CN115600070B - Method for predicting polar orbit satellite encountering polar photoelectrons - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for indicating that polar orbit satellites encounter polar photoelectrons, which comprises the following steps: calculating the geographic coordinates of the in-orbit running space position of the polar orbit satellite according to a fixed time interval; converting the space position geographic coordinates of the polar orbit satellite into geomagnetic coordinates; inputting a geomagnetic activity Kp index based on the polar band boundary model, and determining polar and equatorial boundaries of a polar band region; and determining the orbit position of the polar orbit satellite in the polar light band area based on the geomagnetic coordinates and the polar light band area of the polar orbit satellite to obtain the longest duration time of the polar orbit satellite in the polar light band area and the probability of the polar orbit satellite encountering polar light electrons. The invention can realize the rapid analysis of the space position, duration and encounter probability of the polar light electrons encountered by the near-earth polar orbit satellite under different geomagnetic activity conditions, and provides a basis for evaluating the charging and discharging risks of the polar orbit satellite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polar orbit satellites, in particular to a method for predicting polar orbit satellites encountering polar photoelectrons.
Background
Aurora is a phenomenon that magnetic layer particles enter the atmosphere to excite the atmosphere to emit light, and can be clearly seen in an aurora photo shot by a satellite, and the aurora appears in an oval strip surrounding a ground magnetic pole and is called as an aurora strip. The polar light band is about 20 degrees from the earth magnetic pole and slightly moves to one side of night, wherein the polar light is most frequently appeared near the night and the intensity is also the maximum. In the south and north polar regions, the south light and the north light with similar forms and similar evolution processes can be observed at the same time, which is a conjugate polar light phenomenon excited by magnetic layer particles respectively settling to the south and north polar regions along the same magnetic line.
The precipitation particles (especially electrons) causing aurora can act on the surface of a satellite operating in a near earth polar orbit, and bring the risk of surface charge-discharge effect.
On low earth orbits, solar ultraviolet radiation can ionize oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the earth's neutral atmosphere, forming a plasma. Since the plasma on the LEO orbit is mainly derived from the ionization effect of solar ultraviolet radiation, the plasma density varies with the solar activity and the time. Normally, the cold plasma of ionized layer on LEO orbit does not generally cause serious satellite charging problem, but during geomagnetic activity, hot plasma of keV magnitude injected from magnetic tail can be injected along the earth magnetic line to very low height in polar region, and the satellite in near earth orbit may encounter the hot plasma, especially the electrons therein may cause serious charging problem to the satellite. Data of a DMSP (a DMSP orbit is about 840km and an inclination angle of 99 degrees) of a current American national defense meteorological satellite running in a near earth polar orbit actually measured shows that the energy of aurora sedimentation electrons possibly encountered in a bipolar polar band region (55 degrees to 75 degrees of geomagnetic latitude) can reach several keV magnitude. It should be noted that the flux of the aurora-precipitating electrons may significantly exceed the GEO orbit due to the convergence of the magnetic lines of the earth's two poles.
At present, in the field of engineering application, a predictive method for the position and duration of an aurora sedimentation electron possibly encountered by a polar orbit satellite in a dipolar region is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for predicting that a polar orbiting satellite encounters an aurora.
