CN115609175A - Method for evaluating fatigue behavior of welding joint - Google Patents
Method for evaluating fatigue behavior of welding joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN115609175A CN115609175A CN202110791261.XA CN202110791261A CN115609175A CN 115609175 A CN115609175 A CN 115609175A CN 202110791261 A CN202110791261 A CN 202110791261A CN 115609175 A CN115609175 A CN 115609175A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for evaluating fatigue behavior of a welding joint, which aims at the welding joint of a high-strength steel structural member serving in a dynamic load occasion, and sequentially comprises the following steps: carrying out butt welding by adopting two identical substrates to obtain a butt joint with a butt welding seam; arranging a vertical plate on the front side of the butt weld and carrying out fillet welding to obtain a fillet weld and obtain a sample with a fillet joint and a butt joint, wherein the welding direction of the fillet weld is perpendicular to the welding direction of the butt weld, and the fillet weld is intersected with the center of the butt weld; and carrying out a three-point bending load fatigue test on the sample, placing one surface of the sample, which is provided with the fillet weld and the butt weld, on a tension surface, determining that the sample fails when a pressure head meets a maximum displacement threshold, and taking the corresponding load cycle number as the fatigue life of the sample. The method can simulate the interaction and fatigue failure behavior of the butt weld and the fillet weld in the actual dynamic service occasion, and provides indirect fatigue behavior evaluation for the high-strength steel large-scale structural member.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for evaluating fatigue behavior of a welding joint, in particular to a method for evaluating fatigue behavior of a welding joint of a high-strength steel structural member serving in a dynamic load occasion.
Background
Welding processing is a key technology and a main process for on-site production and manufacturing of high-strength steel structural parts, in the welding process, a welding joint becomes a weak link of the whole structure due to unbalanced solid-state phase change caused by unbalanced heating and cooling, and various structural failures in the manufacturing and service processes are often related to weakening of the performance of the welding joint. The high-strength steel structural member is mostly applied to dynamic load occasions, such as industrial fields of engineering machinery, marine structures, rail vehicles, heavy energy equipment and the like, and the fatigue failure of the welding joint of the high-strength steel structural member is a main form of structural failure, so that the fatigue behavior of the welding joint of the high-strength steel structural member needs to be evaluated to obtain the fatigue performance index of the welding joint in service in the dynamic load occasions.
The fatigue behavior of the welded joint is different from that of a metal matrix with a uniform tissue structure, and macro or micro discontinuity generated in the welding process often becomes an initial fatigue crack source, particularly a micro defect of a surface weld toe part, and the welded joint directly enters a propagation stage without crack initiation. Meanwhile, the expansion of initial fatigue cracks is promoted by the residual tensile stress generated in the welding process, the geometric shape factor of the welding toe, the stress concentration generated in the service process of micro defects and the like, the fatigue failure process is accelerated, and the reduction of the fatigue strength and the fatigue life is mainly shown. The GB/T3075-2008 metal material fatigue test axial force control method is a general fatigue performance evaluation and test standard in the industry, but the standard mainly aims at a uniform metal base material, if a welding joint is evaluated under the condition of keeping the weld reinforcement based on the standard, the influence of welding residual stress on the fatigue behavior of the welding joint can not be considered, the stress concentration degree is increased due to sharp transition of the edge of a sample, particularly the weld toe, and the difference with the dynamic load service characteristics of a general high-strength steel structural part is large, so that the actual fatigue behavior of the welding joint of the high-strength steel structural part can not be accurately reflected. Particularly, the high-strength steel structural member currently in service in a typical dynamic load situation is generally designed into a closed box structure or an open multi-dimensional combined weld bead structure, and in any form, the high-strength steel structural member relates to the combination of a butt joint and an angle joint (including a T-shaped joint and a cross joint). Meanwhile, fillet welds welded on both sides are also non-penetration welds, and even if the fillet welds are not subjected to main stress, the fillet welds are easy to become initial fatigue crack sources in the fatigue service process, and the fillet welds welded on one side are easy to generate early fatigue failure such as root cracking and the like. However, the existing relevant standards do not relate to the evaluation method for fatigue behavior and failure of the butt weld and fillet weld of the structural member actually used in the dynamic load occasion.
