CN115604507A - Video transmission device based on multi-site cooperation - Google Patents
Video transmission device based on multi-site cooperation Download PDFInfo
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- CN115604507A CN115604507A CN202211197968.9A CN202211197968A CN115604507A CN 115604507 A CN115604507 A CN 115604507A CN 202211197968 A CN202211197968 A CN 202211197968A CN 115604507 A CN115604507 A CN 115604507A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
- H04N21/2385—Channel allocation; Bandwidth allocation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/24—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth, upstream requests
- H04N21/2402—Monitoring of the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. bandwidth available
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
- H04N21/266—Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system, merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel
- H04N21/2662—Controlling the complexity of the video stream, e.g. by scaling the resolution or bitrate of the video stream based on the client capabilities
Abstract
The invention provides a video transmission device based on multi-site cooperation, which reduces the energy consumption of a base station while ensuring the effective transmission of high-bit-rate videos, ensures the video quality by multi-site parallel transmission under the condition of poor channel conditions, and reduces the energy consumption of the base station by selecting at least one link for video stream transmission under the condition of good channel conditions. It comprises the following steps: the video storage module has the functions of caching the original video from the video server and transcoding the video; a DASH video application with a connection to a multi-site link using MPTCP protocol; the base station information processing module has the function of acquiring and processing the physical layer information of the multiple sites to calculate the available air interface bandwidth; the user information processing module has the functions of acquiring the video information of the user client and evaluating the video quality; the video self-adaptive module has the function of combining the multi-site information and the client information to make a video code rate decision; and a path control module.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of video transmission, in particular to a video transmission device based on multi-site cooperation.
Background
At present, the transmission and downloading of internet video mainly adopts a Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) protocol based on HTTP, and high-quality video content can be transmitted to a networked television, a set-top box and a mobile terminal device through a network by using a common video file communication protocol of HTTP. In the video playing process, a client based on a Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) protocol periodically evaluates the current available bandwidth of a network and the performance of the client, and selects an appropriate transmission code rate to download a video segment. However, in a wireless network, the highly dynamic network bandwidth still affects the transmission of video streams, for example, if the link jitter is too large during the transmission of high definition video, the pictures are stuck. The multipath transmission control protocol (MPTCP) is an extended protocol of TCP, and MPTCP can improve link transmission capability by parallel transmission of multiple TCP connections. When watching a video, a user can simultaneously download data streams through the TCP connections respectively corresponding to the plurality of cellular network sites, so that the advantages of larger aggregate bandwidth, higher transmission rate and smoother playing are provided. However, although the existing multi-path parallel transmission method can improve the video transmission quality, the total power consumption consumed by the base station is increased, and link resources are wasted. Therefore, the video transmission mechanism selected by combining the site information and the client information link has very important research significance.
The prior art has the following three technical schemes: prior art one, prior art two, and prior art three.
In the prior art, a video information transmission method, an apparatus, an electronic device, and a storage medium are provided as shown in fig. 1, where the technique monitors different video information transmission channels in a network transmission layer to determine states of the different video information transmission channels. When the frame round-trip delay parameter in the network transmission layer is increased and exceeds the frame round-trip delay parameter threshold value, the video information transmission channel of the video playing terminal is triggered to be switched, and the first video information transmission channel is switched to the target video information transmission channel. Meanwhile, the technology can also select a target video information transmission channel from different video information transmission channels; and transmitting the video information through the target video information transmission channel, so that the most suitable target video information transmission channel is selected to transmit the video information, and the complete transmission of the video information in a network transmission layer is realized. In the prior art, video playing blockage caused by changes of network environment and insufficient decoding capability of a terminal can be reduced, and the use experience of a user is improved;
in the video forwarding transmission problem of the cloud game mainly solved in the prior art, a transmission link is switched through a link delay and a state of a transmission channel, so that the watching experience of a user is improved to a certain extent, but an optimized space still exists, and the specific description is as follows:
1 application limitation: the method obtains the frame round-trip delay parameter, the network delay parameter and the packet loss rate parameter of the network transmission layer to determine the quality of the transmission channel, and is suitable for scenes with low switching frequency under the link variation amplitude.
2 link switching problem: the method is suitable for the problem of fixed video code rate transmission, a better link is selected for the video to be transmitted by acquiring link time delay and link quality, but the scene that two links are not enough to transmit the video to be transmitted at the same time is not considered.