The invention discloses a method for indicating that polar orbit satellites encounter polar photoelectrons, which comprises the following steps:
calculating the geographic coordinates of the in-orbit running space position of the polar orbit satellite according to a fixed time interval;
converting the space position geographic coordinates of the polar orbit satellite into geomagnetic coordinates;
inputting a geomagnetic activity Kp index based on the polar band boundary model, and determining polar and equatorial boundaries of a polar band region;
determining the orbit position of the polar orbit satellite in the polar light band based on the geomagnetic coordinates and the polar light band area coordinates of the polar orbit satellite, and counting the longest duration time of the polar orbit satellite in the polar light band and the probability of the polar orbit satellite encountering polar light electrons.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the calculating the geographic coordinates of the spatial position of the orbiting of the polar orbiting satellite comprises:
acquiring orbit parameters of a polar orbit satellite; wherein the orbit parameters include a perigee height, a apogee height, and an inclination angle;
inputting the orbit parameters of the polar orbit satellite into an SGP4 orbit calculation program, and outputting the geographic coordinates of the spatial positions of the polar orbit satellite at different moments on the orbit according to a fixed time interval; wherein the spatial location geographic coordinates include longitude, latitude, and altitude; preferably, the fixed time interval is 60s, and 1440 geospatial points of the spatial position of the polar orbiting satellite on the orbit are output one day.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the converting the spatial position geographical coordinates of the polar orbit satellite into geomagnetic coordinates includes:
converting the space position geographic coordinates of the polar orbit satellite into geomagnetic coordinates adopted by a polar light band model based on a geomagnetic coordinate calculation program to obtain magnetic geotime information of the polar orbit satellite in a geomagnetic coordinate system; preferably, the geomagnetic coordinate points of the 1440 polar satellites can be obtained by conversion on a geomagnetic coordinate system.
As a further improvement of the invention, the calculation formula of the polar direction and equatorial direction boundary of the auroral zone region is as follows:
θ m ＝A 0m +A 1m cos[15(t+α 1m )]+A 2m cos[15(2t+α 2m )]+A 3m cos[15(3t+α 3m )]
AL＝18-12.3Kp+27.2Kp 2 -2Kp 3
wherein m =0 or 1, respectively corresponding to the polar and equatorial directions; theta m As the polar or equatorial boundary of the magnetic latitude, i.e. theta 0 The magnetic latitude of the polar boundary of the polar band region theta 1 The magnetic latitude is the equatorial direction boundary geomagnetic latitude of the aurora zone region; when t is a magnetic ground, A im And alpha im Respectively representing the amplitude of the magnetic latitude and the phase in decimal hours, coefficient A of the equation im And alpha im Is a third order polynomial of AL exponent, i is 0-3, representing the order, for each A im And alpha im All have a series of coefficients b im The value is obtained. (ii) a The AL index is used for describing the geomagnetic disturbance intensity during the aurora activity, and can be calculated by a Kp index, wherein the range of the Kp index is 0 to 9,0 represents that the geomagnetic activity is quite calm, and 5 or more than 5 represents that the geomagnetic storm state exists; the Kp index is the average value of the maximum perturbation of the geomagnetic field horizontal component in 3 hours of the mid-latitude global range; the input geomagnetic Kp index can be selected according to actual requirements, if prediction of a certain future day (such as tomorrow) is required to be realized, a prediction value can be obtained by adopting the future geomagnetic Kp index, and polar and equatorial boundaries of an auroral zone region are determined based on the Kp index; if the worst case evaluation of the longest duration and probability of polar orbit satellite encountering aurora is required, the maximum value of the Kp index can be selected as an input parameter.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the method for calculating the longest duration of the polar orbiting satellite in the polar light zone region comprises:
counting continuous geomagnetic coordinate points of satellite space positions in a polar light band;
selecting a track section with the most continuous geomagnetic coordinate points in the satellite space position;
the total duration of the trajectory segment, i.e. the longest duration of the polar orbiting satellite in the polar band region, is determined based on a set fixed time interval (60 s).
As a further improvement of the present invention, the method for calculating the probability of encountering an aurora electron by a polar orbiting satellite comprises:
acquiring the number M of geomagnetic coordinate points of all spatial positions generated by a polar orbit satellite in one day;
counting all coordinate points N of polar orbit satellites in a day in an aurora zone region;
and calculating the probability P = N/M that the polar orbit satellite encounters the polar light electrons.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method comprises the steps of converting space position coordinates of polar orbit satellite orbits into geomagnetic coordinates of polar light band distribution by determining the positions of polar light band boundaries under different geomagnetic activity conditions; therefore, the space position, the duration and the encounter probability of the polar light electron encountered by the near-earth polar orbit satellite under different geomagnetic activity conditions can be quickly analyzed, and a basis is provided for evaluating the charging and discharging risks of the polar orbit satellite.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for predicting when a polar orbiting satellite encounters an aurora;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of polar band boundaries and polar orbiting satellite orbital sub-satellite points, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows the polar band situation encountered by a polar orbiting satellite with Kp =5 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings, taking a 1100km/86.4 ° low earth orbit satellite as an example:
as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for predicting that an 1100km/86.4 ° low earth polar orbit satellite encounters an aurora, comprising:
step 1, acquiring orbit parameters such as a near-earth altitude, a far-earth altitude, an inclination angle and the like of a near-earth polar orbit satellite; and sequentially inputting the information into an SGP4 orbit calculation program to obtain longitude, latitude and altitude information corresponding to the spatial positions of the low earth polar orbit satellite on the orbit at different moments at a time interval of 60s.
