CN115597340A - System and method for indirectly drying water-washed fly ash - Google Patents
System and method for indirectly drying water-washed fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/12—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
- B01D46/023—Pockets filters, i.e. multiple bag filters mounted on a common frame
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/10—Temperature; Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
- F26B23/10—Heating arrangements using tubes or passages containing heated fluids, e.g. acting as radiative elements; Closed-loop systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
- F26B25/002—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements for bulk goods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/04—Agitating, stirring, or scraping devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
- F26B25/08—Parts thereof
- F26B25/12—Walls or sides; Doors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for indirectly drying water-washing fly ash, which adopt an indirect drying mode to dry the water-washing fly ash. The system mainly comprises a mixing unit, a heat source generating unit, an indirect drying unit, a flue gas treatment unit and a finished product fly ash storage unit. The improved fly ash drying system is characterized in that the mixing unit is an inlet of the indirect fly ash drying system for water washing, an outlet of the mixing unit is connected with a feed inlet of the indirect drying unit, an outlet of the heat source generating unit is connected with a heat source inlet of the indirect drying unit, a dust gas outlet of the indirect drying unit is connected with an inlet of the flue gas processing unit, a discharge port of the indirect drying unit is connected with an inlet of the finished fly ash storage unit, and an outlet of the finished fly ash storage unit is an outlet of the indirect fly ash drying system for water washing. The method comprises the steps of mixing preparation, equipment preheating, indirect drying, fly ash storage, flue gas treatment and waste heat utilization. And the energy consumption of the whole system is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of household garbage incineration fly ash treatment, and relates to a system and a method for indirectly drying water washing fly ash.
Background
In recent years, the incineration treatment capacity of domestic garbage in China shows a trend of increasing year by year, the output of fly ash, which is a byproduct of the domestic garbage, is increased year by year due to the increasing incineration capacity of the domestic garbage, and the fly ash generated by the incineration of the domestic garbage contains toxic substances such as heavy metal, dioxin, furan and the like, and is regarded as dangerous waste by a plurality of countries, so that the treatment of the fly ash is very important.
Although the fly ash is dangerous waste, the main components of the fly ash are calcium, silicon compounds and soluble salts, and the fly ash can be subjected to resource treatment, such as cement kiln cooperative treatment, high-temperature sintering, plasma melting and the like. However, soluble salts in the fly ash can affect the subsequent high-temperature treatment kiln, and the fly ash needs to be subjected to desalination pretreatment. The water washing of the fly ash can effectively remove the content of soluble salts in the fly ash, and is an essential pretreatment link before the fly ash is recycled. The fly ash can be extracted from soluble salt through water washing pretreatment, and can be used industrially, and the fly ash after water washing can be used as a building material raw material, so that the raw material is saved, and the cost is reduced.
In the process of washing pretreatment of the fly ash, a centrifuge is usually adopted for solid-liquid separation, the water content of the separated washed fly ash is about 30-40%, if the fly ash is directly subjected to high-temperature calcination resource treatment, the high-temperature kiln is greatly influenced, and the energy consumption is large. Therefore, the water-washed fly ash needs to be dried. At present, the water-washing fly ash is usually dried directly, the existing heat source of the resource enterprise is utilized, the water content of the water-washing fly ash is reduced through direct contact with the water-washing fly ash, the method is high in heat transfer efficiency, the water-washing fly ash is high in drying efficiency, however, the existing heat source of the resource enterprise needs to be utilized in the method, the heat source consumption is large, and the influence on the existing production line of the resource enterprise is easily caused. In addition, the tail gas quantity that the direct dry mode of washing flying ash produced is great, and particulate matter content in the tail gas is great, and follow-up tail gas treatment pressure is big.