A second prior art provides a data transmission method and an electronic device as shown in fig. 2, in which when an application program of a cloud game is executed, at least two communication connections are established with an application server for providing a service for the cloud game; and then acquiring scene information of the current running game, and dividing the scene information into a non-battle scene and a battle scene. In a battle scene, the application server transmits downlink data in a two-day link redundancy packet sending mode; and when the scene information represents a non-battle scene, informing the application server to select an established communication connection to transmit the downlink data. In the second prior art, the power consumption of the electronic device is reduced through the scheme, and meanwhile, the cost is reduced and the user experience is improved.
The second main problem of solving in the prior art is with high costs among the cloud game video transmission process, and the big problem of consumption has guaranteed to a certain extent that video transmission's time delay has reduced the card pause, has reduced the consumption simultaneously, but still has the space of optimizing. The concrete description is as follows:
1 application limitation: the method is applied to the cloud game, and when the downlink data is transmitted, different links are adopted to transmit the downlink data according to the scene of the game, and the downlink data is transmitted in a main link and a standby link switching mode, so that the power consumption can be reduced, and the cost can be saved. But the division of critical and non-critical scenes is difficult to apply to other video transmission such as video transmission with fixed bitrate.
2 link transmission problem: the invention still adopts a redundant packet sending mode in a key scene to occupy a large amount of resources; in a non-critical scenario, setting the main link and the standby link according to the round trip delay cannot accurately reflect the current link condition, such as low delay but serious link packet loss.
The third prior art discloses a method for performing outdoor live broadcast by using data relay equipment, which is shown in fig. 3, and the method comprises the following steps: live broadcast content is shot through the live broadcast APP of installation on the cell-phone to the anchor, live broadcast APP is video stream data with the video signal real-time coding who shoots, and send video stream data to data relay equipment through WIFI, data relay equipment contains a plurality of network cards, and data relay equipment and video stream server all support the MPTCP agreement completely, data relay equipment passes through the MPTCP agreement and forwards video stream data to the video stream server, when the user need watch the live broadcast, it can directly to visit the video stream server through live broadcast APP and play the video. In the third prior art, on the premise of not performing any upgrading and reconstruction on the anchor device and the user equipment, the multi-path transmission of video stream data is realized, and the problems of unstable network connection and insufficient network bandwidth under the outdoor live broadcast condition are solved with lower cost.
In the third prior art, a method for performing outdoor live broadcast by using data relay equipment through a plurality of connection links solves the problems of unstable equipment network signals and low bandwidth in the traditional outdoor live broadcast, but still has many problems in the practical application process. The concrete description is as follows:
1 application restriction: the method is mainly suitable for outdoor live broadcast uplink video transmission, improves the bandwidth by utilizing multilink parallel transmission, and reduces the blockage risk, but the method mainly considers the transmission of continuous video streams and is not suitable for the transmission of downlink video-on-demand.
2 link transmission problem: the invention divides the data flow into different transmission links by adopting a fixed maximum transmission rate ratio, and is difficult to adapt to the network fluctuation condition in the transmission process of the links; meanwhile, a parallel transmission mode is always adopted by a plurality of links, the turn-off under the condition of small data flow is not considered, and the power consumption is increased.
According to the analysis of the prior art, the invention mainly solves the problem of multi-site cooperative transmission of video streams, and specifically, combines multi-site information and client video information to reduce the energy consumption of a base station while ensuring effective transmission of high-bit-rate video, ensures the video quality through multi-site parallel transmission under the condition of poor channel conditions, and reduces the energy consumption of the base station by selecting at least one link for video stream transmission under the condition of good channel conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a video transmission apparatus based on multi-site coordination, which is based on a video transmission architecture based on multi-site coordination, and reduces the energy consumption of a base station while ensuring effective transmission of a high-rate video, and ensures video quality through multi-site parallel transmission under poor channel conditions, and reduces the energy consumption of the base station by selecting at least one link for video stream transmission under good channel conditions.
Video transmission device based on multi-site coordination, characterized in that it comprises:
the video storage module has the functions of caching the original video from the video server and performing video transcoding;
DASH video application, which is provided with MPTCP protocol to connect multi-site link, and can select link and transmit video with specified code rate according to indication information;
the base station information processing module has the function of acquiring and processing the physical layer information of the multiple sites to calculate the available air interface bandwidth;
the user information processing module has the functions of acquiring the video information of the user client and evaluating the video quality;
the video self-adaptive module has the function of combining the multi-site information and the client information to make a video code rate decision;
and the path control module has the functions of dividing the video data flow and selecting the transmission link according to the link condition of each site and the video code rate guidance given by the code rate self-adapting module.
