CN115615847A - Method for testing dynamic shear deformation and failure of metal material - Google Patents
Method for testing dynamic shear deformation and failure of metal material Download PDFInfo
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- CN115615847A CN115615847A CN202211411385.1A CN202211411385A CN115615847A CN 115615847 A CN115615847 A CN 115615847A CN 202211411385 A CN202211411385 A CN 202211411385A CN 115615847 A CN115615847 A CN 115615847A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing dynamic shear deformation and failure of a metal material, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing a notched double-shearing sample; s2, carrying out static and dynamic shearing loading on the notched double-shearing test sample to realize different strain rate conditions; and S3, performing multiple experiments under the condition of strain rate to obtain a recovered sample, and obtaining the shear deformation characteristic and the failure characteristic of the metal material under the condition of strain rate based on the recovered sample. The invention can lead the shear zone to be closer to a pure shear stress state, lead the failure point to be more concentrated in the central area of the shear zone and lead the failure mode to be closer to pure shear failure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material dynamic mechanics experiments, in particular to a method for testing dynamic shear deformation and failure of a metal material.
Background
Engineering materials and structures are often subjected to strong impact loads such as explosion, collision and the like in the service process, so that the engineering materials and structures are in a shear-dominant stress state and are subjected to shear deformation and failure. Therefore, the research on the shear deformation and failure behavior of the metal material under high strain rate is of great significance to the safe design and evaluation of engineering structures.
Research shows that in addition to factors such as strain rate and temperature, the stress state has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the metal material. The stress state of any point in a material can be generally characterized by three-axis values of stress. How to realize the controllability of the triaxial degree of the stress under the experimental conditions so as to research the influence of the stress state on the material characteristics becomes a leading topic and research hotspot.
At present, people often use a sheet type cap-shaped sample, a closed flat plate sample and a novel double-shearing sample to research the shearing behavior of materials in the deformation and failure processes. However, both of the first two protocols have certain limitations. The stress state in the shearing area of the sheet-type hat-shaped sample is complex and is distributed unevenly; the internal stress state of the closed flat plate sample shearing area is complex, but the distribution is uniform. In contrast, the shear zone of the double shear specimen is closest to the pure shear stress state.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for testing dynamic shear deformation and failure of a metal material, which improves a notched double-shear sample, a notch is arranged in a shear area, and the shearing characteristic and the failure characteristic of the metal material under a wide strain rate can be systematically researched by means of a Hopkinson pressure bar experimental device (SHPB) and a scanning electron microscope (TEM); the shear zone is closer to a pure shear stress state, failure points are more concentrated in the central area of the shear zone, and a failure mode is closer to pure shear failure.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a method for testing dynamic shear deformation and failure of a metal material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a notched double-shearing sample;
s2, carrying out static and dynamic shearing loading on the notched double-shearing test sample to realize different strain rate conditions;
and S3, performing multiple experiments under the condition of the strain rate to obtain a recovered sample, and obtaining the shear deformation characteristic and the failure characteristic of the metal material under the condition of the strain rate based on the recovered sample.
Optionally, the S1 includes:
and polishing the side surface and the end part of the notched double-shear test sample to ensure that the notched double-shear test sample can be attached to an incident rod and a transmission rod of the MTS material testing machine and the SHPB device.
Optionally, the static and dynamic shear loading comprises:
MTS material testing machine is adopted in quasi-static experiment, and SHPB device is adopted in dynamic experiment; and different strain rate conditions are realized by changing the displacement speed of an experimental chuck of the MTS material testing machine and the size of the loading air pressure of the SHPB device.
Optionally, the S3 includes:
performing a plurality of experiments under the condition of the strain rate to obtain the recovered sample;
and analyzing the fracture morphology of the recovered sample by adopting a scanning electron microscope, and comparing an experimental result with a simulation result to obtain the shear deformation characteristic and the failure characteristic of the metal material under the condition of the strain rate.
Optionally, the middle of the notched double-shearing test sample contains two symmetrical rectangular shearing areas, and the side surfaces of the rectangular shearing areas are set to be semi-circular arc-shaped grooves.
Optionally, the overall width, height and thickness of the notched double-sheared sample are 18mm, 12mm and 4mm, the width and height of a top protrusion of the notched double-sheared sample are 5mm and 3mm, and the width and height of a bottom recess of the notched double-sheared sample are 9mm and 5mm respectively;
the width of the rectangular shearing area is 2mm, the height of the rectangular shearing area is 4mm, and the thickness of the rectangular shearing area is 1mm;
the semi-circular arc-shaped groove penetrates through the rectangular shearing area, and the radius of the semi-circular arc-shaped groove is 1mm.
