CN115611500A - Columnar glass, method for producing columnar glass, and apparatus for producing columnar glass - Google Patents
Columnar glass, method for producing columnar glass, and apparatus for producing columnar glass Download PDFInfo
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- CN115611500A CN115611500A CN202210811206.7A CN202210811206A CN115611500A CN 115611500 A CN115611500 A CN 115611500A CN 202210811206 A CN202210811206 A CN 202210811206A CN 115611500 A CN115611500 A CN 115611500A
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 440
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005401 pressed glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004031 devitrification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006063 cullet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001938 differential scanning calorimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005342 prism glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/02—Other methods of shaping glass by casting molten glass, e.g. injection moulding
- C03B19/025—Other methods of shaping glass by casting molten glass, e.g. injection moulding by injection moulding, e.g. extrusion
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing columnar glass with small cross-sectional area without grinding and wearing side surfaces, a manufacturing device thereof and columnar glass obtained by the manufacturing method. A method of making a cylindrical glass from a glass material, comprising: preparing a cylindrical mold having a first opening and a second opening communicating with the first opening and having an opening area smaller than that of the first opening; disposing a glass material in the cylindrical mold; heating and softening the arranged glass material; inserting a first mold having a glass pressing surface from the first opening so that the glass pressing surface is in contact with the glass material; and a step of moving at least one of the first mold and the cylindrical mold to press the softened glass material, thereby discharging the glass from the second opening to form a columnar glass.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a small-section columnar glass, a method for producing the columnar glass, and an apparatus for producing the columnar glass.
Background
Optical glasses are generally available as strip-like materials or as elongated plate-like materials called E-bars, which are shaped into glass articles having a prescribed shape. Specifically, first, a small glass sheet having a relatively simple shape is produced in the same glass volume as the object, and then the small glass sheet is precisely molded. From the viewpoint of industrial convenience, it is desirable for optical glass to be mass-produced with products having the same shape, and therefore, even when such small glass sheets are produced, it is desirable to be mass-produced with small glass sheets having the same shape.
Examples of a method for producing such a small glass sheet include the following methods: a long and thin rectangular glass having one side sufficiently longer than the other sides is prepared, the rectangular glass is formed into a cylindrical round rod glass, and then cut in a direction perpendicular to the height of the cylinder to obtain a small glass piece in a flat plate shape (herein, a disk shape or a cylindrical shape). Flat glass flakes are preferred as materials for optical lenses because of their similarity in shape.
As a method for producing the flat small glass sheet as described above, for example, a method of patent document 1 can be mentioned. Patent document 1 discloses "a method for manufacturing a lens, characterized in that: a glass gob heated to a softening temperature or higher and lower than a flow temperature is charged between three or more rollers rotating in the same direction in parallel to each other, molded into a glass round bar having a predetermined diameter which can be sandwiched by the rotating rollers at intervals, and then cut, molded, and polished to form a lens having a predetermined radius of curvature ".
Further, patent document 2 discloses "a method for producing a round glass rod, characterized in that: at least the surface is heated to 10 10 A glass material having a viscosity lower than that of the glass material is guided onto a plurality of rollers arranged in parallel to each other and rotating in the same direction by moving the glass material on a guide slope (chute) provided in parallel with the rotation axis of the rollers, the glass material is molded into a round bar shape having a circular cross section by rotating the glass material in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the rollers, and the glass material on the guide slope (chute) moves by rolling down the glass material along the guide slope (chute)By "is performed".
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. Sho 54-117514;
patent document 2: japanese patent laid-open No. 2000-16822;
patent document 3: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2002-114532.
Problems to be solved by the invention
As shown in patent documents 1 to 3, a method for producing a round rod glass (hereinafter, also referred to as a round rod glass) as a material of a flat small glass sheet has been widely developed. On the other hand, there is a great demand for a glass product having a small size, and in the field of optical lenses, there is also a demand for a lens having a small diameter. If the cross-sectional diameter of a round bar glass as an optical lens material can be made close to the diameter of an optical lens as a final product, the time and amount of cutting the glass on the side surface of the round bar glass can be reduced, and therefore, the glass manufacturing cost can be suppressed, and the amount of glass cullet (scrap) discarded along with the cutting of the glass can be suppressed, which is also beneficial to the environment.
Further, as described above, patent documents 1 to 3 do not disclose round rod glass of 6mm or less because round rod glass of 6mm or less (for example, 3.5mm or less) cannot be manufactured only by the techniques of patent documents 1 to 3. In the case of the molding with three rolls, when the roll diameter is 40mm, only 6.5 mm-minimum round rod glass can be structurally manufactured, and when the roll diameter is 20mm, only 3.5 mm-minimum round rod glass can be structurally manufactured. However, it is considered that the roll itself is damaged by being subjected to pressure when the roll diameter is 20 mm. Although it is considered to shorten the length of the roll to withstand the pressure, in such a case, a long round rod glass cannot be manufactured. Therefore, in the solutions described in patent documents 1 to 3, it is not possible to manufacture round rod glass having a diameter of 3.5mm or less and a predetermined length.
