CN115596793A - Negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb metamaterial with multi-step deformation effect - Google Patents
Negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb metamaterial with multi-step deformation effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a negative Poisson ratio honeycomb metamaterial with a multi-step deformation effect, which comprises a plurality of single cells which are arranged in the same plane in a transverse and longitudinal periodic manner, wherein the single cells are all composed of long rods, and the long rods in all the single cells are positioned in the same plane; the unit cell comprises a double arrow rod structure and two inclined rods, one ends of the two inclined rods are connected with each other, the other ends of the two inclined rods are connected with two vertexes on the left side and the right side of the double arrow rod structure respectively, the double arrow rod structure comprises two arrow-shaped rod structures, two ends of the two arrow-shaped rod structures are overlapped, and the double arrow rod structure and the two inclined rods are bilaterally symmetrical. The metamaterial provided by the invention can realize multi-step deformation, the first step of deformation is that two inclined rods on the upper layer of the double arrow are subjected to layer-by-layer buckling deformation, the buffer effect can be realized on the condition of small impact load, the second step of deformation is a double-arrow-shaped structural deformation mode, the structure shows an obvious negative Poisson ratio effect, and the two-step deformation can cooperate to buffer various impact working conditions and improve the energy absorption efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical metamaterial design, in particular to a negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb metamaterial with a multi-step deformation effect.
Background
The mechanical metamaterial is a material which is designed manually and shows special mechanical properties which are not possessed by the traditional material, and the special mechanical properties of the metamaterial are related to the structural design of a unit cell. Typical mechanical metamaterials are generally related to elastic constants such as elastic modulus and Poisson ratio, and negative Poisson ratio materials are materials with Poisson ratio showing extraordinary mechanical properties.
Negative poisson's ratio materials typically expand (or contract) laterally when the material is subjected to axial tension (or compression), and exhibit negative poisson's ratios. The Poisson ratio of the material is related to the elastic modulus and the shear modulus, and due to the special structural design, the structure shows a negative Poisson ratio effect, has shear resistance, crush resistance, high fracture toughness and high energy absorption efficiency, and has wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace engineering, automobile industry, packaging, human body protection and the like.
The existing negative poisson ratio honeycomb structure mostly has a single-step path, namely, the structure only has a single deformation mode under the load, and the multitask application of the structure is limited. The multi-step deformation structure can generate conversion of multiple deformation modes under the action of load, so that the double-platform or multi-platform characteristic can be shown, and the compression performance and the controllability are better, so that the multi-step deformation form of the mechanical metamaterial has important research value and wide application space, but the multi-step deformation structure, particularly the multi-step deformation structure with the negative Poisson's ratio effect, is still less and needs to be further explored, and therefore, the design of the mechanical metamaterial with the multi-step deformation is necessary and meaningful.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the negative Poisson ratio honeycomb metamaterial with the multi-step deformation effect can be provided, the metamaterial provided by the invention can realize multi-step deformation, the first step of deformation is that two inclined rods on the upper layer of a double arrow are subjected to layer-by-layer buckling deformation, the buffer effect can be realized on the condition of small impact load, the second step of deformation is a double-arrow-shaped structure deformation mode, the structure shows the obvious negative Poisson ratio effect, and the two-step deformation can cooperate to buffer various impact working conditions and improve the energy absorption efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb metamaterial with a multi-step deformation effect comprises a plurality of unit cells which are arranged in the same plane in a transverse and longitudinal periodic mode, all the unit cells are composed of long rods, and the long rods in all the unit cells are located in the same plane;
the unit cell comprises a double-arrow-head rod structure and two inclined rods, one ends of the two inclined rods are connected with each other, the other ends of the two inclined rods are connected with two vertexes on the left side and the right side of the double-arrow-head rod structure respectively, the double-arrow-head rod structure comprises two arrow-head-shaped rod structures, and two ends of the two arrow-head-shaped rod structures are overlapped.