The fly ash has the advantages of fine particle size (1-100 mu m), high viscosity, easy wall hanging in the drying process, easy hardening, difficult cleaning and influence on the drying efficiency; if the moisture content of the fly ash is higher, the fly ash is easy to generate the phenomenon of agglomeration in the drying process, namely the surface of the agglomerated fly ash is in a dry state, but the moisture content in the agglomerated fly ash is still higher. Therefore, it is difficult to directly dry fly ash with high water content. Aiming at the defects of the prior art and combining the physical characteristics of the fly ash, the invention provides a system and a method for indirectly drying the water-washed fly ash, wherein the water-washed fly ash is dried by adopting an indirect drying mode, the water content of the water-washed fly ash can be reduced to below 5 percent from 40 percent, the problems of high energy consumption and difficult tail gas treatment caused by a direct drying mode are solved, the problems of wall hanging, hardening and the like which are easy to occur in indirect drying are solved, the drying link in the fly ash water-washing pretreatment is further optimized, and the fly ash recycling treatment capacity can be improved.
The system mainly comprises a raw coal bin, a coal feeder, a dryer, a rotary sealing feeding valve, a buried scraper conveyor, a condensing tank, a steam trap, a condensate pump, a dust remover and a fan. The detailed process steps are as follows: (1) lignite with the water content of 35-50% by mass and the granularity less than or equal to 20mm enters a drying pipe of a dryer from a raw coal bunker through a coal feeder; (2) introducing low-temperature steam out of the drying pipe of the drying machine in the step (1) to ensure that the lignite in the drying pipe and the steam out of the drying pipe perform indirect heat exchange so as to realize the purpose of drying the lignite, wherein the pressure of the low-temperature steam is 0.55-0.6 MPaG, and the temperature is 165-175 ℃; (3) the condensate after heat exchange in the step (2) enters a condensation tank through a steam trap; the condensate is finally discharged by a condensate pump; (4) the lignite dried in the step (2) is discharged from a discharge hole of the dryer and enters the buried scraper conveyor through a rotary sealing feeding valve; (5) in the lignite drying process in the step (2), water vapor generated by lignite and air with pulverized coal form tail gas, and the tail gas is sucked by a fan, filtered by a dust remover and then discharged; (6) and (5) enabling the coal dust filtered by the dust remover in the step (5) to enter the buried scraper conveyer through a coal dropping pipe.
The raw material processed by the prior art is lignite, the granularity is far larger than the particle size of fly ash, most of the existing indirect drying equipment is applied to the drying industry of sludge and coal chemical industry, and the existing indirect drying equipment is rarely used for the drying treatment of washing fly ash. Although the whole drying process and equipment are similar, the fly ash indirect drying technology still needs to solve some problems, such as fine particle size of fly ash, equipment abrasion and the like, due to the hazardous waste property of the fly ash and the characteristics of the fly ash, so the water washing fly ash indirect drying technology belongs to a brand new technical field.
(II) the second prior art relates to a sludge heat drying system and a method (patent application) (CN 113371975A)
(1) A sludge heat drying system comprises an air compression system, a heat exchange system and a sludge drying system, and is characterized in that the air compression system comprises a screw heat pump, and is used for reheating pure steam circulating in the whole system;
the heat exchange system comprises a falling film evaporator and is used for exchanging heat and evaporating the condensed water of the pure steam;
the sludge drying system comprises a drying machine, a fuel rod manufacturing device and a sludge drying system, wherein the drying machine is used for reducing the water content of sludge and discharging the sludge with low water content to the fuel rod manufacturing device;
the air compression system further comprises a gas-liquid separator, high-temperature steam heated by the screw heat pump enters a heat exchange mechanism of the drying machine after passing through the gas-liquid separator to dry sludge in the drying machine, condensate water produced in the heat exchange mechanism enters a shell pass of the falling-film evaporator, sludge steam produced by the drying machine enters a tube pass of the falling-film evaporator to evaporate the condensate water produced by the heat exchange mechanism of the drying machine, the steam is heated by the screw heat pump to form self-circulation in the system, a washing tower is arranged between a sludge steam outlet of the drying machine and the falling-film evaporator and is used for washing gas in a self-circulation mode, wastewater discharged by the washing tower is sent to a sewage treatment device, and noncondensable gas produced by the tube pass of the falling-film evaporator is sent to a tail gas treatment device.
