CN115615826A - Tensile-shear coupling test device and test method for test piece - Google Patents
Tensile-shear coupling test device and test method for test piece Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
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- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
A tension-shear coupling test device and a test method for a test piece belong to the technical field of structural strength detection. The device can realize independent tension loading and shear loading, can also realize tension-shear coupling loading with any load ratio, and can also realize high-low cycle composite fatigue loading. Clamping device is used for the upper and lower both ends of centre gripping testpieces, the clamping device upper end is connected with vertical actuator through upper end anchor clamps, vertical actuator is applyed from vertical direction to the testpieces and is cut the load, clamping device is connected with horizontal actuator through lower extreme anchor clamps, horizontal actuator applys from the horizontal direction to the testpieces and draws and cut the load, the clamping device lower extreme passes through lower extreme anchor clamps to be installed on bottom fixing mechanism to the left and right sides symmetry at upper end anchor clamps installs fixed establishment. The invention skillfully combines tensile test and shearing test, and solves the problem that a test piece is short in size and difficult to clamp aiming at a thick plate test piece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of structural strength detection, and particularly relates to a tensile-shear coupling testing device and a tensile-shear coupling testing method for a test piece.
Background
The composite material is widely applied to the industrial fields of aerospace and the like due to the characteristics of light weight and high strength, and a plurality of important composite material structural parts bear the action of external multi-axis load in the working process, wherein the coupling action of tensile load and shear load of the material in the real service process is common. Therefore, it is necessary to develop experimental studies on the relevant materials under the tension-shear coupling condition. At present, in the field of composite material testing, the testing tests of single tensile load and shearing load are more, and due to the complexity of clamp tools and sample design, the tensile-shearing coupling test has less related tests under the tensile-shearing coupling working condition, and the main problem of more application at present is that an arc clamp is adopted. The Arcan clamp is arranged on a traditional uniaxial tension universal testing machine, and the axial tension load of the testing machine is decomposed into the tension load and the shear load of a test piece through different installation angles of the clamp, so that tension-shear coupling loading is realized.
The conventional tension-shear coupling clamp still has many defects and shortcomings:
(1) Because the Arcan clamp is installed on a uniaxial tensile testing machine, tensile load and shearing load are obtained by conversion according to axial load, and can only be loaded while tensile shearing is carried out, however, part of structural members possibly firstly bear the action of the tensile load in the service process and then bear the action of the shearing load, and the tensile shearing load of a test piece cannot be sequentially loaded by the existing Arcan clamp.
(2) The material is possibly affected by high-low cycle composite fatigue in real service engineering, different loading frequencies of tensile load and shear load are required to be given in the fatigue test process, however, the loading frequencies of the tensile load and the shear load are completely the same in the fatigue test process of the arc clamp, and the different loading frequencies of the tensile load and the shear load cannot be realized.
(3) Most of the tension-shear coupling clamps cannot realize axial high-tonnage tension loading due to the limitation of the clamps.