Step 2, converting the spatial position geographical coordinates of the near-earth polar orbit satellite into geomagnetic coordinates by using a geomagnetic coordinate calculation program, namely obtaining magnetic geotemporal information of the near-earth polar orbit satellite in a geomagnetic coordinate system based on longitude, latitude and height information of the near-earth polar orbit satellite in the geographical coordinate system; in which 1440 polar satellites can be obtained in one day.
Step 3, calculating the polar direction and equatorial direction boundaries of the polar light band region under the condition of geomagnetic Kp index by using a polar light band boundary model provided by Starkov; wherein,
the geomagnetic parameter on which the polar band boundary model depends is an AL index, which describes the geomagnetic disturbance intensity during polar light activities; the AL index can be calculated from the Kp index, and is given by the formula:
AL＝18-12.3Kp+27.2Kp 2 -2Kp 3
the polar band boundary θ (geomagnetic latitude) given by the model can be expressed as:
θ m ＝A 0m +A 1m cos[15(t+α 1m )]+A 2m cos[15(2t+α 2m )]+A 3m cos[15(3t+α 3n )]
wherein A is im And alpha im Respectively representing the amplitude of the magnetic latitude anywhere and the phase in decimal hours, t being the magnetic local time. m =0/1 corresponds to the polar and equatorial aurora boundaries, respectively. Coefficient A of the equation im And alpha im Third order polynomial for AL index:
for each A im And alpha im All have a series of coefficients b im A value; see table 1 for details.
TABLE 1
As shown in fig. 2, the sections formed by the upper and lower wavy lines (thick black dots) obtained by the present invention are polar light bands of the north and south poles, and the thin black dots are satellite orbit sub-satellite dots, which are 1440 sub-satellite dots in total. As shown in fig. 3, the satellite encounters a polar band condition under Kp =5, in the figure, 2 oval bands surround a polar band region, and the dot is a satellite orbital motion intersatellite point.
Step 4, determining the orbit position of the polar orbit satellite in the polar light band area based on the geomagnetic coordinates and the polar light band area of the polar orbit satellite to obtain the longest duration time of the polar orbit satellite in the polar light band area and the probability of the polar orbit satellite encountering polar light electrons;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
a method of calculating the maximum duration of a polar orbiting satellite in an aurora zone, comprising:
counting continuous geomagnetic coordinate points of the spatial position of the polar orbit satellite in the polar light band region;
selecting a track section with the most continuous geomagnetic coordinate points of the satellite space position;
the total duration of the trajectory segment, i.e. the longest duration of the polar orbiting satellite in the polar band region, is determined based on a set fixed time interval (60 s).
The method for calculating the probability of encountering polar light electrons by the polar orbit satellite comprises the following steps:
acquiring the number M of geomagnetic coordinate points of all spatial positions generated by a polar orbit satellite in one day;
counting all coordinate points N of polar orbit satellites in a day in an aurora zone region;
and calculating the probability P = N/M that the polar orbit satellite encounters the polar light electrons.
The longest duration that the polar satellite is located in the polar region and the probability that the polar satellite suffers from polar settlement electrons under different geomagnetic Kp conditions are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
| Maximum duration | Probability of encountering extreme light band | |
| Kp＝0 | 4 minutes | 3.9％ |
| Kp＝5 | 10 minutes | 8.6％ |
| Kp＝9 | 10 minutes | 10.3％ |
The invention has the advantages that:
the method comprises the steps of converting space position coordinates of a polar orbit satellite orbit into geomagnetic coordinates of polar band distribution by determining the positions of polar band boundaries under different geomagnetic activity conditions; based on the method, the space position, the duration and the encounter probability of the polar light electrons encountered by the near-earth polar orbit satellite under different geomagnetic activity conditions can be quickly analyzed, and a basis is provided for evaluating the charging and discharging risks of the polar orbit satellite.