Chinese patent 201110047097.8 discloses a method for evaluating fatigue properties of a T-joint portion of a T-welded joint structure, which can indirectly evaluate fatigue properties of a T-joint without performing an actual test, but which cannot evaluate and predict fatigue properties of a butt joint mainly subjected to a normal stress in a structural member. Chinese patent 201510963648.3 discloses a cross-shaped welded joint fatigue test piece, which comprises an integrally formed cross-shaped base body, wherein a fillet weld is arranged at a right-angle corner, and the cross-shaped welded joint fatigue test piece is only suitable for testing and observing fillet weld cracks and is not suitable for evaluating the fatigue behavior of a butt joint bearing main stress. Chinese patent 201611076258.5 discloses a preparation method and application of a plate-shaped welding member fatigue sample, wherein strain gauges are pasted on a welding member, the minimum width of the residual stress-containing fatigue sample and the maximum width of the residual stress-free fatigue sample are determined according to the change of residual stress when the welding member is cut one by one, although the influence of the welding residual stress on the fatigue performance of the sample can be reflected, the method has the advantages of large workload, complicated residual stress monitoring program and higher cost, and the fatigue sample adopted by the method is not representative in the dynamic load service occasion of a general high-strength steel member closed box structure. In a word, the above patents do not evaluate the fatigue behavior of the high-strength steel structural member welded joint in service in dynamic load occasions, and cannot accurately reflect the fatigue service characteristics under the condition of the interaction of the butt joint and the fillet joint cross weld.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for evaluating fatigue behavior of a welding joint, which aims at a high-strength steel structural member in service in a dynamic load occasion, adopts a simple and feasible sample as a small structural member, combines a bending load fatigue test, can simulate the interaction and fatigue failure behavior of butt weld joints and fillet welds in the actual dynamic load service occasion, and provides indirect fatigue behavior evaluation for the high-strength steel large structural members with various strength levels.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
a method for evaluating fatigue behavior of a welding joint aims at the welding joint of a high-strength steel structural member serving in a dynamic load occasion, and comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out butt welding by adopting two identical substrates to obtain a butt joint with a butt welding seam;
step two, arranging a vertical plate made of the same material as the base plate on the front face of the butt weld, carrying out fillet welding to obtain a fillet weld, and obtaining a sample with a fillet joint and the butt joint, wherein the welding direction of the fillet weld is perpendicular to the welding direction of the butt weld, and the fillet weld intersects with the center of the butt weld;
and thirdly, performing a three-point bending load fatigue test on the sample, placing one surface of the sample, which is provided with the fillet weld and the butt weld, on a tension surface, determining that the sample fails when the pressure head meets the maximum displacement threshold, and taking the corresponding load cycle number as the fatigue life of the sample.
In the first step, the sample size satisfies the following relational expression:
W＝(10-σ Y /345)×B
L＝(3.5+σ Y /345)×W
wherein W is the sample width, L is the sample length, B is the substrate thickness, σ Y The base metal yield strength of the substrate.
In the first step, the groove of the butt welding is a single-sided groove or a double-sided groove.
The groove is in a v-shaped groove, a Y-shaped groove or a U-shaped groove.
In the first step, the welding process method of butt welding comprises manual shielded metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding, tungsten electrode argon arc welding, submerged arc welding, plasma arc welding or laser welding.
In the second step, the fillet welding joint is a double-sided fillet welding joint or a single-sided fillet welding joint.
In the second step, the welding process method of the fillet welding is the same as that of the butt welding.
In the third step, the maximum bending stress at the central position of the tension surface and the inertia moment corrected by the angle joint satisfy the following relational expression:
S＝(6～7)×B
in the formula, σ max Maximum bending stress at the center of the tension face, M max The maximum bending moment of the central position of the tension surface is B, the thickness of the substrate is B, the moment of inertia of the central position of the tension surface is I, the loading force of a pressure head is F, the span of a three-point bending sample is S, the width of the sample is W, and the height of an angle joint vertical plate is h.
