CN115592423B - Processing device for laser-assisted drilling - Google Patents
Processing device for laser-assisted drilling Download PDFInfo
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- CN115592423B CN115592423B CN202211523365.3A CN202211523365A CN115592423B CN 115592423 B CN115592423 B CN 115592423B CN 202211523365 A CN202211523365 A CN 202211523365A CN 115592423 B CN115592423 B CN 115592423B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P25/00—Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress
- B23P25/003—Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress immediately preceding a cutting tool
- B23P25/006—Heating the workpiece by laser during machining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B47/00—Constructional features of components specially designed for boring or drilling machines; Accessories therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of material processing of laser-assisted drilling, and particularly relates to a processing device of laser-assisted drilling, which comprises a tool shank matched with a main shaft of a processing center, and a main sliding ring, an auxiliary sliding ring and a tool body which are coaxially arranged with the tool shank, wherein a cylindrical cavity is formed in the tool body; the cylindrical cavity is connected with a central laser generator, a peripheral laser generator, a driving structure, an annular condenser lens and a telescopic cylinder, and a piston of the telescopic cylinder is connected with a drilling tool. The device can realize the processing of laser and drilling while apposition, has improved machining efficiency when reducing the processing degree of difficulty, and under the drive of telescoping cylinder, telescopic motion about the drilling cutter can be realized, and before drilling processing, shrink drilling cutter through the position of adjusting peripheral laser generator and polarizer, can realize the laser softening treatment to the preprocessing hole site, can carry out laser strengthening treatment on the surface in processing hole after the drilling processing moves back moreover.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material processing of laser-assisted drilling, and particularly relates to a processing device of laser-assisted drilling.
Background
Drilling is one of the most widely used processing technologies in the field of machining and manufacturing, however, with the rapid development of the domestic aerospace field, the military field, the automobile manufacturing field and the like, the requirement of the domestic manufacturing industry for prolonging the service life of parts is increased day by day, so that the strength and hardness of the machined material are also obviously improved, which increases the difficulty for drilling and machining, especially for difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium alloy, high-temperature alloy and the like.
Laser processing is used as a high-energy beam processing technology, and can realize transient softening of the material of the processed area, so that the strength and hardness of the material of the processed area are reduced, and the processing efficiency of the material is improved. Meanwhile, the high focusing of the laser energy has little influence on the processing precision. Therefore, the laser-assisted drilling process can efficiently complete the machining task without affecting the strength and hardness of the machined material. The machining device with the laser-assisted drilling function has important guiding significance for machining parts in the fields of rapidly-developed aerospace, military industry, automobile manufacturing and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to integrate laser and drilling technologies on the same processing device, and provides a processing device for laser-assisted drilling.
The technical means for solving the technical problems of the invention is as follows: the machining device comprises a tool shank matched with a main shaft of a machining center, and a main sliding ring, an auxiliary sliding ring and a cutter body which are coaxially arranged with the tool shank, wherein the auxiliary sliding ring is positioned below the main sliding ring;
the center of the top of the cylindrical cavity is fixedly connected with a central laser generator, the side wall of the cylindrical cavity is also hinged with at least two peripheral laser generators which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, a driving structure for driving the peripheral laser generators to rotate around a hinged shaft is further arranged in the cylindrical cavity, the bottom of the cylindrical cavity is provided with an annular condenser lens which enables laser of the peripheral laser generators to penetrate, the middle of the annular condenser lens is provided with a telescopic cylinder which is coaxial with a tool shank, the inner ring of the annular condenser lens is in clearance fit with the cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder, a drilling tool which is coaxial with the tool shank is detachably connected onto a piston of the telescopic cylinder, a vertical through hole for avoiding laser of the central laser generator is formed in the central shaft of the telescopic cylinder and the drilling tool, and a circular condenser lens is fixed at an orifice of the top of the telescopic cylinder through hole;
first signal transmission lines of the central laser generator and the peripheral laser generators penetrate through the auxiliary slip rings and then are connected with the main slip ring and are connected with an external laser power supply through the main slip ring;
the driving structure and the telescopic cylinder are connected with an external control device through an auxiliary slip ring.
Preferably, the control means comprises a hydraulic control assembly; the driving structure comprises at least one hydraulic push rod; the auxiliary slip ring comprises a hydraulic inner ring and a hydraulic outer ring which are connected through ball bearings, the hydraulic inner ring is in transition fit with the tool holder, a through hole for penetrating a first signal transmission line is formed in the hydraulic inner ring, a plurality of annular hydraulic grooves coaxial with the tool holder are formed in the bottom wall of the hydraulic outer ring, the bottoms of different annular hydraulic grooves extend to the side wall of the hydraulic outer ring through the through hole respectively and are connected with a hydraulic control assembly through different hydraulic pipelines, a movable ring plate coaxial with the annular hydraulic grooves is installed at the notch of the annular hydraulic grooves, bearing balls and a plurality of first sealing rings are arranged between the side wall of the movable ring plate and the side wall of the annular hydraulic grooves to ensure that the movable ring plate can rotate around the axis of the annular hydraulic grooves, a hydraulic transfer hole is formed in the movable ring plate, a hydraulic transfer pipe is connected to the hydraulic transfer pipe through threads in the hydraulic transfer hole, the other end of the hydraulic transfer pipe penetrates through the top of the tool body and extends to the side wall of the cylindrical cavity from the side wall of the tool body, and the other ends of the different hydraulic transfer pipes are communicated with different hydraulic push rods respectively.
