CN115585631B - Chrysanthemum freeze-drying process and freeze-drying device - Google Patents
Chrysanthemum freeze-drying process and freeze-drying device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115585631B CN115585631B CN202211188288.0A CN202211188288A CN115585631B CN 115585631 B CN115585631 B CN 115585631B CN 202211188288 A CN202211188288 A CN 202211188288A CN 115585631 B CN115585631 B CN 115585631B
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- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 241000723353 Chrysanthemum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000002173 dizziness Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000208838 Asteraceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010692 aromatic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004438 eyesight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
- F26B5/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum the process involving freezing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/02—Applications of driving mechanisms, not covered by another subclass
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a chrysanthemum freeze-drying process and a chrysanthemum freeze-drying device, and belongs to the technical field of chrysanthemum processing. The freeze-drying process comprises the steps of pretreatment, pre-freezing and freeze-drying, wherein the freeze-drying process is stepwise freeze-drying, and comprises a rapid-falling stage, a rapid-lifting stage, a slow-lifting stage and a rapid-lifting stage, the freeze-drying temperature ranges from-20 ℃ to-43 ℃, and the freeze-drying time ranges from 13 h to 16h. The freeze-drying process has the advantages of strong control of the water dispersion speed in the chrysanthemum, contribution to improving the form of the chrysanthemum after freeze-drying, keeping the integrity of the chrysanthemum and reducing the falling off of chrysanthemum petals. The freeze-drying device can accurately control the temperature change of each stage of freeze-drying.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a chrysanthemum freeze-drying process and a chrysanthemum freeze-drying device, and belongs to the technical field of chrysanthemum processing.
Background
The chrysanthemum is a dried head-like inflorescence of perennial root herbaceous plants of the chrysanthemum of the Compositae, has the effects of dispelling wind and clearing heat, suppressing hyperactive liver and improving eyesight, and clearing heat and detoxicating, and has good treatment effects on dizziness and dizzy eyes due to the fact that the chrysanthemum is pungent and sparse in flavor, light in body weight and slight cold and clearing heat, can dispel wind-heat of lung channels, enters liver channels simultaneously, and can clear liver heat and suppress liver yang. The custom and history records of drinking chrysanthemum water, drinking chrysanthemum wine and eating chrysanthemum meal are from ancient times in China, so that the chrysanthemum tea is still a tea which is popular among the masses.
At present, the processing and drying technology of the chrysanthemum mainly comprises two types of natural airing and drying, the chrysanthemum is processed in a natural airing mode, the processing period is long, high requirements are provided for weather environment during processing, and the prepared chrysanthemum is not easy to store for a long time and is easy to mildew and rot. The chrysanthemum is dried by adopting a baking mode, so that the chrysanthemum glycoside, flavonoid and various vitamin components in the chrysanthemum volatilize along with the aromatic oil, and the edible and drinking values of the dried chrysanthemum are seriously affected.
In the prior art, the chrysanthemum is dried in a freeze-drying mode, but the chrysanthemum prepared according to the existing freeze-drying process is very easy to fall off along with the promotion of a sublimated section in the drying process, and the chrysanthemum petals are not well formed, so that the quality and selling of the chrysanthemum are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a chrysanthemum freeze-drying process and a freeze-drying device.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the chrysanthemum freeze-drying process comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment: spraying water mist and microcrystalline cellulose on the surface of the chrysanthemum in sequence;
s2, pre-freezing: transferring the chrysanthemum sprayed with the water mist and the microcrystalline cellulose into an environment of-20 to-23 ℃ and freezing for 2-3 hours;
s3, freeze drying: and (3) performing stepwise freeze drying on the pre-frozen chrysanthemum under the environment with the vacuum degree of 8-15 Pa, wherein the stepwise freeze drying comprises a rapid falling stage, a rapid lifting stage, a slow lifting stage and a rapid lifting stage.
