CN115594453A - Fiber geopolymer sheet and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fiber geopolymer sheet and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115594453A CN115594453A CN202211364883.5A CN202211364883A CN115594453A CN 115594453 A CN115594453 A CN 115594453A CN 202211364883 A CN202211364883 A CN 202211364883A CN 115594453 A CN115594453 A CN 115594453A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229920000876 geopolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
- B28C5/003—Methods for mixing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
- C04B12/005—Geopolymer cements, e.g. reaction products of aluminosilicates with alkali metal hydroxides or silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
- C04B7/26—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from raw materials containing flue dust, i.e. fly ash
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a fiber geopolymer plate and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of building materials. A fibrous geopolymer sheet comprising: solid powder, fiber and alkali activator; the solid powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 70-80% of fly ash, 15-25% of slag micro powder and 5-10% of limestone powder; the volume percentage of the fiber and the solid powder is 0.2 to 3 percent; the weight percentage of the alkali activator and the solid powder is 20 to 35 percent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing materials, hot pressing, carrying out multiple pressurization-pressure release operations during hot pressing, carrying out constant pressure pressing for 15-60min at certain time intervals, demoulding and maintaining. The fiber geopolymer plate with the smooth and flat surface and the fair-faced concrete appearance finish is prepared by a simple and feasible method, the surface of the fiber geopolymer plate is not frosted, and the fiber geopolymer plate can be used as a finish-structure integrated plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a fiber geopolymer plate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The cement is widely used as a basic building material in life, but the cost of the cement is high, and the production process not only consumes a large amount of resources and energy, but also produces a large amount of greenhouse gas CO 2 . The geopolymer is an inorganic gelled material formed by geopolymer reaction of a silicon-aluminum raw material at normal temperature or a certain temperature, and the preparation process of the geopolymer is free of CO 2 The method discharges the cement without high-temperature calcination, takes industrial solid wastes such as fly ash and slag as main raw materials, utilizes waste and saves energy, and has performance comparable to that of the traditional portland cement. The geopolymer sheet made of the geopolymer material gradually becomes a novel building material with wide application prospect.
However, since the geopolymer is formed by the alumino-silica material under the action of the alkali activator, the alkali activator needs to have a certain water glass modulus and alkali equivalent, and the higher the water glass modulus and alkali equivalent is, the more favorable the geopolymer sheet strength is. However, the higher the water glass modulus and alkali equivalent in the alkali activator, the more soluble ions contained therein, and the subsequent generation of floc-like spots (called blooming) on the surface of the geopolymer sheet as the water evaporates, which eventually causes problems of peeling, bulging, swelling, cracking, and the like. The problem of blooming affects both the appearance and the structural properties of the material. In the prior art, no effective solution for the problem of blooming exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fiber geopolymer plate and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a fibrous geopolymer sheet comprising: solid powder, fiber and alkali activator;
the solid powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 70-80% of fly ash, 15-25% of slag micro powder and 5-10% of limestone powder;
the volume percentage of the fiber and the solid powder is 0.2 to 3 percent;
the weight percentage of the alkali-activator and the solid powder is 20-35%.
The invention mixes fly ash, slag micropowder and limestone powder in a proper proportion to obtain a ternary admixture, and compounds the ternary admixture with fibers to prepare the fiber geopolymer plate with non-frosting surface under the synergistic action of particle gradation, fiber reinforcement and toughening, and the obtained product does not have the problems of peeling, bulging, expansion, cracking and the like which influence the appearance and the structural performance of the material, and can be used as a wall plate, a sandwich plate, a roof plate, a floor and the like with integrated veneer-structure.
Further, the modulus of the alkali-activator is 0.6-3, and the solid content is 20-50%. The alkali activator is prepared by mixing NaOH, water glass and water, wherein the modulus = n (silicon oxide)/n (sodium oxide), the solid content = (sodium silicate/alkali activator) × 100%, and the molar concentration of NaOH in the alkali activator is 8mol/L.
Furthermore, the single fiber length of the fiber is 5-20mm, the diameter of the single fiber is 5-140 μm, and the tensile strength is 1500-1700MPa; the fiber can be one or more of polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polypropylene fiber or steel fiber. The fiber mainly plays a role in strengthening and toughening, the fiber is too long and easy to agglomerate and difficult to disperse, and the fiber is too short, so that the strengthening and toughening effects are not satisfactory, and the fiber within the length, diameter and tensile strength ranges is a better choice and can play a good role in strengthening and toughening.
