CN115616055A - Furacilin detection method based on molecular imprinting sensor - Google Patents
Furacilin detection method based on molecular imprinting sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN115616055A CN115616055A CN202211243482.4A CN202211243482A CN115616055A CN 115616055 A CN115616055 A CN 115616055A CN 202211243482 A CN202211243482 A CN 202211243482A CN 115616055 A CN115616055 A CN 115616055A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electrochemical sensor based on a molecular imprinting membrane and application of the electrochemical sensor to detection of nitrofurazone. According to the method, a molecularly imprinted membrane modified electrode is used as a working electrode, a platinum sheet electrode is used as an auxiliary electrode, and an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode to form a three-electrode system for high-selectivity rapid detection of nitrofurazone. The preparation steps of the molecularly imprinted membrane modified electrode are as follows: (1) preparing graphene oxide by using a Hummers improved method; (2) Preparing a gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode by an electrodeposition method; (3) The furacilin is taken as a template molecule, and a molecular imprinting film is obtained by an electropolymerization method, namely the sensor for detecting the furacilin. The invention provides a method for detecting nitrofurazone with high selectivity by an electrochemical sensor based on a molecular imprinting membrane.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a detection method of an electrochemical sensor based on a molecularly imprinted membrane for nitrofural in food, belonging to the technical field of electrochemical analysis and detection.
Background
Furacilin, 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone. Is an artificially synthesized antibacterial drug and has been widely applied to the animal husbandry and the aquaculture industry due to the excellent antibacterial effect and the cost advantage. However, research shows that residues of furacilin and its metabolites in animal-derived foods can be transmitted to human beings through food chains, and various diseases can be caused by long-term intake of furacilin and its metabolites, and the residues have side effects of carcinogenesis, teratogenesis and the like on human bodies. The department of agriculture in China prohibits the use of nitrofurazone for human and animals. However, due to high antibacterial efficiency and low cost, lawless persons still use the antibacterial agent. Therefore, the method has very important significance for high-selectivity detection of the nitrofurazone drug residue in the food.
At present, the methods commonly used for detecting nitrofurazone mainly comprise: gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and the like, but the methods all have the defects of complex operation, high cost, environmental pollution and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of furacilin detection by the existing analysis method, combines the advantages of high selection of molecular imprinting materials and high sensitivity and simple and quick operation of an electrochemical sensor, and provides a method for detecting furacilin by the electrochemical sensor based on a molecular imprinting membrane.
Compared with the existing detection method, the electrochemical analysis method has the advantages of good selectivity, high sensitivity, less time consumption, simple operation, quick response and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: according to the invention, graphene and gold nanoparticles are introduced as the sensitization nanometer materials of the electrodes, the graphene and the gold nanoparticles can effectively increase the specific surface area of the electrodes to increase the number of recognition sites, and then the modified electrodes are placed in a polymerization solution of nitrofurazone and a functional monomer to prepare a molecularly imprinted membrane on the electrodes through an electropolymerization method. And eluting furacilin by using a chemical solution to prepare the molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor. The sensor is placed in a furacilin solution for adsorption, and the recognition capability of the sensor is enhanced by utilizing the high selectivity of the molecularly imprinted membrane.
The preparation method of the molecularly imprinted membrane modified electrode comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Pretreating a glassy carbon electrode: polishing the glassy carbon electrode on a chamois leather by using 0.50-0.05-micron aluminum oxide powder to a mirror surface, then sequentially and respectively ultrasonically cleaning for 1min by using deionized water and ethanol, and after each ultrasonic treatment, cleanly washing by using deionized water to obtain a pretreated glassy carbon electrode;
(2) Graphite powder is used as a raw material, and a Hummers improved method is adopted to prepare graphene oxide;
(3) Ultrasonically dispersing 0.2 g of graphene oxide in 20 mL of PBS (phosphate buffer solution) with pH =8 to obtain a graphene oxide suspension; placing the glassy carbon electrode pretreated in the step (1) in the dispersion liquid of the graphene oxide, taking a platinum sheet electrode as an auxiliary electrode and an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode, and scanning for 5-25 circles by using a cyclic voltammetry at a sweep rate of 50 mV/s and a voltage range of-1.4V-0V to obtain a reduced graphene oxide modified electrode;
(4) Placing the reduced graphene oxide modified electrode in 5 mmol/L HAuCl 4 In the solution, gold nanoparticles are deposited on the electrode for 300 s-700 s under-1.0 mV by using a constant current method to obtain a gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode;
(5) Taking acetic acid buffer solution as a solvent, taking nitrofurazone as a target molecule and taking o-phenylenediamine as a functional monomer to obtain a polymerization solution; and placing the gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode in the polymerization solution, taking a platinum sheet electrode as an auxiliary electrode and an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode, electropolymerizing the molecularly imprinted membrane on the electrode by using a cyclic voltammetry method, and taking out and washing the electrode for later use.