Furthermore, the top of the bottom end of the double arrow rod structure of the two longitudinally adjacent unit cells positioned above is connected with the intersection point of the two inclined rods of the unit cell positioned below;
the right vertex of the double-arrow-head rod structure of the two unit cells which are transversely adjacent is connected with the left vertex of the double-arrow-head rod structure of the unit cell which is positioned on the right side.
Furthermore, two arrow head rod structures include two lower poles and two upper poles, and the bottom interconnect of two lower poles forms first indent bending structure, and the bottom interconnect of two upper poles forms second indent bending structure, and just first indent bending structure is located the below of second indent bending structure, and the top of two lower poles is connected with the top of the upper pole with one side respectively.
Furthermore, the length of the inclined rods is the same as that of the upper rods, and the two inclined rods and the two upper rods form a diamond structure.
Further, the included angle alpha epsilon [0, 45 degrees ] between the lower rod and the vertical direction is formed.
Furthermore, the clamp theta epsilon [0, 180-2 alpha ] between the inclined rod and the upper rod, wherein alpha is the included angle between the lower rod and the vertical direction.
Furthermore, the unit cell is in a left-right symmetrical structure.
Furthermore, the double-arrow-head rod structure and the two inclined rods are in the same plane, and the thicknesses of the double-arrow-head rod structure and the inclined rods in the outer direction of the plane are the same.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
when the honeycomb metamaterial with the negative Poisson ratio and the multistep deformation effect is compressed to deform, the first step of deformation is that the inclined rod is bent until the inclined rod is contacted with a double-arrow-shaped structure, the second step of deformation corresponds to a deformation mode of the double-arrow-shaped structure, the negative Poisson ratio effect is shown, an obvious secondary platform effect is shown, the honeycomb metamaterial with the negative Poisson ratio has the characteristic of two-step deformation, the multistep deformation is cooperated to buffer various impact working conditions and improve the energy absorption efficiency of the structure, in addition, the structure shows the negative Poisson ratio effect in the deformation process, and the negative Poisson ratio metamaterial has the advantages of excellent shearing resistance, impact resistance, fracture resistance, noise reduction and energy absorption performance and the like;
the negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb metamaterial can change the deformation mode and the mechanical response thereof through geometric parameter regulation and control, and design the material parameters according to different requirements, thereby realizing the programmable metamaterial.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb metamaterial according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a unit cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a parameter diagram of a unit cell of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the deformation process of the negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb metamaterial in the quasi-static compression (the sequence of the deformation process is from a to d);
FIG. 5 is a nominal stress-strain plot of a negative Poisson's ratio cellular metamaterial of the present invention under quasi-static compression;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation of Poisson's ratio of the negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb metamaterial according to the invention in quasi-static compression.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1. unit cell; 11. a double arrow shaft configuration; 111. a lower rod; 112. a rod is arranged; 12. a diagonal rod.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a negative poisson ratio honeycomb metamaterial with a multi-step deformation effect comprises a plurality of unit cells 1 which are arranged in a horizontal and longitudinal periodic manner in the same plane, wherein all the unit cells 1 are composed of long rods, and the long rods in all the unit cells 1 are positioned in the same plane;
the unit cell 1 includes two arrow shaft structures 11 and two down tube 12, the one end interconnect of two down tube 12, the other end is connected with two summits on two arrow shaft structure 11 left sides and right sides respectively, two arrow shaft structures 11 include two arrow shape rod structures, and the both ends coincidence of two arrow shape rod structures.
In one embodiment, the bottom vertex of the double arrow-head rod structure 11 of two longitudinally adjacent unit cells 1, the unit cell 1 located above is connected with the intersection point of two inclined rods 12 of the unit cell 1 located below;
the right vertex of the double arrow head rod structure 11 of two unit cells 1 which are adjacent in the transverse direction and are positioned on the left side of the unit cell 1 is connected with the left vertex of the double arrow head rod structure 11 of the unit cell 1 on the right side.