In the third step, the load is controlled by adopting a sine wave.
The second step also comprises the step of carrying out surface macroscopic inspection and manual ultrasonic nondestructive inspection on the sample, wherein the processing roughness R of the side surfaces of the two ends of the sample a Not exceeding 12.5.
According to the method for evaluating the fatigue behavior of the welding joint, firstly, a small-sized structural part is obtained by optimally designing the size of a sample, so that the application scenes of the welding seam crossing position of a butt joint and a corner joint and a part with high fatigue failure sensitivity are simulated, the fatigue behavior of the small-sized structural part is evaluated through a three-point bending load test, the influence of the residual stress state, the loading mode, the fatigue failure initial position, the fatigue life and the like of the large-sized structural part on the fatigue life of the welding joint in the actual service process can be accurately reflected, the method can be used for indirectly evaluating the fatigue behavior of the welding joint of the high-strength steel structural part in the actual service occasion, and has good usability.
Secondly, the method does not need to evaluate the fatigue behavior of the large-scale structural part, the adopted test sample is easy to realize and use, the cost is low, the fatigue behavior of the welded joint of the high-strength steel structural part with various strength levels adopting different welding processes can be quickly evaluated, the method is favorable for providing technical guidance for the safe service of the structural part, the reliability of the evaluation result obtained by the method is high, the efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the indirect evaluation result is close to the actual service fatigue behavior of the high-strength steel structural member, and the method has good usability, universal applicability and representativeness, can be simply and quickly implemented, and has high efficiency and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of the fatigue behavior evaluation method of the welded joint according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a sample with a double fillet weld according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the structure of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a sample with a single fillet weld of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the structure of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the loading mode of the three-point bending load fatigue test of the sample of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 base plate, 2 vertical plates, 3 butt welding seams and 4 fillet welding seams.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
A method for evaluating fatigue behavior of a welding joint, which aims at the welding joint of a high-strength steel structural member serving in a dynamic load occasion, and is shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
step one, two same substrates 1 are adopted to carry out butt welding to obtain a butt joint with a butt welding seam 3. According to actual requirements, the groove of the butt welding can be a single-sided groove or a double-sided groove, and the form of the groove includes but is not limited to a V-shaped groove, a Y-shaped groove or a U-shaped groove. In addition, a representative welding process is selected according to practical application scenarios in specific industrial fields, and the welding process of butt welding includes manual Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), tungsten Inert Gas (TIG), submerged Arc Welding (SAW), plasma Arc Welding (PAW) or Laser Welding (LW), etc., so as to ensure the welding quality of the surface and the interior of the welding joint.
And step two, arranging a vertical plate 2 on the front surface of the butt weld, carrying out fillet welding to obtain a fillet weld 4, and obtaining a sample with a fillet joint and a butt joint, wherein the welding direction of the fillet weld is perpendicular to the welding direction of the butt weld, and the fillet weld is intersected with the center of the butt weld. The material of the vertical plate 2 is the same as that of the substrate 1.
Considering the correlation between the residual stress state in the welded structure and the length, width and substrate thickness of the sample, the cross-welded seam residual stress state in the actual typical high-strength steel structural member can be more accurately reflected by finite element simulation calculation comparison, and therefore, referring to fig. 2 to 5, preferably, in the sample size, the sample width, the sample length and the substrate thickness (in mm) are optimally designed to satisfy the following relation:
W＝(10-σ Y /345)×B
L＝(3.5+σ Y /345)×W
where W is the specimen width (i.e., parallel to the butt weld direction), L is the specimen length (i.e., parallel to the fillet direction), B is the substrate thickness, and σ is Y The base metal yield strength of the substrate.
According to service occasions and structural forms evaluated by actual needs, the angle joint can be selected to be a double-sided welding angle joint or a single-sided welding angle joint without beveling. In order to simulate the effect of the corner joint on the overall structure and considering the tonnage of a general testing machine, the height of the vertical plate 2 of the corner joint is preferably h = 6-8 mm.