Further, the modulus of the alkali activator is 1, the solid content is 29%, the volume percentage of the fiber and the solid powder is 1.5%, and the weight percentage of the alkali activator and the solid powder is 35%.
On the basis of the previous step, the solid powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 76.9 percent of fly ash, 15.4 percent of slag micro powder and 7.7 percent of limestone powder. In the solid powder, the slag micro powder and the limestone powder mainly play a role in improving the whiteness of the appearance, and the whiteness of the fiber geopolymer plate is increased along with the increase of the doping amount of the slag micro powder and the limestone powder, but the roughness of the fiber geopolymer plate is influenced by the excessive doping amount of the slag micro powder and the limestone powder. The applicant has found that when the solid powder is mixed according to the weight percentage, the obtained fiber geopolymer plate has the advantages of higher density, higher flexural strength, good whiteness and extremely low roughness, the appearance is extremely close to that of fair-faced concrete, and the fiber geopolymer plate can be used as a facing-structure integrated material.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the fiber geopolymer plate, which comprises the following operation steps:
(1) Preparing materials: mixing fly ash, slag micropowder, limestone powder and fibers in proportion to obtain dry mixture, and preparing an alkali activator; after the alkali activator is prepared, the alkali activator is preferably used after being stored for 24 hours in a sealing manner in order to ensure better performance;
(2) Hot pressing: firstly, adding the dry mixture into a stirring pot, adding an alkali activator into the dry mixture after uniformly stirring, quickly filling the dry mixture into a preheated steel mold after uniformly stirring again, pressing the mixture at the temperature of 20-100 ℃ and under the pressure of 1-5MPa, performing multiple pressurization-pressure release operations during pressing, performing constant-pressure pressing for 15-60min at intervals every time, and finally demolding to obtain a semi-finished product;
(3) And (5) maintenance: and curing the semi-finished product in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity environment for 1-7 days.
In the prior art, the raw materials are heated by an oven and naturally formed when the geopolymer is prepared, the method needs more water, the addition amount of the alkali activator in the solid powder is at least more than 40 percent, and the naturally formed product has small density and large void ratio due to the large use amount of the alkali activator, so that the surface of the prepared plate is very easy to frost.
According to the application, the dry mixture and the alkali activator in scientific proportion are uniformly stirred and then are subjected to hot pressing, and multiple pressurizing-pressure releasing operations are adopted during hot pressing. Firstly, the particle grading of the multi-mineral admixture can obviously improve the compactness and reduce the porosity, and the strength of the plate can be obviously improved by the aid of fibers; secondly, the molding of the fiber geopolymer plate can be accelerated by pressure molding, which is beneficial to greatly reducing the water requirement for geopolymer molding, and then the use amount of the alkali-activator is obviously reduced, so that the problem of product blooming is radically solved; thirdly, air and redundant water in the mixture can be fully extruded by multiple times of pressurization and pressure release, the void ratio of the material is further reduced, the texture of the board is tighter, the dry shrinkage resistance and the impermeability are obviously enhanced, so that the seepage of soluble ions can be effectively prevented, the problem of blooming is avoided, the durability of the obtained board is better due to the increase of the compactness, and the surface is smoother and smoother.
Preferably, the temperature in the whole pressing process is 80 ℃, and the pressure increasing-releasing operation is carried out for 3-5 times at an interval of 1-2min; the pressure of the pressurization and the constant pressure pressing are both 3.2MPa, and the time of the constant pressure pressing is 40min. The applicant proves through creative experiments that the fiber geopolymer plate obtained under the condition has the advantages of flat, smooth and compact surface, as well as clear water concrete appearance finish without obvious scumming phenomenon, and is simple to operate, short in required time, low in energy consumption and easy to realize industrialization and scale production.