(6) And (5) eluting the modified electrode obtained in the step (5) in a prepared methanol and acetic acid mixed solution for 15-30 min to prepare a molecularly imprinted membrane/gold nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode, namely the sensor for detecting nitrofurazone.
Further, in the step (5), the molar ratio of furacilin to o-phenylenediamine is as follows: 1; the cyclic voltammetry parameters in the step (5) are as follows: the scan voltage range is: 0V-0.8V, the scanning speed is 50 mV/s, and the number of scanning circles is 15 circles; the elution conditions in the step (6) are as follows: v Methanol : V Acetic Acid (AA) =8:2。
The method for detecting furacilin in food by using the electrochemical sensor based on the molecular imprinting membrane comprises the following steps:
a. preparing furacilin water solutions with different concentrations by using deionized water;
b. placing the molecularly imprinted membrane modified electrode in furacilin water solution for adsorption for 20 min;
c. adopting the adsorbed electrode as a working electrode, a platinum sheet electrode as an auxiliary electrode and an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode to form a three-electrode system, and placing the system in 2.5 mmol/L potassium ferricyanide solution;
d. is made of [ Fe (CN) 6 ] 3-/4- As an oxidation-reduction probe, obtaining corresponding current values after adsorbing nitrofurazone with different concentrations by using a differential pulse voltammetry method, and taking a peak current difference value as a vertical coordinate and a concentration as a horizontal coordinate to make a standard curve;
e. and (3) placing the molecularly imprinted membrane modified electrode in a furacilin water solution with unknown concentration for adsorption, forming a three-electrode system, placing the three-electrode system in a potassium ferricyanide solution for detection to obtain a corresponding current value, and obtaining the concentration of the furacilin according to a standard curve.
Further, the electrochemical parameters of the differential pulse voltammetry are as follows: the scanning potential range is: -0.2V-0.6V, scan rate 100 mV/s.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that the molecular imprinting film is formed through electropolymerization, the sensor is prepared on the surfaces of the graphene and gold nanoparticle modified electrodes, and due to the signal amplification effect of the graphene and gold nanoparticles and the high selectivity of the molecular imprinting film, the method for detecting the harmful substance furacilin with high selectivity of the molecular imprinting electrochemical sensor is provided. Compared with other methods for detecting nitrofurazone, the sensor prepared by the invention is used for detecting nitrofurazone, and has the advantages of simple equipment, convenience in operation, good selectivity and high sensitivity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of a molecularly imprinted membrane modified electrode;
fig. 2 is a cyclic voltammogram of different modified electrodes, (a) a bare glassy carbon electrode, (b) a reduced graphene oxide modified electrode, (c) a gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode, (d) a molecularly imprinted membrane/gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode (before elution), (e) a molecularly imprinted membrane/gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode (after elution), (f) a molecularly imprinted membrane/gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode (after adsorption);
fig. 3 is a differential pulse voltammogram of different modified electrodes, (a) a bare glassy carbon electrode, (b) a reduced graphene oxide modified electrode, (c) a gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode, (d) a molecularly imprinted membrane/gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode (before elution), (e) a molecularly imprinted membrane/gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode (after elution), (f) a molecularly imprinted membrane/gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode (after adsorption);
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the detection performance of a sensor on nitrofurazone;
FIG. 5 is a standard curve of sensor response signal versus nitrofurazone concentration.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to assist the person skilled in the art in understanding the invention in detail, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1
The preparation steps of the gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide-based molecular imprinting sensor are shown in fig. 1.