It is further characterized in that:
the output ends of the user information processing module and the base station information processing module are respectively connected to the code rate self-adapting module, the output end of the code rate self-adapting module is connected to the path control module, the output end of the base station information processing module is also connected to the path control module, and the output ends of the video storage module and the path control module are respectively connected to the DASH video application;
when the device is used specifically, a video storage module, a DASH video application, a base station information processing module, a user information processing module, a video self-adaption module and a path control module device are deployed on an MEC server;
the function of video transcoding of the video storage module is specifically to encode an original video into videos with different code rates required by a DASH protocol by means of an FFmpeg transcoding tool by adopting an H.264 standard;
the multiple sites in the function of the MPTCP protocol of the DASH video application for multi-site link connection include, but are not limited to, a 3G cellular network, a 4G cellular network, or a 5G cellular network;
the base station information processing module has the functions of acquiring and processing multi-site physical layer information to calculate available air interface bandwidth, and comprises the following steps of acquiring other data reflecting the current link condition, such as reference signal receiving quality and reference signal receiving power;
the video adaptive module combines multi-site information and client information to perform video code rate decision making, and the function comprises the following steps of performing code rate adaptation by using a traditional control algorithm or a reinforcement learning algorithm;
the division of the video data flow of the path control module is specifically to divide video stream data packets to each transmission link according to the ratio of the transmission capacities of the stations;
the selection of the transmission link of the path control module comprises the steps of dividing video stream data according to a proportion to carry out multi-link parallel transmission or selecting a certain link to carry out video stream transmission;
the multi-site includes but is not limited to a cellular network, a wireless local area network and various heterogeneous networks formed by the cellular network and the wireless local area network;
the video transmission is also applied to other various scenes including short videos and live broadcast services.
After the method is adopted, based on the multi-site collaborative video streaming transmission system framework shown in fig. 4, the video transmission device based on the multi-site collaboration is deployed on the MEC server, and the physical layer bottom layer information of each site is obtained to calculate the transmission capability of each connection link; the available bandwidth information of each site and the client video cache information are combined to optimize the video code rate in the transmission process, and when the link condition is poor, the video code rate suitable for the current link transmission can be actively adjusted, so that the occurrence of a client jamming event is prevented; the optimization control of a multi-site transmission link is carried out, when the condition of each connection link is poor, a parallel data transmission mode is adopted, and data streams are split according to the calculated sending capacity ratio of each link; and when the link state is good, one link is selected for data transmission, so that the energy consumption of the base station is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a first implementation of the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a second implementation of the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a third prior art implementation;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a multi-site cooperative video streaming system architecture for use with the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of the arrangement of the apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of one embodiment of an MPTCP implementation;
fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of the implementation of the path control module according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the specific implementation of the present invention, a video transmission architecture with multiple sites cooperating is adopted, as shown in fig. 4, the user equipment can establish multiple data transmission links with two or more sites at the same time, and when data is transmitted, the user equipment can select one link or multiple links for parallel transmission, which effectively improves the transmission capability of data. The Mobile Edge server (MEC) is used as an important data Computing and processing node, and can forward a user application request to a remote video server through a core network, and also can cache a video in the video server in advance and directly respond to the user request as a video application, so that the video request delay can be effectively reduced.
The video transmission apparatus based on multipoint coordination, see fig. 5, its corresponding video storage module, DASH video application, base station information processing module, user information processing module, video adaptation module, and path control module apparatus are deployed on the MEC server.
The video storage module, DASH video application, base station information processing module, user information processing module, video adaptation module, and path control module are described in detail below.
The video storage module: the method can download and cache original video from a remote video server, encode the original video into videos with different code rates required by a DASH protocol by using an FFmpeg transcoding tool, and then generate an MPD (Media Presentation Description) through an MP4box multimedia packaging tool, where the MPD is an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file that completely represents all information of the video, including video length, code rate and resolution of different video segments, and segment duration.
