CN115598727A - Method for determining hot uranium ore scenic spot - Google Patents

Abstract

This application relates to a method for analyzing geological bodies with the help of physical and chemical properties of geological bodies, and specifically relates to a method for determining the prospect area of hydrothermal uranium deposits, including: determining the first area in the exploration area, the first area is distributed with at least The area of anomalous area corresponding to one element group; determine the second area in the exploration area, the second area is the area where the ore-forming siliceous veins are located; determine the third area in the exploration area, the third area is the area in the exploration area The area where the uranium content in the surface rock is greater than the preset value, and the markers in the surface rock have both rigid deformation and plastic deformation; determine hydrothermal uranium deposits based on one or more of the first area, the second area, and the third area Prospect area.

Description

Method for Determining the Prospective Area of Hydrothermal Uranium Deposit

technical field

The application relates to a method for analyzing a geological body by means of its physical and chemical properties, and specifically relates to a method for determining a prospect area of a hydrothermal uranium deposit.

Background technique

Determining uranium prospect areas is an important step in uranium prospecting. If the prospect areas can be determined accurately and comprehensively, the efficiency of ore prospecting can be improved, and wrong ore ore leakage can be avoided. The methods for determining hydrothermal uranium prospect areas provided in the related art are usually not accurate and comprehensive enough.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above problems, the present application is proposed in order to provide a method for determining hydrothermal uranium prospect areas that overcomes the above problems or at least partially solves the above problems.

An embodiment of the present application provides a method for determining a hydrothermal uranium prospect area, including: determining the first area in the exploration area, the first area is an area distributed with at least one abnormal area corresponding to an element group, and the element group includes The first element group, the second element group, the third element group and the fourth element group, the first element group includes uranium and thorium, the second element group includes one or more incompatible elements of uranium, the third element The first group includes one or more chlophilic elements, the fourth element group includes one or more volatile elements, and the abnormal area is the area where the content of at least one element in the element group is higher than the corresponding abnormal threshold value, and the abnormal threshold value is based on Determine the content distribution of the corresponding elements in the exploration area; determine the second area in the exploration area, the second area is the area where the ore-forming siliceous veins are located; determine the third area in the exploration area, the third area is the area in the exploration area The uranium content in the surface rocks is greater than the preset value, and the markers in the surface rocks have both rigid deformation and plastic deformation; determine the hydrothermal uranium based on one or more of the first area, the second area, and the third area Mine prospect area.

The method for determining the hydrothermal uranium prospect area according to the embodiment of the present application can determine the hydrothermal uranium prospect area more accurately and comprehensively.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining a hydrothermal uranium prospect area according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of markers of primary deformation strength according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the marker structure of the secondary deformation strength according to the embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the marker structure of the three-level deformation strength according to the embodiment of the present application.

detailed description

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solution of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Apparently, the described embodiment is one embodiment of the present application, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the application shall have the usual meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the application belongs. If the descriptions such as "first" and "second" are involved in the whole text, the descriptions such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish similar objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance, sequence, etc. The order or the number of technical features indicated by implicit indication should be understood as "first", "second" and other described data can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances. If "and/or" appears throughout the text, it means to include three parallel plans, taking "A and/or B" as an example, including plan A, or plan B, or a plan that satisfies both A and B.

Embodiments of the present application provide a method for determining a prospect area of a hydrothermal uranium deposit, referring to FIG. 1 , including:

Step S102: Determine the first area in the survey area.

Step S104: Determine the second area in the survey area.

Step S106: Determine the third area in the survey area.

Step S108: Determine the hydrothermal uranium prospect area in the exploration area based on one or more of the first area, the second area and the third area.

In this embodiment, the exploration area can be the area selected by those skilled in the art according to any suitable method and needs to carry out hydrothermal uranium exploration. There can be certain geological work foundations in the exploration area. For example, there may be existing For the discovered hydrothermal uranium ore body, the method provided by this application can be used to determine the prospect area of hydrothermal uranium ore in the area where no further geological work has been carried out in the exploration area, so as to guide the development of the next geological work .

The first area in step S102 refers to the area where at least one abnormal area corresponding to the element group is distributed. The distribution of uranium ore usually makes the content of some indicator elements abnormal, and the abnormal area of these elements usually forms a superimposed field , the first area determined in this application is the area where the abnormal distribution of these elements is distributed, and the first area can indicate the existence of uranium ore to a certain extent.

In order to determine the first region more accurately, this application proposes four different element groups, each element group includes one or more elements, the elements in the same element group have the same or similar properties, but different groups of element groups are not the same in nature. All these element groups can be enriched in ore-forming fluids, and, due to the different properties of these element groups, the supergene effect after the formation of uranium ore usually does not affect all the element groups, therefore, combining these element groups The content of elements in the first area is determined with a high degree of accuracy.

The first element group is the ore-forming element group, which mainly includes uranium, which is a symbolic enrichment element during the formation of hydrothermal uranium deposits. In some embodiments, the first group of elements may include only uranium. In some embodiments, the first element group may also include thorium, and there is a certain correlation between thorium and uranium content, so it can also be considered as a symbolic enrichment element during the formation of hydrothermal uranium ore.

The second element group includes one or more ore-forming elements (mainly uranium and thorium) that belong to the same incompatible elements. The incompatible elements refer to the mineral crystallization process of magma or hydrothermal fluid that tends to be enriched in the liquid phase Due to their low concentration, certain trace elements cannot form independent minerals, limited by their ionic radius, charge and chemical bonds, it is difficult to enter the crystal structure of rock-forming minerals, and they are relatively enriched in residual magma or hydrothermal fluid. The incompatible elements of uranium refer to the incompatible elements that are enriched together with uranium during the ore-forming process. The common incompatible elements of uranium include but are not limited to lithium, cesium, rubidium, niobium, etc.