In addition, in the techniques of patent documents 1 to 3, only rod glass having a circular cross section can be manufactured, and if columnar glass having a triangular cross section, a rectangular cross section, or the like can also be manufactured, the application range of the manufacturing apparatus is increased, which is preferable.
Disclosure of Invention
Means for solving the problems
The present inventors have made studies in view of the above-described problems, and as a result, have developed a production method capable of producing a columnar glass having a small cross-sectional area from a bulk-shaped solidified glass without cutting and capable of being molded into various cross-sectional shapes, thereby completing the present invention.
That is, the present invention includes the following.
[1] A method of manufacturing a columnar glass from a glass material, comprising:
preparing a cylindrical mold having a first opening and a second opening communicating with the first opening and having an opening area smaller than an opening area of the first opening;
disposing a glass material in the cylindrical mold;
heating and softening the arranged glass material;
inserting a first mold having a glass pressing surface from the first opening so that the glass pressing surface contacts the glass material; and
and a step of moving at least one of the first mold and the cylindrical mold to press the softened glass material, thereby discharging the glass from the second opening to form a columnar glass.
[2] The production method according to [1], wherein,
the barrel mold has a second mold inside, the second mold having a glass passage through which the softened glass material is discharged from the second opening to become the columnar glass.
[3] The production method according to [2], wherein,
the second mold has one or more of the glass channels.
[4] The production method according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein,
the cross section of the columnar glass has a polygonal, circular or elliptical cross-sectional shape.
[5] A columnar glass manufacturing apparatus, comprising:
a cylindrical barrel mold having a first opening and a second opening communicating with the first opening and having an opening area smaller than that of the first opening;
a first mold for pressing the glass material disposed inside the cylindrical mold, the first mold having a glass pressing surface that can be inserted into the cylindrical mold from the first opening;
a pressing unit for pressing the first mold toward a glass material; and
a heating unit for softening the glass material.
[6] The columnar glass manufacturing apparatus according to [5], wherein,
the barrel mold has a second mold inside, the second mold having a glass passage, the second mold being configured such that the softened glass material is discharged from the second opening through the glass passage to become the columnar glass.
[7] A columnar glass having an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.001 to 0.20 μm and a ten-point average roughness Rz of 0.01 to 1.2 μm on the side surface.
[8] The columnar glass according to [7], wherein,
the difference between the crystallization peak temperature Tc and the temperature at log η =5.3 (the temperature at the crystallization peak temperature Tc) - (log η = 5.3)) is 0 ℃ or more.
[9] The columnar glass according to [7] or [8], wherein,
the shape of a vertical cross section with respect to the longitudinal direction is the same or substantially the same.
[10] A method of making a cylindrical glass from a glass material, comprising:
preparing a cylindrical mold having at least one opening;
inserting the glass pressing surface of a mold having a glass pressing surface into the cylindrical mold through the opening while the glass pressing surface and the glass material are in contact with each other;
heating and softening the glass material; and
and a step of moving at least one of the mold and the cylindrical mold to press the glass material, thereby discharging the glass material as columnar glass from a glass discharge port provided in the mold.
[11] The cylindrical glass manufacturing apparatus according to [10], wherein,
the mold has a glass passage through which the pressed glass is discharged as the columnar glass from the glass discharge port.
[12] The columnar glass manufacturing apparatus according to [11], wherein,
the mold has one or more of the glass channels.
[13] The cylindrical glass manufacturing apparatus according to [10], wherein,
the cross section of the columnar glass has a polygonal, circular or elliptical cross-sectional shape.
[14] A columnar glass manufacturing apparatus, comprising:
a cylindrical mold having at least one opening;
a mold for pressing a glass material to the inside of the cylindrical mold, being insertable into the cylindrical mold from the opening, and having a glass discharge port for discharging glass at the time of pressing;
an extrusion unit for extruding a glass material through the mold; and
a heating unit for softening the glass material.
[15] A method of making a cylindrical glass from a glass material, comprising:
preparing a cylindrical mold having a first opening and a second opening communicating with the first opening, the cylindrical mold having a second mold therein;
disposing a glass material in the cylindrical mold;
heating and softening the arranged glass material;
inserting a first mold having a glass pressing surface from the first opening so that the glass pressing surface is in contact with the glass material; and
and a step of moving at least one of the first mold and the cylindrical mold to press the softened glass material, thereby discharging the glass from the second opening to form a columnar glass.
[16] The production method according to [15], wherein,
the second mold has a glass passage through which softened glass is discharged from the second opening to become the columnar glass.
[17] The production method according to [16], wherein,
the second mold has one or more of the glass channels.
[18] The production method according to [16], wherein,
the cross section of the columnar glass has a polygonal, circular or elliptical cross-sectional shape.