(2) Sludge heat drying method
I, preheating equipment: pure water is added into the gas-liquid separator, the pure water enters the falling-film evaporator through a pipeline, a heating device arranged in the falling-film evaporator evaporates the pure water to form clean steam, the clean steam enters the screw heat pump from a steam outlet of the falling-film evaporator to be compressed and heated to form high-amplitude compressed hot steam, the compressed hot steam enters a heat exchange mechanism of the drying machine through the gas-liquid separator, and the drying machine is preheated;
II, sludge drying: conveying sludge with the water content of 70-90% into a drier through a screw feeder, heating the sludge in the drier to gradually dry under the action of a driving shaft of the drier, and conveying the dried sludge to a fuel rod manufacturing device along a discharge port of the drier;
III, steam circulation: sludge steam generated in the sludge drying process enters a tube pass of the falling film evaporator through a water washing tower along a sludge steam outlet of the drying machine, meanwhile, distilled water discharged from a heat exchange device of the drying machine enters a spray opening of a shell pass of the falling film evaporator, and the distilled water sprayed out of the spray opening is evaporated under the high-temperature action of a heat exchange tube to form clean steam circulation;
after the sludge steam enters the heat exchange tube for heat exchange, the formed water enters a washing tower, the washing tower circulates the stored water to a washing water inlet of the washing tower through a circulating pump, and impurities in the sludge steam entering from the drying machine are washed;
IV, waste treatment: in the process of evaporating purified water by the falling-film evaporator, part of sludge steam in the heat exchange tube is converted into water and enters the water washing tower, part of non-condensable gas enters the tail gas treatment pipeline and reaches the tail gas treatment device, the tail gas treatment pipeline is connected with the plate heat exchanger to cool the non-condensable gas, and the plate heat exchanger cools the water by using the gas-liquid separator;
and sewage discharged by the washing tower enters the sleeve structure of the screw feeder and is discharged to a sewage treatment device after passing through the preheating layer of the storage bin.
(3) Technical deficiency
The sludge is dried by steam generated by the falling film evaporator, so that the water content of the sludge is reduced. The drying device is not explicitly indicated to be indirect drying, but the drying device is an indirect drying device as can be known from the description, the recycling of condensed water and secondary steam is proposed, and the whole system is mature. However, the physical and chemical properties of fly ash and sludge are very different, the fly ash has a fine particle size (1-100 um) and high viscosity, is easy to cause wall hanging in the drying process, is easy to harden and is difficult to clean; if the moisture content of the fly ash is higher, the fly ash is easy to generate the phenomenon of agglomeration in the drying process, namely the surface of the agglomerated fly ash is in a dry state, but the moisture content in the agglomerated fly ash is still higher. Therefore, fly ash with a high water content cannot be directly dried.
In summary, the indirect drying system and method for washing fly ash with water needs to be designed and implemented in combination with the characteristics of fly ash.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for indirectly drying water-washing fly ash, which adopt an indirect drying mode to dry the water-washing fly ash and provide technical guarantee for the subsequent resource utilization of the fly ash.
In order to solve the above technical problems, a first technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:
a system for indirectly drying water washing fly ash mainly comprises a mixing unit, a heat source generating unit, an indirect drying unit, a flue gas processing unit and a finished product fly ash storage unit.
The improved fly ash drying system is characterized in that the mixing unit is an inlet of the indirect fly ash drying system for water washing, an outlet of the mixing unit is connected with a feed inlet of the indirect drying unit, an outlet of the heat source generating unit is connected with a heat source inlet of the indirect drying unit, a dust gas outlet of the indirect drying unit is connected with an inlet of the flue gas processing unit, a discharge port of the indirect drying unit is connected with an inlet of the finished fly ash storage unit, and an outlet of the finished fly ash storage unit is an outlet of the indirect fly ash drying system for water washing.
The mixing unit comprises a mixer and a fly ash conveying device. The mixer is provided with two feed inlets, namely a washing fly ash feed inlet and a drying fly ash feed inlet, and the drying fly ash and the washing fly ash are subjected to homogeneous mixing in the mixer, so that the overall water content of the material is reduced, and the material is kept in a uniform state.
Further, a dry fly ash feeding hole of the mixer is connected with an outlet of the finished product fly ash temporary storage bin.
Further, the mixer is preferably a horizontal mixer, so that feeding is facilitated and mixing time is easily controlled.