(4) For the thick plate test piece, the length of the test piece is short, the thickness of the test piece is large, the clamping of the test piece is always a big difficulty of the test, and the phenomenon of pull-off easily occurs in the test.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the existing technical problems, and further provides a tension-shear coupling test device and a test method suitable for thick plate test pieces, which can realize independent tension loading and shear loading, can realize tension-shear coupling loading with any load ratio, and can realize high-low cycle composite fatigue loading.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a pull-shear coupling test device for a test piece comprises an upper end clamp positioned at the upper end, two fixing mechanisms positioned at the left side and the right side, a clamping device positioned in the middle, a lower end clamp positioned at the lower end and a bottom end fixing mechanism; clamping device is used for the upper and lower both ends of centre gripping testpieces, and the clamping device upper end is connected with vertical actuator through upper end anchor clamps, and vertical actuator is applyed to the testpieces from vertical direction and is pulled and cut the load, and clamping device is connected with horizontal actuator through lower extreme anchor clamps, and horizontal actuator applys to the testpieces from the horizontal direction and pulls and cut the load, and the clamping device lower extreme passes through lower extreme anchor clamps to be installed on bottom mounting mechanism to fixed establishment is installed to the left and right sides symmetry at upper end anchor clamps.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention skillfully combines tensile and shearing tests, solves the problem that a test piece is short in size and difficult to clamp aiming at a thick plate test piece, simultaneously realizes high load loading on the test piece and avoids the pulling-off phenomenon in mechanical clamping, can realize independent tensile loading and shearing loading, can also realize the pulling-shearing coupling loading with any load ratio, can also realize high and low cycle composite fatigue loading, realizes the mechanical property test of the test piece under a complex load working condition, can well realize the pulling-shearing coupling effect, supports larger load, has smaller test error, is simple in integral device, is simple in installation and disassembly, is beneficial to cost control, is convenient to operate, is stable and reliable, and has higher test precision and test efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the securing mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the upper end clamp of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the clamping assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the lower clamp structure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the bottom end fixing mechanism of the present invention;
wherein: 1. a test piece; 2. a fixing mechanism; 3. an upper end clamp; 4. a clamping device; 5. a lower end clamp; 6. a bottom end fixing mechanism; 21. a bearing column; 22. a sliding sleeve; 23. a lateral adapter plate; 24. an outer hexagon bolt; 25. an inner hexagon bolt; 31. the upper end is connected with a shaft; 32. a T-shaped clamp; 33. an upper cover of the clamp; 34. an upper side bolt; 35. an inner bolt hole; 41. a pin; 42. a trapezoidal clamping block; 51. a lateral transfer shaft; 52. a rectangular clamp; 53. a clamp lower cover; 54. a lower bolt; 55. adapting the bolt; 61. a horizontal slider; 62. a horizontal slide rail; 63. an adapter plate; 64. a bottom bolt; 65. an internally threaded bore; 66. and a bottom end fixing plate.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the objects, structure and function of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the pull-shear coupling test device for a test piece of the present invention includes an upper end fixture 3 located at an upper end, two fixing mechanisms 2 located at left and right sides, a clamping device 4 located in the middle, and a lower end fixture 5 and a bottom end fixing mechanism 6 located at a lower end; clamping device 4 is used for the upper and lower both ends of centre gripping testpieces 1, 4 upper ends of clamping device are connected with vertical actuator through upper end anchor clamps 3, vertical actuator is from exerting to testpieces 1 in vertical direction and draws the shear load, clamping device 4 is connected with horizontal actuator through lower extreme anchor clamps 5, horizontal actuator is from exerting to testpieces 1 in the horizontal direction and draws the shear load, in addition, 4 lower extremes of clamping device are installed on bottom mounting mechanism 6 through lower extreme anchor clamps 5, and install fixing mechanism 2 at the left and right sides symmetry of upper end anchor clamps 3, prevent exerting the in-process of shearing load, upper end mechanism takes place slight deflection and causes experimental error.
The actuators are respectively arranged in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, so that the tensile load and the shear load can be simultaneously applied to the test specimen according to the stress ratio, and the tensile load and the shear load can also be sequentially applied.
The vertical actuator and the horizontal actuator have no mutual interference, and different load frequencies can be applied to the vertical actuator and the horizontal actuator in the fatigue test process, so that high-low cycle composite fatigue loading of a test piece is realized.
Wherein: as shown in fig. 3, the upper end fixture 3 is overall T-shaped, a specific transition space is left in the middle for installing the clamping device 4 of the test piece 1, and the clamping device mainly comprises two parts, namely a trapezoidal groove inclined by 80 degrees and a short horizontal straight groove, which can be matched with the surface of the trapezoidal clamping block 42, the left side and the right side of the clamping device are connected with the fixing mechanism 2 on the side edge through bolts, the top of the upper end fixture 3 is connected with the vertical direction actuator, and the vertical direction actuator can realize the overall up-down movement. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the upper end clamp 3 comprises an upper end transfer shaft 31, a T-shaped clamp 32, a clamp upper cover 33 and an upper side bolt 34; the left end face and the right end face of the T-shaped clamp 32 are provided with inner bolt holes 35, the inner bolt holes 35 are connected with lateral adapter plates 23 of fixing mechanisms 2 on the left side and the right side through the inner bolt holes 35, the middle end face of the T-shaped clamp 32 is connected with an upper end adapter shaft 31 which is vertically arranged, the upper end adapter shaft 31 is connected with a vertical actuator, the whole upper end clamp 3 can move up and down in the vertical direction under the action of the vertical actuator, the T-shaped clamp 32 is provided with a specific trapezoid-shaped groove from the bottom face to the inside for being matched with the trapezoid-shaped clamping block 42, and a horizontal straight groove is formed from the trapezoid-shaped groove to the front side face of the T-shaped clamp 32 so as to facilitate the installation of the trapezoid-shaped clamping block 42, and after the trapezoid-shaped clamping block 42 is assembled, the clamp upper cover 33 is installed on the horizontal straight groove of the T-shaped clamp 32 through an upper bolt 34.