[19] A columnar glass manufacturing apparatus, comprising:
a cylindrical die having a first opening and a second opening communicating with the first opening;
a first mold for pressing the glass material disposed inside the cylindrical mold, the first mold having a glass pressing surface that can be inserted into the cylindrical mold from the first opening;
an extrusion unit for extruding the first mold toward a glass material;
a second mold disposed inside the cylindrical mold; and
a heating unit for softening the glass material.
[20] The cylindrical glass manufacturing apparatus according to [19], wherein,
the second mold has a glass passage through which the glass material is discharged.
[21] The columnar glass manufacturing apparatus according to [20], wherein,
the second mold has one or more of the glass channels.
Effects of the invention
The method for producing a columnar glass of the present invention can produce a columnar glass without grinding or polishing the side surface. Further, by changing the shapes of the second opening and the glass passage through which the glass is discharged, the cross-sectional shape of the obtained columnar glass can be changed. Furthermore, by increasing the number of the second openings and the glass channels, a plurality of pieces of columnar glass can be obtained at the same time.
The columnar glass thus obtained is naturally free from grinding damage, and can be directly shipped from a factory. By cutting the columnar glass into a circular cross section substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the cut glass can be used as it is as a lens material, and a glass lens material having a predetermined size can be produced while suppressing the amount of glass to be cut, i.e., the amount of glass to be discarded.
Further, in the method for producing a columnar glass of the present invention, since a columnar glass can be produced without raising the temperature to a temperature at which crystallization is easy, the generation of crystals in the glass can be suppressed, and a columnar glass having high quality can be obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device D1 for producing a columnar glass.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a columnar glass manufacturing apparatus D2.
Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view when a cross-section is formed on a line (III in fig. 1) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the manufacturing apparatus D2.
Fig. 4 shows a case where columnar glass is produced by the columnar glass production apparatus D4.
Fig. 5 shows an example of the second mold.
Fig. 6 shows a state where the discharged columnar glass is drawn by the guide roller 7.
Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device D3 for producing a columnar glass.
Fig. 8 shows a graph of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) of a general glass.
FIG. 9 is a side-enlarged photograph of example 1.
Fig. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a columnar glass manufacturing apparatus D4.
Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a columnar glass manufacturing apparatus D5.
Detailed Description
In this specification, unless otherwise specified, "to" used in a specific numerical range means that both the upper limit and the lower limit are included in the range.
[ method and apparatus for producing columnar glass ]
The method for manufacturing columnar glass of the present invention is a method for manufacturing columnar glass from a solidified glass material, including: preparing a cylindrical mold having a first opening and a second opening communicating with the first opening and having an opening area smaller than an opening area of the first opening; disposing a glass material in the cylindrical mold; heating and softening the arranged glass material; inserting a first mold having a glass pressing surface from the first opening so that the glass pressing surface is in contact with the glass material; and a step of pressing the softened glass material by moving at least one of the first mold and the cylindrical mold, and discharging the glass material from the second opening to form a columnar glass. Hereinafter, the detailed description will be given with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the manufacturing apparatuses D1 and D2 of the present invention include a cylindrical mold 3 in which a glass material 1 in a solid state as a material can be placed. The cylindrical mold 3 may be a single body, or may be divided into a cylindrical mold side portion 31 and a cylindrical mold discharging portion 32 as shown in fig. 1 and 2, and the cylindrical mold discharging portion 32 may be a member having a glass discharging passage 35 communicating with the glass passage 41 of the second mold 4 as in the manufacturing apparatuses D1 and D2, or may be a cylindrical cavity as in the manufacturing apparatus D4 of fig. 10 and the manufacturing apparatus D5 of fig. 11 described later.
The cylindrical die 3 may have the container 5 inside the cylindrical die 3 as shown in fig. 1, or may not have the container as shown in fig. 2. For convenience of explanation, the manufacturing apparatus D2 (fig. 2) of the embodiment without the container will be explained, and then the container 5 will be explained with reference to fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 2, the cylindrical die 3 has a first opening 33 and a second opening 34, and the second opening 34 communicates with the first opening 33 and has an opening area smaller than that of the first opening 33. That is, the cylindrical mold 3 has two openings, and has an internal space in which the material glass 1 can be disposed by communicating the first opening 33 and the second opening 34. The cross-sectional shape of the internal space may be circular, elliptical, or polygonal, and is preferably circular in order to reduce the amount of glass remaining inside after molding. The shape of the outer side of the cylindrical die 3 is not particularly limited, but a cylindrical shape or a polygonal cylindrical shape is preferable.
The first opening 33 is an opening portion for inserting the glass material 1 in a solid state, and the first opening 33 is also an opening portion for inserting the first mold 2 after inserting the glass 1.
The second opening 34 is an opening for discharging the softened glass material 1 from the cylindrical mold 3 to be in a columnar shape. Therefore, in the embodiments of D1 and D2, the shape of the second opening 34 is preferably the same shape as the cross-sectional shape of the discharged columnar glass 11. For example, if the columnar glass is rod glass, the cross-sectional shape of the second opening 34 is preferably circular. The cross-sectional area of the second opening 34 is preferably an area that does not allow the material glass 1 charged as a material to fall downward. In addition, the second opening 34 may be one or a plurality of openings.