Further, the fly ash conveying device is preferably a screw conveyor so as to control the mixing amount of the dry fly ash.
The heat source generating unit comprises a water softener, a heat source generator, a condensed water collector and a heat exchanger. The inlet of the water softener is the inlet of the heat source generating unit, the outlet of the water softener is connected with the inlet of the heat source generator, and the outlet of the heat source generator is connected with the heat source inlet of the indirect dryer.
Furthermore, the inlet of the water softener is connected with a tap water pipeline to provide soft water for the heat source generator, so that the heat source generator is prevented from scaling and blocking.
Furthermore, an inlet of the condensed water collector is connected with a condensed water outlet of the indirect dryer, and an outlet of the condensed water collector is connected with an inlet of the heat source generator, so that condensed water is stably collected, and the recycling of the condensed water is realized.
Furthermore, the inlet of the heat exchanger is connected with the outlet of the flue gas treatment unit, and the outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with the steam inlet of the jacket of the indirect dryer, so that the heat preservation of the external jacket of the indirect dryer is facilitated, and the drying efficiency of the fly ash is further improved.
Furthermore, the heat exchanger carries out secondary heating for the high-temperature flue gas that the flue gas processing unit discharged to better realization heat cyclic utilization reduces system's energy consumption.
Furthermore, the pipelines for conveying saturated steam in the heat source generating unit are all provided with heat insulating layers so as to reduce heat loss.
The indirect drying unit comprises a constant feeder and an indirect dryer. The outlet of the constant feeder is connected with the feed inlet of the indirect dryer, the discharge outlet of the indirect dryer is connected with the inlet of the finished product fly ash storage unit, and the dust gas outlet of the indirect dryer is connected with the flue gas treatment unit.
Furthermore, the indirect drying machine can be a rotating disc type drying machine, a rotary type drying machine and a paddle type drying machine, and the indirect drying equipment has high heat exchange efficiency and can meet the requirements of the process system.
Further, the quantitative feeding machine is preferably a spiral feeder so as to ensure uniform feeding.
Further, the indirect dryer rotating shaft is variable-frequency adjustable, so that the indirect drying time can be controlled, and the moisture content of the discharged material can be better guaranteed.
Furthermore, a heat source of the indirect drying machine can be saturated steam, superheated steam or heat conduction oil, and the steam and the heat conduction oil are common heat sources of indirect drying equipment, have good thermodynamic characteristics and are high in heat utilization rate.
Furthermore, when a system for indirectly drying the washed fly ash is established in a resource disposal enterprise, the existing heat source in a plant area can be utilized, so that the energy consumption is further saved. If the resource enterprises have available saturated steam heat sources, the saturated steam can be pretreated by the cooling and depressurizing device and used as a heat source of the washing fly ash indirect drying system;
further, the internal gas environment of the indirect dryer is under a micro negative pressure, so that the moisture-carrying smoke generated inside is discharged, and gas leakage is prevented.
Furthermore, the indirect dryer is internally provided with a construction member to prevent the fly ash from sticking to the wall and to help to maintain the loose degree of the fly ash.
Furthermore, a discharge port of the indirect dryer is provided with a blanking valve, so that the blanking speed can be automatically controlled.
The flue gas processing unit comprises a dust remover, an induced draft fan and a monitoring instrument. The dust remover inlet is the inlet of the flue gas treatment unit, the dust remover outlet is connected with the induced draft fan inlet, and the induced draft fan outlet is the outlet of the flue gas treatment unit.
Further, the dust remover is preferably a pulse bag dust remover to remove particulate matters in the flue gas.
Furthermore, the cloth bag of the pulse cloth bag dust collector is preferably made of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) coated film, so that the dust collection efficiency is high, and the air permeability is high.
Furthermore, the monitoring instrument is a temperature and pressure instrument and is arranged in front of and behind the dust remover, so that the smoke data of the system can be better monitored.
Further, the fly ash collected at the bottom of the dust remover is sent into a finished product fly ash storage bin.
The finished product fly ash storage unit comprises a finished product fly ash storage bin, a finished product fly ash temporary storage bin and a finished product fly ash conveying pipeline. The inlet of the finished product fly ash storage bin is the inlet of the fly ash storage unit, and the outlet of the finished product fly ash storage bin is the outlet of the fly ash storage bin unit and is connected with a subsequent fly ash resource disposal system.