As shown in fig. 2, the fixing mechanisms 2 on the left and right sides mainly include a bearing column 21, a sliding sleeve 22 and a lateral adapter plate 23, the bearing column 21 is fixed to the bottom fixing mechanism 6, and can realize the fixing and constraint in the lateral direction of the device, and the lateral adapter plate 23 is connected to the upper end fixture 3, so that the whole upper end mechanism can freely slide in the vertical direction, the fixing mechanisms 2 on the left and right sides are completely the same and symmetrically installed at the two ends of the upper end fixture 3, and it is ensured that the upper end mechanism can freely move along a slide in the vertical direction, and the left and right sides can constrain the movement of the upper end mechanism in the horizontal direction. The method comprises the following specific steps:
each side fixing mechanism 2 comprises a lateral adapter plate 23, two bearing columns 21, two sliding sleeves 22, a plurality of outer hexagon bolts 24 and a plurality of inner hexagon bolts 25;
every vertically bearing post 21 bottom be equipped with the external screw thread, can link to each other with bottom fixing device 66, realize fixing vertical bearing post 21, slide the suit with two sliding sleeve 22 on the bearing post 21 that corresponds, sliding sleeve 22 can follow vertical direction free movement and the horizontal direction remains fixed all the time on bearing post 21, bearing post 21 surface and sliding sleeve 22 internal surface all carry out smooth processing, reduce the frictional force size that the two contacted and produced, link to each other side direction keysets 23 and sliding sleeve 22 through outside hexagon bolt 24 simultaneously, be connected whole set of fixed establishment 2 and the T font anchor clamps 32 of upper end anchor clamps 3 through inboard hexagon bolt 25.
As the invention mainly aims at the thick plate test piece, the test piece 1 can bear larger tensile load in the test process, and the conventional mechanical clamping has the pull-off phenomenon, round holes are formed at the corresponding positions of the trapezoidal clamping block 42 and the test piece 1 and are connected through the pin 41, the position of the round hole is far away from the V-shaped opening area of the test piece 1 as much as possible, and the failure mode of the test piece 1 is prevented from generating influence.
As shown in fig. 4, the clamping device 4 includes a trapezoidal clamping block 42 and a plurality of pins 41; holes are formed in the upper end and the lower end of the test piece 1, the positions of the holes correspond to the positions of the holes formed in the trapezoidal clamping blocks 42, and the upper end and the lower end of the test piece 1 are connected with the two trapezoidal clamping blocks 42 through pins 41. The problem that the test piece 1 is pulled off in the traditional mechanical clamping process can be effectively solved, and meanwhile, the test result is not influenced.
The upper and lower trapezoidal clamping blocks 42 are symmetrically arranged according to the central position of the test piece 1, the trapezoidal inclined surfaces of the trapezoidal grooves of the upper clamp 3 and the lower clamp 5 can be perfectly matched with the trapezoidal clamping blocks 42, the contact surfaces are smoothly polished, and the friction force generated by relative sliding between the two blocks is reduced. The design of the trapezoidal clamping block 42 mainly considers the installation problem of the thick plate test piece 1 due to the length limitation, and the design of the invention can well solve the problem.
The trapezoidal clamping blocks 42 with different thicknesses can be designed according to different thicknesses of the test piece 1, and the pull-shear coupling test of the test piece 1 with different thicknesses is realized.