Optionally, the shear stress and the shear strain of the rectangular shearing region are calculated by the following formula:
wherein tau (t) is the shear stress of the shear zone of the sample; f input Is the force at the incident rod/sample interface; f output Is the force at the transmission rod/specimen interface; a. The s The cross section area of the sample shearing area is shown; gamma (t) is the shear strain of the shear zone of the sample; u shape input Displacement at the incident rod/sample interface; u shape output Is the displacement at the transmission rod/sample interface; l is the length of the sheared area of the sample.
Optionally, the obtaining process of the simulation result is:
and constructing a three-dimensional finite element model by using ABAQUS finite element software, and carrying out numerical simulation on the dynamic loading process of the notched double-shear test sample to obtain the simulation result.
Optionally, the three-dimensional finite element model comprises an incident rod, the notched double shear specimen and a transmission rod;
the length of the incident rod and the length of the transmission rod are 1000mm, the diameter of the incident rod and the diameter of the transmission rod are 19mm, and a hexahedron reduction integral unit is adopted;
the notched double shear test sample adopts a temperature displacement coupling unit.
The invention has the following technical effects:
the invention can enable the shear zone to be closer to a pure shear stress state, the failure points are more concentrated in the central area of the shear zone, and the failure mode is closer to pure shear failure.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a method for dynamic shear deformation and failure testing of a metallic material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the geometry of a notched double shear specimen in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an SHPB apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a simulation process assembly diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a grid division view of a notched double shear specimen in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a strain cloud of a notched double shear specimen in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of three axial variations of stress in quasi-static conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a typical fracture morphology of a sample under dynamic loading in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of exemplary experimental and simulated force-displacement curves according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention discloses a method for dynamic shear deformation and failure test of metal material, comprising:
s1, preparing a notched double-shearing sample;
and polishing the side surface and the end part of the notched double-shearing sample to ensure that the notched double-shearing sample can be attached to an incident rod and a transmission rod of an MTS material testing machine and an SHPB device.
The middle part of the original notched double-shearing test sample is provided with two symmetrical rectangular shearing areas. In order to realize pure shear deformation failure and make failure points more concentrated in the central area of the rectangular shear area, the invention designs the side surface of the rectangular shear area into a semi-circular arc-shaped groove so as to make plastic deformation more concentrated, thereby achieving the effect of shear failure. Referring to fig. 2, a and b are respectively a front view and a top view of a notched double-sheared sample according to the present invention, the notched double-sheared sample has a symmetrical left and right center, an overall width of 18mm, a height of 12mm, and a thickness of 4mm. The width of a convex part at the top of the notched double-shearing test sample is 5mm, and the height of the convex part is 3mm; the width of the bottom concave part is 9mm, and the height is 5mm; the middle part of the notched double-shearing test sample comprises two symmetrical rectangular shearing areas, the width of the rectangular shearing areas is 2mm, the height of the rectangular shearing areas is 4mm, and the thickness of the rectangular shearing areas is 1mm. The loading end and the supporting end can be in direct contact with the MTS material testing machine and the SHPB device. The side surface of the rectangular shearing area is provided with semi-arc grooves which are opposite in position, same in shape and penetrate the length of the rectangular shearing area, and the semi-arc radius is 1mm.
The notched double-shear test sample provided by the invention is conveniently used for loading SHPB (split shear bar), so that the deformation and failure behaviors of the material in an impact load and shear state are analyzed.
S2, carrying out static and dynamic shearing loading on the notched double-shearing test sample to realize different strain rate conditions;
MTS material testing machine is adopted in the quasi-static experiment, the SHPB device is adopted in the dynamic experiment, and different strain rate conditions are realized by changing the displacement speed of the experiment chuck of the MTS material testing machine and the loading air pressure of the SHPB device. As shown in fig. 3, according to the one-dimensional elastic stress wave theory, the SHPB apparatus can calculate the force and displacement at the rod/sample interface from the strain gauge signal, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, F input Is the force at the incident rod/sample interface; f output Is the force at the transmission rod/specimen interface; u shape input Is the displacement at the incident rod/sample interface; u shape output Is the displacement at the transmission rod/sample interface; a is the cross-sectional area of the incident/transmission rod; e 0 Is the modulus of elasticity of the incident rod; e 1 Is the modulus of elasticity of the transmission rod; epsilon i (t) is the incident strain; epsilon r (t) is the reflection strain; epsilon t (t) is the transmission strain; c 0 Is the wave velocity of the incident rod; c 1 Is the wave velocity of the transmission rod.