The third element group includes one or more chalophile elements, common chalcophile elements may include but not limited to molybdenum, copper, lead, zinc, bismuth, antimony, etc., these chalcophile elements can reflect the reducing characteristics of ore-forming fluids , and these chalcophilic elements will also be co-enriched with uranium during the ore-forming process.

The fourth element group includes one or more volatile elements. Volatile elements refer to the components contained in magma that are easy to volatilize (it is easy to volatilize when heated under air-isolated conditions). The volatile content in magma is important for the crystallization of magma. And mineralization has a certain influence, common volatile elements can include but not limited to fluorine, sulfur and so on.

The properties of the four element groups have been specifically described above, and some elements that meet these properties have been listed. In the process of specific implementation, those skilled in the art can determine the specific elements in each element group according to the actual situation in the survey area. The contained elements, for example, can be selected from the elements listed above with reference to the existing physical and chemical prospecting results, exploration data, and geological data in the exploration area, or from other elements that meet the properties described above, At the same time, those skilled in the art can also specifically determine the number of elements included in each element group from the perspectives of survey efficiency, survey cost, and accuracy requirements, which is not specifically limited in this application.

Abnormal area refers to the area where the content of at least one element in the corresponding element group is higher than the corresponding abnormal threshold, specifically, if in an area, the content of at least one element in the element group is higher than the corresponding abnormal threshold, the area can be considered as an abnormal area corresponding to the element group, and the abnormal threshold here can be determined based on the content distribution of the element in the exploration area. The specific determination method can refer to the element abnormal value of related technologies The determination method, the method for determining the abnormality threshold used in some embodiments will also be described in detail in the relevant part below, and will not be repeated here.

In step S104, the second area needs to be determined, and the second area refers to the area where ore-forming siliceous veins are distributed. The distribution of hydrothermal uranium ore is closely related to siliceous veins, and the spatial distribution range of hydrothermal uranium ore bodies is relatively small, but the distribution range of siliceous veins related to hydrothermal uranium ore formation is often Therefore, this application proposes to determine the second area where the ore-forming siliceous veins are located, so as to guide the determination of the subsequent hydrothermal uranium prospect area.

In step S108, the third area needs to be determined. The third area refers to the area where the uranium content in the surface rock is greater than the preset value, and the markers in the surface rock have both rigid deformation and plastic deformation. The markers here include quartz, Feldspar, mica, etc.

It is proposed in this application that the deformation characteristics of markers are derived phenomena of macroscopic structure, which can not only reveal macroscopic structure controlling rock and ore, but also reveal the mechanism of mineralization and diagenesis such as the activation, migration, and accumulation of uranium elements.

Specifically, the present application proposes that the rigid deformation that occurs in the marker is the deformation that occurs under the action of stress, which can reveal the existence of the fracture structure there from a microscopic point of view, and the rigid deformation may include the structure of the marker under the action of stress. Deformation such as cracking, breaking, chipping, and broken spots. The plastic deformation in the marker is based on the rigid deformation, and the further deformation occurs under the transformation of the thermal fluid, which can reveal the activity of the thermal fluid from a microscopic point of view. The plastic deformation can include the deformation in the marker. Changes in light absorption, changes in structure, appearance of new structures, etc.

If the markers in the surface rocks have rigid deformation and plastic deformation at the same time, it means that there is fault structure deformation and magmatic activity, and there is the development of hydrothermal fluid, which is conducive to the mineralization of hydrothermal uranium ore. Only rigid deformation occurs in the uranium, which means that although there is fault structural deformation, magma and hydrothermal fluid are not developed here, which is not conducive to the mineralization of hydrothermal uranium ore.

It can be understood that the first region, the second region and the third region determined above can all indicate the distribution of hydrothermal uranium deposits, and each of the three regions indicates the distribution of uranium deposits from different angles, therefore, In step S108, the hydrothermal uranium ore prospect area can be determined based on one or more of the first area, the second area and the third area, that is, the hydrothermal uranium ore prospect area is determined comprehensively in the above three areas, thereby ensuring In order to ensure the accuracy and comprehensiveness of determining the prospect area of hydrothermal uranium deposits.

In some embodiments, the area where at least one of the first area, the second area and the third area exists may be determined as a hydrothermal uranium prospect area, that is, the union of the three areas is determined as a hydrothermal uranium mine Prospective areas, which will make the identified hydrothermal uranium prospects more comprehensive. In some embodiments, the overlapping area of the first area, the second area and the third area can be determined as the hydrothermal uranium ore prospect area, that is, the intersection of the three areas is determined as the hydrothermal uranium ore prospect area, which will It will make the determined hydrothermal uranium prospect area more accurate.

Several methods that can be used to determine the first area are specifically described below.

In some embodiments, the anomalous area corresponding to each element group may be firstly determined in the survey area. Those skilled in the art can set sampling points in the exploration area for sampling, and analyze the element content of the collected samples to determine the content distribution of each element in the exploration area, and then determine the abnormal area corresponding to each element group. Those skilled in the art can analyze the elemental content of the collected samples with reference to the relevant petrochemical analysis standards, and can choose different analysis methods for different elements, for example, for trace elements, such as in the second element group Elements can be determined by plasma mass spectrometry, and major elements, such as some sulfur-philic elements in the third element group, can be determined by means of X-fluorescence spectroscopy, which is not limited.

