CN115579494B - Transient control method for fuel cell system - Google Patents
Transient control method for fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115579494B CN115579494B CN202211560713.4A CN202211560713A CN115579494B CN 115579494 B CN115579494 B CN 115579494B CN 202211560713 A CN202211560713 A CN 202211560713A CN 115579494 B CN115579494 B CN 115579494B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04895—Current
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention provides a transient control method of a fuel cell system, which is characterized in that a power-up control method is executed in a power-up stage, and a power-down control method is executed in a power-down stage, so that the service life of a fuel cell and the service life of a power cell are effectively optimized while the dynamic response of the fuel cell system is ensured. The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the response rates of an electrical system, a cathode system and an anode system and the state characteristics of a fuel cell in the power-up and power-down processes, a transient control method of the fuel cell system is provided, the fuel cell system is determined to enter a power-up control process or a power-down control process according to the change of required power, different control processes are distinguished, and the service life of the fuel cell and the service life of a power cell can be effectively optimized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a transient control method for a fuel cell system.
Background
In the field of fuel cells, the change of dynamic working conditions is always one of the main influencing factors influencing the service life of the fuel cell. Particularly, in the application of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell, the output power of the fuel cell changes along with the load due to different road conditions so as to meet the driving power requirement. The change of the output power of the fuel cell can cause the frequent change of the potential in a certain range, finally leading to the performance attenuation of the platinum and carbon carriers of the fuel cell catalyst, and seriously influencing the service life of the fuel cell. On the other hand, the fuel cell is used as a main energy source of the vehicle, and the dynamic response rate becomes an important index for measuring the performance of the fuel cell. How to make the fuel cell guarantee the response rate and simultaneously prolong the service life of the fuel cell as far as possible becomes the key point and the difficulty in the field of transient control of the fuel cell system.
At present, the practice of main flow in the field is to supply enough gas during the load change process to avoid the occurrence of local gas shortage state of the fuel cell as much as possible, and the research in the aspect mainly focuses on the stage of bench test. However, gas transmission and reaction inside the fuel cell are a complex process, and the DCDC is also needed to realize operating point adjustment and energy management in the practical application of the fuel cell system.
In addition, during the transient control process of the fuel cell, the pressure difference between the two sections of the proton exchange membrane becomes another key factor influencing the service life of the fuel cell. Because the two sections of the proton exchange membrane have too high pressure to cause membrane deformation or damage and cause irreversible damage to the fuel cell, in the control angle, the known method is to keep the pressure difference between the anode and the cathode within the bearable range of the proton exchange membrane, generally considering that the response rate of the anode is high, and the anode pressure is controlled along with the cathode pressure in the control aspect. In fact, the anode and cathode pressures respectively correspond to different change laws in the process of increasing and decreasing the output power of the fuel cell, and the currently known control method cannot meet different control requirements in the process of increasing and decreasing the output power.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a transient control method for a fuel cell system, which adopts different control methods according to the load change requirement, so as to effectively optimize the service life of a fuel cell and the service life of a power cell while ensuring the dynamic response of the fuel cell system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a transient control method of a fuel cell system is characterized in that a power-up control method is executed in a power-up stage, and a power-down control method is executed in a power-down stage, so that the service life of a fuel cell and the service life of a power cell are effectively optimized while the dynamic response of the fuel cell system is ensured.
Furthermore, in the power-up stage, gas is supplied according to the requirement, and when the gas meets the supply requirement, the current is increased through the DCDC.
Furthermore, in the power-down stage, the current is firstly pulled down by the DCDC, and then the gas supply flow is regulated.
Further, the method for controlling the power per liter comprises the following steps:
a1, switching a zone bit at a working point, and increasing the power from the current power to a target power;
a2, controlling the gas flow and pressure at the cathode end according to the current power and the target power in the step A1;
a3, adjusting the pressure of the anode end according to the pressure of the cathode end in the step A2;
a4, judging whether the gas supply requirement is met, if so, executing the step A5, otherwise, returning to the step A2;
and A5, performing DCDC current control.
Further, in step A3, the target anode pressure is the target cathode pressure plus the maximum allowable cathode-anode pressure difference.
Further, in step A4, when it is determined whether or not the gas supply request is satisfied:
the method comprises the following steps:
when the actual pressure of the anode reaches +/-5 kPa of the target pressure corresponding to the target working point, the hydrogen side gas is considered to meet the supply requirement;
and/or
The method comprises the following steps:
and when the actual pressure of the cathode reaches +/-5 kPa of the target pressure corresponding to the target working point and the actual flow of the cathode reaches +/-20 NL/min of the target flow, the gas is considered to basically meet the supply requirement.
Further, the power down control method comprises the following steps:
b1, switching a zone bit at a working point, and reducing the power from the current power to the target power;
b2, reducing the current through DCDC;
b3, controlling the gas flow and pressure at the anode end according to the current power and the target power in the step B1;
b4, adjusting the pressure of the cathode end according to the pressure of the anode end in the step B3;
and B5, judging whether the target power is reached, if so, ending, otherwise, returning to the step B2.