More preferably, in the step (3), the constant temperature is 20 +/-1 ℃, and the constant humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention prepares the fiber geopolymer plate without obvious blooming problem under the synergistic action of particle gradation of the multi-mineral admixture, fiber compounding and combined pressurization-pressure release. The preparation method of the fiber geopolymer plate provided by the invention is simple and easy to implement and has low energy consumption; the prepared fiber geopolymer sheet has flat, smooth and compact surface and density of 1.8-2.6g/cm 3 The static bending strength is 10-31MPa, no plastering is needed, and the coating can be used as a facingStructurally integrated wall panels, sandwich panels, roof panels, floor panels, etc.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the products obtained in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a multi-angle display of the product obtained in example 5 of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a display view after 90 days at room air ventilation, wherein: (a) The products obtained in examples 1-4 of the present invention, and (b) the products obtained in the blank and comparative examples 1-3.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The alkali activators used in the following examples and comparative examples were prepared by mixing NaOH, water glass and water. When in preparation, a certain amount of water and sodium hydroxide are added into the water glass, stirred and dissolved to obtain the alkali activator with specific solid content (namely the content of the sodium silicate) and specific modulus, and the alkali activator is used after standing for 24 hours. Water glass and NaOH are commercially available and have a purity of not less than 99%. During hot pressing, a QC-602A electric hot press molding tester produced by Guanghe rhenium instruments GmbH is adopted.
Example 1
A fiber geopolymer sheet is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparing materials: mixing fly ash, slag micro powder and limestone powder to obtain solid powder, wherein the mass percentages of the fly ash, the slag micro powder and the limestone powder in the solid powder are 70%, 25% and 5% in sequence, adding polyvinyl alcohol fiber with the volume percentage of 0.2% into the solid powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain dry mixture, wherein the single fiber length of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber is 5-20mm, the single fiber diameter is 5-140 mu m, and the tensile strength is 1500-1700MPa; preparing an alkali activator with the modulus of 3 and the solid content of 20 percent, standing for more than 24 hours and then using;
(2) Hot pressing: adding the dry mixture into a stirring pot, uniformly stirring, adding an alkali activator into the stirring pot, wherein the mass percentage of the alkali activator to solid powder is 20%, rapidly filling the mixture into a steel mould preheated to 40 ℃ after uniformly stirring again, pressing the mixture at 40 ℃ and 1MPa, firstly pressurizing to 1MPa for 3 times and releasing the pressure, wherein the interval is 2min each time, then pressing at constant pressure for 15min, and finally demoulding to obtain a semi-finished product;
(3) And (5) maintenance: and curing the semi-finished product in a constant-humidity environment with the constant temperature of 20 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity of more than or equal to 95% for 3 days.
Example 2
A fiber geopolymer sheet is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparing materials: mixing fly ash, slag micro powder and limestone powder to obtain solid powder, wherein the mass percentages of the fly ash, the slag micro powder and the limestone powder in the solid powder are 80%, 15% and 5% in sequence, adding polypropylene fiber with the volume percentage of 1% into the solid powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain dry mixture, wherein the single fiber length of the polypropylene fiber is 5-20mm, the single fiber diameter is 5-140 mu m, and the tensile strength is 1500-1700MPa; preparing an alkali activator with the modulus of 2 and the solid content of 40%, standing for more than 24 hours and then using;
(2) Hot pressing: adding the dry mixture into a stirring pot, uniformly stirring, adding an alkali activator into the stirring pot, wherein the mass percentage of the alkali activator to solid powder is 30%, rapidly filling the mixture into a steel mould preheated to 100 ℃ after uniformly stirring again, pressing at 100 ℃ and 2MPa, pressurizing to 2MPa and releasing pressure for 4 times at an interval of 1min every time, pressing at constant pressure for 30min, and finally demoulding to obtain a semi-finished product;
(3) And (3) maintenance: and (3) curing the semi-finished product for 1 day in a constant-humidity environment with the constant temperature of 20 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity of more than or equal to 95%.
Example 3
A fiber geopolymer sheet is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparing materials: mixing fly ash, slag micro powder and limestone powder to obtain solid powder, wherein the mass percentages of the fly ash, the slag micro powder and the limestone powder in the solid powder are 75%, 15% and 10% in sequence, adding polyvinyl alcohol fiber with the volume percentage of 1.5% into the solid powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain dry mixture, wherein the single fiber length of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber is 5-20mm, the single fiber diameter is 5-140 mu m, and the tensile strength is 1500-1700MPa; preparing an alkali activator with the modulus of 1 and the solid content of 29 percent, standing for more than 24 hours and then using;
(2) Hot pressing: firstly, adding the dry mixture into a stirring pot, adding an alkali activator into the dry mixture after uniformly stirring, wherein the mass percentage of the alkali activator to solid powder is 35%, quickly filling the dry mixture into a steel mold preheated to 80 ℃ after uniformly stirring again, pressing the mixture at the temperature of 80 ℃ and the pressure of 3.2MPa, firstly pressurizing to 3.2MPa and releasing the pressure for 4 times at intervals of 1.5min each time, then pressing at constant pressure for 40min, and finally demolding to obtain a semi-finished product;
(3) And (5) maintenance: and curing the semi-finished product in a constant-humidity environment with the constant temperature of 20 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity of more than or equal to 95% for 5 days.