(1) Pretreating a glassy carbon electrode: polishing the glassy carbon electrode on a chamois leather to a mirror surface by using 0.50 and 0.05 mu m of alumina powder, then respectively ultrasonically cleaning for 1min by using deionized water and ethanol in sequence, and cleanly washing by using deionized water after each ultrasonic treatment to obtain a pretreated glassy carbon electrode;
(2) Graphite powder is used as a raw material, and a Hummers improved method is adopted to prepare graphene oxide;
(3) Ultrasonically dispersing 0.2 g of graphene oxide in 20 mL of PBS (phosphate buffer solution) with pH (= 8) to obtain a graphene oxide suspension; placing the glassy carbon electrode pretreated in the step (1) in the dispersion liquid of the graphene oxide, taking a platinum sheet electrode as an auxiliary electrode and an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode, and scanning for 15 circles by using a cyclic voltammetry at a sweep rate of 50 mV/s and a voltage range of-1.4V-0V to obtain a reduced graphene oxide modified electrode;
(4) Placing the reduced graphene oxide modified electrode in 5 mmol/L HAuCl 4 In the solution, gold nanoparticles are deposited on an electrode for 300 s under the condition of-1.0 mV deposition by a constant current method to obtain the gold nanoparticlesA sub/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode;
(5) Taking acetic acid buffer solution as a solvent, taking nitrofurazone as a target molecule and taking o-phenylenediamine as a functional monomer to obtain a polymerization solution; placing the gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode in the polymerization solution, electropolymerizing the molecularly imprinted membrane on the electrode by using a cyclic voltammetry, and taking out and washing the electrode for later use;
(6) And (5) eluting the modified electrode obtained in the step (5) in a prepared methanol and acetic acid mixed solution for 20 min to prepare a molecularly imprinted membrane/gold nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode, namely the sensor for detecting nitrofurazone.
Example 2
And (3) preparing a sensor based on a gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide molecular imprinting film.
(1) Pretreating a glassy carbon electrode: polishing the glassy carbon electrode on a chamois leather to a mirror surface by using 0.50 and 0.05 mu m of alumina powder, then respectively ultrasonically cleaning for 1min by using deionized water and ethanol in sequence, and cleanly washing by using deionized water after each ultrasonic treatment to obtain a pretreated glassy carbon electrode;
(2) Graphite powder is used as a raw material, and a Hummers improved method is adopted to prepare graphene oxide;
(3) Ultrasonically dispersing 0.2 g of graphene oxide in 20 mL of PBS (phosphate buffer solution) with pH (= 8) to obtain a graphene oxide suspension; placing the glassy carbon electrode pretreated in the step (1) in the dispersion liquid of the graphene oxide, taking a platinum sheet electrode as an auxiliary electrode and an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode, and scanning for 25 circles by using a cyclic voltammetry at a sweep rate of 50 mV/s and a voltage range of-1.4V-0V to obtain a reduced graphene oxide modified electrode;
(4) Placing the reduced graphene oxide modified electrode in 5 mmol/L HAuCl 4 In the solution, gold nanoparticles are deposited on the electrode for 700 s under the condition of-1.0 mV by using a constant current method to obtain a gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode;
(5) Taking acetic acid buffer solution as a solvent, taking nitrofurazone as a target molecule and taking o-phenylenediamine as a functional monomer to obtain a polymerization solution; placing the gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode in the polymerization solution, electropolymerizing the molecularly imprinted membrane on the electrode by using a cyclic voltammetry, and taking out and washing the electrode for later use;
(6) And (5) eluting the modified electrode obtained in the step (5) in a prepared methanol and acetic acid mixed solution for 30 min to prepare a molecularly imprinted membrane/gold nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode, namely the sensor for detecting nitrofurazone.
Example 3
And (3) preparing a sensor based on a gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide molecular imprinting film.