Preferably, the telescopic cylinder is a hydraulic cylinder driven by hydraulic pressure, a mounting hole is formed in the center of the top of a cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder, the circular condenser is connected to the mounting hole in a sealing mode, a light-transmitting cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the circular condenser, vertical through holes for avoiding laser of the central laser generator are formed in the piston of the telescopic cylinder and the central shaft of the drilling tool respectively, the bottom end of the light-transmitting cylinder extends into the vertical through hole of the piston of the telescopic cylinder, and a second sealing ring is arranged between the bottom end of the light-transmitting cylinder and the piston of the telescopic cylinder; the cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder penetrates through the side wall of the cutter body through a hydraulic adapter tube and then is connected with a movable annular plate in a corresponding annular hydraulic groove in the hydraulic outer ring, and further is connected with the hydraulic control assembly through the annular hydraulic groove; the hydraulic control assembly is also connected with a control computer for adjusting the hydraulic strength.
Preferably, a polarizer is correspondingly arranged below each peripheral laser generator, the polarizer is used for matching with the peripheral laser generator right above the polarizer to enable laser emitted by the polarizer to reach a specified position, the polarizer is connected to the side wall of the cylindrical cavity through at least one hydraulic push rod, and the hydraulic push rod penetrates through the side wall of the cutter body through a hydraulic adapter tube and then is connected with a movable annular plate in an annular hydraulic groove corresponding to the hydraulic outer ring, and further is connected with the hydraulic control assembly through the annular hydraulic groove.
Preferably, peripheral laser generator passes through supporting component and is connected with cylindrical cavity, supporting component includes the backup pad, the cylinder axle with be fixed in the radial ascending support arm of cylindrical cavity, the cylinder axle forms T shape structure after being close to peripheral laser generator's tip with the support arm links to each other, the epaxial all covers of cylinder that are located the support arm both sides are equipped with the drum, and the both ends integrated into one piece of cylinder axle has the baffle that prevents the drum slippage, two drums all are through the back fixed connection of landing leg with the backup pad, a piston connection to the back of backup pad for driving peripheral laser generator pivoted hydraulic push rod, peripheral laser generator openly can dismantle with the backup pad through fixed buckle and be connected.
Preferably, the fixed buckle comprises a three-dimensional structure with an I-shaped cross section, the peripheral laser generator is fixed on the front side wall of the fixed buckle, concave through holes are formed in the left side and the right side of the fixed buckle respectively, two ends of each concave through hole are located on the left side wall and the right side wall of the fixed buckle, concave supporting pieces are matched in the concave through holes, two ends of each concave supporting piece penetrate out of two ends of each concave through hole respectively, the middle parts of the concave through holes are larger than the middle parts of the concave supporting pieces so as to ensure that the concave supporting pieces can horizontally move in the concave through holes in the inner direction and the outer direction, buttons are connected to the front ends of the concave supporting pieces, return springs penetrate through the concave supporting pieces between the buttons and the front ends of the concave through holes, grooves matched with the rear side walls of the fixed buckles are formed in the front faces of the supporting plates, and clamping grooves for containing the rear end parts of the concave supporting pieces are formed in the grooves.
Preferably, an angle sensor is further fixed on the peripheral laser generator, and a second signal transmission line of the angle sensor sequentially penetrates through the top wall of the cutter body and the hydraulic inner ring and then is connected with an external control computer through a main slip ring to control the rotation angle of the peripheral laser generator.
Preferably, when the piston end of the telescopic cylinder is located at the farthest point of the stroke, the bottom of the piston extends out of the bottom of the cutter body, a cylindrical groove for mounting a drilling cutter is formed in the bottom of the piston of the telescopic cylinder, a cutter gland penetrates through the drilling cutter, a cutter chuck is matched between the cutter gland and the drilling cutter, and the cutter gland is in threaded connection with the bottom of the piston of the telescopic cylinder to fix the drilling cutter.
Preferably, the annular collecting lens is formed by combining three fan-shaped annular collecting lenses, a first pressing plate is connected to two radius edges of each fan-shaped annular collecting lens, a second pressing plate is connected to the periphery of each fan-shaped annular collecting lens, adjacent fan-shaped annular collecting lenses are fixedly connected through the first pressing plates, and each fan-shaped annular collecting lens is fixed to the bottom of the cutter body through the second pressing plate.