Further, in step B4, calibration is performed in advance through a test to obtain a Map relation between the target power and the anode target hydrogen pressure, and the cathode target pressure is obtained by subtracting the maximum allowable cathode-anode pressure difference from the anode target pressure.
Further, the present disclosure discloses an electronic device, which includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is communicatively connected to the processor and is configured to store executable instructions of the processor, and the processor is configured to execute the above transient control method for a fuel cell system.
Further, the present disclosure discloses a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which when executed by a processor implements a method for transient control of a fuel cell system.
Compared with the prior art, the transient control method of the fuel cell system has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The scheme discloses a transient control method of a fuel cell system, which provides the transient control method of the fuel cell system according to the response rates of an electrical system, a cathode system and an anode system and the state characteristics of a fuel cell in the power-up and power-down processes, determines to enter a power-up control process or a power-down control process according to the change of required power, distinguishes different control processes and can effectively optimize the service life of the fuel cell and the service life of a power cell;
(2) The scheme discloses a transient control method of a fuel cell system, which mainly considers that a gas system has low response rate and is easy to cause local gas shortage and cause voltage undershoot phenomenon in the power rising process, avoids the phenomenon through a mode of delaying control of DCDC, and optimizes the service life of the fuel cell system;
(3) The scheme discloses a transient control method of a fuel cell system, which mainly considers that the gas system has low response speed and easily causes excessive generated energy to cause overcharging of a power cell in the power reduction process, avoids the phenomenon by preferentially controlling a DCDC (direct current) mode, and optimizes the service life of the power cell;
(4) The scheme discloses a transient control method of a fuel cell system, which designs different gas pressure following modes, wherein in the power increasing process, the anode pressure control follows the cathode pressure change, in the power reducing process, the cathode pressure control follows the anode pressure change, and on the premise of ensuring quicker response, the two-section differential pressure of a proton exchange membrane is in a specified range.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of power-per-liter control according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a gas supply status determination process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a power down control flow according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the average cell voltage variation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating power increase rate comparison according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The fuel cell system transient control of the present patent includes up power control and down power control.
In the power-up stage, the response speed of the anode pressure is mainly considered to be in the millisecond level, the response speed of the cathode pressure is in the second level, and according to the principle that a quick response system follows a slow response system, in the power-up stage, a control method that the anode pressure follows the cathode pressure is adopted. In addition, considering that the response rate of the DCDC is microsecond level and is far higher than the response rates of the anode and the cathode, in order to enable the gas to meet the requirement of output current, in the power-up stage, the gas is supplied according to the requirement, when the gas meets the supply requirement, the control method of the DCDC increasing the current is adopted, and therefore the phenomenon of voltage undershoot generated in the transient switching process of the working point of the fuel cell due to the fact that the local gas is deficient caused by response delay of a gas system in the power-up process can be effectively prevented, the oxidation of a catalyst of the fuel cell is caused, and the service life of the fuel cell is seriously influenced. The power-up control flow is shown in fig. 1;
during power up, the pressure following control strategy also affects the transient response effect. The method for the anode pressure to follow the cathode pressure can be calibrated in advance through tests to obtain the Map relation between the target power and the target cathode air pressure, wherein the target anode pressure is the target cathode pressure plus the maximum allowable cathode-anode pressure difference. The maximum allowable anode-cathode pressure difference is related to the mechanical properties of the proton exchange membrane, and 20kPa can be selected, for example. The controller realizes the consistency of the actual pressure and the target pressure through PI control, and in consideration of response speed and overshoot prevention, a P value and an I value need to be calibrated in advance through a test, for example, the difference between the actual pressure of the anode and the target pressure is required to be +/-3 kPa, and the difference between the actual pressure of the cathode and the target pressure is required to be +/-5 kPa. If the effect of the purging process on the pressure fluctuations is taken into account, the anode instantaneous pressure fluctuations are less than 10kPa.
The determination of whether the gas meets the supply requirements is a key factor in performing DCDC current control. If the gas does not meet the supply requirement at the time of executing the DCDC current control, local gas shortage is likely to occur, so that a voltage undershoot phenomenon is generated in the transient switching process of the operating point of the fuel cell, the catalyst of the fuel cell is oxidized, and the service life of the fuel cell is seriously influenced. If the gas already meets the supply requirement at the time of executing the DCDC current control, the transient response rate is reduced, which is reflected in the system performance and the power-up index is poor. In this regard, the present patent uses flow and pressure to determine comprehensively whether the gas meets the supply requirements, as shown in fig. 2.