To produce a cylindrical glass, it is preferable to have a glass discharge channel 35 communicating with the second opening 34. The glass shape at the time of discharge can be stabilized by the glass discharge passage 35 having a predetermined length.
In the present invention, the container 5 may be provided as needed. The manufacturing apparatus D1 of fig. 1 is a system including the container 5. The container 5 can be set inside the cylindrical mold 3 in a tightly fitted state. For example, if the cross section of the space inside the cylindrical mold 3 is circular, the cross section of the container 5 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is also circular, and as shown in fig. 1, the container is tightly fitted. FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional shape of the cut III shown in FIG. 1, which is a close-fit state. By the close fitting, heat from the outside is easily conducted to the material glass 1 inside.
The cross-sectional shape of the inside of the container 5 is also the same as the cross-sectional shape of the inside of the cylindrical die 3, and may be circular, elliptical, or polygonal, and the cross-sectional shape of the inside of the container 5 is preferably substantially the same at any position (height) in a portion other than the annular notch portion 52 described later in order to press the first die 2 against the second die 4. The inner surface of the cylindrical mold 3 of the compression material glass 1 is easily deteriorated by heat and pressure. Therefore, by disposing the container 5 inside so as to be separable from the cylindrical mold 3, even if the container 5 is damaged, it is possible to provide an interior surface without deterioration by merely replacing the container 5.
When the manufacturing apparatus D1 is used, the container 5 has a first container opening 51, and the material glass 1 and the first mold 2 are inserted from the first container opening 51 (see fig. 1) located inside the first opening 33.
The manufacturing apparatuses D1 and D2 of the present invention require the first mold 2. The first mold 2 has a first mold glass pressing surface 21. The first mold glass pressing surface 21 is preferably shaped to be inserted into the first opening 33 and the container first opening 51, and has a gap in which glass is less likely to leak when the glass is compressed. In the case where the clearance is not appropriate, glass may leak from the clearance between the first mold 2 and the cylindrical mold 3 (or the container 5) at the time of pressing.
The pressing downward (in the direction of the arrow in fig. 1) by the first mold 2 is usually performed by pressing the first mold 2 by a pressing means (not shown), but the inner material glass 1 may be pressed by fixing the first mold 2 and moving the cylindrical mold 3 upward, or the glass material 1 may be pressed by rotating the manufacturing apparatuses D1, D2 by 90 ° from the vertical direction and moving the first mold 2 and/or the cylindrical mold 3 in the lateral direction. The manufacturing apparatuses D1 and D2 can both perform such an extrusion method. Here, a mode in which the first die 2 is moved downward to perform extrusion by fixing the cylindrical die 3 will be described.
The manufacturing apparatuses D1, D2 of the present invention have the second mold 4 as necessary. The second mold 4 is located at the lowermost portion of the inside of the cylindrical mold 3 and is locked. In the case of the manufacturing apparatus D1, since the container 5 is present, the second mold 4 is disposed at the lowermost portion of the container 5.
The second mold 4 can be separated from the cylindrical mold 3 and the container 5. The second mold glass pressing surface 43, which is the upper surface, of the second mold 4 located at the lowermost portion inside the cylindrical mold 3 is in contact with the glass 1, and is one of the portions that are damaged due to the application of a large pressure, but by being able to be separated, the second mold 4 that is damaged more can be replaced with a mold that is not damaged.
The second mold 4 has a glass channel 41. The glass passage 41 is a passage that communicates the inside of the container 5 (the second mold glass pressing surface 43) with the glass discharge passage 35 and the second opening 34. The shape of the glass passage 41 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to have the same shape as the glass discharge passage 35 of the cylindrical mold 3 from the viewpoint of enabling stable glass discharge.
The cross-sectional shape and the number of the glass passages 41 of the second mold 4 are not particularly limited. Fig. 5 (a) shows the second mold 4 used in fig. 1, and a glass channel 41 having a circular cross section is formed in the center. Further, 5 glass channels 412 are formed in the second mold 4 shown in fig. 5 (b). Therefore, 5 pieces of columnar glass can be manufactured from fig. 5 (b). In fig. 5 (c), the cross section of the glass passage 413 is triangular, and in fig. 5 (d), the cross section of the glass passage 414 is elongated rectangular, and by using these second molds, triangular prism glass and plate glass can be manufactured.
In the case of using the second mold shown in fig. 5 (b) to (d), the glass discharge passage 35 and the second opening 34 are preferably also formed in the corresponding shapes.
An annular cutout portion 42 is formed in the outer periphery of an end portion of the second mold glass pressing surface 43 of the second mold 4, and engages with an annular cutout portion 52 formed in the inner periphery of the container 5, thereby suppressing leakage of glass.