Preferably, the number of the peripheral laser generators is three, the three peripheral laser generators are respectively located at the upper part of the cylindrical cavity, the three polarizers are respectively located at the middle lower part of the cylindrical cavity, and the three peripheral laser generators respectively correspond to the upper and lower positions of the three fan-shaped annular collecting lenses and the three polarizers.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device can realize simultaneous and coordinated processing of laser and drilling, improves the processing efficiency while reducing the processing difficulty, can realize up-and-down telescopic motion of the drilling tool under the driving of the telescopic cylinder, can shrink the drilling tool before drilling processing, can realize laser softening processing on a pre-processing hole site by adjusting the positions of the peripheral laser generator and the polarizer, can perform laser strengthening processing on the surface of a processing hole after the drilling processing is retreated, and has important guiding significance for processing parts in the fields of aerospace, military industry, automobile manufacturing and the like which are rapidly developed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a machining device for laser-assisted drilling according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the support assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view E-E of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional top view of the secondary slip ring of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the structure a in fig. 5.
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single annular hydraulic groove of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing an installation position structure of the central laser generator and the peripheral laser generators.
Fig. 10 is an elevational view of the retaining clip.
Fig. 11 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the retaining clip.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the support plate.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the cutter body where the annular condenser is mounted.
Fig. 14 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the fan-ring shaped condenser.
Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of fig. 14.
Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of drilling process of the laser-assisted drilling processing device (a central laser generator and a peripheral laser generator work simultaneously).
Fig. 17 is a schematic view of the laser spot of fig. 16.
Fig. 18 is a schematic drawing of the tool retracting process of the laser-assisted drilling processing device according to the present invention (only peripheral laser generator is operated).
In the figure: 1. a knife handle; 2. a main slip ring; 3. an auxiliary slip ring; 4. a hydraulic control assembly; 5. a hydraulic line; 6. a laser power supply; 7. a control computer; 8. a first signal transmission line; 9. a second signal transmission line; 10. an angle sensor; 11. a central laser generator; 12. a peripheral laser generator; 13. fixing the buckle; 14. a support arm; 15. a hydraulic push rod; 16. a support plate; 17. a polarizer; 18. a cylindrical cavity; 19. a cutter body; 20. a telescopic cylinder; 21. a circular condenser lens; 22. a piston; 23. a tool holder; 24. a cutter gland; 25. drilling a cutter; 26. an annular condenser lens; 27. laser facula; 28. pre-processing hole sites; 29. a workpiece to be processed; 30. a light-transmitting cylinder; 141. a cylindrical shaft; 142. a cylinder; 143. a baffle plate; 301. a hydraulic inner ring; 302. a ball bearing; 303. a hydraulic outer ring; 501. an annular hydraulic tank; 505. hydraulic transfer ports; 506. a first seal ring; 507. a bearing ball; 508. a movable ring plate; 509. a hydraulic transfer pipe; 115. a card slot; 116. a button; 117. a concave support member; 118. a concave through hole; 119. a return spring; 261. a fan ring condenser; 262. a first tabletting; 263. and (5) second tabletting.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In a certain embodiment of the invention, a machining device for laser-assisted drilling is provided, as shown in fig. 1-18, the machining device comprises a tool shank 1 matched with a main shaft of a machining center, and a main slip ring 2, an auxiliary slip ring 3 and a cutter body 19 which are coaxially arranged with the tool shank 1, wherein the auxiliary slip ring 3 is positioned below the main slip ring 2, inner rings of the main slip ring 2 and the auxiliary slip ring 3 are respectively in transition fit with the side wall of the tool shank 1, the cutter body 19 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the tool shank 1, and a cylindrical cavity 18 coaxial with the cutter body 19 is formed in the cutter body 19; the center of the top of the cylindrical cavity 18 is fixedly connected with a central laser generator 11, the side wall of the cylindrical cavity 18 is also hinged with at least two peripheral laser generators 12 which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, a driving structure for driving the peripheral laser generators 12 to rotate around a hinged shaft is further arranged in the cylindrical cavity 18, the bottom of the cylindrical cavity 18 is provided with an annular condenser 26 which enables the laser of the peripheral laser generators 12 to penetrate, a telescopic cylinder 20 which is coaxial with the tool shank 1 is arranged in the middle of the annular condenser 26, the inner ring of the annular condenser 26 is in clearance fit with the cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder 20, a drilling tool 25 which is coaxial with the tool shank 1 is detachably connected to a piston 22 of the telescopic cylinder 20, a vertical through hole for avoiding the laser of the central laser generator 11 is formed in the central shaft of the telescopic cylinder 20 and the drilling tool 25, and a circular condenser 21 is fixed at the top of the vertical through hole; a first signal transmission line 8 of a central laser generator 11 and a peripheral laser generator 12 passes through the auxiliary slip ring 3 and then is connected with the main slip ring 2, and is connected with an external laser power supply 6 through the main slip ring 2; the drive structure and the telescopic cylinder 20 are connected with an external control device through the auxiliary slip ring 3.
Wherein, the driving structure of the peripheral laser generator 12 and the telescopic cylinder 20 can be controlled electrically or hydraulically, when the driving structure is controlled electrically, the main slip ring 2 and the auxiliary slip ring 3 can be combined into the same slip ring; when it is hydraulically controlled, the main slip ring 2 and the auxiliary slip ring 3 are different in structure, but both the main slip ring 2 and the auxiliary slip ring 3 are components capable of transmitting signals to the rotating body. Specifically, as well known to those skilled in the art, the slip ring is of an existing structure, and the slip ring can be divided into an electrical slip ring, a fluid slip ring and a slip ring according to different transmission media, and the principle of the slip ring is a precise transmission device for realizing current, data signals or images, i.e., power transmission of two relative rotating mechanisms, taking the electrical slip ring as an example, the slip ring rotates inside and does not rotate outside, an electric brush and a coil are arranged inside the slip ring, the electric brush of the slip ring is connected with an external structure, and the coil is connected with an internal rotating structure, so in this embodiment, a first signal transmission line 8 is communicated with the inside of a main slip ring 2, and a fixed external line led out from the main slip ring 2 is connected with a laser power supply 6, so that a peripheral laser generator 12 or a central laser generator 11 which rotates inside can be powered through the laser power supply 6.