Further, the temperature areas of the rapid-falling stage sequentially comprise-20 to-23 ℃, -35 to-38 ℃ and-40 to-43 ℃, the temperature areas of the rapid-rising stage sequentially comprise-25 to-28 ℃ and-40 to-43 ℃, the temperature areas of the slow-rising stage sequentially comprise-30 to-33 ℃, -35 to-38 ℃ and-40 to-43 ℃, and the temperature areas of the rapid-rising stage sequentially comprise-25 to-28 ℃ and-20 to-23 ℃.
Further, the residence time of the chrysanthemum in the temperature range of-40 to-43 ℃ is 0.8-1.2 h, and the residence time in other temperature ranges is 1.4-1.6 h.
Further, in each stage of freeze drying, the transition time of the chrysanthemum in the adjacent temperature interval is 0.1-0.2 h.
Further, the spraying amount of the microcrystalline cellulose is 6-8% of the mass of the chrysanthemum.
The invention also provides a freeze drying device for the chrysanthemum freeze drying process, which comprises a box body, wherein a freeze drying cavity is formed in the box body, a partition baffle is arranged in the freeze drying cavity, the partition baffle divides the freeze drying cavity into a plurality of freeze drying areas, a openable and closable sealing door is arranged between the adjacent freeze drying areas, and a pushing component which moves towards the direction of the adjacent freeze drying areas is arranged in each freeze drying area; the freeze drying area comprises a temperature control area and a temperature change transition area, the temperature control area and the temperature change area are arranged at intervals, and a freezing assembly and a heating assembly are arranged in each temperature control area.
Further, a control assembly for controlling the closing and opening of the closed door is connected to the closed door, the control assembly comprises a rotating rod and a limiting groove, the limiting groove extends along the horizontal direction of the plane where the partition plate is located, and the seal is arranged on the closed door
The sliding block is fixedly connected to the closing door and is in sliding connection with the limiting groove, the rotating rod is rotationally connected to the closing door, and a driving piece for driving the rotating rod to rotate is connected to the rotating rod.
Further, the number of pushing components in each freeze drying area is the same as the number of the adjacent freeze drying areas, the pushing components in each freeze drying area are arranged in a staggered mode, each pushing component comprises a first pushing part and a second pushing part, and a lifting part is connected between the first pushing part and the second pushing part.
Further, a pushing auxiliary member is arranged in the freeze drying area, and the pushing auxiliary member extends along a side wall parallel to the freeze drying area.
Further, at least one layer of object placing plate is further arranged in the freeze drying area, the heating component is positioned in the object placing plate, the pushing auxiliary piece is rotationally connected to the edge of the object placing plate, and the upper surface of the pushing auxiliary piece is flush with the upper surface of the object placing plate in a horizontal state.
Further, an auxiliary supporting piece is further arranged between the storage plate and the partition plate, the quantity of the auxiliary supporting piece is corresponding to that of the pushing components, and the auxiliary supporting piece is located in the pushing extending direction of the pushing components.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) The chrysanthemum is subjected to pretreatment of spraying water mist and microcrystalline cellulose, so that the microcrystalline cellulose is attached to the surface of the chrysanthemum, then the chrysanthemum is subjected to pre-freezing and freeze-drying treatment, and the microcrystalline cellulose on the surface of the chrysanthemum falls into a pore structure formed by the chrysanthemum in a drying manner by controlling the temperature change process of four stages in the freeze-drying process, so that the control of the water dissipation speed in the chrysanthemum is realized, the form of the chrysanthemum after the chrysanthemum is freeze-dried is improved, the integrity of the chrysanthemum is maintained, and the shedding of chrysanthemum petals is reduced.