The manufacturing apparatuses D1 to D5 of the present invention can draw the discharged columnar glass 11 downward using two guide rollers 7 as necessary (see fig. 6). The guide roller 7 is composed of two disks, and guides the columnar glass 11 in a predetermined direction while sandwiching the columnar glass between the two disks. In the case where no guide roller is used, the amount of glass already discharged is small in the initial stage of discharging the columnar glass 11, and therefore the downward drawing force is small. However, when the glass is advanced to the latter stage of the discharge, the amount of glass discharged increases and the weight thereof increases, so that the force of pulling downward increases, and the columnar glass 11 may be elongated and thinned. However, since the columnar glass 11 can be drawn at a constant speed by using the two guide rolls 7 rotating at a constant speed, deformation of the cross-sectional shape of the columnar glass 11 can be suppressed, and the columnar glass can be stably produced.
As shown in fig. 6, the guide roller 7 rotates the two disks so as to draw the glass downward.
Fig. 7 shows a manufacturing apparatus D3 according to another embodiment of the present invention. In D3, a cylindrical mold 3 having a closed upper part and a cylindrical shape is used. Above the inside of the cylindrical die 3, there is a first die 2 integrated with the cylindrical die 3.
The lower part of the cylindrical mold 3 is opened, and the second mold 4 having the glass passage 41 therethrough can be inserted. The second mold 4 is supported by one or more expansion/contraction parts 8 (composed of a first expansion/contraction part 81 and a second expansion/contraction part 82) at a position not interfering with the exit of the glass passage 41. The expansion/contraction section 8 is not limited to this embodiment as long as it can raise the second mold 4 and the glass material 1 disposed above the second mold 4, and various raising means can be used.
The manufacturing apparatus D3 is a system in which the cylindrical mold 3 is fixed and the second mold 4 is raised, but as another system, a system in which the glass material 1 is compressed by fixing the second mold 4 by the expansion and contraction portion 8 and lowering the cylindrical mold 3 may be used.
In the manufacturing apparatus D3, as in the manufacturing apparatuses D1 and D2, a heating means is provided around the cylindrical mold 3 to heat the glass inside.
The manufacturing apparatus D4 in fig. 10 and the manufacturing apparatus D5 in fig. 11 are different from the manufacturing apparatuses D1 and D2 in that the cylindrical die discharging portion 32 is not provided as a member but is provided as a cylindrical cavity. Therefore, the opening area of the second opening 34 in the manufacturing apparatuses D4 and D5 is large, and the opening shape of the second opening 34 in D4 does not need to be the same as the cross-sectional shape when the obtained columnar glass is cut perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The glass discharged from the glass discharge port 44 of the second mold 4 is drawn into a columnar glass in the longitudinal direction, and is discharged from the second opening 34 through the cylindrical mold discharge portion 32.
The sectional shape of the columnar glass obtained by the manufacturing apparatuses D4 and D5 is the same as the shape of the glass discharge port 44.
Further, the second mold modification examples of fig. 5 (b) to (D) and the roll of fig. 6 can also be applied to the manufacturing apparatuses D1 to D5.
[ production method ]
Next, a method for producing the columnar glass 11 according to the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 4.
In the manufacturing apparatus D4 used in fig. 4, a lump material glass 1 having a predetermined size is charged from a first opening and is pressed downward from above by a first die 2.
The inserted glass material 1 may not be located tightly inside the container 5 before pressing. After the material glass 1 having a predetermined size is inserted into the container 5, the first mold 2 is disposed in the container first opening 51 from above (fig. 4 (a)). In the production method of the present invention, since the material glass 1 does not reach a high temperature to the extent of melting, a mold release agent such as powdery Boron Nitride (BN) is not added. Therefore, the manufacturing method of the present invention is very suitable for glass sensitive to variation in glass composition. Although it is preferable not to use a release agent, the release agent can be used in some cases as long as it does not interfere with the use.
Next, the material glass 1 is heated by a heating means (not shown). The heating means heats the first mold 2 and the cylindrical mold 31 from the outside by a predetermined method such as a burner. Thereby softening the material glass 1.
The softened material glass 1 is pressed downward, whereby the material glass 1 is deformed. Even when the glass is not in a shape closely fitting the inside of the cylindrical mold 2 at the time of insertion, the glass can be spread in the vertical direction (lateral direction) with respect to the longitudinal direction by pressing and filled without a gap in the lateral direction (fig. 4 (b)).
The viscosity of the glass at this time was 1.0X 10 4 Pa·s～5.0×10 5 Pa · s or so.
When the pressing is further continued, the glass is discharged as a columnar glass 11 ((c) of fig. 4).
The temperature suitable for extrusion is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature at which the glass can be deformed by extrusion, but it is preferable that the viscosity of the glass is 1.0 × 10 4 Pa·s～5.0×10 5 The temperature of about Pa · s is, for example, 500 to 900 ℃.
The discharge speed of the discharged columnar glass 11, that is, the extrusion speed, is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 1 to 30mm/min or, for example, 1 to 20 mm/min. If the discharge speed is higher than this range, the pressure of the pressing is too high, and therefore the material glass 1 may be broken before deformation, and if the discharge speed is lower than this range, the production speed is too slow, and the efficiency is low.