Wherein, cutter body 19 and handle of a knife 1 fixed connection, so cutter body 19 and all structures inside cutter body 19 all rotate along with handle of a knife 1. A central laser generator 11 and a peripheral laser generator 12 are installed in a cylindrical cavity 18 of a cutter body 19, the central laser generator 11 can be fixed to the center of the top of the cylindrical cavity 18 through a bolt-nut assembly or other fastening structures, laser of the central laser generator 11 penetrates through a circular condenser lens 21 on a telescopic cylinder 20 and sequentially passes through a light-transmitting cylinder 30 and a vertical through hole to reach the position of a processed hole. After the laser of the peripheral laser generator 12 passes through the annular condenser 26, the laser intersects with the laser of the central laser to the position of the processed hole, and the rotating angle of the peripheral laser generator 12 can be controlled by adjusting the driving structure, so as to ensure that the processing requirements of different hole sites are met.
The drilling tool 25 is fixed at the end of the piston 22 of the telescopic cylinder 20, can move up and down along with the telescopic cylinder 20 to realize feeding and retracting, and can control the driving structure and the telescopic cylinder 20 through an external control device. As will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, the telescopic cylinder 20 may be an electrically driven cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder, and when the telescopic cylinder 20 is a hydraulic cylinder, a certain sealing structure is required to be disposed in the telescopic cylinder 20, so as to ensure that the cylinder can operate normally and laser can penetrate through the hole.
During specific implementation, before hole drilling, the telescopic cylinder 20 is controlled to contract through the control device, the drilling tool 25 is further driven to complete contraction, and then the position of the peripheral laser generator 12 and the corresponding laser spot 27 are adjusted through adjusting the driving structure, so that the central laser generator 11 and the peripheral laser generator 12 simultaneously perform laser softening treatment on the pre-processing hole position 28 on the processed workpiece 29. Secondly, after the hole drilling is finished and the drilling tool 25 is also retracted, the surface of the hole can be subjected to laser strengthening treatment by adjusting the position of the peripheral laser generator 12 and the corresponding light spot. Specifically, the height of the central laser generator 11 and the height of the peripheral laser generator 12 from the surface of the processed workpiece 29 are fixed, the horizontal distance between the central laser generator 11 and each peripheral laser generator 12 is also fixed, and by the pythagorean theorem, the included angle corresponding to the spot converged by the peripheral laser and the central laser at different height positions can be calculated by a formula, so that when the depth of the preprocessing hole site 28 is known, the driving structure can be controlled by an external control device, the peripheral laser generator 12 deflects the corresponding angle therewith, and further the laser of all the laser generators can be converged to the preprocessing hole site 28 of the processed workpiece 29, and similarly, even if the overall height of the cutter body 19 changes, the included angle corresponding to the spot converged by the corresponding peripheral laser and the central laser at different height positions can also be calculated by the formula.
Further, as a specific implementation of the above embodiment, the control device includes a hydraulic control assembly 4; the drive structure comprises at least one hydraulic push rod 15; the auxiliary slip ring 3 comprises a hydraulic inner ring 301 and a hydraulic outer ring 303 which are connected by a ball bearing 302, the hydraulic inner ring 301 is in transition fit with the tool holder 1, a through hole for penetrating a first signal transmission line 8 is formed in the hydraulic inner ring 301, a plurality of annular hydraulic grooves 501 coaxial with the tool holder 1 are formed in the bottom wall of the hydraulic outer ring 303, the groove bottoms of the different annular hydraulic grooves 501 extend to the side wall of the hydraulic outer ring 303 through the through hole respectively and are connected with the hydraulic control component 4 through different hydraulic pipelines 5, a movable annular plate 508 coaxial with the annular hydraulic grooves 501 is installed at the notch of the annular hydraulic grooves 501, bearing balls 507 and a plurality of first sealing rings 506 are arranged between the side wall of the movable annular plate 508 and the side wall of the annular hydraulic grooves 501 to ensure that the movable annular plate 508 can rotate around the axis of the annular hydraulic grooves 501, a hydraulic transfer hole 505 is formed in the movable annular hydraulic transfer hole 505, a hydraulic transfer pipe 509 is in threaded connection with the hydraulic transfer pipe 509, the other end of the hydraulic transfer pipe 509 passes through the top of the cutter body 19 and extends from the side wall of the cutter body 19 to the side wall of the cylindrical cavity 18, and the other end of the hydraulic transfer pipe 509 is communicated with different hydraulic push rods 15; the hydraulic control assembly 4 is also connected with a control computer 7 for adjusting the hydraulic pressure intensity.