(1) Pretreating a glassy carbon electrode: polishing the glassy carbon electrode on a chamois leather to a mirror surface by using 0.50 and 0.05 mu m of alumina powder, then respectively ultrasonically cleaning for 1min by using deionized water and ethanol in sequence, and cleanly washing by using deionized water after each ultrasonic treatment to obtain a pretreated glassy carbon electrode;
(2) Preparing graphene oxide by using graphite powder as a raw material and adopting a Hummers improved method;
(3) Ultrasonically dispersing 0.2 g of graphene oxide in 20 mL of PBS (phosphate buffer solution) with pH =8 to obtain a graphene oxide suspension; placing the glassy carbon electrode pretreated in the step (1) in the dispersion liquid of the graphene oxide, taking a platinum sheet electrode as an auxiliary electrode and an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode, and scanning for 20 circles by using a cyclic voltammetry at a sweep rate of 50 mV/s and a voltage range of-1.4V-0V to obtain a reduced graphene oxide modified electrode;
(4) Placing the reduced graphene oxide modified electrode in 5 mmol/L HAuCl 4 In the solution, gold nanoparticles are deposited on the electrode for 500 s under the condition of-1.0 mV deposition by a constant current method to obtain a gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode;
(5) Taking acetic acid buffer solution as a solvent, taking nitrofurazone as a target molecule and taking o-phenylenediamine as a functional monomer to obtain a polymerization solution; placing the gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode in the polymerization solution, electropolymerizing the molecularly imprinted membrane on the electrode by using a cyclic voltammetry, and taking out and washing the electrode for later use;
(6) And (5) eluting the modified electrode obtained in the step (5) in a prepared methanol and acetic acid mixed solution for 25 min to prepare a molecularly imprinted membrane/gold nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode, namely the sensor for detecting nitrofurazone.
Example 4
The sensor obtained in example 3 was used for electrochemical tests:
(1) Cyclic voltammetric testing of the sensor.
Before eluting the molecularly imprinted membrane modified electrode, after eluting the molecularly imprinted membrane modified electrode and after adsorbing the molecularly imprinted membrane modified electrode in furacilin solution, respectively, using the molecularly imprinted membrane modified electrode as a working electrode, using a platinum sheet electrode as an auxiliary electrode, using an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode to form a three-electrode system, placing the system in 2.5 mmol/L potassium ferricyanide solution for cyclic voltammetry scanning, wherein the scanning parameters are as follows: the voltage range is-0.1V-0.6V, and the sweep rate is 50 mV/s. The cyclic voltammogram is shown in FIG. 2, and as can be seen from FIG. 2, before the elution of the molecularly imprinted membrane, the molecularly imprinted membrane occupies the surface of the electrode, so that the electron transfer between the redox probe and the electrode is blocked; after the molecularly imprinted membrane is eluted, the peak current signal of potassium ferricyanide is obviously increased, and because the template molecule nitrofurin in the molecularly imprinted membrane is eluted, a specific identification hole is left, so that the electronic exchange becomes easy; after the eluted molecularly imprinted membrane modified electrode is immersed in furacilin solution, part of specific holes are combined with furacilin to be occupied, so that electron transfer is hindered, and the peak current is reduced.
(2) Differential pulse voltammetric testing of the sensor:
a three-electrode system is formed by taking a molecularly imprinted membrane modified electrode as a working electrode, a platinum sheet electrode as an auxiliary electrode and an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode, the system is placed in 2.5 mmol/L potassium ferricyanide solution for differential pulse voltammetry scanning, and the scanning parameters are as follows: the scanning potential range is: -0.2V-0.6V, scan rate 100 mV/s. Placing the eluted molecularly imprinted membrane modified electrode in a potassium ferricyanide solution, and scanning to obtain a blank current I0; then the electrode is placed in furacilin solution with certain concentration for adsorption, and then scanning is carried out to obtain current I, and the response current of the sensor isΔI=I-I 0 The measured results are shown in the figure3. Fig. 4 and 5. The linear range of furacilin is measured to be 5-1000 nmol/L, the detection limit is 0.18 nmol/L, and the sensor is placed in an environment at 4 ℃ for two weeks, and the response current value of the sensor is about 94.78% of the original signal.