As an embodiment, the double-arrow-head rod structure 11 includes two lower rods 111 and two upper rods 112, bottom ends of the two lower rods 111 are connected to form a first concave-bending structure, bottom ends of the two upper rods 112 are connected to form a second concave-bending structure, the first concave-bending structure is located below the second concave-bending structure, and top ends of the two lower rods 111 are connected to top ends of the upper rods 112 on the same side respectively.
In one embodiment, the inclined rods 12 and the upper rods 112 have the same length, and the two inclined rods 12 and the two upper rods 112 form a diamond structure.
In one embodiment, the lower shaft 111 is angled from vertical by an angle α e [0, 45 ° ].
In one embodiment, the angle theta e [0, 180-2 alpha ] is the angle between the lower rod 111 and the vertical direction between the diagonal rod 12 and the upper rod 112.
In one embodiment, the unit cell 1 has a bilaterally symmetrical structure, and has the same thickness of the two diagonal rods 12, the same thickness of the two upper rods 112, the same thickness of the two lower rods 111, and different thicknesses of the diagonal rods 12, the upper rods 112, and the lower rods 111, and is specifically designed according to the required mechanical properties.
In one embodiment, the double-arrow-head rod structure 11 and the two diagonal rods 12 are both in the same plane, and the thicknesses of the double-arrow-head rod structure 11 and the diagonal rods 12 in the direction outside the plane are the same.
The negative poisson ratio honeycomb metamaterial with the multistep deformation effect can be prepared by a 3D printing technology, the 3D printing technology is used for printing powdered metal or plastic layer by layer to form a component, and the base material of the negative poisson ratio honeycomb metamaterial with the multistep deformation effect can be selected from nylon, stainless steel or aluminum alloy.
In the embodiment, the matrix material of the negative poisson ratio honeycomb metamaterial with the multi-step deformation effect is 316L stainless steel (the elastic modulus is 170.69GPa, the yield stress is 522.67MPa, and the poisson ratio is 0.3), as shown in fig. 3, the length L of the inclined rod is =10mm, and the inclined rod 12 and the upper rod 11 are connected with each other2, an included angle θ =60 °, an included angle α =30 ° between the lower bar 111 of the double-arrow-head bar structure 11 and the vertical direction, and a thickness t of the diagonal bar 12 1 =0.5mm, thickness t of upper rod 112 2 =1.2mm, thickness t of lower shaft 111 3 =1.2mm, and the thickness b of the unit cell 1 in the out-of-plane direction =6mm.
The example was analyzed using finite element software ABAQUS with the bottom rigid plate fixed and the top rigid plate loaded with displacement;
in the in-plane compression process, as shown in fig. 4, the deformation mode of the negative poisson ratio cellular metamaterial with the multi-step deformation effect under quasi-static compression can be divided into two steps, along with the increase of strain, the first step is that two inclined rods on the upper layer of the double arrow are subjected to buckling deformation layer by layer, the second step is a deformation mode of a double-arrow-shaped structure, along with the increase of longitudinal strain, the whole structure transversely contracts along the horizontal direction, and the structure shows an obvious negative poisson ratio effect. In the first-step deformation process, the structure is compressed in the vertical direction and slightly expanded in the horizontal direction, a positive Poisson's ratio effect is shown, corresponding to the buckling deformation of the upper-layer diagonal rods, the upper-layer diagonal rods contact the double-arrow-shaped structure, as shown in fig. 4 (b), and after the stage, the structure is converted from the first-step deformation to the second-step deformation; as shown in fig. 4 (c), the structure is deformed in the second step, the deformation mode of the structure is close to that of a double-arrow-shaped honeycomb structure, two sides of the whole structure are obviously deformed inwards, the lower inclined rods of the double-arrow-shaped structure are seriously deformed in a buckling manner, and the structure shows an obvious negative poisson ratio effect; as the compression displacement is further increased, the two-step deformation of the mold has fully developed, after which the mold develops significant densification deformation.