The ball bearing 302 is connected between the outer ring of the hydraulic inner ring 301 and the inner ring of the hydraulic outer ring 303, the hydraulic inner ring 301 rotates along with the tool shank 1, but the hydraulic outer ring 303 is kept static under the action of the ball bearing 302. The annular hydraulic grooves 501 on the hydraulic outer ring 303 are not communicated with each other, the annular hydraulic grooves 501 are communicated with the external hydraulic pipeline 5 through respective through holes, the movable ring plate 508 in the annular hydraulic grooves 501 is driven by the hydraulic adapter tube 509 to rotate in the annular hydraulic grooves 501, and the bearing ball 507 and the first sealing ring 506 are arranged between the movable ring plate 508 and the inner wall of the annular hydraulic grooves 501, so that the movable ring plate can rotate under the condition of ensuring no liquid leakage, wherein the first sealing rings 506 are arranged above and below the bearing ball 507, and grooves or retaining edges for mounting the bearing ball 507 and the first sealing rings 506 are reserved on the outer side wall of the movable ring plate 508, which is easily understood by those skilled in the art. Each hydraulic push rod 15 corresponds to one hydraulic adapter tube 509 and corresponds to one annular hydraulic groove 501, the annular hydraulic grooves 501 are communicated with the hydraulic adapter tubes 509 through a movable annular plate 508 and a hydraulic adapter hole 505, each annular hydraulic groove 501 corresponds to one through hole communicated with an external hydraulic control component 4, and the connection modes of the telescopic cylinder 20 and the hydraulic push rods 15 of the polarizer 17 are consistent with the connection modes of the hydraulic push rods 15 of the peripheral laser generator 12. A plurality of annular hydraulic grooves 501 are provided in the hydraulic outer ring 303, and the depth of the annular hydraulic grooves 501 is set as required. The hydraulic outer ring 303 and the cutter body 19 can be rotatably connected, so that the liquid path is ensured to be smooth. The control computer 7 can accurately control the hydraulic control assembly 4 to adjust the hydraulic strength of each hydraulic path, and controls the corresponding hydraulic push rod 15 and the telescopic cylinder 20 to move through the hydraulic strength, so that the corresponding peripheral laser generator 12 overturns or the drilling tool 25 moves to a required position.
Further, as a specific implementation manner of the above embodiment, the telescopic cylinder 20 is a hydraulic cylinder driven by hydraulic pressure, a mounting hole is formed in the center of the top of a cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder 20, the circular condenser lens 21 is hermetically connected to the mounting hole, the lower surface of the circular condenser lens 21 is fixedly connected to the light-transmitting cylinder 30, vertical through holes for avoiding laser of the central laser generator 11 are respectively formed at the central axes of the piston 22 of the telescopic cylinder 20 and the drilling tool 25, the bottom end of the light-transmitting cylinder 30 extends into the vertical through hole of the piston 22 of the telescopic cylinder 20, and a second sealing ring is arranged between the bottom end of the light-transmitting cylinder 30 and the piston 22 of the telescopic cylinder 20; the cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder 20 penetrates through the side wall of the cutter body 19 through a hydraulic adapter pipe 509 and then is connected with a movable annular plate 508 in a corresponding annular hydraulic groove 501 in the hydraulic outer ring 303, and further is connected with the hydraulic control assembly 4 through the annular hydraulic groove 501.
The upper end of a light-transmitting cylinder 30 in the telescopic cylinder 20 is connected with the round condenser lens 21, and the lower end of the light-transmitting cylinder 30 extends into a vertical through hole of a piston 22 of the telescopic cylinder 20 and then is matched with a sealing ring between the piston 22 of the telescopic cylinder 20, so that liquid leakage of a cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder 20 is prevented.
Further, as a specific implementation manner of the above embodiment, a polarizer 17 is correspondingly disposed below each peripheral laser generator 12, the polarizer 17 is used for matching the peripheral laser generator 12 directly above the polarizer to enable laser emitted by the peripheral laser generator to reach a specified position, the polarizer 17 is connected to the side wall of the cylindrical cavity 18 through at least one hydraulic push rod 15, and after the hydraulic push rod 15 passes through the side wall of the cutter body 19 through a hydraulic adapter tube 509, the hydraulic push rod is connected to a movable annular plate 508 in a corresponding annular hydraulic groove 501 in the hydraulic outer ring 303, and further connected to the hydraulic control assembly 4 through the annular hydraulic groove 501.
Wherein, as can be understood by those skilled in the art, all the hydraulic push rods 15 and the telescopic cylinders 20 have the same hydraulic path direction and connection. See above for detailed linkage. Can accurate control hydraulic push rod 15, the hydraulic pressure intensity of the liquid way of telescoping cylinder 20 through control computer 7, the activity angle of polarizer 17 is relevant with the deflection angle of peripheral laser generator 12, when peripheral laser generator 12 deflects, the polarizer 17 also deflects thereupon under control computer 7's control, can make polarizer 17 cooperate the peripheral laser generator 12 of top in a word, makes the laser energy that peripheral laser generator 12 jetted out all reach the assigned position.