The abnormal area corresponding to each element group can be determined by means of the element content distribution diagram. For example, if there is only one element in an element group, the abnormal area in the element content distribution diagram can be directly used as the abnormal area of the element group. If an element group contains multiple elements, the content distribution diagrams of these elements can be superimposed to obtain the abnormal area of the element group. As an example, in the process of superimposing the content distribution map, for the convenience of identification, one element can be selected as the main element, and its content can be displayed in gray color blocks, while other elements can be displayed using contour lines of different colors. display, and can only display the contour corresponding to its abnormal threshold. And with the help of the area where the gray color block is located and the area circled by the contour lines of each element, the abnormal area corresponding to the element group is jointly determined.

In some other embodiments, those skilled in the art may use other methods to perform statistical analysis on the obtained element contents to determine the abnormal area, which is not limited.

After determining the abnormal regions corresponding to each element group, the first region can be determined according to the distribution of these abnormal regions. Since the abnormal area in this application indicates that the content of at least one element in an element group is higher than the preset value in this area, if there is an abnormal area corresponding to an element group in an area, the area can be identified Determined as the first area.

In some embodiments, the boundary of the abnormal area in this area can be directly determined as the boundary of the first area, and in some other embodiments, a certain buffer can also be set on the outer circle of the boundary of the abnormal area in this area area, the boundary of the first area is determined based on the boundary of the buffer area.

In some embodiments, if anomaly regions corresponding to multiple element groups are superimposedly distributed in an area, the boundaries of the first region can be jointly determined based on the boundaries of these anomalous regions, for example, so that the first region at least completely covers These anomalies, or, at least, completely cover the areas where these anomalies overlap each other.

In the method provided in the embodiment of the present application, four element groups that can indicate the distribution of hydrothermal uranium ore fields are given. Based on the abnormal areas of these element groups, it is determined that the first area can overcome the supergene pair after the formation of hydrothermal uranium ore. The influence of the migration of the active elements makes the determined first region more precise.

In some embodiments, as described above, there may be known hydrothermal uranium ore bodies in the exploration area, so the anomalous area can be determined before the first area is determined in the exploration area based on the distribution of anomalous areas. The spatial relationship with the known hydrothermal uranium ore bodies in the exploration area can further ensure the accuracy of the first area determined.

Understandably, if there is an obvious spatial relationship between the distribution of the anomalous area and the known hydrothermal uranium ore bodies, it means that the determined anomalous area has a more obvious indication for the distribution of hydrothermal uranium ore bodies , according to these anomalous areas to determine the first area in the unknown area can have a high accuracy, if there is no associated spatial relationship between the distribution of anomalous areas and known hydrothermal uranium ore bodies, or some element groups There is no associated spatial relationship between the corresponding anomalous areas and known hydrothermal uranium ore bodies, which may indicate that the anomalous areas corresponding to these element groups are difficult to effectively indicate the distribution of hydrothermal uranium deposits, and these element groups may need to be adjusted elements included in , or groups of elements that need to be excluded.

In some embodiments, after the first area is determined, the level of the first area may be further determined based on the number of superimposed abnormal areas in the first area, and the level represents the probability of ore-bearing in the first area.

Determining the level of the first region is helpful to better guide the next step of exploration work. Understandably, the more the number of superimposed anomalous regions in the determined first region, the more the types of element groups enriched in this place will be. The more, which in turn means that the first area has a higher probability of ore-bearing compared with other first areas with only a small number of anomalous areas. In the follow-up exploration work, the first area can be preferentially targeted. region to develop.

In some embodiments, the level of the first region can be divided into four levels based on ore-bearing probability from high to low. If the anomalous areas corresponding to four element groups are superimposedly distributed in the first area, it can be considered that the first area is the first level, and the probability of ore-bearing is the highest. If there are anomalous areas corresponding to any three element groups superimposedly distributed, then the first area can be considered as the second level. If there are anomalous areas corresponding to any two element groups superimposedly distributed, then the first area can be considered as a third-level. If only one anomalous area corresponding to one element group is distributed, then the first area can be considered as the fourth level, with the lowest probability of ore-bearing.

In some other embodiments, those skilled in the art can further divide the level of the first region by combining the specific types of element groups corresponding to the abnormal regions in the first region. It is understandable that although the four element groups Both can indicate the distribution of hydrothermal uranium deposits, but there may be differences in the indication effects of different element groups. If there are abnormal areas corresponding to two element groups in a certain two first areas, it can be further based on the specific element The levels of the two first regions are distinguished by group type, and those skilled in the art can select according to actual conditions, so details will not be repeated here.

In some embodiments, as described above, the elements specifically included in the four elements can be determined based on existing geological data in the survey area. Specifically, various element groups can be determined based on the characteristics of the element groups in the survey area. Element group characteristics refer to the content distribution characteristics of each element in the exploration area, the correlation relationship between the contents of each element, etc. Determining multiple element groups based on element group characteristics can exclude some elements without obvious enrichment characteristics in advance and improve efficiency.

The geochemical data in the exploration area can be used to preliminarily obtain the element distribution characteristics in the exploration area, and then determine the elements included in each element group. In some embodiments, if there is a known hydrothermal uranium ore body in the exploration area, the elements included in the element group can be specifically determined based on the characteristics of the element group where the hydrothermal uranium ore body is located.

In some embodiments, as described above, the abnormal area corresponding to each element group can be determined by means of sampling and element content analysis. Specifically, multiple sampling points can be set in the survey area, and each sampling point can be collected separately. The samples at the points are analyzed for element content to determine the content distribution of the elements in the element group in the exploration area. Next, based on the content distribution of each element in the exploration area, the abnormal threshold value corresponding to each element can be determined respectively, and based on the distribution of each element in the exploration area and the abnormal threshold value corresponding to each element, determine the corresponding abnormal threshold value of each element. The abnormal area corresponding to the element group.