The pressure against the material glass 1 is preferably 1.5 to 50MPa. Since a constant pressing speed is preferable in producing the columnar glass 11, it is preferable to adjust the load and pressure in accordance with the pressing speed.
Although not shown, a heat-resistant sheet is preferably disposed between the first mold glass pressing surface 21 of the first mold 2 and the material glass 1. This can suppress the intrusion of glass into the gap between the container 5 and the first mold 2. As the heat-resistant sheet, a sheet containing carbon, specifically, an expanded graphite sheet and the like can be given.
The production apparatuses D1, D2, and D5 can produce columnar glass under the same conditions as those of D4.
The manufacturing apparatus D3 shown in fig. 7 was manufactured by the following method. That is, the manufacturing method using the manufacturing apparatus D3 includes: preparing a cylindrical mold having at least one opening; placing the glass material on a glass pressing surface of a mold having the glass pressing surface and a glass passage penetrating the mold from the glass pressing surface; a step of pressing the glass material with the mold by inserting the mold on which the glass material is placed from the opening into the cylindrical mold and moving at least one of the mold and the cylindrical mold; and a step of discharging the pressed glass from the opening by pressing to form a columnar glass.
A specific manufacturing method by the manufacturing apparatus D3 will be described with reference to fig. 7. The glass material 1 is placed above the second mold 4. In addition, in the second mold, there are a second glass pressing surface 43 and a glass passage 41. In a state where the glass material 1 is placed, the second mold 4 and the glass material 1 on the second mold 4 are raised by extending the expansion/contraction portion 8.
The lower part of the cylindrical mold 3 is opened, the second mold 4 can be inserted into the cylindrical mold 3, and the glass material 1 on the second mold 4 and the second mold 4 can be inserted into the cylindrical mold 3 by the rising of the glass material 1 on the second mold 4 and the second mold 4. Although not shown, the glass inside the cylindrical mold 3 is heated by a heating unit to a temperature at which the glass can be thermoformed.
The expansion/contraction part 8 is further raised until the second mold 4 and the glass material 1 placed on the second mold 4 come into contact with the first mold 2 placed at an upper part (a position opposite to the opening) inside the cylindrical mold 3. When further raised, the heated glass material 1 is deformed, and the columnar glass 11 is discharged from the glass discharge port 44 communicating with the glass passage 41 and the opening of the cylindrical mold 3.
[ column glass ]
The columnar glass 11 obtained by the production apparatus and the production method of the present invention will be explained. In one embodiment of the present invention, one or more columnar glasses 11 are obtained corresponding to one material glass inserted into the manufacturing apparatus. That is, the glass volume of the material glass 1 is substantially the same as the volume of the obtained columnar glass 11 (except for the case where a part of the material glass 11 remains in the manufacturing apparatus).
The sectional shape of the columnar glass 11 depends on the shape of the second opening 34 or the opening of the glass discharge port 44 of the second mold 4. That is, if the shape of the second opening 34 or the glass discharge port 44 of the second mold 4 is circular, the columnar glass 11 having a circular cross section is obtained. In addition, by changing the shape of the second opening 34 or the glass discharge port 44 of the second mold 4, a polygonal cross section such as a triangle or a quadrangle, or an elliptical cross section can be formed.
The columnar glass 11 obtained by the present invention is characterized by a very small area of the cross section. The cross-sectional area is defined. The cross-sectional area can be, for example, 50mm 2 The thickness can be, for example, 40mm 2 The thickness can be 30mm or less 2 The following.
The columnar glass 11 has a surface that can be shipped directly from a factory without grinding. Since the glass is not ground, glass cullet can be suppressed.
The surface of the columnar glass 11 obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention can be shipped even in an unpolished state. For example, a plurality of glass materials (also referred to as preforms) produced by precision press molding can be produced by simply dividing columnar glass. In the unpolished state, the arithmetic average roughness Ra is 0.001 to 0.20 μm and the ten-point average roughness Rz is 0.01 to 1.2. Mu.m. In the present specification, the arithmetic average roughness Ra and the ten-point average roughness Rz are values measured by a surface roughness profile measuring instrument (SURFCOM 2900SD3-12, precision manufactured by tokyo co., ltd.). The arithmetic average roughness Ra and the ten-point average roughness Rz are measured by scanning the side surface of the columnar glass parallel to the longitudinal direction.
The columnar glass 11 obtained by the production method of the present invention may have linear streaks formed in the longitudinal direction. This is because the softened glass is extruded by pressure. Since the linear stripe is formed in the longitudinal direction, the cutting blade exerts an anti-slip effect in cutting the columnar glass into a plurality of pieces. Further, as described above, since it is not necessary to use a release agent, foreign matter from the release agent does not appear on the surface and inside of the glass.
Further, the columnar glass 11 obtained by the production method of the present invention can be produced so as to have a uniform or substantially uniform cross-sectional shape. In one piece of columnar glass 11, the ratio of the cross-sectional shape having the largest area to the cross-sectional shape having the smallest area (maximum area/minimum area) is preferably 1.2 or less, and more preferably 1.1 or less.