DASH video application: the corresponding transmission link can be selected according to the instruction of the path control module to send the video stream with the appointed code rate to the terminal. As shown in fig. 6, the DASH video application divides the data stream of the video application layer into a plurality of sub-streams through the MPTCP protocol, where each sub-stream corresponds to a TCP connection and can be independently sent to the terminal through the site 1 and the site 2; after receiving the two TCP sub-streams, the terminal combines the two sub-streams and then sends the combined sub-stream to a video application layer.
A base station information processing module: the method can simultaneously capture physical layer information of a plurality of connected sites, such as a transmit signal Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) and data of a physical resource block (DLOccupyPRBNum) used in a downlink, then calculate available air interface bandwidth of each site by using a Shannon formula, and send the information of each bandwidth to a code rate self-adaptive module.
A user information processing module: acquiring video code rate R of a terminal player by analyzing a video request HTTP POST instruction sent by UE k Time of calton T k Buffer remaining playing time B k And waiting for the video information to generate the quality QoE of the video, evaluating the quality of the played video, and assisting a code rate self-adaption module to optimize the code rate.
A code rate self-adaptive module: and receiving the available air interface bandwidth numerical value of each site sent by the base station information processing module, and deciding the transmission code rate of the video segment to be requested from the MPD file code rate list by combining the video quality information of the user information processing module, such as the condition of a client video Buffer area Buffer. The operation steps of the embodiment are as follows:
Step 2, obtaining the length B of the buffer area of the current video player from the user information processing module k The buffer length represents the length of the downloaded but not yet played video, and is used for assisting the bitrate adjustment.
Step 3, when the length of the video buffer area is larger than B H When (the length of each video block in this scheme is L =4s, and the maximum length of the buffer is L max ＝20s，B H ＝L max ) Then choose the maximum video code rate R max 。
Step 4, when the length of the video buffer area is less than B L (B L 1.5= l =6 s), the minimum video bitrate R is selected min . At the moment, the video playing buffer area is small, and the video has the risk of blocking, so the minimum code rate is selected to prevent the blocking event.
Step 5, when the length of the video buffer area is B L And B H And when the video coding rate is not determined, the video coding rate is determined according to the estimated available air interface bandwidth. Firstly, the available air interface bandwidth C k Multiplying the reduction factor of 0.9 is used for preventing the selection of the video code rate which cannot be borne by the network bandwidth, and then selecting the network bandwidth R which is not less than the reduced reduction in the video index file k+1 ≤C k *0.9。
A path control module: and dividing the video data block and selecting a transmission link according to the link condition of each site obtained by the base station information processing module and the guide video code rate given by the code rate self-adaption module.
As shown in fig. 7, the specific operation steps are as follows:
step 2. If the video code rate R is guided k+1 Less than the maximum video rate R that can be transmitted max Indicate DASH video application as follows
Is R k+1 And video streams are transmitted to each transmission link in a multi-site parallel transmission mode.
Step 3. If guide code rate R k+1 Equal to the maximum video bitrate R that can be transmitted max Then judge
Or alternatively
Whether or not greater than R max And if the link exists, selecting the link with smaller bandwidth for video transmission. If not, adopting a multi-site parallel transmission mode according to the mode of the step 2.
And (4) sending the guide code rate and the link control information to the DAHS video application module.
The specific embodiment is as follows: experiments test that the technical scheme improves the utilization rate of the QoE of the video and the bandwidth resources of the base station, wherein the QoE expression is as follows:
k denotes the number of downloaded video blocks, q (R) k )＝ln(R k /R min ) The video code rate R k Video quality perception, T, mapping to user k Representing a download code rate of R k Buffer time (calton time) of video block of (2), | q (R) k+1 )-q(R k ) L represents the change in video quality (smoothness), and the weighting coefficients for μ, τ video calton and smoothness take 3.68 and 1.0, respectively. The energy consumption formula of the multi-site coordinated video transmission is as follows:
in the formula (d) T The video scheduling period is 500ms, and epsilon represents that the effective capacitance coefficient of a site equipment computing chip set is 1.0 multiplied by 10 -28 ，f(k 1 ),f(k 1 ) Represents the CPU frequency of the corresponding station when the video clip k is transmitted, δ (·) is an indication function, the station is used as 1, and otherwise 0.