2) The freeze drying device is utilized to divide a freeze drying area into a plurality of areas with different temperatures, accurately control the temperature of the temperature control areas, and set a transition area for transferring materials between the two temperature control areas, thereby reducing the influence of material transfer on the temperature change of the temperature control areas and being beneficial to realizing the accurate temperature change of each temperature change stage in the chrysanthemum freeze drying process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the internal structure of the freeze-drying apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a distribution diagram of opposite object plates of a pushing assembly in a temperature control region of-40 to-43 ℃ in the pushing device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the pushing assembly of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a box body; 2. partition boards; 3. a freeze drying zone; 31. a temperature control region; 32. a temperature change transition zone; 4. a pushing component; 41. a first pushing part; 42. a second pushing part; 43. a lifting part; 5. a rotating rod; 6. a limit groove; 7. a pushing auxiliary piece; 8. a storage plate; 9. an auxiliary support.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention, based on the embodiments of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: the chrysanthemum freeze-drying process comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment: spraying water mist and microcrystalline cellulose onto the surface of the chrysanthemum in sequence, spraying atomized water onto the surface of the chrysanthemum until the surface of the chrysanthemum is slightly moist, and then spraying microcrystalline cellulose onto the chrysanthemum with the spraying amount of 60-80 g/kg to enable the sprayed microcrystalline cellulose to adhere to the surface of the chrysanthemum.
S2, pre-freezing: transferring the chrysanthemum sprayed with the water mist and the microcrystalline cellulose into a freeze drying device, setting the ambient temperature to be minus 20 ℃ to minus 23 ℃, and freezing for 2 to 3 hours.
S3, freeze drying: and (3) performing stepwise freeze drying on the pre-frozen chrysanthemum under the environment with the vacuum degree of 8-15 Pa, wherein the stepwise freeze drying comprises a rapid falling stage, a rapid lifting stage, a slow lifting stage and a rapid lifting stage. Wherein the temperature zone of the rapid cooling stage sequentially comprises-20 to-23 ℃, -35 to-38 ℃ and-40 to-43 ℃, the temperature zone of the rapid lifting stage sequentially comprises-25 to-28 ℃ and-40 to-43 ℃, the temperature zone of the slow lifting stage sequentially comprises-30 to-33 ℃, -35 to-38 ℃ and-40 to-43 ℃,
the temperature zone of the rapid rise stage sequentially comprises-25 to-28 ℃ and-20 to-23 ℃. In each freeze drying stage, the residence time of the chrysanthemum in a temperature region of-40 to-43 ℃ is controlled to be 0.8-1.2 h, the residence time in other temperature regions is controlled to be 1.4-1.6 h, and the transition time in adjacent temperature regions is controlled to be 0.1-0.2 h.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention also provides a freeze drying device for the chrysanthemum freeze drying process, which comprises a box body 1, wherein a freeze drying cavity is formed in the box body 1, a partition plate 2 is arranged in the freeze drying cavity, the partition plate 2 divides the freeze drying cavity into nine freeze drying areas 3, and a openable and closable sealing door is arranged between every two adjacent freeze drying areas 3, namely, the partition plate 2 is provided with an openable and closable sealing door. In order to facilitate the control of the opening and closing of the closed door, the closed door is connected with a control component for controlling the opening and closing of the closed door, the control component comprises a rotating rod 5 and a limiting groove 6, wherein the limiting groove 6 extends along the horizontal direction of the plane where the partition plate 2 is located, the limiting groove 6 is fixedly connected to the partition plate 2 above the closed door, a sliding block which is in sliding connection with the limiting groove 6 is fixedly connected to the closed door, and when the closed door is opened or closed, the sliding block slides along the extending direction of the limiting groove 6. The rotating rod 5 is rotatably connected to the closed door, a driving piece for driving the rotating rod 5 to rotate is connected to the rotating rod 5, and the closed door is controlled to be opened or closed under the cooperation of the rotating rod 5 and the limiting groove 6.