As shown in fig. 5, the lower end fixture 5 is square in shape, a transition space is opened in the middle position, the transition space is the same as that of the upper end fixture 3, the clamping device 4 is installed, the left side of the lower end fixture 5 is connected with the actuator in the horizontal direction, the lower end of the lower end fixture is connected with the bottom end fixing mechanism 6 through a bolt, and the whole lower end mechanism can slide freely in the horizontal direction through the horizontal actuator.
The lower end clamp 5 comprises a lateral transfer shaft 51, a rectangular clamp 52, a clamp lower cover 53, a lower side bolt 54 and a transfer bolt 55; lateral direction switching shaft 51 one end is connected with the horizontal direction actuator, and the lateral direction switching shaft 51 other end is installed on rectangle anchor clamps 52 side, the upper surface of rectangle anchor clamps 52 is opened has trapezoidal groove and horizontal straight flute the same with T font anchor clamps 32, and the trapezoidal groove symmetry of rectangle anchor clamps 52 and T font anchor clamps 32 is placed for from the trapezoidal grip block 42 of upper and lower both ends centre gripping, and install anchor clamps lower cover 53 on the horizontal straight flute of rectangle anchor clamps 52 through downside bolt 54, prevent the slippage of test piece 1 among the test process, rethread switching bolt 55 is with whole lower extreme anchor clamps 5 connection on bottom mounting mechanism 6.
As shown in fig. 6, the bottom end fixing mechanism 6 connects the lower end fixture 5 with the horizontal slide block 61 through the adapter plate 63, so that the whole lower end mechanism can move freely on two horizontal slide rails.
The bottom end fixing mechanism 6 comprises a horizontal sliding block 61, a horizontal sliding rail 62, an adapter plate 63, a bottom end bolt 64 and a bottom end fixing plate 66;
bottom end fixing plate 66 wholly carries out fixed restraint, and both ends are opened totally to have four internal thread holes 65 about bottom end fixing plate 66, connect four load posts 21 and bottom end fixing plate 66 through threaded connection, thereby make fixed establishment 2 keep fixed in the horizontal direction, and two horizontal slide rails 62 that the size is the same are installed on bottom end fixing plate 66 upper surface, and each slidable mounting has two horizontal slider 61 on every horizontal slide rail 62, adapter plate 63 is connected with four horizontal slider 61 through bottom bolt 64, and lower extreme anchor clamps 5 can be through horizontal slider 61 free movement on horizontal slide rail 62. The double horizontal sliding rails 62 and the four horizontal sliding blocks 61 are selected, so that the stress on the horizontal sliding rails 62 under tensile load can be reduced, and high load loading of the whole device in the vertical direction is realized.
A test method of a tensile-shear coupling test device of a test piece comprises the following steps:
s1, matching the upper end and the lower end of a test piece 1 with an upper trapezoidal clamping block 42 and a lower trapezoidal clamping block 42 respectively, and connecting through a pin 41;
s2, installing the whole clamping device 4 with the test piece 1 in the trapezoidal grooves of the upper end clamp 3 and the lower end clamp 5 to ensure the perfect matching of the trapezoidal surfaces of the upper end clamp and the lower end clamp, assembling the side covers of the upper clamp and the lower clamp through the upper side bolt 34 and the lower side bolt 54, and finally placing the V-shaped port test area of the test piece 4 between the upper end clamp 3 and the lower end clamp 5;
s3, starting the vertical actuator and the horizontal actuator, firstly applying a small tensile load in the vertical direction to serve as a preload for clearing mechanical gaps, and then preparing to start a formal test;
and S4, carrying out a tension-shear coupling test corresponding to the load ratio, or carrying out a tension-shear coupling test in which a tensile load and a shear load are sequentially loaded, or carrying out a fatigue test of tension-shear coupling on a test piece.