Claims (7)
1. The method is characterized in that a molecularly imprinted membrane modified electrode is used as a working electrode, a platinum sheet electrode is used as an auxiliary electrode, and an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode to form a three-electrode system for high-selectivity rapid detection of nitrofurazone.
2. The method for detecting nitrofurazone based on the molecular imprinting sensor according to claim 1, wherein the method for constructing the molecular imprinting sensor comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreating a glassy carbon electrode: polishing the glassy carbon electrode on a chamois leather by using 0.50-0.05-micron aluminum oxide powder to a mirror surface, then sequentially and respectively ultrasonically cleaning for 1min by using deionized water and ethanol, and after each ultrasonic treatment, cleanly washing by using deionized water to obtain a pretreated glassy carbon electrode;
(2) Preparing graphene oxide by using graphite powder as a raw material and adopting a Hummers improved method;
(3) Ultrasonically dispersing 0.2 g of graphene oxide in 20 mL of PBS (phosphate buffer solution) with pH (= 8) to obtain a graphene oxide suspension; placing the glassy carbon electrode pretreated in the step (1) in the dispersion liquid of the graphene oxide, taking a platinum sheet electrode as an auxiliary electrode and an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode, and scanning for 5-25 circles by using a cyclic voltammetry at a sweep rate of 50 mV/s and a voltage range of-1.4V-0V to obtain a reduced graphene oxide modified electrode;
(4) Placing the reduced graphene oxide modified electrode in 5.0 mmol/L HAuCl 4 In the solution, gold nanoparticles are deposited on the electrode for 300 s-700 s under-1.0 mV by using a constant current method to obtain a gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode;
(5) Taking acetic acid buffer solution as a solvent, taking nitrofurazone as a target molecule and taking o-phenylenediamine as a functional monomer to obtain a polymerization solution; placing the gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode in the polymerization solution, electropolymerizing the molecularly imprinted membrane on the electrode by using a cyclic voltammetry, and taking out and washing the electrode for later use;
(6) And (5) eluting the modified electrode in the prepared methanol and acetic acid mixed solution for 15-30 min to prepare a molecularly imprinted membrane/gold nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode, namely the sensor for detecting furacilin.
3. The method for detecting nitrofurazone based on the molecular imprinting sensor according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the molar ratio of nitrofurazone to o-phenylenediamine in the step (5) is as follows: 1:6.
4. The method for detecting nitrofurazone based on the molecular imprinting sensor according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the cyclic voltammetry parameters in the step (5) are as follows: the scan voltage range is: 0V to 0.8V, the scanning speed is 50 mV/s, and the number of scanning turns is 15 circles.
5. The method for detecting nitrofurazone based on the molecular imprinting sensor according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the elution conditions in the step (6) are as follows: v Methanol : V Acetic acid =8:2。
6. The method for detecting nitrofurazone based on the molecular imprinting sensor according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the step of detecting nitrofurazone by the sensor comprises the following steps:
a. preparing furacilin water solutions with different concentrations by using deionized water;
b. placing the molecularly imprinted membrane modified electrode in furacilin water solution for adsorption for 20 min;
c. adopting the adsorbed electrode as a working electrode, a platinum sheet electrode as an auxiliary electrode and an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode to form a three-electrode system, and placing the system in 2.5 mmol/L potassium ferricyanide solution;
d. using [ Fe (CN) 6 ] 3-/4- As oxidation-reductionThe probe is used for obtaining corresponding current values after furacilin with different concentrations is adsorbed by using a differential pulse voltammetry, and a standard curve is drawn by taking a peak current difference value (the difference between the current value after elution and the current value after adsorption) as a ordinate and taking the concentration as an abscissa;
e. and (3) placing the molecularly imprinted membrane modified electrode in a furacilin water solution with unknown concentration for adsorption, forming a three-electrode system, placing the three-electrode system in a potassium ferricyanide solution for detection to obtain a corresponding current value, and obtaining the concentration of the furacilin according to a standard curve.
7. The method for detecting nitrofurazone based on the molecular imprinting sensor, according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the electrochemical parameters of the differential pulse voltammetry are as follows: the scanning potential range is: -0.2V-0.6V, scan rate 100 mV/s.
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