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the freeze-drying area 3 includes five temperature control areas 31 and four temperature change transition areas 32, the temperature control areas 31 and the temperature change areas are arranged at intervals, a freezing component and a heating component are arranged in each temperature control area 31, the temperature in the temperature control areas 31 is precisely controlled by the freezing component and the heating component, the freeze-drying process of chrysanthemum is realized, the transition areas between different temperatures in each freeze-drying stage are realized by the temperature change areas, and the precise control of the temperature of the freeze-drying environment is ensured. In order to facilitate the transfer of materials between adjacent freeze-drying areas 3, pushing assemblies 4 which move towards the direction of the adjacent freeze-drying areas 3 are arranged in each freeze-drying area 3, and the number of the pushing assemblies 4 in each freeze-drying area 3 is the same as the number of the adjacent freeze-drying areas 3, namely, each pushing assembly 4 realizes pushing towards the direction of one adjacent freeze-drying area 3. The pushing assemblies 4 for pushing materials in different directions in each freeze drying area 3 are staggered.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the pushing assembly 4 of the present invention includes a first pushing portion 41 and a second pushing portion
42, the first pushing part 41 and the second pushing part 42 extend along the length of the pushing direction, and a lifting part 43 is connected between the first pushing part 41 and the second pushing part 42, that is, the lifting part 43 can control the second pushing part 42 to lift or descend relative to the first pushing part 41. The structure of the pushing assembly 4 has various implementation manners, for example, the first pushing portion 41 is of a screw structure, the screw structure comprises a screw extending along the pushing direction and a guide rod, a sliding block with a threaded hole matched with the screw is sleeved on the screw, the sliding block is sleeved on the periphery of the guide rod, a driving piece for driving the screw to rotate is connected to the end portion of the screw, and the sliding of the sliding block on the screw is realized through the rotation of the screw. The sliding block is fixedly connected with a cylinder extending along the vertical direction, the fixed upper part of the cylinder is provided with a movable end which is arranged below, the movable end of the cylinder is connected to the second pushing part 42, and the second pushing part 42 can also adopt a cylinder structure. When pushing is needed, the sealing door is opened, the lifting part 43 controls the second pushing part to descend, the second pushing part is propped against the side wall of the material tray for containing materials, the sliding block of the first pushing part 41 slides along the screw rod to drive the second pushing part to push the material tray to correspondingly move, after the stroke of the first pushing part 41 is finished, the material tray is pushed to a position between the two freeze drying areas 3, and the gas of the second pushing part continuously pushes the material tray forwards, so that the gas completely enters the adjacent freeze drying areas 3. The second pushing part is retracted, the sealing door is closed, and the material pushing assembly 4 is reset, so that the next feeding in the freeze drying area 3 is not affected.
As shown in fig. 1, at least one layer of placing plate 8 for placing a material tray for containing chrysanthemums is further arranged in the freeze drying area 3, the heating component is positioned in the placing plate 8, heat is transferred by the placing plate 8 and the material tray to heat the chrysanthemums, and the placing plate 8 and the material tray are made of materials with good heat conductivity. In order to facilitate pushing on the storage plate 8, the pushing component can be arranged at the lower side of the last storage plate 8 or at the top of the freeze drying area 3, a pushing auxiliary piece 7 for assisting pushing is rotationally connected to the storage plate 8, the pushing auxiliary piece 7 is positioned at the edge of the storage plate 8 and extends along the side wall parallel to the freeze drying area 3, the upper surface of the pushing auxiliary piece 7 is flush with the upper surface of the storage plate 8 in a horizontal state, and when pushing materials is needed, the pushing auxiliary piece 7 is driven to rotate to a state perpendicular to the storage plate 8, so that a material disc is pushed along the pushing auxiliary piece 7, and the material disc is prevented from shifting in the pushing process. In order to facilitate the stable movement of the material tray, a material placing plate 8 and a partition are arranged
And auxiliary supporting pieces 9 are further arranged between the partition plates 2, the number of the auxiliary supporting pieces 9 is consistent with that of the pushing assemblies 4, namely, the auxiliary supporting pieces 9 are arranged between the freeze drying areas 3 and the adjacent freeze drying areas 3, and the auxiliary supporting pieces 9 are positioned in the pushing extending direction of the pushing assemblies 4.