The calculation formula of the shear stress and the shear strain of the rectangular shearing area of the notched double-sheared sample is as follows:
wherein tau (t) is the shear stress of the shear zone of the sample; a. The s The cross section area of the sample shearing area is shown; gamma (t) is the shear strain of the shear zone of the sample; l is the length of the sheared area of the sample.
S3, performing multiple experiments under the condition of strain rate to obtain a recovered sample, performing fracture morphology analysis on the recovered sample by adopting a scanning electron microscope, and comparing an experiment result with a simulation result to obtain the shearing deformation characteristic and the failure characteristic of the metal material under the condition of strain rate;
and (3) constructing a three-dimensional finite element model by using ABAQUS finite element software, and carrying out numerical simulation on the dynamic loading process of the notched double-shear test sample to obtain a simulation result. The three-dimensional finite element model comprises an incident rod, a notch double-shearing sample and a transmission rod; the length of the incident rod and the length of the transmission rod are 1000mm, the diameter of the incident rod and the diameter of the transmission rod are 19mm, and a hexahedron reduction integration unit is adopted; the notched dual shear test specimen employs a temperature displacement coupling unit to better simulate temperature rise in a rectangular shear zone during dynamic loading, and the simulation process is assembled as shown in fig. 4. The rectangular shearing area is a sensitive area with local deformation, in order to better simulate the temperature rise and stress strain field in the shearing area of the notched double-shearing sample, the grid division in the area needs to be finer, and meanwhile, in order to reduce the calculation cost, gradient grids with different thicknesses are adopted, and the grid division is shown in fig. 5.
Material model: in numerical simulation, since the incident rod and the transmission rod do not undergo plastic deformation, both can be defined as an elastic material. In order to accurately simulate the shear deformation process of the notched double-shear sample in an experiment, the notched double-shear sample material adopts a Johnson-Cook (J-C) thermal bonding plasticity constitutive model to reflect the strain rate and the temperature effect of the material in the deformation process. The Johnson-Cook (J-C) thermoplasticity constitutive model is in the following form:
wherein A, B, C, n and m are the material constants; epsilon is the plastic strain of the steel,
is a dimensionless plastic strain rate; t = (T-Tr)/(Tm-Tr) is the homogenization temperature, T is the absolute temperature, tr is the reference temperature (typically room temperature), and Tm is the material melting point temperature. The parameters of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy material are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
| A(MPa) | B(Mpa) | n | C | m |
| 891.5 | 630.3 | 0.547 | 0.034 | 0.9432 |
In the numerical simulation, the incident pulse signal obtained by the plurality of experiments performed in S3 may be directly applied to one end of the incident rod to reduce the amount of calculation. In the experiment, the end of the incident rod that was in contact with the sample was far from the sample after the first compressive stress pulse because the stress inversion technique prevented reloading of the sample. Thus, the notched double shear specimen is always subjected to a single stress pulse to facilitate recovery and fracture analysis. The effectiveness and the accuracy of the experiment and the simulation are verified through the consistency of a force-displacement curve and a stress-strain curve obtained through multiple experiments and numerical simulation. From the simulation results, fig. 6 notes that the fracture initiation location is located at the center of the face of the sheared area, and the stress state at this location is close to pure shear, verifying the failure mode of pure shear. The pure shear failure stress state of the shear zone of the notched double-shear test piece is verified by extracting the change of the stress triaxial degree of the shear zone in the deformation process through numerical simulation (figure 7). In addition, the fracture behavior of the shear zone of the notched double-shear test sample in the simulation result and the fracture morphology observed by SEM can be combined, and further the fracture and failure behaviors are analyzed. The port topography under dynamic shear loading, river patterns and parabolic dimples, as obtained in fig. 8, indicate that the thermal softening and adiabatic shear bands play a dominant role in the failure process. The shear fracture strain of the material was determined by taking the dip point of the experimentally obtained force-displacement or stress-strain curve as the fracture initiation time (fig. 9), at which the fracture initiation location was located on the cell with the greatest equivalent plastic strain. And further providing a fracture model related to the fracture strain according to the more accurate shear failure fracture strain, so that the shape of the fracture obtained by the experiment and the simulation is more consistent, and the shear failure behavior is more accurately predicted.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A method for testing dynamic shear deformation and failure of a metal material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a notched double-shearing sample;
s2, carrying out static and dynamic shearing loading on the notched double-shearing test sample to realize different strain rate conditions;
and S3, performing multiple experiments under the condition of the strain rate to obtain a recovered sample, and obtaining the shear deformation characteristic and the failure characteristic of the metal material under the condition of the strain rate based on the recovered sample.