Further, as a specific implementation mode of above-mentioned embodiment, peripheral laser generator 12 passes through supporting component and is connected with cylindrical cavity 18, supporting component includes backup pad 16, cylinder axle 141 and be fixed in cylindrical cavity 18 radial ascending support arm 14, form T shape structure after cylinder axle 141 links to each other with the tip that support arm 14 is close to peripheral laser generator 12, it is equipped with drum 142 all to overlap on the cylinder axle 141 that is located support arm 14 both sides, and cylinder axle 141's both ends integrated into one piece has the baffle 143 that prevents drum 142 slippage, two drums 142 all are through the back fixed connection of landing leg with backup pad 16, a piston 22 for driving peripheral laser generator 12 pivoted hydraulic push rod 15 is connected to the back of backup pad 16, peripheral laser generator 12 openly can dismantle with backup pad 16 through fixed buckle 13 and be connected.
Wherein, the cylinder 142 can rotate on the cylindrical shaft 141, and can not slide off the cylindrical shaft 141 under the limit of the baffle 143, the peripheral laser generator 12 is connected to the support plate 16 through the fixing buckle 13, can rotate around the cylindrical shaft 141 along with the support plate 16, and the specific rotation angle is pushed by the hydraulic push rod 15.
Further, as a specific implementation manner of the above embodiment, the fixing buckle 13 includes a three-dimensional structure with an i-shaped cross section, the peripheral laser generator 12 is fixed on a front side wall of the fixing buckle 13, concave through holes 118 are respectively formed on left and right sides of the fixing buckle 13, two ends of each concave through hole 118 are respectively located on left and right side walls of the fixing buckle 13 protruding outwards, a concave support 117 is fitted in each concave through hole 118, two ends of each concave support 117 respectively penetrate through two ends of each concave through hole 118, a middle portion of each concave through hole 118 is larger than a middle portion of each concave support to ensure that each concave support can horizontally translate inwards and outwards in each concave through hole 118, a button 116 is connected to a front end of each concave support, a return spring 119 is inserted in each concave support between the button 116 and the front end of each concave through hole, a groove adapted to a rear side wall of the fixing buckle 13 is formed in a front surface of the supporting plate 16, and a slot 115 for accommodating a rear end of each concave support 117 is formed in each groove.
When inward pressure is applied to the button 116, the button 116 drives the concave support 117 to translate inwards, the rear end of the concave support 117 also contracts inwards, the concave support is clamped into the groove on the front surface of the support plate 16 after being aligned with the groove, then the button 116 is loosened, the button 116 resets under the action of the reset spring 119 to drive the concave support 117 to translate outwards, the rear end of the concave support 117 extends into the clamping grooves 115 on the two side walls of the groove, and then fixed connection between the fixed buckle 13 and the support plate 16 is achieved. Repeating the above steps, the fixing buckle 13 can be taken down from the support plate 16, and the separation of the fixing buckle and the support plate is realized.
Further, as a specific implementation manner of the above embodiment, an angle sensor 10 is further fixed on the peripheral laser generator 12, and a second signal transmission line 9 of the angle sensor 10 sequentially passes through the top wall of the cutter body 19 and the hydraulic inner ring 301 and then is connected with an external control computer 7 through the main slip ring 2, so as to control the rotation angle of the peripheral laser generator 12.
The angle sensor 10 can transmit the angle of the peripheral laser generator 12 to the control computer 7, and the control computer 7 further controls the hydraulic strength of the corresponding hydraulic push rod 15 and controls the hydraulic push rod 15 to adjust the angle of the peripheral laser generator 12. The second signal transmission line passes through the hydraulic inner ring 301 and then enters the main slip ring 2, and is in signal connection with an external control computer 7 through components such as an electric brush in the main slip ring 2, so that stable transmission of an electric signal is ensured.
Further, when the end of the piston 22 of the telescopic cylinder 20 is located at the farthest point of the stroke, the bottom of the piston 22 extends out of the bottom of the cutter body 19, a cylindrical groove for mounting a drilling cutter 25 is formed in the bottom of the piston 22 of the telescopic cylinder 20, a cutter gland 24 is arranged on the drilling cutter 25 in a penetrating mode, a cutter chuck 23 is matched between the cutter gland 24 and the drilling cutter 25, and the cutter gland 24 is in threaded connection with the bottom of the piston 22 of the telescopic cylinder 20 to fix the drilling cutter 25.
Wherein, the cutter chuck 23 is under the oppression of cutter gland 24 and drilling cutter 25, and the part is plugged in between drilling cutter 25 and the cylinder notch, guarantees that drilling cutter 25 does not rock, and cutter chuck 23 is the loop configuration, and the longitudinal section is the wedge. In particular, are well known to those skilled in the art.
Further, as a specific implementation manner of the above embodiment, the ring-shaped condenser 26 is formed by combining three fan-shaped ring-shaped condensers 261, each of two radius edges of each fan-shaped ring-shaped condenser 261 is connected with a first pressing piece 262, the periphery of each fan-shaped ring-shaped condenser 261 is connected with a second pressing piece 263, adjacent fan-shaped ring-shaped condensers 261 are fixedly connected through the first pressing pieces 262, and each fan-shaped ring-shaped condenser 261 is fixed to the bottom of the cutter body 19 through the second pressing pieces 263.