When the freeze drying device is used, the temperature of five temperature control areas 31 are preset to be-20 to-23 ℃, -25 to-28 ℃, -30 to-33 ℃, -35 to-38 ℃ and-40 to-43 ℃, the temperature control areas 31 with the temperature of-40 to-43 ℃ are arranged in the center of the box body 1, the other four temperature areas are arranged at four corners of the box body 1, the temperature control areas 31 with the temperature of-20 to-23 ℃ and the temperature control areas 31 with the temperature of-30 to-33 ℃ are arranged on a diagonal line, and the temperature control areas 31 with the temperature of-25 to-28 ℃ and the temperature control areas 31 with the temperature of-35 to-38 ℃ are arranged on a diagonal line. In the pre-freezing process, chrysanthemum is placed in a temperature control region 31 at the temperature of minus 25 ℃ to minus 28 ℃ for pre-freezing, and after the pre-freezing is finished, the chrysanthemum is moved into different temperature control regions 31 according to the temperature change of each freeze drying stage. If in the rapid cooling stage, firstly opening the right side sealing door to enable the material to enter a temperature changing region between minus 20 ℃ to minus 23 ℃ and minus 35 ℃ to minus 38 ℃, closing the sealing door, continuously opening the right side sealing door after 0.1h to 0.2h, pushing the material into a temperature controlling region 31 between minus 35 ℃ to minus 38 ℃ to perform rapid cooling freeze drying, and then entering a temperature changing region between minus 35 ℃ to minus 38 ℃ and minus 40 ℃ to minus 43 ℃ after 1.4h to 1.6h, and then entering a temperature changing region between minus 40 ℃ to minus 43 ℃ to finish the processing of the rapid cooling stage. The processing process at other stages is similar to the rapid-degradation stage, so that the stepwise temperature control in the chrysanthemum freeze-drying process is realized.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a chrysanthemum freeze-drying process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment: the chrysanthemum is paved on a conveying belt, a water mist device and a vibrating screen are sequentially arranged above the conveying belt, the water spraying amount of the water mist device is set to 150g/kg, and the spraying amount of microcrystalline cellulose is set to 60g/kg relative to the conveying speed of the conveying belt, so that microcrystalline cellulose is attached to the surface of the wetted chrysanthemum.
S2, pre-freezing: transferring flos Chrysanthemi sprayed with water mist and microcrystalline cellulose into a freeze drying device, placing into a temperature control region 31 with ambient temperature of-20 to-23deg.C, and freezing for 2 hr.
S3, freeze drying: setting the vacuum degree in the freeze drying device to 15Pa, and pre-freezing flos Chrysanthemi
The step of freeze drying specifically comprises: a rapid cooling stage (-1.4 h in a temperature control region 31 of 20 to-23 ℃, 0.1h in a temperature change region, -35 to-38 ℃,1.4 h in a temperature control region 31 of-35 to-38 ℃, 0.1h in a temperature change region and 0.8h in a temperature control region 31 of-40 to-43 ℃), a rapid lifting stage (0.1 h in a temperature control region 31 of-25 to-28 ℃,1.4 h in a temperature control region 31 of-25 to-28 ℃, 0.1h in a temperature change region and 0.8h in a temperature control region 31 of-40 to-43 ℃), a slow lifting stage (0.1 h in a temperature change region, 1.4h in a temperature control region 31 of-30 to-33 ℃, 0.1h in a temperature change region of-35 to-38 ℃, 0.8h in a temperature control region 31 of-40 to-43 ℃) and a rapid lifting stage (0.1 h in a temperature change region, 0.1h in a temperature change region of-25 to-28 ℃, 0.1h in a temperature control region 31 of-4 to-31 of-1 to-4 h in a temperature control region of-31), and taking out the chrysanthemum from the freeze-drying device to obtain the chrysanthemum freeze-dried product with complete petals.