In some embodiments, the sampling points can be set in the survey area in a grid-like manner, which can ensure the comprehensiveness of sampling and facilitate the subsequent analysis of the obtained element content.

As an example, the sampling points may be set with a grid density of 100m×100m, sampling may be performed at the sampling points in the form of drilling, and the drilling depth may be set to 10-20m. In some embodiments, in order to ensure the accuracy of the sampling points, a layout map of the sampling points in the survey area can be established first, and then the position of each sampling point can be calibrated by means of a handheld GPS detection device or the like. In some embodiments, in order to ensure that the collected samples can obtain more accurate data, it is necessary to avoid landslides, aeolian deposits, plant roots, etc. A sample of the impact of the activity.

In some embodiments, in the process of setting sampling points, the alteration zone in the survey area can be determined first, and then the sampling points can be set in the alteration zone. The altered zone here can refer to the section with alterations such as alkali metasomatism, silicification, and carbonation, and the distribution of these alterations reflects the range of hydrothermal activities to a certain extent.

The alteration zones in the survey area can be determined through field surveys, or based on geological drawings in the survey area, etc., and then sampling points are set for these alteration zones, so that the set sampling points can be completely Covers the extent where the alteration zone is located. However, for the section where no obvious wall rock alteration is found in the exploration area, the possibility of hydrothermal uranium ore body distribution is low, and sampling points may not be set, or sampling points may be set in a relatively sparse manner , so as to improve the sampling efficiency.

In some embodiments, in the process of setting sampling points, known hydrothermal uranium deposits in the prospecting area may be determined first, and sampling points are set in a relatively dense manner in the area where the hydrothermal uranium deposits are distributed. As an example, sampling points can be set in the prospecting area according to the grid density of 100m×100m, and further increase the grid density of sampling points in the area where the hydrothermal uranium deposits are distributed to 20m×20m-50m×50m.

In such an embodiment, by setting sampling points in a relatively dense manner in the area where the hydrothermal uranium deposits are distributed, more element content data at the known distribution areas of the hydrothermal uranium deposits can be obtained. It helps to determine the spatial relationship between the anomalous area and known hydrothermal uranium deposits, and on the other hand, it also helps to more accurately calculate the anomaly threshold corresponding to each element.

In some embodiments, the abnormal threshold corresponding to each element may be determined specifically based on the arithmetic mean and standard deviation of the content of each element. As an example, the arithmetic mean Xo can be obtained by gradually removing the mean value plus or minus 3 times the standard deviation, and then the standard deviation So after step-by-step removal can be obtained, and the abnormal threshold T=Xo±2So. The influence of the content of elements that obviously deviate from the normal value can be eliminated through the step-by-step elimination method, so that the calculated abnormal threshold is more accurate. In some other embodiments, those skilled in the art may also choose other suitable ways to calculate the abnormal threshold, as long as the abnormal threshold can accurately reflect the enrichment characteristics of each element, there is no limitation to this.

Several methods for determining the second area will be specifically described below.

In some embodiments, the siliceous vein development area in the exploration area may be determined first, and then the ore-forming siliceous veins in the siliceous vein development area may be identified, and the area where the ore-forming siliceous veins are located is determined as the second area.

The focus of this example is on the identification of ore-forming siliceous veins. Specifically, when identifying ore-forming siliceous veins, multiple samples can be collected in the siliceous vein development area and their element contents determined, so as to determine Uranium content and uranium-related elements in siliceous vein samples.

Uranium-related elements refer to elements whose element content in siliceous veins is related to uranium content. This application proposes that tungsten, lead, bismuth, cadmium, antimony, molybdenum, copper, beryllium, vanadium, and zinc are generally enriched in ore-forming siliceous veins. , barium, cobalt, nickel, chromium and other trace elements, and the content of these trace elements has a strong correlation with the content of uranium, therefore, these trace elements can be used as the identification criteria of ore-forming siliceous veins.

If it is determined that the uranium content of the siliceous vein sample is greater than the second preset value, and the uranium-related elements include one or more of the elements involved in the above identification criteria, it can be determined that the siliceous vein sample at the location of the silicon The veins are ore-forming siliceous veins. The second preset value here may be determined by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions, and as an example, the second preset value may be 20×10 ^-6 .

After determining the element content, the correlation coefficient between each element and the uranium element can be determined respectively by means of the correlation analysis commonly used in this field, and the element whose correlation coefficient is greater than the first preset value is determined as the uranium-related element. The first preset value at can be determined by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation, as long as they can effectively identify elements with relatively good correlation between silicene veins and uranium.

In some embodiments, when the element content of each siliceous vein sample is determined separately, uranium content analysis and trace element content analysis can be performed on each siliceous vein sample respectively, so as to determine the uranium content in each siliceous vein sample. content and the content of each trace element.

As described above, the elements involved in the identification criteria used in this application are all trace elements. Therefore, in the process of element content analysis, only uranium content and trace element content can be analyzed, while There is no need to analyze the major elements, thereby improving the efficiency of identification. The trace elements targeted by the element content analysis may only include the trace elements involved in the above-mentioned identification criteria, or may also include other trace elements except the above-mentioned trace elements, which is not limited.

In some embodiments, as described above, the correlation coefficient between the content of each trace element and the content of uranium can be determined respectively, and then the trace elements whose correlation coefficient is higher than the first preset value are determined as uranium-related elements.

In some embodiments, the content of trace elements in each siliceous vein sample can be further determined. The application also proposes that in addition to enriching the above-mentioned uranium-related trace elements in the ore-forming siliceous veins, the content of trace elements is usually significantly higher than that of ordinary non-ore-forming siliceous veins. Therefore, the specific content of trace elements can also be used as an identification criterion for ore-forming siliceous veins. The trace elements here can include the above-mentioned uranium-related elements, and can also include other trace elements.