The first pressing pieces 262 on the two radius edges of each fan-shaped ring-shaped collecting lens 261 are respectively high, low and arranged in a staggered manner, so that all the fan-shaped ring-shaped collecting lenses 261 are located in the same plane after the first pressing pieces 262 of the fan-shaped ring-shaped collecting lenses 261 are overlapped.
Furthermore, the number of the peripheral laser generators 12 is three, the three peripheral laser generators 12 are respectively located at the upper part of the cylindrical cavity 18, the three polarizers 17 are respectively located at the middle lower part of the cylindrical cavity 18, and the three peripheral laser generators 12 respectively correspond to the three fan-shaped annular condensers 261 and the three polarizers 17 in the up-down position. The laser processing device is reasonable in structure and good in laser processing effect.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The machining device for laser-assisted drilling is characterized by comprising a tool shank (1) matched with a main shaft of a machining center, and a main sliding ring (2), an auxiliary sliding ring (3) and a cutter body (19) which are coaxially arranged with the tool shank (1), wherein the auxiliary sliding ring (3) is positioned below the main sliding ring (2), inner rings of the main sliding ring (2) and the auxiliary sliding ring (3) are respectively in transition fit with the side wall of the tool shank (1), the cutter body (19) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the tool shank (1), and a cylindrical cavity (18) coaxial with the cutter body (19) is formed in the cutter body (19);
the laser protection device comprises a cylindrical cavity (18), a central laser generator (11) is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the cylindrical cavity (18), at least two peripheral laser generators (12) which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are hinged to the side wall of the cylindrical cavity (18), a driving structure for driving the peripheral laser generators (12) to rotate around a hinged shaft is further arranged in the cylindrical cavity (18), an annular condenser (26) which enables laser of the peripheral laser generators (12) to penetrate is arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical cavity (18), a telescopic cylinder (20) which is coaxial with a tool handle (1) is mounted in the middle of the annular condenser (26), an inner ring of the annular condenser (26) is in clearance fit with a cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder (20), a drilling tool (25) which is coaxial with the tool handle (1) is detachably connected to a piston (22) of the telescopic cylinder (20), vertical through holes which are used for avoiding laser of the central laser generator (11) are formed in central shafts of the telescopic cylinder (20) and located at an orifice at the top of the telescopic cylinder (20), and the circular condenser (21) is fixed to the vertical through holes;
a first signal transmission line (8) of the central laser generator (11) and the peripheral laser generator (12) penetrates through the auxiliary slip ring (3) to be connected with the main slip ring (2), and is connected with an external laser power supply (6) through the main slip ring (2);
the driving structure and the telescopic cylinder (20) are connected with an external control device through an auxiliary slip ring (3);
the control device comprises a hydraulic control assembly (4); the drive structure comprises at least one hydraulic push rod (15); the auxiliary slip ring (3) comprises a hydraulic inner ring (301) and a hydraulic outer ring (303) which are connected through a ball bearing (302), the hydraulic inner ring (301) is in transition fit with the tool holder (1), a through hole for penetrating a first signal transmission line (8) is formed in the hydraulic inner ring (301), a plurality of annular hydraulic grooves (501) coaxial with the tool holder (1) are formed in the bottom wall of the hydraulic outer ring (303), the groove bottoms of different annular hydraulic grooves (501) extend to the side wall of the hydraulic outer ring (303) through the through hole respectively and are connected with the hydraulic control assembly (4) through different hydraulic pipelines (5), a movable annular plate (508) coaxial with the annular hydraulic grooves (501) is installed at the notch of the annular hydraulic grooves (501), a bearing ball (507) and a plurality of first sealing rings (506) are arranged between the side wall of the movable annular plate (508) and the side wall of the annular hydraulic groove (501), so as to ensure that the movable ring plate (508) can rotate around the axis of the annular hydraulic groove (501), a hydraulic transfer hole (505) is formed in the movable annular plate (508), a hydraulic transfer pipe (509) is connected to the hydraulic transfer hole (505) in a threaded manner, the other end of the hydraulic transfer pipe (509) penetrates through the top of the cutter body (19) and extends to the side wall of the cylindrical cavity (18) from the side wall of the cutter body (19), and the other ends of different hydraulic transfer pipes (509) are respectively communicated with different hydraulic push rods (15); the hydraulic control component (4) is also connected with a control computer (7) for adjusting the hydraulic strength.
2. The machining device for laser-assisted drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that the telescopic cylinder (20) is a hydraulic cylinder driven by hydraulic pressure, a mounting hole is formed in the center of the top of the cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder (20), the circular condenser (21) is connected to the mounting hole in a sealing manner, a light-transmitting cylinder (30) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the circular condenser (21), vertical through holes for avoiding laser of the central laser generator (11) are respectively formed in the central shafts of the piston (22) of the telescopic cylinder (20) and the drilling tool (25), the bottom end of the light-transmitting cylinder (30) extends into the vertical through hole of the piston (22) of the telescopic cylinder (20), and a second sealing ring is arranged between the bottom end of the light-transmitting cylinder (30) and the piston (22) of the telescopic cylinder (20); after a cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder (20) penetrates through the side wall of the cutter body (19) through a hydraulic adapter tube (509), the cylinder body is connected with a movable annular plate (508) in a corresponding annular hydraulic groove (501) in a hydraulic outer ring (303), and further connected with a hydraulic control assembly (4) through the annular hydraulic groove (501).
