification corresponding to 7 continuous distribution strain ranges respectively along a diameter section of a double-cone sample after forging; wherein, fig. 5-1 to 5-7 correspond to 7 regions in fig. 3, respectively;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a simulation experiment method of the relation between the hot working parameters and the microstructure of the titanium alloy so as to realize the optimization of the forging technological parameters in the hot working process of the titanium alloy; referring to the flow chart of fig. 6, the simulation experiment method of the present invention includes the following steps as a whole:
first, numerical simulation is performed on the actual forging process by means of Deform numerical simulation software. Setting the upsetting or drawing tool as a rigid body, and setting parameters such as geometric dimension, temperature, pressure, transfer time, forging process and the like to be consistent with field equipment; the blank to be processed is set as a plastic body, and the ambient temperature is set to be 0-40 ℃. And obtaining the strain value of the blank after the deformation process of each fire forging according to the simulation result. And analyzing the strain data of the blank after forging to determine the strain distribution range.
Then, designing the size and the test rolling reduction of the biconical sample according to the strain distribution range after forging in the previous step, simulating the rolling process of the biconical sample by using Deform numerical simulation software, setting a rolling tool as a rigid body, and setting parameters such as geometric dimension, temperature, pressure, transfer time, forging process and the like to be consistent with field equipment; the blank is set as a plastic body and the ambient temperature is set to 0-40 ℃. And obtaining the strain distribution range of the diameter section of the circular cake after the reduction process is finished, and adjusting the reduction amount to enable the strain range of the diameter section of the circular cake to cover the strain value of the blank obtained in the previous step after the deformation process of each heating time of forging is finished.
And dividing the strain into 3-8 grades according to the strain range of the diameter section of the round cake obtained in the previous step, and analyzing the microstructure at the corresponding positions of different strain grades along the diameter section after forging so as to obtain the relation between the forging temperature and the strain-microstructure.
And further, designing or optimizing a corresponding actual forging process according to the analysis result and the product requirement.
Wherein, if a temperature field of the bipyramid sample or the blank to be processed in the forging process needs to be obtained, setting the heat exchange coefficient of the bipyramid sample and the blank to be processed as 2-5N/sec/mm/c; the heat exchange coefficient of the bipyramid sample and the blank to be processed with air is set to be 0.018-0.022N/sec/mm/c. (Note: the parameter settings in this section correspond to both the simulation of the double cone experiment and the actual forging process that follows).
When the structure of the double-cone test material is consistent with the initial structure of the blank to be processed before forging, the double-cone sample can better represent the state of the blank before forging, particularly if the forging temperature is in a double-phase region, the sample does not undergo beta recrystallization, the consistent structure can ensure the consistent initial conditions, and the relationship between the temperature, the strain and the microstructure is more accurate. Therefore, the microstructure of the blank can be observed before the test is carried out, and when the microstructure of the double-cone sample is inconsistent with the microstructure of the forging blank, the heat treatment or forging process can be adopted to temper the microstructure of the double-cone test material, including the structure forms of alpha and beta phases, the alpha content and the like, to be consistent with the microstructure of the forging blank.
The optimization method of the invention can obtain the structure corresponding to continuous strain only by one-time double-cone compression test, and reveals the corresponding relation among the initial microstructure of the forging stock, the hot working process (temperature, strain rate and equivalent strain value) and the final microstructure. The strain distribution range is obtained through a double-cone compression experiment and covers the strain range of the actual forging process.
Further, the specific implementation method of the invention needs to be carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, taking a sample from a titanium alloy, and processing the sample into a double-cone shape, wherein a typical double-cone shape is shown in the attached drawing 1 and comprises a middle cylinder and upper and lower round tables; wherein, the height h1 ranges from 50mm to 300mm, the height h2 ranges from 10mm to 50mm, the angle alpha ranges from 30 mm to 50 degrees, and the width w1 is more than or equal to 10mm. The size and the specific shape of the double-cone sample can be selected according to the actual sizes of the blank and the forging piece, so that the width w2 of the double-cone sample is optimal when being close to the width of the blank.
Preferably, when the value range of alpha is 35-39 degrees, the double-cone sample can obtain a better continuous strain distribution result after forging, and the subsequent analysis is facilitated.
Preferably, the closer the width w2 value of the bi-cone sample is to the actual forging width or actual bar diameter, the more accurate the subsequent temperature-strain-tissue joint results.
Secondly, obtaining hot working process parameters of the blank according to a process flow transfer card or other process files of a factory or a workshop, obtaining strain distribution of the blank after hot working through Deform numerical simulation software, dividing the strain into 3-8 strain grades according to the strain distribution range in the blank, and if the microstructure of the blank is sensitive to the strain in the hot working process, dividing more strain grades to study the influence of the strain on the microstructure more finely; if not sensitive, the strain level can be reduced to reduce the experimental amount.