The welding process method of fillet welding is the same as that of butt welding so as to ensure the welding quality of the surface and the interior of a welding joint. Before fillet welding, the cross position of the vertical plate and the butt welding seam needs to be ground flat.
In addition, after the test sample is obtained, the test sample is subjected to surface macroscopic inspection and manual ultrasonic nondestructive inspection to determine whether the welding quality meets the requirements of the fatigue test. The acceptance criteria for surface and internal weld defects generally vary from application to application. In general, when a sample is processed and manufactured according to fig. 2 to 5, considering the influence of the surface smoothness of the sample on the final fatigue test result, especially, the processing roughness of the cross section has an important influence on the stability of the fatigue test result, specifically, the poor cross section processing precision easily causes an initial fatigue crack source, the initial fatigue crack source can cause unpredicted preferential cracking in the fatigue test process, so that the fatigue performance of the material and the welded joint cannot be accurately reflected, and therefore, the processing roughness Ra of two cross sections (i.e., the two end side surfaces of the sample along the length L direction of the sample) is required to be not more than 12.5, so that the initial fatigue crack source caused by the poor cross section processing precision can be effectively avoided.
And thirdly, referring to fig. 6, performing a three-point bending load fatigue test on the sample, placing one surface of the sample, which is provided with the fillet weld and the butt weld, on a tension surface, determining that the sample fails when the pressure head meets the maximum displacement threshold, and taking the corresponding load cycle number as the fatigue life of the sample.
Preferably, in consideration of the influence of the corner joint of a certain height on the maximum bending stress (tensile stress) of the central position of the tension face, the maximum bending stress of the central position of the tension face and the moment of inertia corrected by the corner joint satisfy the following relation:
S＝(6～7)×B
in the formula, σ max Maximum bending stress at the center of the tension face, M max The maximum bending moment of the central position of the tension surface is B, the thickness of the substrate is B, the moment of inertia of the central position of the tension surface is I, the loading force of a pressure head is F, the span of a three-point bending sample is S, the unit is mm, the width of the sample is W, and the height of an angle joint vertical plate is h.
Specifically, in a three-point bending load fatigue test, the bending load is controlled by a sine wave, the stress ratio is 0.1, and the loading frequency is 10Hz. And adopting the maximum displacement of the pressure head in the loading process as a failure judgment parameter. In the conventional low-frequency fatigue test process, the displacement increment generally does not exceed 5%, and the maximum value of the displacement increment is considered to be beyond the conventional value to a certain extent, so that the fatigue crack is considered to be propagated and failed, therefore, in the embodiment, the sample is considered to be fatigue-failed when the maximum displacement increment is 10%, and the corresponding load cycle number is taken as the fatigue life of the sample under a certain load condition.
The invention aims at the design characteristic that a large number of butt joints and non-penetration angle joints (including T-shaped joints and cross joints) form cross welding seams in a high-strength steel structural member in a dynamic load occasion, and combines the actual situation that the cross welding seams have high failure sensitivity in the dynamic load service process of the high-strength steel structural member in the related industrial field to optimally design a sample for fatigue behavior evaluation, and the interaction of the butt joint test welding seams and the angle joint test welding seams in the specific fatigue loading process is used for indirectly evaluating the fatigue behavior of a general high-strength steel actual welding structure applied to the dynamic load occasion. Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the butt weld and the fillet weld are intersected vertically, and the intersection position of the weld is located at the center of the test sample, so that different fillet welding methods and the influence of the fillet welding methods on a fatigue failure mode in practical application occasions are fully considered in the design mode, and the influence of the intersection position of the butt weld and the fillet weld on the integral residual stress state and the failure mode in the actual service process of the high-strength steel structural member can be simulated.