Further, the inlet of the finished fly ash temporary storage bin is connected with the inlet of the finished fly ash storage bin, and fly ash is conveyed to the finished fly ash storage bin and the finished fly ash temporary storage bin by adopting a chute.
Furthermore, flow assisting air nozzles are arranged at the bottoms of the finished product fly ash storage bin and the finished product fly ash temporary storage bin, so that blanking is smooth.
The second technical scheme of the invention is a method for indirectly drying water-washing fly ash, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a mixed material: conveying the water-washed fly ash (with the water content of about 40%) to a water-washed fly ash inlet of a mixer, conveying the dry fly ash in a fly ash temporary storage bin to a dry fly ash inlet of the mixer through a quantitative feeder, stirring and mixing the water-washed fly ash and the dry fly ash in the mixer, and reducing the water content of a mixed material to 10% -30%, wherein the material mixing time is 2-3min.
(2) Preheating equipment: turning on a tap water switch, softening the water by a water softener, and then feeding the softened water into a heat source generator, and then conveying the generated saturated steam to a heat source inlet of an indirect dryer through a heat insulation pipeline to preheat the indirect dryer;
wherein the saturated steam condition is 0.5-0.8MPa.
(3) And (3) indirect drying: after the indirect dryer is preheated by saturated steam, the fly ash mixed in the step (1) is conveyed to a feed inlet of the indirect dryer through a screw, the material moves to a discharge end through the rotation of a turntable inside the dryer, and in the moving process of the material, the fly ash is in contact with a dividing wall of a heat source for heat transfer, so that the purpose of reducing the moisture content of the fly ash is achieved. Wherein, the water content of the dried fly ash is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the drying time can be set to be 1.5 to 2.5 hours.
Meanwhile, condensed water discharged from the indirect dryer enters a condensed water collector for recycling.
(4) Fly ash storage: and (4) conveying the material dried in the step (3) to a finished product fly ash storage bin and a finished product fly ash temporary storage bin through a discharge end. The fly ash in the finished fly ash storage bin is used for subsequent resource treatment and utilization, and the fly ash in the finished fly ash temporary storage bin is returned to the mixing unit for cyclic utilization.
(5) Flue gas treatment: the wet-carrying flue gas generated in the intermediate dryer in the step (3) enters a flue gas treatment unit, dust in the wet-carrying flue gas is removed by a bag-type dust remover, and the concentration of particulate matters in the flue gas is ensured to be less than or equal to 10mg/m 3 . Wherein, the sack cleaner front end sets up temperature, pressure monitoring instrument, through data monitoring, prevents to carry wet flue gas dewfall, causes the problem that the sack cleaner blockked up. The fly ash collected by the bag-type dust collector enters a finished fly ash storage bin.
(6) And (3) waste heat utilization: and (5) reheating the high-temperature flue gas subjected to dust removal in the step (5) by using a heat exchanger, and then taking the reheated high-temperature flue gas as a heat source to enter a jacket of the indirect dryer for secondary utilization.
Has the advantages that:
compared with the prior art, the method has the following technical effects:
(1) The indirect drying mode is adopted, the moisture content in the fly ash is reduced by the heat transfer of the partition walls, the heat transfer efficiency is high, and the requirement of a drying process can be fully met.
(2) The moisture content in the fly ash is reduced by adopting an indirect drying mode and utilizing partition wall heat transfer, a heat source is not directly contacted with the fly ash, the generated flue gas quantity is small, the dust content is low, and the pressure of the subsequent flue gas treatment process is low.
(3) The mode of mixing pretreatment is adopted, the washed fly ash and the dried finished product ash are mixed, so that the moisture content of the feeding material of the dryer is reduced, the drying efficiency is improved, the uniform scattering of the material is realized, the flowability of the fly ash mixed material in indirect drying equipment is facilitated, and the loose state of the discharging is facilitated to be ensured.