Thirdly, performing compression simulation on the designed bipyramid sample along the height h1 direction through Deform numerical simulation software, setting the forging temperature to be the same as that of an actual forging piece, and setting the reduction rate to be controlled at 8-70mm/s. Designing the compression amount of the biconical sample to ensure that the central strain after compression is the same as the highest strain of the strain distribution of the forged piece obtained in the second step, and dividing the cross section at the diameter part after compression according to the strain distribution range designed in the second step. Meanwhile, the temperature of the circle center area of the round cake after forging and pressing, namely the position with the highest strain, cannot exceed the phase change point of the material.
And fourthly, compressing the biconical sample according to the design deformation and the forging temperature, wherein the compression deformation epsilon is between 0.7 and 0.9, and the compressed sample is in a round cake shape.
And the compression deformation epsilon = h0/h1, wherein h0 is the forging stroke of the double-cone sample, and h1 is the height of the double-cone sample before forging.
And fifthly, observing the cross section microstructure along the diameter part by slicing according to the divided strain range, and obtaining the microstructures corresponding to different strains at the same forging temperature and strain rate.
And sixthly, designing and optimizing a hot processing process according to the relation between the hot processing parameters and the tissues.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It is also to be understood that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and that certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. The specific process parameters and the like of the following examples are also only one example of suitable ranges, i.e., those skilled in the art can select the appropriate ranges through the description herein, and are not limited to the specific values exemplified below.
Example one
The method comprises the following steps:
the experimental material was a phi 160mm TC4 titanium alloy forged bar, on which a section of phi 160mm x 200mm gauge material was taken and machined into a biconical shape as shown in fig. 2 in this example.
Step two:
obtaining forging technological parameters of the forging rod in the forging process from a field process circulation card, wherein the forging technological parameters comprise heating temperature, transfer time, forging reduction, deformation mode and the like, carrying out numerical simulation on the actual forging process through Deform numerical simulation software, setting an upsetting or stretching tool as a rigid body, and setting parameters of geometric dimension, temperature, pressure, transfer time, forging technology and the like to be consistent with field equipment; the blank forged rod is set as a plastic body, and the ambient temperature is set to be 0-40 ℃. The heat exchange coefficient is set to be 2N/sec/mm/c; the air heat exchange coefficient was set to 0.021N/sec/mm/c.
The temperature and strain per firing of the forging process of the TC4 titanium alloy in this example are shown in table 1.
Table 1: strain per pass in actual forging
As can be seen from the average single strain column in the table, the average single strain distribution for the intermediate and finished forgings is in the range of 0.5 to 2.14, which is divided into 7 strain levels.
Step three:
and designing the reduction of the double-cone experiment according to the strain distribution range obtained in the previous step. Carrying out numerical simulation on the actual forging process through Deform numerical simulation software, setting an upsetting or drawing tool as a rigid body, and setting parameters such as geometric dimension, temperature, pressure, transfer time, forging process and the like to be consistent with those of field equipment; the blank to be processed is set as a plastic body, and the ambient temperature is set to be 0-40 ℃. The heat exchange coefficient of the tool blank is set to be 2N/sec/mm/c; the heat exchange coefficient of the blank and the air is set to be 0.021N/sec/mm/c.
Table 2 shows the strain and temperature distribution at different reduction and reduction rates at a forging temperature of 950 ℃, from which it can be seen that the maximum strain of 2.15 reached when the bi-cone sample reduction was 117mm (reduction to a height of 35 mm) already covered the desired range and did not exceed the transformation point of the TC4 titanium alloy.
Table 2: the reduction and the reduction rate correspond to the average strain rate, the maximum strain and the maximum temperature
| Pressing amount (mm) | Pressing speed (mm/s) | Average strain rate (/ s) | Maximum strain (mm/mm) | Maximum temperature (. Degree. C.) |
| 114 | 30 | 0.305 | 1.89 | |
| 114 | 50 | 0.507 | 1.89 | |
| 114 | 60 | 0.608 | 1.89 | |
| 117 | 40 | 0.427 | 2.15 | |
| 117 | 15 | 0.16 | 2.15 | 974 |
| 117 | 20 | 0.212 | 2.15 | 976 |
| 117 | 25 | 0.266 | 2.15 | 977 |
| 117 | 28 | 0.299 | 2.15 | 978 |
| 117 | 30 | 0.32 | 2.15 | 979 |
| 117 | 45 | 0.482 | 2.15 | 982 |
| 117 | 47 | 0.503 | 2.15 | 983 |
| 118 | 50 | 0.543 | 2.18 | 984 |
| 122 | 50 | 0.627 | 2.27 |
Step four:
according to the results of the steps, the forging temperature of the biconical sample is designed to be 950 ℃, and the reduction is designed to be 117mm. In this example, the actual forging process of the blank corresponds to a strain rate of about 0.27, so the reduction rate was set to 25mm/s.