2. The method for dynamic shear deformation and failure testing of metallic materials of claim 1, wherein S1 comprises:
and polishing the side surface and the end part of the notched double-shear test sample to ensure that the notched double-shear test sample can be attached to an incident rod and a transmission rod of the MTS material testing machine and the SHPB device.
3. The method for dynamic shear deformation and failure testing of metallic materials of claim 1, wherein the static and dynamic shear loading comprises:
MTS material testing machine is adopted in quasi-static experiment, and SHPB device is adopted in dynamic experiment; and different strain rate conditions are realized by changing the displacement speed of an experimental chuck of the MTS material testing machine and the size of the loading air pressure of the SHPB device.
4. The method for dynamic shear deformation and failure testing of metallic materials of claim 1, wherein said S3 comprises:
performing a plurality of experiments under the condition of the strain rate to obtain the recovered sample;
and analyzing the fracture morphology of the recovered sample by adopting a scanning electron microscope, and comparing an experimental result with a simulation result to obtain the shear deformation characteristic and the failure characteristic of the metal material under the condition of the strain rate.
5. The method for dynamic shear deformation and failure testing of metallic materials of claim 1,
the middle part of the notched double-shearing test sample contains two symmetrical rectangular shearing areas, and the side surfaces of the rectangular shearing areas are arranged into semi-circular arc-shaped grooves.
6. The method for dynamic shear deformation and failure testing of metallic materials of claim 5,
the whole width, the height and the thickness of the notched double-shearing sample are 18mm, 12mm and 4mm respectively, the width and the height of a top bulge of the notched double-shearing sample are 5mm and 3mm respectively, and the width and the height of a bottom depression of the notched double-shearing sample are 9mm and 5mm respectively;
the width of the rectangular shearing area is 2mm, the height of the rectangular shearing area is 4mm, and the thickness of the rectangular shearing area is 1mm;
the semi-circular arc-shaped groove penetrates through the rectangular shearing area, and the radius of the semi-circular arc-shaped groove is 1mm.
7. The method for dynamic shear deformation and failure testing of metallic materials of claim 5, wherein the shear stress and shear strain of the rectangular shear zone are calculated by the formula:
wherein tau (t) is the shear stress of the shear zone of the sample; f input Is the force at the incident rod/sample interface; f output Is the force at the transmission rod/specimen interface; a. The s The cross section area of the sample shearing area is shown; gamma (t) is the shear strain of the shear zone of the sample; u shape input Displacement at the incident rod/sample interface; u shape output Is the displacement at the transmission rod/sample interface; l is the length of the sheared area of the sample.
8. The method for the dynamic shear deformation and failure test of the metal material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the obtaining process of the simulation result is as follows:
and constructing a three-dimensional finite element model by using ABAQUS finite element software, and carrying out numerical simulation on the dynamic loading process of the notched double-shear test sample to obtain the simulation result.
9. The method for dynamic shear deformation and failure testing of metallic materials of claim 8,
the three-dimensional finite element model comprises an incident rod, the notch double-shearing sample and a transmission rod;
the length of the incident rod and the length of the transmission rod are 1000mm, the diameter of the incident rod and the diameter of the transmission rod are 19mm, and a hexahedron reduction integral unit is adopted;
the notched double shear test sample adopts a temperature displacement coupling unit.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116929959A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-10-24 | 北京机械工业自动化研究所有限公司 | Device and method for measuring shearing behavior of material at ultrahigh strain rate |
| CN117433990A (en) * | 2023-12-18 | 2024-01-23 | 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 | Method, system and equipment for determining interlayer shear strength of composite material laminated plate |
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2022
- 2022-11-11 CN CN202211411385.1A patent/CN115615847A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116929959A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-10-24 | 北京机械工业自动化研究所有限公司 | Device and method for measuring shearing behavior of material at ultrahigh strain rate |
| CN117433990A (en) * | 2023-12-18 | 2024-01-23 | 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 | Method, system and equipment for determining interlayer shear strength of composite material laminated plate |
| CN117433990B (en) * | 2023-12-18 | 2024-02-23 | 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 | Method, system and equipment for determining interlayer shear strength of composite material laminated plate |
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