(4) The indirect drying of the water washing fly ash changes the prior direct drying mode of utilizing the existing heat source of the resource enterprise, reduces the influence on the equipment of the resource enterprise, and is favorable for reducing the energy consumption of the whole system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a system for indirect drying of water washed fly ash;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram (saturated steam) of the water washed fly ash indirect drying.
FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of the indirect drying of the washed fly ash (heat transfer oil).
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in the following, which is a clear and complete description, but the examples are not exhaustive of all embodiments of the invention.
(1) Saturated steam
(1) Preparing a mixed material: conveying the water washing fly ash with the water content of 40% to a water washing fly ash feeding port of a mixer, conveying the dry fly ash in a fly ash temporary storage bin to a dry fly ash feeding port of the mixer through a screw conveyor, stirring and mixing the water washing fly ash and the dry fly ash in the mixer, wherein the material mixing time is 2min, and the water content of the mixed material is reduced to 20%.
(2) Preheating equipment: and (3) turning on a tap water switch, softening the water by a water softener, then feeding the softened water into a heat source generator, and then conveying the generated 0.6Mpa saturated steam to a heat source inlet of the indirect dryer through a heat insulation pipeline to preheat the indirect dryer.
(3) Indirect drying: after the indirect dryer is preheated by saturated steam, the mixed fly ash with the water content of 20% in the step (1) is conveyed to a feed inlet of the indirect dryer through a screw, the material moves to a discharge end through the rotation of a turntable in the dryer, the drying time is set to be 2 hours, and the water content of the dried fly ash is less than or equal to 5%. Meanwhile, condensed water discharged from the indirect dryer enters a condensed water collector for recycling.
(4) Fly ash storage: and (4) conveying the material with the water content of less than or equal to 5% in the step (3) to a finished product fly ash storage bin and a finished product fly ash temporary storage bin through a discharge end.
(5) Flue gas treatment: the wet-carrying flue gas generated in the intermediate dryer in the step (3) enters a flue gas treatment unit, dust in the flue gas is removed by a bag-type dust remover, and the concentration of particulate matters in the treated flue gas is less than or equal to 10mg/m 3 . The moisture-carrying smoke is prevented from dewing by monitoring the temperature and pressure monitors at the front end of the bag-type dust collector. The fly ash collected by the bag-type dust collector enters a finished product fly ash storage bin.
(6) And (3) waste heat utilization: and (5) reheating the dedusted high-temperature flue gas by a heat exchanger until the temperature reaches 160 ℃, and reusing the high-temperature flue gas as a heat source to enter a jacket of the indirect dryer for secondary utilization.
(2) Heat conducting oil
(1) Preparing a mixed material: conveying the water washing fly ash with the water content of 40% to a water washing fly ash feeding port of a mixer, conveying the dry fly ash in a fly ash temporary storage bin to a dry fly ash feeding port of the mixer through a screw conveyor, stirring and mixing the water washing fly ash and the dry fly ash in the mixer, wherein the material mixing time is 2min, and the water content of the mixed material is reduced to 20%.
(2) Preheating equipment: and (3) opening the electric heating device to heat the heat conduction oil, setting the heating temperature of the heat conduction oil to be 140 ℃, and then conveying the heat conduction oil to a heat source inlet of the indirect dryer through a heat insulation pipeline to preheat the indirect dryer.
(3) And (3) indirect drying: after the heat conduction oil preheats the indirect dryer, the mixed fly ash with the water content of 20% in the step (1) is conveyed to a feed inlet of the indirect dryer through a screw, the material moves to a discharge end through the rotation of a turntable in the dryer, the drying time is set to be 2 hours, and the water content of the dried fly ash is less than or equal to 5%. Meanwhile, the heat conducting oil discharged from the indirect dryer returns to the electric heating device for recycling.
(4) Fly ash storage: and (4) conveying the material with the water content of less than or equal to 5% in the step (3) to a finished product fly ash storage bin and a finished product fly ash temporary storage bin through a discharge end.
(5) Flue gas treatment: the wet-carrying flue gas generated in the intermediate dryer in the step (3) enters a flue gas treatment unit, dust in the wet-carrying flue gas is removed by a bag-type dust remover, and the concentration of particulate matters in the treated flue gas is less than or equal to 10mg/m 3 . The moisture-carrying smoke is prevented from dewing by monitoring the temperature and pressure monitors at the front end of the bag-type dust collector. The fly ash collected by the bag-type dust collector enters a finished product fly ash storage bin.