Two scenes are set in an experiment, and the existing Rate adjustment algorithm Rate-based on the downloading Rate of the UE terminal is used as a baseline algorithm for comparison, wherein the experiment scene A is set to be a high-Rate scene close to a site, and the experiment scene B is set to be a low-Rate scene far away from the site; the results of the experimental properties are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Experimental Properties
As shown in table 1, the average video quality and the average QoE performance of the technical solution proposed by the present invention are respectively improved by 16% and 12% compared to the baseline algorithm, and respectively improved by 18% and 17% in scene B. In addition, the energy consumption of the present invention was 69.86J and 89.55J in both scenarios, which were a 29% and 9% reduction, respectively, over the baseline algorithm. The experimental result shows that the technical scheme provided by the invention not only can fully utilize the sending capability of the wireless air interface of the base station to improve the watching experience of a user, but also can reduce the energy consumption of the base station.
The beneficial effects are as follows: the method acquires the physical layer bottom layer information of each station to calculate the transmission capability of each connection link, and compared with the existing scheme of comparing the time delay of the round-trip links, the method has rapid response to dynamic network conditions and can accurately and directly calculate the available air interface bandwidth of each station;
the invention combines the available bandwidth information of each site and the client video cache information to optimize the video code rate in the transmission process, and can actively adjust the video code rate suitable for the current link transmission when the link condition is poor, thereby preventing the occurrence of client jamming events;
3, the invention carries out optimization control of a multi-site transmission link, adopts a parallel data transmission mode when the condition of each connection link is poor, and splits the data stream according to the sending capacity ratio of each link obtained by calculation; and when the link state is good, one link is selected for data transmission, so that the energy consumption of the base station is reduced.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. Video transmission device based on multi-site coordination, characterized in that it includes:
the video storage module has the functions of caching the original video from the video server and performing video transcoding;
DASH video application, which is provided with MPTCP protocol to connect multi-site link, and can select link and transmit video with specified code rate according to indication information;
the base station information processing module has the function of acquiring and processing the physical layer information of the multiple sites to calculate the available air interface bandwidth;
the user information processing module has the functions of acquiring the video information of the user client and evaluating the video quality;
the video self-adaptive module has the function of combining the multi-site information and the client information to make a video code rate decision;
and the path control module has the functions of dividing video data flow and selecting transmission links according to the link condition of each site and the guide video code rate given by the code rate self-adaption module.
2. The video transmission apparatus based on multi-site coordination according to claim 1, characterized in that: the output ends of the user information processing module and the base station information processing module are respectively connected to the code rate self-adaptive module, the output end of the code rate self-adaptive module is connected to the path control module, the output end of the base station information processing module is also connected to the path control module, and the output ends of the video storage module and the path control module are respectively connected to the DASH video application.
3. The video transmission apparatus based on multi-site cooperation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the video storage module, the DASH video application, the base station information processing module, the user information processing module, the video self-adapting module and the path control module device are deployed on the MEC server.
4. The video transmission apparatus based on multi-site coordination according to claim 1, characterized in that: the function of video transcoding of the video storage module is specifically to encode an original video into videos with different code rates required by a DASH protocol by using an FFmpeg transcoding tool and adopting an h.264 standard.
5. The video transmission apparatus based on multi-site coordination according to claim 1, characterized in that: the multi-site in the function of the MPTCP protocol of the DASH video application for multi-site link connection includes, but is not limited to, a 3G cellular network, a 4G cellular network, or a 5G cellular network.
6. The video transmission apparatus based on multi-site coordination according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base station information processing module has the function of acquiring and processing multi-site physical layer information to calculate available air interface bandwidth, and the function comprises acquiring other data reflecting the current link condition, such as reference signal receiving quality and reference signal receiving power.
7. The video transmission apparatus based on multi-site cooperation according to claim 1, wherein: the video adaptive module combines multi-site information and client information to perform video code rate decision making, and the function comprises the code rate adaptation performed by using a traditional control algorithm or a reinforcement learning algorithm.
8. The video transmission apparatus based on multi-site cooperation according to claim 1, wherein: the path control module divides the video data flow, specifically, video stream data packets are divided to each transmission link according to the transmission capacity ratio of each site; the selection of the transmission link of the path control module comprises the steps of dividing video stream data according to the proportion to carry out the parallel transmission of multiple links or selecting a certain link to carry out the video stream transmission.
9. The video transmission apparatus based on multi-site coordination according to claim 1, characterized in that: the multi-site includes but is not limited to cellular networks, wireless local area networks, and various heterogeneous networks consisting of cellular networks and wireless local area networks.
10. The video transmission apparatus based on multi-site coordination according to claim 1, characterized in that: the video transmission is also applied to short video and live broadcast services.
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