Example two
The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is mainly that: in the pretreatment step of this example, the water spray amount was set to 180g/kg, the microcrystalline cellulose spray amount was set to 80g/kg, the pre-freezing time was 3 hours, and the specific drying steps at each stage in the freeze drying were: a rapid cooling stage (-1.6 h in a temperature control region 31 of 20 to-23 ℃, 0.2h in a temperature change region, -35 to-38 ℃, 1.6h in a temperature control region 31 of the temperature change region, 0.2h in a temperature change region and 1h in a temperature control region 31 of-40 to-43 ℃), a rapid lifting stage (0.2 h in a temperature change region, -25 to-28 ℃, 1.6h in a temperature control region 31 of the temperature change region, 0.2h in a temperature change region and 1h in a temperature control region 31 of-40 to-43 ℃), a slow lifting stage (0.1 h in a temperature change region, -30 to-33 ℃, 1.6h in a temperature control region 31 of the temperature change region, 0.2h in a temperature change region, -35 to-38 ℃, 1.2h in a temperature control region 31 of the temperature change region, 1.2h in a temperature change region and-40 to-43 ℃) and a rapid lifting stage (1.2 h in a temperature change region, 1.6h in a temperature control region 31 of the temperature change region, -25 to-28 ℃), 1.6h in a temperature control region of the temperature change region, 1.6 to-30 to-33 ℃ and 1.6h in a temperature control region of the temperature change region).
Example III
The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is mainly that: in the pretreatment step of this example, the water spray amount was set to 170g/kg, the microcrystalline cellulose spray amount was set to 70g/kg, the pre-freezing time was 2.5 hours, and freezing was performed
The specific drying steps of each stage in the drying are as follows: a rapid cooling stage (-1.5 h in a temperature control region 31 of 20 to-23 ℃, 0.2h in a temperature change region, -1.5 h in a temperature control region 31 of 35 to-38 ℃, 0.2h in a temperature change region and 1h in a temperature control region 31 of-40 to-43 ℃), a rapid lifting stage (0.2 h in a temperature change region, -1.5 h in a temperature control region 31 of 25 to-28 ℃, 0.2h in a temperature change region and 1.2h in a temperature control region 31 of-40 to-43 ℃), a slow lifting stage (0.1 h in a temperature change region, -1.5 h in a temperature control region 31 of 30 to-33 ℃, 1.5h in a temperature change region, 0.1h in a temperature change region, -35 to-38 ℃, 1h in a temperature control region 31 of 0.2h in a temperature change region and 1h in a temperature control region 31 of-40 to-43 ℃) and a rapid lifting stage (1.2 h in a temperature change region, 1.6h in a temperature control region of-25 to-28 ℃, 1.6h in a temperature control region 31 of 0.2 to-2 h in a temperature change region of 31 of-23 to-4).
Comparative example
The chrysanthemum products in the same batch are directly pre-frozen for 2.5 hours in the environment of minus 20 to minus 23 ℃, and then are freeze-dried for 15 hours in the environment of 8 to 15Pa of vacuum degree and minus 30 to minus 33 ℃.
Product inspection
The integrity of the chrysanthemum of each example of the invention and the integrity of the chrysanthemum of the comparative example are counted, the integrity is calculated by the percentage of the chrysanthemum with complete petal shape to the total mass of the processed chrysanthemum, and the calculation result is shown in table 1.
Table 1 product integrity for each of the examples and comparative examples
| Group of | Example 1 | Example two | Example III | Comparative example |
| Integrity degree | 93.8 | 91.4 | 96.1 | 74.6 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the freeze-drying process and the freeze-drying device can remarkably improve the condition that petals of chrysanthemum fall off in the freeze-drying process, greatly improve the integrity of the chrysanthemum after freeze-drying, and are beneficial to improving the quality of chrysanthemum freeze-dried products.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments, but is capable of numerous other combinations, modifications and environments and is capable of modifications within the scope of the inventive concept, either as taught or as a matter of routine skill or knowledge in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The chrysanthemum freeze-drying process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment: spraying water mist and microcrystalline cellulose on the surface of the chrysanthemum in sequence;
s2, pre-freezing: transferring the chrysanthemum sprayed with the water mist and the microcrystalline cellulose into an environment of-20 to-23 ℃ and freezing for 2-3 hours;
s3, freeze drying: performing stepwise freeze drying on the pre-frozen chrysanthemum under the environment with the vacuum degree of 8-15 Pa, wherein the stepwise freeze drying comprises a rapid falling stage, a rapid lifting stage, a slow lifting stage and a rapid lifting stage;
the temperature zone of the rapid-rise and fall stage sequentially comprises-20 to-23 ℃, -35 to-38 ℃ and-40 to-43 ℃, the temperature zone of the rapid-rise and fall stage sequentially comprises-25 to-28 ℃ and-40 to-43 ℃, the temperature zone of the slow-rise and fall stage sequentially comprises-30 to-33 ℃, -35 to-38 ℃ and-40 to-43 ℃, and the temperature zone of the rapid-rise and fall stage sequentially comprises-25 to-28 ℃ and-20 to-23 ℃; the residence time of the chrysanthemum in the temperature region of minus 40 to minus 43 ℃ is 0.8 to 1.2h, and the residence time in other temperature regions is 1.4 to 1.6h; in each stage of freeze drying, the transition time of the chrysanthemum in the adjacent temperature interval is 0.1-0.2 h.