(6) And (3) waste heat utilization: and (5) reheating the dedusted high-temperature flue gas by a heat exchanger until the temperature reaches 160 ℃, and reusing the high-temperature flue gas as a heat source to enter a jacket of the indirect dryer for secondary utilization.
Process parameters for examples 3 to 11
Firstly, after the water washing fly ash is indirectly dried, the water content of the fly ash can be reduced from 40% to below 5%, so that the subsequent resource treatment is facilitated, the influence on resource treatment equipment is reduced, and the resource treatment capacity of the fly ash is effectively ensured;
secondly, an indirect drying mode is adopted, the moisture content in the fly ash is reduced by using partition wall heat transfer, a heat source is in indirect contact with the fly ash, the amount of generated flue gas is small, the dust content is low, and the subsequent flue gas treatment process is simpler;
thirdly, before indirect drying, the water-washed fly ash (with the water content of 40%) is mixed with the dried finished product ash in a mixing pretreatment mode so as to reduce the water content of the feed of the dryer, further improve the drying efficiency and fully ensure that the water content of the dried fly ash is less than or equal to 5%;
fourthly, the mixing pretreatment realizes the uniform scattering of the materials while reducing the water content of the fed materials, is beneficial to the fluidity of the fly ash mixed materials in indirect drying equipment, can reduce the occurrence of wall sticking of the materials and is beneficial to ensuring the loose state of the discharged materials;
fifthly, the indirect drying of the water washing fly ash changes the prior direct drying mode of utilizing the existing heat source of the resource enterprise, reduces the influence on the equipment of the resource enterprise and is beneficial to reducing the energy consumption of the whole system;
sixthly, the condensed water and the secondary steam generated in the drying process are recycled, so that the steam consumption is saved, and the overall economic benefit can be improved;
seventh, temperature and flow monitoring instruments are installed in the whole set of system for indirectly drying the washed fly ash, and the stable operation condition of the drying system is monitored through real-time online data, so that various process control conditions in the system can be adjusted, and the drying efficiency of the washed fly ash is fully ensured.
The invention carries out drying treatment on the washed fly ash by using an indirect drying mode, changes the traditional direct drying technology, reduces the generation amount of smoke, reduces the dust content of the smoke and reduces the overall energy consumption of the system.
Claims (10)
1. A system for indirectly drying water washing fly ash is characterized in that: the device mainly comprises a mixing unit, a heat source generating unit, an indirect drying unit, a flue gas treatment unit and a finished product fly ash storage unit;
the mixing unit is an inlet of a water washing fly ash indirect drying system, an outlet of the mixing unit is connected with a feed inlet of the indirect drying unit, an outlet of the heat source generating unit is connected with a heat source inlet of the indirect drying unit, a dust gas outlet of the indirect drying unit is connected with an inlet of the flue gas processing unit, a discharge outlet of the indirect drying unit is connected with an inlet of the finished product fly ash storage unit, and an outlet of the finished product fly ash storage unit is an outlet of the water washing fly ash indirect drying system.
2. The system for water washing fly ash indirect drying according to claim 1, wherein: the mixing unit comprises a mixer and a fly ash conveying device; the mixer is provided with two feed inlets, namely a washing fly ash feed inlet and a drying fly ash feed inlet, and the drying fly ash and the washing fly ash are subjected to homogeneous mixing in the mixer.
3. The system for indirect drying of water-washed fly ash according to claim 1, wherein: the heat source generating unit comprises a water softener, a heat source generator, a condensed water collector and a heat exchanger;
an inlet of the condensed water collector is connected with a condensed water outlet of the indirect dryer, an outlet of the condensed water collector is connected with an inlet of the heat source generator, an inlet of the heat exchanger is connected with an outlet of the flue gas treatment unit, and an outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with a jacket steam inlet of the indirect dryer; the heat exchanger carries out secondary heating for the high-temperature flue gas discharged by the flue gas treatment unit.