Step five:
and (3) performing compression process simulation according to the process parameters set by the double-cone experiment, wherein software and parameters used in the simulation are consistent with the parameters in the third step and the fourth step, and performing strain analysis on the diameter section of the compressed round cake, as shown in fig. 3. According to the difference of the strain distribution range, 7 samples are taken from the axial line of the sample to observe the microstructure, and the strain distribution range corresponding to each sampling position is shown in table 3.
Table 3: corresponding strain distribution range at sampling position
Step six:
the disk after forging was cut along the diameter, and the microstructure corresponding to the different strain regions of the cross section was analyzed, as shown in fig. 4 and 5. It can be seen that as the strain increases, the degree of spheroidization of the alpha phase also increases. At strain ranges of 0-1.5 (3-7 regions), lathy alpha grains with aspect ratios greater than 3 and partial alpha grain clustering (indicated by circles) were still observed, indicating that lathy alpha grains and their clustering could not be completely broken and eliminated at unidirectional compressive strains ranging from 0-1.50.
Step seven:
and finishing the relation between the process and the structure according to the relation between the microstructure and the performance, and designing the blank forging process. In the embodiment, according to the requirements of users, 1.5-2 unidirectional strains corresponding to the No. 1 and No. 2 areas are selected to design the forging process of each time of heating.
Claims (7)
1. A method for optimizing forging technological parameters in a titanium alloy hot working process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the first step of the method,
intercepting a sample from a titanium alloy blank, and processing the sample into a double-cone structure; the double-cone structure consists of a middle cylinder, a first round table and a second round table which are arranged above and below the cylinder, the first round table and the second round table are vertically symmetrical relative to the cylinder, and symmetrical bottom surfaces of the first round table and the second round table are respectively formed on the top surface and the bottom surface of the cylinder;
the total height h1 of the cylinder, the first round table and the second round table is 50-300mm, the height h2 of the cylinder is 10-50mm, the angle alpha between a generatrix of the first round table/the second round table and the top surface/bottom surface of the cylinder is 30-50 degrees, and the diameter w1 of the smaller bottom surface of the first round table/the second round table is more than or equal to 10mm;
in the second step, the first step is that,
according to the hot working procedure of a factory or a workshop, obtaining hot working technological parameters of the blank, obtaining the strain distribution of the blank after the hot working through Deform numerical simulation software, and dividing the strain into 3-8 strain levels according to the strain distribution range in the blank;
step three, performing a first step of cleaning the substrate,
performing compression simulation on the designed biconical sample in the step one along the height h1 direction by Deform numerical simulation software, setting the forging temperature to be the same as that of an actual forged piece, and setting the reduction rate to be controlled at 8-70mm/s; designing the compression amount of a biconical sample, so that the central strain after compression is the same as the highest strain of the strain distribution of the forged piece obtained in the step two, and dividing the cross section at the diameter part after compression according to the strain distribution range designed in the step two;
and the temperature at the highest part of the strain can not exceed the phase change point of the material;
step four, performing a first step of cleaning the substrate,
compressing the bipyramid sample according to the designed deformation and the forging temperature, wherein the compressed sample is in a round cake shape;
wherein the compression deformation epsilon = h0/h1, h0 is the forging stroke of the double-cone sample, and h1 is the height of the double-cone sample before forging;
in the fifth step, the step of,
observing the microscopic structure of the cross section along the section of the diameter part according to the divided strain range to obtain the microscopic structures corresponding to different strains at the same forging temperature and strain rate;
step six, performing a first step of treatment,
and designing and optimizing a hot working process according to the relation between the hot working parameters and the tissues.
2. The method for optimizing the forging process parameters in the hot working process of titanium alloy according to claim 1,
in the first step, the diameter w2 of the cylinder is close to the width of the titanium alloy blank.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the angle α is in the range of 35-39 °.
4. The method for optimizing the forging technological parameters in the titanium alloy hot working process according to claim 2, wherein the titanium alloy blank is a bar, and the diameter w2 of the cylinder is adapted to the diameter of the bar.
5. The method for optimizing the forging technological parameters in the titanium alloy hot working process according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, when the strain distribution range in the blank divides the strain into 3-8 strain levels, when the microstructure of the titanium alloy blank is sensitive to the strain in the hot working process, more strain levels in the range are selected; when insensitive, select less strain levels in this range.
6. The method for optimizing the forging technological parameters in the titanium alloy hot working process according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the temperature of the circle center region of the forged round cake does not exceed the material phase transformation point.
7. The method for optimizing the forging process parameters in the hot working process of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the compression deformation amount epsilon is between 0.7 and 0.9.
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| CN117689999B (en) * | 2024-02-04 | 2024-05-07 | 宝鸡核力材料科技有限公司 | Method and system for realizing TC4 tape coiling process optimization |
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