Fig. 5 is a nominal stress-strain curve of a negative poisson ratio honeycomb metamaterial with a multi-step deformation effect in quasi-static compression, and two stress platforms can be obviously seen in the curve. The nominal stress-strain curve is divided into 5 stages, namely an elastic stage, a first stress platform stage, a transition stage, a second stress platform stage and a densification stage. The first stress platform stage corresponds to progressive buckling deformation of the upper-layer inclined rod, and the whole model generates buckling deformation layer by layer, so that a wavy first stress platform is generated; the second stress platform stage is corresponding to the double-arrow-shaped structure and generates buckling deformation. It can be seen that the stress-strain curve of the structure exhibits a good mechanical response for the two-step deformation.
As shown in fig. 6, the poisson's ratio of the structure changes from positive to negative during quasi-static compression. With the increase of strain, the structure firstly generates weak transverse expansion, which corresponds to the first-step deformation characteristic; and then, with the gradual increase of the strain, the Poisson ratio is gradually changed into a negative value, so that an obvious negative Poisson ratio effect is shown, and the deformation characteristic of the second step is corresponded.
Compared with the traditional double-arrow honeycomb structure, in the compression process, the structure not only ensures the negative Poisson ratio effect, but also has the secondary platform effect due to the multi-step deformation of the structure, and obviously improves the energy absorption efficiency of the structure.
The foregoing is illustrative of the best mode of the invention and details not described herein are within the common general knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and any equivalent modifications based on the technical teaching of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The negative Poisson ratio honeycomb metamaterial with the multi-step deformation effect is characterized by comprising a plurality of unit cells (1) which are transversely and longitudinally and periodically arranged in the same plane, wherein all the unit cells (1) are composed of long rods, and the long rods in all the unit cells (1) are positioned in the same plane;
the unit cell (1) comprises a double arrow rod structure (11) and two inclined rods (12), one ends of the two inclined rods (12) are connected with each other, the other ends of the two inclined rods are connected with two vertexes of the left side and the right side of the double arrow rod structure (11) respectively, the double arrow rod structure (11) comprises two arrow-shaped rod structures, and two ends of the two arrow-shaped rod structures coincide.
2. The negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb metamaterial with the multi-step deformation effect according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom vertex of the double arrow-head rod structure (11) of two longitudinally adjacent unit cells (1) of the unit cell (1) located above is connected with the intersection point of the two diagonal rods (12) of the unit cell (1) located below;
two unit cells (1) which are adjacent in the transverse direction are connected with the right vertex of the double arrow rod structure (11) of the unit cell (1) on the left side and the left vertex of the double arrow rod structure (11) of the unit cell (1) on the right side.
3. The negative Poisson ratio honeycomb metamaterial with the multi-step deformation effect according to claim 1, wherein the double arrow-head rod structure (11) comprises two lower rods (111) and two upper rods (112), the bottom ends of the two lower rods (111) are connected with each other to form a first concave-bending structure, the bottom ends of the two upper rods (112) are connected with each other to form a second concave-bending structure, the first concave-bending structure is located below the second concave-bending structure, and the top ends of the two lower rods (111) are respectively connected with the top ends of the upper rods (112) on the same side.
4. The negative Poisson ratio honeycomb metamaterial with the multi-step deformation effect according to claim 3, wherein the inclined rods (12) and the upper rods (112) are the same in length, and the two inclined rods (12) and the two upper rods (112) form a diamond structure.
5. The negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb metamaterial with multi-step deformation effect in accordance with claim 3, wherein the lower rod (111) has an angle α e [0, 45 ° ] with the vertical direction.
6. The negative Poisson ratio honeycomb metamaterial with the multi-step deformation effect as claimed in claim 5, wherein the clamp θ e [0, 180 ° -2 α ] between the diagonal bar (12) and the upper bar (112) is the angle between the lower bar (111) and the vertical direction.
7. The negative Poisson ratio honeycomb metamaterial with the multi-step deformation effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the unit cell (1) is a left-right symmetric structure.
8. The negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb metamaterial with the multi-step deformation effect according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the double arrow-head rod structure (11) and the two inclined rods (12) are in the same plane, and the thicknesses of the double arrow-head rod structure (11) and the inclined rods (12) in the direction outside the plane are the same.
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