Specifically, when identifying ore-forming siliceous veins based on element content and uranium-related elements, if it is determined that the uranium content in the siliceous vein sample is higher than the second preset value, the trace element content is higher than the second preset value, and the uranium-related elements Elements include at least one of tungsten, lead, bismuth, cadmium, antimony, molybdenum, copper, beryllium, vanadium, zinc, barium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, then the siliceous veins in the siliceous vein development area can be identified as Ore-forming siliceous veins.

The second preset value here can be determined based on the background value of the content of trace elements in the siliceous veins. The background value can be determined by those skilled in the art based on empirical values or relevant geological data, or it can also be determined in this area Non-mineralizing siliceous veins were collected, and this background value was determined based on the trace element content in the non-mineralizing siliceous veins.

In some embodiments, when collecting a plurality of siliceous vein samples in the siliceous vein development area, the color, type, occurrence, and stage of the silicious veins in the silicious vein development area can be determined first, and then in each At least one sample of siliceous veins was collected at each color, each type, each occurrence, and each stage of siliceous veins to ensure the comprehensiveness of the collected siliceous vein samples, thereby improving the accuracy of identification.

Furthermore, the present application also proposes that the types of quartz veins in ore-forming siliceous veins are usually red microcrystalline quartz veins, reddish-brown microcrystalline quartz veins, white comb-shaped quartz veins, and gray quartz veins. These quartz vein types can also be As an identification criterion for ore-forming siliceous veins.

Based on this, in some embodiments, the quartz vein type in each siliceous vein sample can be determined separately, if the quartz vein type in the siliceous vein sample includes red microcrystalline quartz vein, reddish brown microcrystalline quartz vein, reddish-brown microcrystalline quartz vein, At least one of white comb-shaped quartz veins and gray quartz veins can identify the siliceous veins at the location of the siliceous vein samples as ore-forming siliceous veins.

The microcrystalline quartz vein here is a quartz vein with a crystal grain size between 0.01-0.05mm. The reddish-brown microcrystalline quartz vein is also often described as a pig liver microcrystalline quartz vein in the art, and the gray quartz white is in the art. It is also often described as smoky gray quartz veins, and those skilled in the art can identify the type of quartz veins according to relevant identification standards, so I won’t repeat them here.

It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the type of quartz veins can also be used alone as an identification criterion for ore-forming siliceous veins, without being used together with the uranium-related elements described above.

In some embodiments, determining the siliceous vein development area in the exploration area may include: determining the alteration area in the exploration area; and determining the area in the alteration area where the silicious veins develop as the silicious vein development area. In this embodiment, the alteration area in the exploration area can be determined first according to the alteration of surrounding rocks in the exploration area, and then the siliceous vein development area can be determined from the alteration area, which improves the efficiency of determining the second area.

In some embodiments, determining the siliceous vein development area further includes: determining the radioactive content in the altered area; determining that silicious veins are developed in the altered area, and the radioactive value of at least some of the silicious veins is higher than the fourth preset The area of the value is determined as the siliceous vein development area.

Understandably, outliers in the radioactive content can provide some indication of the distribution of uranium. For this reason, in the process of determining the siliceous vein development area in this embodiment, the radioactive content of siliceous veins is determined, and the area where the radioactivity value of at least some siliceous veins is higher than the fourth preset value is determined as siliceous vein development In this way, the identified siliceous vein development area is more likely to have ore-forming siliceous veins, which can improve the efficiency of determining the second area. Here, the fourth preset value may be set with reference to the radioactivity anomaly standard in the related art in the art, or may be set based on the radioactivity background value in the survey area, which is not limited.

Several methods for determining the third area will be specifically described below.

In some embodiments, when determining the third area, surface samples in the survey area may be collected, and the uranium content of the surface samples and the deformation characteristics of the markers in the surface samples may be determined. The markers here can include at least one of quartz, feldspar, and mica. If it is determined that the uranium content in the surface sample is greater than the preset value, and the markers in the surface sample have both rigid deformation and plastic deformation, the surface can be The area where the sample is located is determined as the third area.

Specifically, bedrock near the surface of the survey area may be collected as a surface sample. After the surface sample is collected, the collected surface sample can be divided into two parts, one part is determined by elemental analysis test to determine its uranium content, and the other part is ground into a smooth thin section sample, and the deformation of its markers can be determined by microscopic observation feature.

In some embodiments, determining the deformation characteristics of the markers in the surface sample may include: observing the structure and/or absorbance of the markers in the ground sample under a microscope; determining the marker based on the structure and/or absorbance of the markers in the ground sample deformation characteristics of objects.

If it is determined that the structure of the marker in the surface sample is broken, it can be determined that there is a rigid deformation of the marker in the surface sample.

The structural fragmentation in different types of markers may be different. For example, for quartz and feldspar, the structural fragmentation may be network fragmentation, microfracture, fragmentation structure, and fragmentation plaque structure. For mica, the fracture of its structure may be microscopic fracture, fragmentation structure, fragmentation spot structure, and less reticular fracture. Fragmentation of the above structure can be identified under a microscope by those skilled in the art based on experience or relevant standards in the field, and the specific identification method will not be repeated here.

In some embodiments, if it is determined that the markers in the surface sample have a change in absorbance, it is determined that the marker in the surface sample has plastic deformation, and the signs of the change in absorbance may include: banded extinction, wavy extinction, and fan-shaped extinction. Those skilled in the art can identify the above three types of extinction according to experience or relevant standards in the field, and the specific identification methods will not be repeated here.