Examples 1 to 6
And respectively selecting hot-rolled Q550E steel plates with the wall thicknesses of 8mm, 12mm and 16mm, completing butt welding and fillet welding by applying the method based on the mainstream gas shielded automatic welding (GMAW) process specification of the field structural member manufacturing, and checking the welding quality of a welding joint. Each wall thickness specification example includes a double fillet weld and a single fillet weld. A fixed maximum tensile stress value of 300MPa, i.e., σ max =300MPa, and a stress ratio R =0.1 was selected as a fixed maximum tensile stress value for the conditional fatigue life evaluation, which is 0.5 to 0.6 times the predetermined minimum yield strength of the Q550E steel sheet. Considering the discretization of the fatigue performance data, three-point bending load fatigue tests were performed separately for each example for three specimens.
Table 1 lists the dimensions of the test specimens and the corresponding three-point bending load fatigue test parameters for examples 1-6. Table 2 shows the results of the three-point bending load fatigue test for examples 1 to 6.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the fatigue life under a certain load condition is gradually reduced along with the increase of the wall thickness of the steel plate, and the actual situation of a dynamic load service occasion is met. At the same time, the three samples of each example also gave better consistency in fatigue life data.
The invention relates to a method for evaluating fatigue behavior of a welding joint, in particular to a technique for evaluating the common fatigue behavior of the welding joint of a high-strength steel structural member, which has good universal applicability and representativeness in various industrial fields related to dynamic fatigue service, wider coverage and higher popularization value.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for evaluating fatigue behavior of a welded joint aims at the welded joint of a high-strength steel structural member serving in a dynamic load occasion, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out butt welding by adopting two identical substrates to obtain a butt joint with a butt welding seam;
step two, arranging a vertical plate made of the same material as the base plate on the front face of the butt weld, carrying out fillet welding to obtain a fillet weld, and obtaining a sample with a fillet joint and the butt joint, wherein the welding direction of the fillet weld is perpendicular to the welding direction of the butt weld, and the fillet weld intersects with the center of the butt weld;
and thirdly, performing a three-point bending load fatigue test on the sample, placing one surface of the sample, which is provided with the fillet weld and the butt weld, on a tension surface, determining that the sample fails when the pressure head meets a maximum displacement threshold, and taking the corresponding load cycle number as the fatigue life of the sample.
2. The method of evaluating fatigue behavior of a welded joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the sample size satisfies the following relational expression:
W＝(10-σ Y /345)×B
L＝(3.5+σ Y /345)×W
wherein W is the sample width, L is the sample length, B is the substrate thickness, σ Y The base metal yield strength of the substrate.
3. The method of evaluating fatigue behavior of a welded joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the groove of the butt welding is a single-side groove or a double-side groove.
4. The method of evaluating fatigue behavior of a welded joint according to claim 3, characterized in that: the groove is in a V-shaped groove, a Y-shaped groove or a U-shaped groove.
5. The method of evaluating fatigue behavior of a welded joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the welding process method of butt welding comprises manual shielded metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding, tungsten electrode argon arc welding, submerged arc welding, plasma arc welding or laser welding.
6. The method of evaluating fatigue behavior of a welded joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the fillet welding joint is a double-sided fillet welding joint or a single-sided fillet welding joint.
7. The method of evaluating fatigue behavior of a welded joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the welding process method of fillet welding is the same as that of butt welding.
8. The method of evaluating fatigue behavior of a welded joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the maximum bending stress at the central position of the tension surface and the inertia moment corrected by the angle joint satisfy the following relational expression:
S＝(6～7)×B
in the formula, σ max Maximum bending stress at the center of the tension plane, M max The maximum bending moment of the central position of the tension surface is B, the thickness of the substrate is B, the moment of inertia of the central position of the tension surface is I, the loading force of a pressure head is F, the span of a three-point bending sample is S, the width of the sample is W, and the height of an angle joint vertical plate is h.
9. The method of evaluating fatigue behavior of a welded joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the load is controlled by adopting a sine wave.
10. The method of evaluating fatigue behavior of a welded joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second step also comprises the step of carrying out surface macroscopic inspection and manual ultrasonic nondestructive inspection on the sample, wherein the processing roughness R of the side surfaces of the two ends of the sample a Not exceeding 12.5.
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