The present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment, and it is not intended to be limited to the embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for predicting polar satellite encounter with polar photoelectrons, comprising:
calculating the geographic coordinates of the in-orbit running space position of the polar orbit satellite according to a fixed time interval;
converting the space position geographic coordinates of the polar orbit satellite into geomagnetic coordinates;
inputting a geomagnetic activity Kp index based on the polar band boundary model, and determining polar and equatorial boundaries of a polar band region;
and determining the orbit position of the polar orbit satellite in the polar light band area based on the geomagnetic coordinates and the polar light band area coordinates of the polar orbit satellite, and counting the longest duration time of the polar orbit satellite in the polar light band and the probability of the polar orbit satellite encountering polar light electrons.
2. The method of predicting when a polar orbiting satellite encounters an aurora electronic as in claim 1, wherein said calculating the geospatial position of the orbital motion of the polar orbiting satellite comprises:
acquiring the orbit parameters of the polar orbit satellite; wherein the orbit parameters include a perigee height, a apogee height, and an inclination angle;
inputting the orbit parameters of the polar orbit satellite into an SGP4 orbit calculation program, and outputting the spatial position geographical coordinates of the polar orbit satellite at different moments on the orbit according to a fixed time interval; wherein the spatial location geographic coordinates include longitude, latitude, and altitude.
3. A method of predicting exposure of a polar satellite to an aurora of claim 2, wherein the fixed time interval is 60s.
4. The method of predicting polar orbiting satellite encounter with polar photoelectrons of claim 1, wherein said converting the spatial position geographical coordinates of the polar orbiting satellite into geomagnetic coordinates comprises:
and converting the space position geographical coordinates of the polar orbit satellite into geomagnetic coordinates adopted by the polar light band model based on a geomagnetic coordinate calculation program to obtain magnetic geotime information of the polar orbit satellite in a geomagnetic coordinate system.
5. The method of predicting the encounter of a polar satellite with an aurora electron according to claim 1, wherein the polar and equatorial boundaries of the aurora zone are calculated by the formula:
θ m ＝A 0m +A 1m cos[15(t+α 1m )]+A 2m cos[15(2t+α 2m )]+A 3m cos[15(3t+α 3m )]
AL＝18-12.3Kp+27.2Kp 2 -2Kp 3
wherein m =0 or 1, respectively corresponding to the polar and equatorial directions; theta.theta. m The magnetic latitude of the polar or equatorial boundary, A im And alpha im Respectively representing the amplitude of the satellite magnetic latitude and the phase represented by decimal hours, and when t is the magnetic place, i is 0-3 to represent the order; AL is the intensity of the geomagnetic disturbance for each A im And alpha im All have a series of coefficients b im The value is obtained.
6. The method of predicting the encounter of a polar satellite with an aurora of claim 1, wherein the method of calculating the longest duration that the polar satellite is in an aurora zone comprises:
counting continuous geomagnetic coordinate points of the space positions of polar orbit satellites in the polar light band region;
selecting a track section with the most continuous geomagnetic coordinate points in the satellite space position;
the total duration of the trajectory segment is determined based on a set fixed time interval, i.e., the longest duration of the polar orbiting satellite in the polar band region.
7. The method for predicting the polar orbiting satellite encountering an aurora electron according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the probability that the polar orbiting satellite encounters an aurora electron comprises:
acquiring the number M of geomagnetic coordinate points of all spatial positions generated by a polar orbit satellite in one day;
counting all coordinate points N in the polar light band region within one day;
and calculating the probability P = N/M that the polar orbit satellite encounters the polar light electrons.
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| 赵呈选 等.极光电子沉降下的极轨航天器尾区带电模拟.《中国物理学会第二十届全国静电学术会议论文集》.2015,第173-176页. * |
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