If the tensile-shear coupling test corresponding to the load ratio is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
s411, firstly measuring the size of a V-shaped opening of a test piece 1 before the test starts, and calculating the size of a horizontal load and the size of a vertical load according to a load proportion;
s412, adjusting the control mode of the vertical actuator and the horizontal actuator into force control, and loading the test piece 1 at a constant loading rate;
meanwhile, in the test process, the invention also supports dynamic strain test, acoustic emission damage detection, digital image information acquisition and other composite material multi-information flow detection, and outputs the load and displacement values of the vertical actuator and the horizontal actuator in the loading process in real time. Compared with a traditional arch clamp, the tensile and shearing coupling clamp can generate specific tensile and shearing load values and axial and horizontal displacement values in real time, however, the tensile and shearing coupling clamps such as the traditional arch clamp depend on a single-shaft testing machine, real load and displacement values in the testing process cannot be accurately output, meanwhile, the testing phenomenon obtained by the tensile and shearing coupling clamp is more convenient to observe, the load control is more accurate, and the testing efficiency is higher.
If a tensile-shear coupled fatigue test is carried out on the test piece 1, before the test is started, the load spectrums and the loading frequencies of the vertical actuator and the horizontal actuator need to be set in advance, if the loading frequencies of the vertical actuator and the horizontal actuator are the same, the tensile-shear composite fatigue test with the same frequency of the two actuators can be realized,
however, in actual working conditions, the tensile load is often large, the shear load in the horizontal direction is small, and the loads acting on the test piece 1 are different, so that the frequency of the tensile load is often small, and the frequency of the shear load in the horizontal direction is large, namely, the vertical direction is low cycle fatigue, and the horizontal direction is high cycle fatigue.
If a tension-shear coupling test for sequentially loading a tensile load and a shear load is carried out, the tension-shear coupling test of the type can realize multiple test modes, the test with three common working conditions is carried out, the test with the first working condition is a shear test under the condition of tension load holding, firstly, a vertical actuator is used for applying a tensile load in the vertical direction to a test piece 1 at a constant loading rate, when the axial tensile load reaches a preset load value, the test piece 1 is held in the tension direction, the holding can be divided into two holding modes at the moment, the holding is controlled by force and displacement respectively, the holding by the force can be realized by keeping the load in the vertical direction in the whole holding process and always unchanged by the displacement holding, the shear load in the horizontal direction is applied to the test piece 1 by a horizontal actuator at the moment until the test piece 1 fails, and the vertical actuator, the horizontal load and the displacement value are output in real time in the test process; the second working condition test is a tensile test under shear load protection, firstly, a horizontal actuator is used for applying shear load in the horizontal direction to the test piece 1 at a constant loading rate, when the shear load in the horizontal direction reaches a preset load value, the load protection is carried out in the horizontal direction, and then a vertical actuator is used for applying tensile load in the vertical direction to the test piece 1 until the test piece 1 fails; the test of third kind operating mode, for the pull shear coupling test under the cascaded loading, exert tensile load through vertical actuator earlier, later vertical direction is protected and is carried, exerts horizontal shear load through horizontal actuator, protects the actuator again and carries, exerts the tensile load of vertical direction again, so the circulation is reciprocal to the realization is to the cascaded loading of testpieces 1. Compared with the traditional tension-shear clamp, the tension-shear coupling test fixture disclosed by the invention can realize various types of tension-shear coupling tests to adapt to different tension-shear coupling working conditions, and meanwhile, the test method disclosed by the invention is simple, is simple and convenient to operate, can also adapt to larger vertical direction tensile load, and has larger advantages compared with the traditional test method.
It is to be understood that the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, and that various changes in the features and embodiments, or equivalent substitutions may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a test piece draw shear coupling testing arrangement which characterized in that: comprises an upper end clamp (3) positioned at the upper end, two fixing mechanisms (2) positioned at the left side and the right side, a clamping device (4) positioned in the middle, a lower end clamp (5) positioned at the lower end and a bottom end fixing mechanism (6); clamping device (4) are used for the upper and lower both ends of centre gripping testpieces (1), clamping device (4) upper end is connected with vertical actuator through upper end anchor clamps (3), vertical actuator applys to testpieces (1) from vertical direction and draws and cuts the load, clamping device (4) are connected with horizontal actuator through lower extreme anchor clamps (5), horizontal actuator applys to testpieces (1) from the horizontal direction and draws and cuts the load, clamping device (4) lower extreme is installed on bottom mounting mechanism (6) through lower extreme anchor clamps (5), and install fixed establishment (2) in the left and right sides symmetry of upper end anchor clamps (3).