The changes in absorbance in different types of markers may be different, and wavy extinction, band extinction, and fan-shaped extinction may appear in quartz, and wavy extinction often appears in feldspar and mica.

In some embodiments, in addition to determining the presence of plastic deformation by means of changes in light absorption, the presence of plastic deformation can also be determined based on some iconic structures that appear in the markers. The signs that may appear in different types of markers There are also differences in sexual structure.

For quartz, its signature structure can include dynamic recrystallization, stretching lineation, rotating fractal system, pressure shadow, S-C phyllography, sub-grain, banded structure, and stress creeping structure. Therefore, if it is determined that at least one of the above structures appears in the quartz, it can be determined that there is plastic deformation of the marker in the surface sample.

Dynamic recrystallization is carried out simultaneously with deformation. Minerals may generate dynamic gravity when deformed at a temperature higher than 0.5Tm (Tm is the melting point temperature), or when creeping to a certain critical stress and a slower strain rate.

The pressure shadow refers to the fact that when the rock is formed, there is a significant difference between the toughness, debris, etc. contained in it and the capability of the rock matrix, resulting in the formation of a low-stress zone on both sides of the stretching direction, which is filled by the crystalline fibers secreted by the same structure. Form a shadow.

The S-C foliation fabric is a kind of structural combination generally developed in the ductile shear zone, which is composed of S foliation and C foliation. Among them, S foliation is extrusion foliation prior to C foliation, and C foliation is shear foliation formed later.

Subgrains, also known as subgrains, are microregions in minerals separated by subgrain boundaries.

The banded structure is characterized by the arrangement of minerals and rocks with different colors or grain sizes and appearing in bands. Either dark and light-colored minerals and rocks alternate layer by layer; or coarser-grained and finer-grained minerals and rocks alternate layer by layer, so that they are distributed parallel or nearly parallel to each other in strips in the rock.

Stress creeping structure refers to the formation of a creeping structure due to the shrinkage of the molar volume under compressive stress, which leads to the dissolution or precipitation of SiO2 from the lattice. British structure is different, so called stress creep British structure.

For feldspars, its landmark structures may include kink belts, book oblique structures, deformation lines, mechanical twins, sub-grains, broken porphyritic systems, dynamic recrystallization, core-mantle structures, sand clock structures, and stress stripe structures , Exsolution page management. If it is determined that at least one of the above structures appears in the feldspar, it can be determined that there is plastic deformation of the marker in the surface sample.

A kink zone refers to a flat strip with a sharp-edged turn in the lamellae, which is essentially a shear zone with a certain width. The rocks in the zone and the rocks on both sides undergo relative shear sliding, so that the bedding Or the appearance of facial texture changes drastically.

The book-slope structure refers to a series of fault blocks or fragments cut by steep faults, like books on a bookshelf lodging sideways, each fault block undergoes a rigid body rotation, resulting in relative shearing of each fault block along the normal fault. cut sports.

Deformation lines refer to flat or long lens-shaped thin lines with close intervals formed by impact or shearing in the crystal.

Mechanical twins, also known as slip twins, are twin crystal structures formed by mechanical external force after the crystal is formed, causing the part of the crystal to slip and deform along one direction of the surface net.

The fragmentation system is a fragmentation system formed by mineral fragmentation and crystal smearing.

The core-mantle structure is a structure composed of deformed grains surrounded by fine sub-grains and recrystallized new grains.

Sand clock structure refers to a microstructure formed in minerals due to changes in composition or light, which is similar to the style of ancient western timekeeping sand clocks.

Stress stripes refer to the stripes formed by the dissolution or precipitation of sodium in potassium feldspar or albite feldspar under the action of stress. The stress stripes of this kind of precipitation are mostly distributed along the shear plane or tension crack plane, showing geese-like, flame-like shape, checkerboard grid shape and irregular shape, etc.

Exsolubility refers to the phenomenon that the two components of the material are parallel and conjoined, similar to polycrystalline twin crystals. For mica, its iconic structure may include mica fish, book oblique structure, pressure shadow, S-C foliation, broken patch system, kink band. If it is determined that at least one of the above structures appears in the mica, it can be determined that there is plastic deformation of the marker in the surface sample.

Mica fish mostly develop in quartz mica schist. The pre-existing mica fragments, whose cleavage is not easy to slide, will form microscopic rocks in the direction oblique to the cleavage during the shearing process, which is opposite to the shearing direction. Plow normal fault. As the deformation continued, the upper and lower mica fragments slipped, separated and rotated, forming asymmetric mica fish. For definitions of other structures, reference may be made to the descriptions of relevant parts above, and details are not repeated here.

The identification of the above-mentioned iconic structures can be based on experience or related identification standards in the field, and the specific identification methods will not be repeated here.

In some embodiments, in order to further improve the accuracy of determining the third region, after it is determined that the markers in the surface sample have both rigid deformation and plastic deformation, the deformation strength of the marker in the ground sample can be further determined.

Specifically, if the markers in the surface samples retain the original rock structure, the deformation intensity is determined as the first grade, and if the markers in the surface samples have a fragmented structure but the original rock structure can be identified, the deformation intensity is determined as the second grade. If a nascent structure appears in the marker in the surface sample, the deformation intensity is determined to be level 3.

Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of markers whose deformation intensity is first-order, in which part 2a shows the first-order deformation of quartz 1, part 2b shows the first-order deformation of feldspar 2, and part 2c shows mica The first-order deformation of 3 shows that under the first-order deformation intensity, there are slight cracks in the markers, but the original rock structure is still retained. A deformation intensity of grade 1 indicates that the deformation here is weak and mainly rigid deformation, which is not conducive to the mineralization of hydrothermal uranium ore.

Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of markers with three-order deformation intensity, in which part 3a shows the second-order deformation of quartz 1, part 3b shows the second-order deformation of feldspar 2, and part 3c shows The secondary deformation of mica 3 shows that under the secondary deformation intensity, obvious structural fragmentation can be found, but the residual original rock structure can still be identified. The deformation intensity is second grade, indicating that the plastic deformation is weaker than the rigid deformation, which is beneficial to the mineralization of hydrothermal uranium ore.

Figure 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of markers with tertiary deformation intensity, in which part 4a shows the tertiary deformation of quartz 1, part 4b shows the tertiary deformation of feldspar 2, and part 4c shows Tertiary deformation of mica 3. It can be seen that under the third-order deformation intensity, obvious new structures appear in the markers. The deformation intensity of the third grade indicates that the plastic deformation is dominant, the rigid deformation is weaker than the plastic deformation, and the favorable effect of hydrothermal fluid is more obvious.

In this embodiment, when determining the third area, if the uranium content in the surface sample is greater than the preset value, the markers in the surface sample have both rigid deformation and plastic deformation, and the deformation intensity is second or third, then the surface The area where the sample is located is determined as the third area.

As an example, the deformation strength can be judged specifically based on the following judgment rules.

The primary deformation strength may specifically include weak crack damage deformation and strong crack damage deformation.

Weak crack damage and deformation are specifically manifested as retaining the original rock structure, locally developing rigid cracks, and visible light anomalies such as cracked quartz, feldspar, and mica.

Strong crack damage and deformation are specifically manifested as the coexistence of brittle markers and ductile deformation, recrystallization, and rehealing or cementation after breaking.

The secondary deformation strength may specifically include weak fracture deformation and strong fracture deformation.

The weak fragmentation deformation is specifically manifested in the fact that the markers are cut into irregular fragments by fissures, the displacement between the fragments is small, the markers are roughly splicable, and the overall structure and basic characteristics of the original rock remain.

The strong fragmentation deformation is specifically manifested by the emergence of strong fragmentation structure, the marker particles can be distinguished, the content of fragmented plaques in rocks is obviously more than that of fragmented bases, fragmentation and fine-grained edges are developed in fragmented plaques, and the properties and structures of original rocks are retained.

The three-level deformation intensity may specifically include mylonitization deformation, promylonite deformation, mylonite deformation and ultramylonite deformation.

The mylonitization deformation is specifically manifested as broken spots accounting for the majority, and the content of broken bases is less than 10%. The directional elongation of minerals can be seen, with a slight directional arrangement. The markers appear wavy extinction, twin crystal bending and kink, and recrystallization can also be seen. .

The deformation of primary mylonite is specifically manifested by the broken base content of more than 10%, less than 50% broken base, obvious orientation, dynamic recrystallization particles increase, the landmark mineral quartz develops banded extinction, sub-grain and recrystallization, and feldspar appears twin crystals Kink, mica appears band-like extinction or kink.

The deformation of mylonite is specifically manifested in the fact that the broken base content is greater than 50%, less than 90%, and the highest is not more than 90%, mainly dynamic recrystallization, few and small broken spots, obvious plastic flow structure, and the markers develop rotating broken spots, Core-mantle structure, S-C foliation, recrystallization of most of the quartz, and flow structure around broken spots.

The deformation of ultramylonite is specifically manifested by the content of broken bases greater than 90%, rare broken spots, recrystallization of markers, development of plastic flow structures, increased content of markers mica and quartz, and reduction or disappearance of feldspars.

In addition to the above judging rules, those skilled in the art may also use other judging rules and/or combine actual conditions to specifically judge the deformation strength, which will not be repeated here.

In some embodiments, when collecting surface samples in the exploration area, the ore-controlling structure related to the hydrothermal uranium mineralization in the exploration area can be determined based on the mineralization and structural features in the exploration area, and the controlling The area where the ore structure is distributed is determined as the working area, and then the surface samples in the working area are collected. When determining the third area in the exploration area, if the uranium content in the surface sample is greater than the preset value, and the markers in the surface sample have both rigid deformation and plastic deformation, the working area is determined as the third area.

It can be understood that although the third area is finally determined mainly by means of microscopic deformation characteristics in this application, sampling and confirming deformation characteristics of surface samples in the entire exploration area may lead to reduced efficiency and increased costs. In this embodiment, the working area is first determined by means of the macroscopic ore-controlling structure, and subsequent surface sample collection and microscopic deformation characteristics are determined in the working area, thereby ensuring the accuracy of determining the third area and improving efficiency , reducing costs.

The ore-controlling structure here refers to the macroscopic structure that has control over the mineralization of hydrothermal uranium deposits. For example, the ore-controlling structure may include fractured structural zones, alteration zones, radioactive anomalies, and geophysical and chemical anomalies. The radioactivity anomaly zone can be determined based on the radiation background value in the exploration area, and the geophysical and geochemical exploration anomaly zone can be determined based on the geophysical and geochemical exploration background value in the exploration area. The specific determination method can refer to related technologies in the field, and will not be repeated here.

The present invention has been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and can also be made without departing from the gist of the present invention within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art. kind of change. The content that is not described in detail in the present invention can adopt the prior art.