4. The system for indirect drying of water-washed fly ash according to claim 1, wherein: the indirect drying unit comprises a constant feeder and an indirect dryer;
the indirect dryer is a rotary disc dryer, a rotary dryer or a paddle dryer; the rotating shaft of the indirect dryer is variable-frequency and adjustable; the internal gas environment of the indirect dryer is micro negative pressure which is lower than the environmental pressure by less than 5 KPa; a construction member is arranged in the indirect dryer; the heat source of the indirect dryer is selected from saturated steam, superheated steam or heat conducting oil.
5. The system for indirect drying of water-washed fly ash according to claim 1, wherein: the flue gas treatment unit comprises a dust remover, an induced draft fan and a monitoring instrument;
the dust remover is a pulse bag dust remover, and the bag material of the pulse bag dust remover is preferably a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) coated film; the monitoring instruments are temperature and pressure instruments and are arranged in front of and behind the dust remover.
6. The system for indirect drying of water-washed fly ash according to claim 1, wherein: the finished fly ash storage unit comprises a finished fly ash storage bin, a finished fly ash temporary storage bin and a finished fly ash conveying pipeline;
the inlet of the fly ash temporary storage bin is connected with the inlet of the fly ash storage bin, and fly ash is conveyed to the finished fly ash storage bin and the finished fly ash temporary storage bin by adopting a chute; and the finished product fly ash is temporarily stored in a bin and recycled to the mixing unit.
7. The aqueous washed fly ash indirect drying process of the system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: comprises the following steps
(1) Preparing a mixed material: the water washing fly ash is conveyed to a water washing fly ash inlet of the mixer, the dry fly ash in the fly ash temporary storage bin is conveyed to a dry fly ash inlet of the mixer through a screw conveyor, and the water washing fly ash and the dry fly ash are stirred and mixed in the mixer;
(2) preheating equipment: turning on a tap water switch, softening the water by a water softener, then feeding the softened water into a heat source generator, and then conveying the generated saturated steam to a heat source inlet of an indirect dryer through a heat insulation pipeline to preheat the indirect dryer;
(3) indirect drying: after the heat source preheats the indirect dryer, the fly ash mixed in the step (1) is conveyed to a feed inlet of the indirect dryer through a screw, the material moves to a discharge end through the rotation of a turntable inside the dryer, and the fly ash is contacted with a partition wall of the heat source for heat transfer in the moving process of the material, so that the moisture content of the fly ash is reduced; meanwhile, condensed water discharged from the indirect dryer enters a condensed water collector for cyclic utilization;
(4) fly ash storage: conveying the dried material in the step (3) to a finished product fly ash storage bin and a finished product fly ash temporary storage bin through a discharge end; the fly ash in the finished fly ash storage bin is used for subsequent resource treatment and utilization, and the fly ash in the finished fly ash temporary storage bin is returned to the mixing unit for cyclic utilization;
(5) flue gas treatment: the wet-carrying flue gas generated in the intermediate dryer in the step (3) enters a flue gas treatment unit, dust in the wet-carrying flue gas is removed by a bag-type dust remover, and the concentration of particulate matters in the flue gas is ensured to be less than or equal to 10mg/m 3 (ii) a Temperature and pressure monitoring instruments are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the bag-type dust collector, and the problem of blockage of the bag-type dust collector due to condensation of moisture-carrying smoke is prevented through data monitoring; the fly ash collected by the bag-type dust collector enters a finished fly ash storage bin;
(6) and (3) waste heat utilization: and (5) reheating the high-temperature flue gas subjected to dust removal in the step (5) by using a heat exchanger, and then taking the reheated high-temperature flue gas as a heat source to enter a jacket of the indirect dryer for secondary utilization.
8. The indirect drying method for water-washed fly ash according to claim 7, wherein in the step (1), the water content of the mixed material is reduced to 10% -30% in the mixer, and the mixing time of the material is 2-3min.
9. The indirect drying process of water-washed fly ash of claim 7, wherein the saturated steam condition in the step (2) is 0.5-0.8MPa.
10. The indirect drying method of water-washed fly ash according to claim 7, wherein the water content of the fly ash after drying in the step (3) is less than or equal to 5%, and the drying time can be set to 1.5-2.5 hours.
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