2. The pull-shear coupling test device for the test piece according to claim 1, wherein: the upper end clamp (3) comprises an upper end adapter shaft (31), a T-shaped clamp (32), a clamp upper cover (33) and an upper side bolt (34); all leave interior bolt hole (35) on the both ends face about T font anchor clamps (32), fixed establishment (2) of the left and right sides are connected through interior bolt hole (35), the middle part terminal surface of T font anchor clamps (32) is connected with upper end switching axle (31) of vertical setting, be connected with vertical actuator through upper end switching axle (31), T font anchor clamps (32) are followed the bottom surface and are seted up the dovetail groove to inside, be used for cooperating with trapezoidal grip block (42) of clamping device (4), and set up horizontal straight flute to the leading flank of T font anchor clamps (32) from the dovetail groove, install anchor clamps upper cover (33) on the horizontal straight flute of T font anchor clamps (32) through upside bolt (34).
3. The pull-shear coupling test device for the test piece according to claim 2, wherein: each fixing mechanism (2) comprises a lateral adapter plate (23), two bearing columns (21), two sliding sleeves (22), a plurality of outer hexagon bolts (24) and a plurality of inner hexagon bolts (25); the bottom of each vertical bearing column (21) is connected with a bottom fixing device (66) of a bottom fixing mechanism (6), two sliding sleeves (22) are slidably sleeved on the corresponding bearing columns (21), the lateral adapter plate (23) is connected with the sliding sleeves (22) through outer hexagonal bolts (24), and the whole fixing mechanism (2) is connected with the upper end clamp (3) through inner hexagonal bolts (25).
4. The pull-shear coupling test device for test pieces according to claim 3, wherein: the clamping device (4) comprises a trapezoidal clamping block (42) and a plurality of pins (41); holes are formed in the upper end and the lower end of the test piece (1), the positions of the holes correspond to the positions of the holes formed in the trapezoidal clamping blocks (42), and the upper end and the lower end of the test piece (1) are connected with the two trapezoidal clamping blocks (42) through pins (41).
5. The pull-shear coupling test device for the test piece according to claim 4, wherein: the lower end clamp (5) comprises a lateral transfer shaft (51), a rectangular clamp (52), a clamp lower cover (53), a lower side bolt (54) and a transfer bolt (55); lateral transfer axle (51) one end is connected with the horizontal direction actuator, and lateral transfer axle (51) other end is installed on rectangle anchor clamps (52) side, the upper surface of rectangle anchor clamps (52) is opened has dovetail groove and the horizontal straight flute the same with T font anchor clamps (32), and the dovetail groove symmetry of rectangle anchor clamps (52) and T font anchor clamps (32) is placed for from trapezoidal grip block (42) of upper and lower both ends centre gripping, and install anchor clamps lower cover (53) on rectangle anchor clamps (52) through downside bolt (54), prevent the slippage of test piece (1) in the process of the test, rethread switching bolt (55) is with whole lower extreme anchor clamps (5) connection on bottom mounting mechanism (6).
6. The pull-shear coupling test device for the test piece according to claim 5, wherein: the bottom end fixing mechanism (6) comprises a horizontal sliding block (61), a horizontal sliding rail (62), an adapter plate (63), a bottom end bolt (64) and a bottom end fixing plate (66); two ends are opened totally and are had four internal thread holes (65) about bottom fixed plate (66), connect four load post (21) and bottom fixed plate (66) through threaded connection, and install on bottom fixed plate (66) upper surface two horizontal slide rail (62) that the size is the same, and each slidable mounting has two horizontal slider (61) on every horizontal slide rail (62), adapter plate (63) are connected with four horizontal slider (61) through bottom bolt (64), and lower extreme anchor clamps (5) are through horizontal slider (61) free movement on horizontal slide rail (62).