Further, in the production method of the present invention, it is preferable that the difference between the crystallization peak temperature and the temperature at log η =5.3 ((crystallization peak temperature (Tc ℃)) - (temperature at log η = 5.3))) is 200 ℃ or less. The difference between the crystallization peak temperature and the temperature at log η =5.3 is preferably greater than 0 ℃, more preferably 50 ℃ or higher, and further preferably 100 ℃, 150 ℃, and 200 ℃ or higher in this order.
In general, the difference between the crystallization peak temperature and the temperature at log η =5.3 is large, and devitrification is not easily caused at the time of molding. From this viewpoint, the difference between the crystallization peak temperature and the temperature at log η =5.3 is preferably greater than 0 ℃, more preferably 50 ℃ or higher, and further preferably 100 ℃, 150 ℃, and 200 ℃ or higher in this order. On the other hand, even in the case of a glass having a difference between the crystallization peak temperature and the temperature at log η =5.3 of 200 ℃ or less, devitrification at the time of molding according to the present invention can be suppressed, and therefore, a combination of the method of the present invention and a glass having a difference between the crystallization peak temperature and the temperature at log η =5.3 of 200 ℃ or less is preferable.
Such a glass has high stability in a viscous region and can be suitably produced by the production method and the production apparatus of the present invention. Fig. 8 is a graph showing a differential calorimetric analysis of a general glass, and in fig. 8, a crystallization peak temperature is a Tc portion.
In the case of a glass having high thermal stability and being difficult to crystallize during heating, a clear crystallization peak does not appear in a DSC curve, or even if a crystallization peak exists, the difference between the crystallization peak temperature Tc and T (log η = 5.3) is large. On the other hand, although a glass having a Tc-T (log η = 5.3) of 200 ℃ or less is likely to devitrify when heated and softened and molded, and the devitrification resistance is insufficient, the present invention can obtain a high-quality columnar glass without devitrification, and therefore the method for producing a columnar glass of the present invention is particularly advantageous as a method for molding a glass having a Tc-T (log η = 5.3) of 200 ℃ or less.
Examples
For the material cured at normal temperature and having a length of 22cm 3 The following glass of volume (2) was produced into a columnar glass by using the production apparatus D1 shown in fig. 1. In D1, the cross sections of the glass passage 41 and the glass discharge passage 35 are of a size matching the shape of the cross section of the produced columnar glass. Further, an expanded graphite sheet having a thickness of 1.5mm was disposed between the first mold glass extrusion surface 21 of the first mold 2 and the material glass 1.
The conditions are as follows. The glass is heated to soften the glass, and the temperature at this time is appropriately adjusted to fall within the following viscosity range. In table 1, the crystallization peak temperature (Tc) - (temperature when log η = 5.3) [ ° c ] is described as the range of the crystallization peak temperature for glass that is relatively difficult to crystallize and has a slightly large variation in crystallization peak temperature among glasses that are easy to crystallize.
The use of glass: optical glasses 1 to 4 (the shape of the obtained columnar glass is shown in Table 1 below)
Speed: 10mm/min;
loading: 770 to 12315N;
temperature: 550-860 ℃;
viscosity of glass: 2.0X 10 4 Pa·s～1.0×10 5 Pa·s。
[ Table 1]
(results)
A columnar glass having a predetermined shape is obtained from any one of the optical glasses 1 to 4. Longitudinal streaks were observed on both side surfaces of the columnar glass.
Further, with respect to the columnar glass of example 1, ra was 0.025 μm, rz was 0.845 μm, and foreign matters such as crystals of 3 μm or more were not observed. Table 2 shows the characteristics of the optical glass 1 of example 1, and fig. 9 shows an enlarged photograph of example 1.
[ Table 2]
Description of the reference numerals
1: material glass;
11: columnar glass;
2: a first mold;
3: a cylindrical mold;
4: a second mold;
5: a container;
7: and a guide roller.
Claims (21)
1. A method of making a cylindrical glass from a glass material, comprising:
preparing a cylindrical mold having a first opening and a second opening communicating with the first opening and having an opening area smaller than that of the first opening;
disposing a glass material in the cylindrical mold;
heating and softening the arranged glass material;
inserting a first mold having a glass pressing surface from the first opening so that the glass pressing surface is in contact with the glass material; and
and a step of moving at least one of the first mold and the cylindrical mold to press the softened glass material, thereby discharging the glass from the second opening to form a columnar glass.
2. The manufacturing method according to claim 1,
the barrel mold has a second mold inside, the second mold having a glass passage through which the softened glass material is discharged from the second opening to become the columnar glass.
3. The manufacturing method according to claim 2,
the second mold has one or more of the glass channels.
4. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the cross section of the columnar glass has a polygonal, circular or elliptical cross-sectional shape.