3. The machining device for laser-assisted drilling according to claim 2, characterized in that a polarizer (17) is correspondingly arranged below each peripheral laser generator (12), the polarizer (17) is used for matching the peripheral laser generator (12) right above the polarizer (17) to enable the laser emitted by the polarizer (17) to reach a designated position, the polarizer (17) is connected to the side wall of the cylindrical cavity (18) through at least one hydraulic push rod (15), and the hydraulic push rod (15) penetrates through the side wall of the cutter body (19) through a hydraulic adapter tube (509) and then is connected with a movable annular plate (508) in a corresponding annular hydraulic groove (501) in the hydraulic outer ring (303) and further connected with the hydraulic control component (4) through the annular hydraulic groove (501).
4. The machining device for laser-assisted drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral laser generator (12) is connected with the cylindrical cavity (18) through a support assembly, the support assembly comprises a support plate (16), a cylindrical shaft (141) and a support arm (14) fixed on the radial direction of the cylindrical cavity (18), the cylindrical shaft (141) and the end portion of the support arm (14) close to the peripheral laser generator (12) are connected to form a T-shaped structure, the cylindrical shaft (141) on both sides of the support arm (14) is sleeved with a cylinder (142), two ends of the cylindrical shaft (141) are integrally formed with a baffle (143) for preventing the cylinder (142) from slipping, the two cylinders (142) are fixedly connected with the back of the support plate (16) through support legs, a piston (22) of a hydraulic push rod (15) for driving the peripheral laser generator (12) to rotate is connected to the back of the support plate (16), and the peripheral laser generator (12) is detachably connected with the front of the support plate (16) through a fixing buckle (13).
5. The machining device for laser-assisted drilling according to claim 4, wherein the fixing buckle (13) comprises a three-dimensional structure with an I-shaped cross section, the peripheral laser generator (12) is fixed on the front side wall of the fixing buckle (13), the left side and the right side of the fixing buckle (13) are respectively provided with a concave through hole (118), two ends of the concave through hole (118) are respectively positioned on the left side wall and the right side wall of the fixing buckle (13) which protrude outwards, a concave support member (117) is matched in the concave through hole (118), two ends of the concave support member (117) respectively penetrate out from two ends of the concave through hole (118), the middle part of the concave through hole (118) is larger than the middle part of the concave support member so as to ensure that the concave support member can horizontally translate inwards and outwards in the concave through hole (118), the front end of the concave support member is connected with a button (116), a return spring (119) penetrates through the concave support member between the button (116) and the front end of the concave through hole, the front surface of the support plate (16) is provided with a groove which is matched with the rear side wall of the fixing buckle (13), and a groove for accommodating a rear end (115) of the concave support member (117) is formed in the groove.
6. The machining device for laser-assisted drilling according to claim 5, characterized in that an angle sensor (10) is further fixed on the peripheral laser generator (12), and a second signal transmission line (9) of the angle sensor (10) passes through the top wall of the cutter body (19) and the hydraulic inner ring (301) in sequence and then is connected with an external control computer (7) through the main slip ring (2) for controlling the rotation angle of the peripheral laser generator (12).
7. The machining device for laser-assisted drilling according to claim 3, characterized in that when the piston (22) of the telescopic cylinder (20) is located at the farthest point of the stroke, the bottom of the piston (22) extends out of the bottom of the cutter body (19), a cylindrical groove for mounting the drilling cutter (25) is formed in the bottom of the piston (22) of the telescopic cylinder (20), a cutter gland (24) penetrates through the drilling cutter (25), a cutter chuck (23) is matched between the cutter gland (24) and the drilling cutter (25), and the cutter gland (24) is in threaded connection with the bottom of the piston (22) of the telescopic cylinder (20) to fix the drilling cutter (25).
8. The machining device for laser-assisted drilling as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the ring-shaped condenser (26) is formed by combining three fan-shaped ring-shaped condensers (261), a first pressing piece (262) is connected to each of two radius edges of each fan-shaped ring-shaped condenser (261), a second pressing piece (263) is connected to the periphery of each fan-shaped ring-shaped condenser (261), adjacent fan-shaped ring-shaped condensers (261) are fixedly connected through the first pressing pieces (262), and each fan-shaped ring-shaped condenser (261) is fixed to the bottom of the cutter body (19) through the second pressing piece (263).
9. The machining device for laser-assisted drilling according to claim 5, characterized in that the number of the peripheral laser generators (12) is three, the three peripheral laser generators (12) are respectively located at the upper part of the cylindrical cavity (18), the three polarizers (17) are respectively located at the middle lower part of the cylindrical cavity (18), and the three peripheral laser generators (12) respectively correspond to the upper and lower positions of the three fan-shaped ring-shaped condensers (261) and the three polarizers (17).
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