2. The chrysanthemum freeze-drying process according to claim 1, wherein: the spraying amount of the microcrystalline cellulose is 6-8% of the mass of the chrysanthemum.
3. The freeze-drying apparatus for a chrysanthemum freeze-drying process according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein: the device comprises a box body (1), wherein a freeze drying cavity is formed in the box body (1), a partition baffle plate (2) is arranged in the freeze drying cavity, the partition baffle plate (2) divides the freeze drying cavity into a plurality of freeze drying areas (3), a sealing door capable of being opened and closed is arranged between the adjacent freeze drying areas (3), and a pushing component (4) which moves towards the direction of the adjacent freeze drying areas (3) is arranged in each freeze drying area (3); the freeze drying area (3) comprises a temperature control area (31) and a temperature change transition area (32), wherein the temperature control area (31) and the temperature change area are arranged at intervals, and a freezing assembly and a heating assembly are arranged in each temperature control area (31).
4. A freeze-drying apparatus for a chrysanthemum freeze-drying process according to claim 3, wherein: the control assembly for controlling the closing and opening of the closed door is connected with the closed door, the control assembly comprises a rotating rod (5) and a limiting groove (6), the limiting groove (6) extends along the horizontal direction of the plane where the partition plate (2) is located, the closed door is fixedly connected with a sliding block which is in sliding connection with the limiting groove (6), the rotating rod (5) is rotationally connected onto the closed door, and a driving piece for driving the rotating rod (5) to rotate is connected onto the rotating rod (5).
5. A freeze-drying apparatus for a chrysanthemum freeze-drying process according to claim 3, wherein: the number of pushing components (4) in each freeze drying area (3) is the same as the number of the adjacent freeze drying areas (3), the pushing components (4) in each freeze drying area (3) are arranged in a staggered mode, each pushing component (4) comprises a first pushing part (41) and a second pushing part (42), and a lifting part (43) is connected between each first pushing part (41) and each second pushing part (42).
6. A freeze-drying apparatus for a chrysanthemum freeze-drying process according to claim 3, wherein: a pushing auxiliary piece (7) is further arranged in the freeze drying area (3), and the pushing auxiliary piece (7) extends along the side wall parallel to the freeze drying area (3).
7. The freeze-drying apparatus for a chrysanthemum freeze-drying process according to claim 6, wherein: still be provided with at least one deck in the freeze-drying district (3) and put thing board (8), heating element is located and puts thing board (8), pushing away material auxiliary member (7) and rotating to connect in putting thing board (8) border, pushing away material auxiliary member (7) under the horizontality, its upper surface flushes with putting thing board (8) upper surface.
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| US4312134A (en) * | 1980-08-04 | 1982-01-26 | Strausser Robert W | Method of freeze-drying flower arrangements |
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| US4312134A (en) * | 1980-08-04 | 1982-01-26 | Strausser Robert W | Method of freeze-drying flower arrangements |
| CN107788478A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-13 | 江苏天元中科生物技术有限公司 | A kind of assistant agent for preventing the lyophilized pollen cream moisture absorption, preparation method and applications |
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