Claims (21)

1. A method of determining a keatite uranium mine prospect, comprising:

determining a first area in an investigation region, wherein the first area is an area distributed with abnormal areas corresponding to at least one element group, the element group comprises a first element group, a second element group, a third element group and a fourth element group, the first element group comprises uranium and thorium, the second element group comprises one or more same-genus incompatible elements of uranium, the third element group comprises one or more thiophilic elements, the fourth element group comprises one or more volatile elements, the abnormal areas are areas with the content of at least one element in the element group higher than a corresponding abnormal threshold value, and the abnormal threshold value is determined based on the content distribution condition of the corresponding element in the investigation region;

determining a second region in the investigation region, wherein the second region is a region where the mineralizing silicium veins are located;

determining a third area in the exploration area, wherein the third area is an area in which the uranium content in surface rock in the exploration area is larger than a preset value and markers in the surface rock are subjected to rigid deformation and plastic deformation at the same time;

determining the keatite prospect based on one or more of the first zone, the second zone, and the third zone.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the keatite prospect comprises:

determining an area in which at least one of the first area, the second area, and the third area is present as the keatite prospect area.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the keatite prospect comprises:

determining an overlapping area of the first area, the second area, and the third area as the keatite prospect area.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first region comprises:

respectively determining the abnormal region corresponding to each element group in the survey area;

determining the first region in the survey area based on the distribution of the abnormal region.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

determining a spatial relationship between the abnormal zone and a known keatite ore body in the survey area prior to determining the first region in the survey area based on a distribution of the abnormal zone.

6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

determining a rank of the first region based on the number of the anomalous regions distributed overlappingly in the first region, the rank characterizing a probability of ore bearing in the first region.

7. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

determining the element groups based on element group characteristics in the survey area.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the second element group comprises at least one of:

lithium, cesium, rubidium, niobium.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the third element group comprises at least one of:

molybdenum, copper, lead, zinc, bismuth and antimony.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the fourth group of elements comprises at least one of:

fluorine, sulphur.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the second region comprises:

determining a siliceous pulse development zone in the survey area;

identifying mineralised siliceous veins in the siliceous vein development zone;

and determining the area where the mineralizing silicon vein is located as the second area.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the identifying mineralised siliceous veins in the siliceous vein developmental region comprises:

collecting a plurality of siliceous pulse samples in the siliceous pulse development zone;

respectively determining the element content of each silicon vein sample;

determining uranium related elements in the silicon vein samples based on the content of elements in the silicon vein samples, wherein the uranium related elements are elements of which the correlation coefficient of the content of the elements and the content of the uranium is higher than a first preset value;

and if the fact that the content of uranium in the silicon vein sample is higher than a second preset value and the relevant uranium elements comprise at least one of tungsten, lead, bismuth, cadmium, antimony, molybdenum, copper, beryllium, vanadium, zinc, barium, cobalt, nickel and chromium is determined, identifying the silicon vein at the position of the silicon vein sample as the mineralizing silicon vein.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the identifying mineralised siliceous veins in the siliceous vein-developing region further comprises:

respectively determining the content of trace elements in each silicon vein sample;

if the situation that the uranium content in the siliceous vein sample is higher than a second preset value and the trace element content in the siliceous vein sample is higher than a third preset value is determined, and the relevant uranium elements comprise at least one of tungsten, lead, bismuth, cadmium, antimony, molybdenum, copper, beryllium, vanadium, zinc, barium, cobalt, nickel and chromium, the siliceous vein in the siliceous vein development area is identified as the mineralized siliceous vein, and the third preset value is determined based on the background value of the trace element content in the siliceous vein.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the identifying mineralised siliceous veins in the siliceous vein-developing region comprises:

respectively determining the quartz vein type in each silicon vein sample;

if the quartz vein type in the silicon vein sample is determined to comprise at least one of red microcrystalline quartz veins, red brown microcrystalline quartz veins, white comb-shaped quartz veins and gray quartz veins, identifying the silicon veins at the position of the silicon vein sample as the mineralizing silicon veins, wherein the microcrystalline quartz veins are the quartz veins with the crystal granularity of 0.01-0.05 mm.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the third region comprises:

collecting surface samples in an exploration area;

determining the uranium content of the surface sample and the deformation characteristics of the markers in the surface sample, wherein the markers comprise at least one of quartz, feldspar and mica;

and determining a third area in the investigation region, wherein if the uranium content in the surface sample is greater than a preset value and the marker in the surface sample has rigid deformation and plastic deformation at the same time, determining the area where the surface sample is located as the third area.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein determining deformation characteristics of a marker in the surface sample comprises:

observing the structure and/or light absorption of the marker in the surface sample under a microscope;

determining deformation characteristics of the markers based on the structure and/or absorbance of the markers in the surface sample.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein rigid deformation of the marker in the surface sample is determined if structural fragmentation of the marker in the surface sample is determined.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein determining that there is plastic deformation of a marker in the surface sample if a change in absorbance of the marker in the surface sample is determined, the change in absorbance comprising: band extinction, wave extinction and fan extinction.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the markers comprise quartz, and wherein upon determining the deformation characteristics of the markers in the surface sample, the presence of plastic deformation of the markers in the surface sample is determined if at least one of the following structures is determined to be present in the quartz:

dynamic recrystallization, tensile linear texture, rotational speckle system, pressure shadow, S-C texture, sub-particles, ribbon structure, stress creep structure.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the markers comprise feldspars, and wherein when the deformation characteristics of the markers in the surface sample are determined, the presence of plastic deformation of the markers in the surface sample is determined if at least one of the following structures is determined to be present in the feldspars:

twisted band, book diagonal structure, deformed lines, mechanical twins, sub-particles, broken specks, dynamic recrystallization, mantle structure, sand structure, stress stripe structure, and exsolution texture.

21. The method of claim 16, wherein the marker comprises mica, and wherein the marker is determined to be plastically deformed when the deformation characteristic of the marker in the surface sample is determined to be present in the mica if at least one of the following structures is determined to be present in the mica:

muscovitum fish, book inclined structure, pressure shadow, S-C face texture, broken speckles, and twisted tape.

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