7. A test method using the pull-shear coupling test apparatus for a test piece according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively matching the upper end and the lower end of a test piece (1) with an upper trapezoidal clamping block and a lower trapezoidal clamping block (42) and connecting the upper end and the lower end of the test piece through a pin (41);
s2, installing the whole clamping device (4) with the test piece (1) in the trapezoidal grooves of the upper end clamp (3) and the lower end clamp (5), assembling side covers of the upper clamp and the lower clamp through an upper side bolt (34) and a lower side bolt (54), and finally placing a V-shaped opening test area of the test piece (4) between the upper end clamp (3) and the lower end clamp (5);
s3, starting the vertical actuator and the horizontal actuator, firstly applying a small tensile load in the vertical direction to serve as a preload for clearing mechanical gaps, and then preparing to start formal tests;
and S4, carrying out a tension-shear coupling test corresponding to the load ratio, or carrying out a tension-shear coupling test in which a tensile load and a shear load are sequentially loaded, or carrying out a fatigue test of tension-shear coupling on a test piece.
8. The test method of the pull-shear coupling test device for a test piece according to claim 7, characterized in that: in S4, if the pull-shear coupling test corresponding to the load ratio is performed, the method includes the following steps:
s411, firstly measuring the size of a V-shaped opening of a test piece (1) before the test is started, and calculating the size of a horizontal load and the size of a vertical load according to a load proportion;
s412, adjusting the control mode of the vertical actuator and the horizontal actuator into force control, and loading the test piece (1) at a constant loading rate;
in S4, if the fatigue test of the pull-shear coupling is carried out on the test piece (1), before the test is started, the load spectrums and the loading frequencies of the vertical actuator and the horizontal actuator are set in advance, if the load spectrums and the loading frequencies of the vertical actuator and the horizontal actuator are the same, the pull-shear composite fatigue test with the same frequency of the vertical actuator and the horizontal actuator can be realized, and if the loading frequencies of the vertical actuator and the horizontal actuator are different, the load of the high-low cycle composite fatigue of the test piece (1) can be realized by setting different load spectrums and different loading frequencies for the vertical actuator and the horizontal actuator.
9. The test method of the pull-shear coupling test device of the test piece according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step 4, if a tensile-shear coupling test in which a tensile load and a shear load are sequentially loaded is performed, a test under a first working condition is a shear test under the condition of tensile load protection, firstly, a vertical actuator is used for applying a tensile load in the vertical direction to the test piece (1) at a constant loading rate, when the axial tensile load reaches a preset load value, the tensile direction of the test piece (1) is protected, then, a horizontal actuator is used for applying a shear load in the horizontal direction to the test piece (1) until the test piece (1) fails, and the load and displacement values of the vertical actuator and the horizontal actuator are output in real time in the test process; the second working condition test is a tensile test under shear load protection, firstly, a horizontal actuator is used for applying shear load in the horizontal direction to the test piece (1) at a constant loading rate, when the shear load in the horizontal direction reaches a preset load value, the load protection is carried out in the horizontal direction, and then a vertical actuator is used for applying tensile load in the vertical direction to the test piece (1) until the test piece (1) fails; the test of third kind operating mode, for the pull shear coupling test under the cascaded loading, exert tensile load through vertical actuator earlier, later vertical direction is protected and is carried, exerts horizontal shear load through horizontal actuator, protects the actuator again and carries, exerts the tensile load of vertical direction again, so the circulation is reciprocal to the cascaded loading of realization to testpieces (1).
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| CN102830016A (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2012-12-19 | 西安科技大学 | Testing method of shear strength and shear fatigue of pavement material and testing device of such method |
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| CN111678667A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-frequency testing machine, compact tensile test fixture switching device and using method |
| CN114858575A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-08-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Fiber reinforced resin composite rod/plate pull-bend coupling loading device |
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- 2022-10-14 CN CN202211263461.9A patent/CN115615826A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102830016A (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2012-12-19 | 西安科技大学 | Testing method of shear strength and shear fatigue of pavement material and testing device of such method |
| CN203337481U (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2013-12-11 | 吉林大学 | In-situ test device for micro mechanical properties of material in stretching-shearing composite loading mode |
| CN206862758U (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-01-09 | 慈溪市宗汉嘉富塑料厂 | Stretching clamp and cupping machine |
| CN111678667A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-frequency testing machine, compact tensile test fixture switching device and using method |
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