Example 4
A fiber geopolymer sheet is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparing materials: mixing fly ash, slag micro powder and limestone powder to obtain solid powder, wherein the mass percentages of the fly ash, the slag micro powder and the limestone powder in the solid powder are 70%, 23% and 7% in sequence, then adding steel fiber with the volume percentage of 3% into the solid powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain dry mixture, wherein the length of a single fiber of the steel fiber is 5-20mm, the diameter of the single fiber is 5-140 mu m, and the tensile strength is 1500-1700MPa; preparing an alkali activator with the modulus of 0.6 and the solid content of 50%, standing for more than 24h and then using;
(2) Hot pressing: firstly, adding the dry mixture into a stirring pot, adding an alkali activator into the dry mixture after uniformly stirring, wherein the mass percentage of the alkali activator to solid powder is 25%, quickly filling the mixture into a steel mold preheated to 20 ℃ after uniformly stirring again, pressing the mixture at 20 ℃ and 5MPa, pressurizing to 5MPa and releasing the pressure for 3 times at intervals of 2min every time, then pressing at constant pressure for 60min, and finally demolding to obtain a semi-finished product;
(3) And (5) maintenance: and (5) curing the semi-finished product for 7 days in a constant-humidity environment with the constant temperature of 20 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity of more than or equal to 95%.
Example 5
Compared with the embodiment 3, the mass percentages of the fly ash, the slag micro powder and the limestone powder in the solid powder are 76.9%, 15.4% and 7.7% in sequence. The remaining test parameters were the same as in example 3.
Blank example
Compared with the embodiment 3, the solid powder is all fly ash, polyvinyl alcohol fiber is not added, and the natural molding is only carried out at 80 ℃. The remaining test parameters were the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 1
Compared with example 3, step (2) of comparative example 1 specifically comprises: adding the dry mixture into a stirring pot, uniformly stirring, adding an alkali activator into the stirring pot, quickly filling the mixture into a steel mould preheated to 80 ℃ after uniformly stirring again, pressing for 40min at 80 ℃ and 3.2MPa, and finally demoulding to obtain a semi-finished product. The remaining test parameters were the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the example 3, the solid powder is 100 percent of fly ash, and the rest test parameters are the same as those of the example 3.
Comparative example 3
The test parameters were the same as in example 3, except that the polyvinyl alcohol fibers were not added, as compared with example 3.
As shown in fig. 1 (reference numerals 1 to 4 correspond to products of examples 1 to 4, respectively): the products obtained in the embodiments 1-4 of the invention have smooth surfaces and no obvious holes. As shown in fig. 2: the product obtained in example 5 has smaller surface roughness and higher whiteness, and has almost no difference from fair-faced concrete in visual effect.
The products obtained in examples 1 to 5, the blank example and comparative examples 1 to 3 were placed in an indoor air ventilation place, and whether or not the blooming occurred after 90 days was observed. As shown in fig. 3: in FIG. 3 (a), the numbers 1 to 4 correspond to those of examples 1 to 4 in sequence, in FIG. 3 (b), the numbers 0 to 3 correspond to those of the blank, comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 in sequence, respectively, the blank blooming is most obvious, the comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 are relatively obvious but better than that of the blank, the comparative example 3 slightly blooms, and the products of examples 1 to 4 have no visible blooming. The appearance of the product obtained in example 5 after long-term use is not visually distinguished from that shown in fig. 2, which fully indicates that the product can be used as a facing-structure integrated material. Meanwhile, the apparent density and flexural strength (according to the test method shown in GB/T7019-2014) of each product are shown in the following table:
| density g/cm 3 | Flexural strength MPa | Whether or not to bloom | |
| Example 1 | 2.2 | 28 | Whether or not |
| Example 2 | 2.4 | 24 | Whether or not |
| Example 3 | 2.5 | 30 | Whether or not |
| Example 4 | 2.1 | 25 | Whether or not |
| Example 5 | 2.6 | 31 | Whether or not |
| Blank example | 1.4 | 6 | Obvious blooming |
| Comparative example 1 | 1.8 | 20 | Relatively obvious blooming |
| Comparative example 2 | 1.5 | 16 | Relatively obvious blooming |
| Comparative example 3 | 1.6 | 8 | Slight bloom |
According to the building material industry standard of the people's republic of China: the JC/T412.2-2018 fiber cement flat plate part 2 is divided into five strength grades of R1 grade, R2 grade, R3 grade, R4 grade and R5 grade according to the grade division standard of the flexural strength of the fiber cement plate, the standard lower limit values of the flexural strength are respectively 8, 11, 14, 18 and 24MPa, and the flexural strength of the plate obtained in the embodiments 1-5 of the invention is R5 grade.