5. A columnar glass manufacturing apparatus comprising:
a cylindrical die having a first opening and a second opening communicating with the first opening and having an opening area smaller than that of the first opening;
a first mold for pressing the glass material disposed inside the cylindrical mold, the first mold having a glass pressing surface that can be inserted into the cylindrical mold from the first opening;
a pressing unit for pressing the first mold toward a glass material; and
a heating unit for softening the glass material.
6. The cylindrical glass manufacturing apparatus according to claim 5,
a second mold having a glass passage is provided inside the cylindrical mold, and the second mold is configured such that the softened glass material is discharged from the second opening through the glass passage to become the columnar glass.
7. A columnar glass having an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.001 to 0.20 μm and a ten-point average roughness Rz of 0.01 to 1.2 μm on the side surface.
8. The columnar glass as recited in claim 7,
the difference between the crystallization peak temperature Tc and the temperature at log η =5.3 (the temperature at the crystallization peak temperature Tc) - (log η = 5.3)) is 0 ℃ or more.
9. The columnar glass according to claim 7 or 8,
the shape of a vertical cross section with respect to the longitudinal direction is the same or substantially the same.
10. A method of manufacturing a columnar glass from a glass material, comprising:
preparing a cylindrical mold having at least one opening;
inserting the glass pressing surface of a mold having a glass pressing surface into the cylindrical mold through the opening while the glass pressing surface and the glass material are in contact with each other;
heating and softening the glass material; and
and a step of moving at least one of the mold and the cylindrical mold to press the glass material, thereby discharging the glass material as columnar glass from a glass discharge port provided in the mold.
11. The cylindrical glass manufacturing apparatus according to claim 10,
the mold has a glass passage through which the pressed glass is discharged as the columnar glass from the glass discharge port.
12. The cylindrical glass manufacturing apparatus according to claim 11,
the mold has one or more of the glass channels.
13. The cylindrical glass manufacturing apparatus according to claim 10,
the cross section of the columnar glass has a polygonal, circular or elliptical cross-sectional shape.
14. A columnar glass manufacturing apparatus, comprising:
a cylindrical mold having at least one opening;
a mold for pressing a glass material to the inside of the cylindrical mold, being insertable into the cylindrical mold from the opening, and having a glass discharge port for discharging glass at the time of pressing;
an extrusion unit for extruding a glass material through the mold; and
a heating unit for softening the glass material.
15. A method of making a cylindrical glass from a glass material, comprising:
preparing a cylindrical mold having a first opening and a second opening communicating with the first opening, the cylindrical mold having a second mold therein;
disposing a glass material in the cylindrical mold;
heating and softening the arranged glass material;
inserting a first mold having a glass pressing surface from the first opening so that the glass pressing surface is in contact with the glass material; and
and a step of moving at least one of the first mold and the cylindrical mold to press the softened glass material, thereby discharging the glass from the second opening to form a columnar glass.
16. The manufacturing method according to claim 15,
the second mold has a glass passage through which softened glass is discharged from the second opening to become the columnar glass.
17. The manufacturing method according to claim 16,
the second mold has one or more of the glass channels.
18. The manufacturing method according to claim 15,
the cross section of the columnar glass has a polygonal, circular or elliptical cross-sectional shape.
19. A columnar glass manufacturing apparatus, comprising:
a cylindrical die having a first opening and a second opening communicating with the first opening;
a first mold for pressing the glass material disposed inside the cylindrical mold, the first mold having a glass pressing surface that can be inserted into the cylindrical mold from the first opening;
an extrusion unit for extruding the first mold toward a glass material;
a second mold disposed inside the cylindrical mold; and
a heating unit for softening the glass material.
20. The cylindrical glass manufacturing apparatus according to claim 19,
the second mold has a glass passage through which the glass material is discharged.
21. The cylindrical glass manufacturing apparatus according to claim 20,
the second mold has one or more of the glass channels.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2021-117943 | 2021-07-16 | ||
| JP2021117943 | 2021-07-16 |
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| CN115611500A true CN115611500A (en) | 2023-01-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202210811206.7A Pending CN115611500A (en) | 2021-07-16 | 2022-07-11 | Columnar glass, method for producing columnar glass, and apparatus for producing columnar glass |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP7407874B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN115611500A (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| NL7511706A (en) * | 1974-10-10 | 1976-04-13 | Philips Nv | METHOD FOR EXTRUDING MATERIALS CONSISTING OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS AND DEVICE FOR PERFORMING THE METHOD. |
| JP2694860B2 (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1997-12-24 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | Method for manufacturing fluoride glass preform |
| JPH07101739A (en) * | 1993-10-07 | 1995-04-18 | Hoya Corp | Extrusion molding method |
| JP2012128041A (en) | 2010-12-13 | 2012-07-05 | Nihon Yamamura Glass Co Ltd | Manufacturing method of polarizer |
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- 2022-07-06 JP JP2022109138A patent/JP7407874B2/en active Active
- 2022-07-11 CN CN202210811206.7A patent/CN115611500A/en active Pending
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| JP2023014003A (en) | 2023-01-26 |
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