According to the building material industry standard of the people's republic of China: JC/T412.2-2006 fiberThe 2 nd part of the cement panel is divided into three density grades of 0.9-1.2g/cm 3 Is low density board, 1.2-1.5g/cm 3 Is a medium density board, 1.5-2.0g/cm 3 High density board), the boards obtained in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention were all high density boards.
From the blank, comparative examples 1 to 3 and example 3, it can be seen that: under the synergistic action of grain composition, fiber and pressure-releasing of the multi-mineral admixture, the density of the product is from 1.4g/cm 3 Increased to 2.6g/cm 3 The yield is improved by 85.7%; the breaking strength is improved from 6MPa to 31MPa, and is improved by 417%; meanwhile, the blooming problem of the fiber geopolymer plate is also obviously improved.
The three factors of pressure-release, fiber and particle grading of the multi-mineral admixture are all absent, and participate, act synergistically and influence each other together, so that the density and the breaking strength of the fiber geopolymer plate are greatly improved, the blooming phenomenon is obviously improved, the integrity of the geopolymer plate is ensured, and the service life of the geopolymer plate is prolonged.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein. The components or connections not specifically described in the present invention are conventional in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A fibrous geopolymer sheet characterized by: the fiber geopolymer plate comprises: solid powder, fiber and alkali activator;
the solid powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 70-80% of fly ash, 15-25% of slag micro powder and 5-10% of limestone powder;
the volume percentage of the fiber to the solid powder is 0.2 to 3 percent;
the weight percentage of the alkali activator and the solid powder is 20-35%.
2. A fibrous geopolymer sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: the modulus of the alkali excitant is 0.6-3, and the solid content is 20-50%.
3. The fibrous geopolymer sheet of claim 1, wherein: the single fiber length of the fiber is 5-20mm, the single fiber diameter is 5-140 μm, and the tensile strength is 1500-1700MPa.
4. The fibrous geopolymer sheet according to claim 3, characterized in that: the fiber is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polypropylene fiber and steel fiber.
5. The fibrous geopolymer sheet of claim 1, wherein: the modulus of the alkali activator is 1, the solid content is 29%, the volume percentage of the fiber to the solid powder is 1.5%, and the weight percentage of the alkali activator to the solid powder is 35%.
6. The fibrous geopolymer sheet according to claim 5, characterized in that: the solid powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 76.9 percent of fly ash, 15.4 percent of slag micropowder and 7.7 percent of limestone powder.
7. A method for preparing a fibrous geopolymer sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following operation steps:
(1) Preparing materials: mixing fly ash, slag micropowder, limestone powder and fibers in proportion to obtain dry mixture, and preparing an alkali activator;
(2) Hot pressing: firstly, adding the dry mixture into a stirring pot, adding an alkali activator into the dry mixture after the dry mixture is uniformly stirred, quickly filling the dry mixture into a preheated steel mold after the dry mixture is uniformly stirred again, pressing the dry mixture at the temperature of 20-100 ℃ and under the pressure of 1-5MPa, performing multiple pressurizing-pressure releasing operations during pressing, performing constant-pressure pressing for 15-60min at intervals every time, and finally demolding to obtain a semi-finished product;
(3) And (5) maintenance: and curing the semi-finished product in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity environment for 1-7 days.
8. The method for preparing a fiber geopolymer sheet according to claim 7, wherein: the pressing temperature in the hot pressing is 80 ℃, the pressing pressure of the pressurization and the constant pressure are both 3.2MPa, the pressurization-pressure release is carried out for 3-5 times, the interval is 1-2min each time, and then the constant pressure pressing is carried out for 40min.
9. The method for preparing a fiber geopolymer sheet according to claim 7, wherein: in the step (3), the constant temperature refers to 20 +/-1 ℃, and the constant humidity refers to the humidity of more than or equal to 95%.
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