And (4) adopting a pressure judgment method for the anode, and when the actual pressure of the anode reaches +/-5 kPa of the target pressure corresponding to the target working point, considering that the gas on the hydrogen side meets the supply requirement. And for the cathode, adopting a flow and pressure comprehensive judgment method, and when the actual pressure of the cathode reaches +/-5 kPa of the target pressure corresponding to the target working point and the actual flow of the cathode reaches +/-20 NL/min of the target flow, considering that the gas basically meets the supply requirement, and executing DCDC current control. The specific pressure threshold and flow threshold can also be used for carrying out multiple groups of sensitivity tests to obtain optimal values according to the characteristics of the electric pile.
In the power reduction stage, the characteristic that the pressure of the anode cannot be rapidly reduced is mainly considered, so that in the power reduction process, the pressure response rates of the cathode and the anode are in the order of seconds, and the anode responds more slowly, so that in the power reduction stage, a control mode that the cathode follows the anode is adopted. In addition, considering that the response rate of the DCDC is microsecond level and is far higher than the response rates of the anode and the cathode, in the power reduction stage, the control method of firstly reducing the current through the DCDC and then adjusting the gas supply flow is adopted, so that the power reduction response speed can be improved, and the phenomenon of overcharge of a battery pack is prevented, so that the service life of the battery pack is seriously influenced. The power down control flow is shown in fig. 3;
during the power reduction process, the transient response effect can also be influenced by the pressure following control strategy. The method for the cathode pressure to follow the anode pressure can be calibrated in advance through tests to obtain the Map relation between the target power and the anode target hydrogen pressure, wherein the cathode target pressure is the anode target pressure minus the maximum allowable cathode-anode pressure difference. The maximum allowable anode-cathode pressure difference is related to the mechanical properties of the proton exchange membrane, and 20kPa can be selected, for example. The controller realizes the consistency of the actual pressure and the target pressure through PI control, and needs to perform test calibration P value and I value in advance in consideration of response speed and overshoot prevention, for example, the difference between the actual pressure of the anode and the target pressure is required to be +/-3 kPa, and the difference between the actual pressure of the cathode and the target pressure is required to be +/-5 kPa. If the effect of the purging process on the pressure fluctuations is taken into account, the anode instantaneous pressure fluctuations are less than 10kPa.
As shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5, research results show that the cell voltage drop of the fuel cell can be effectively reduced by using the control method designed by the present patent, and as shown in the following figures, the average cell voltage can be increased by 0.3V at maximum in the transient process compared with the control method not using the present patent. In the transient process without the control method, the average monomer voltage is reduced to 0.4V, the possibility of oxidation of the fuel cell catalyst is greatly increased, and the service life of the fuel cell is seriously influenced. Theoretically, the gas and electric phased control method can reduce the response speed of the system, and research results show that through proper calibration and parameter adjustment, the response speed can be maximally different by 0.3s without basically influencing the system performance, as shown in the following figure. In conclusion, the control method used by the patent ensures the prolonging of the service life of the fuel cell and the faster response speed of the system.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the elements and method steps of the examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the components and steps of the examples have been described in a functional general in the foregoing description for the purpose of clearly illustrating the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed method and system may be implemented in other ways. For example, the division of the above-mentioned units is only a logical function division, and other division manners may be available in actual implementation, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. The units may or may not be physically separate, and components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment of the present invention.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. A fuel cell system transient control method characterized by: executing a power-up control method in a power-up stage and executing a power-down control method in a power-down stage;
in the power-up stage, gas is supplied according to the requirement, and when the gas meets the supply requirement, the current is increased through DCDC;
in the power reduction stage, firstly reducing the current through DCDC, and then adjusting the gas supply flow;
the power per liter control method comprises the following steps:
a1, switching a zone bit at a working point, and increasing the power from the current power to a target power;
a2, controlling the gas flow and pressure at the cathode end according to the current power and the target power in the step A1;
a3, adjusting the pressure of the anode end according to the pressure of the cathode end in the step A2;
a4, judging whether the gas supply requirement is met, if so, executing the step A5, otherwise, returning to the step A2;
a5, executing DCDC current control;
in step A4, when determining whether or not the gas supply requirement is satisfied:
the method comprises the following steps:
when the actual pressure of the anode reaches +/-5 kPa of the target pressure corresponding to the target working point, the hydrogen side gas is considered to meet the supply requirement;
and/or
The method comprises the following steps:
when the actual pressure of the cathode reaches +/-5 kPa of the target pressure corresponding to the target working point and the actual flow of the cathode reaches +/-20 NL/min of the target flow, the gas is considered to basically meet the supply requirement;
the power reduction control method comprises the following steps:
b1, switching a zone bit at a working point, and reducing the power from the current power to the target power;
b2, reducing the current through DCDC;
b3, controlling the gas flow and the pressure of the anode end according to the current power and the target power in the step B1;
b4, adjusting the pressure of the cathode end according to the pressure of the anode end in the step B3;
and B5, judging whether the target power is reached, if so, ending, otherwise, returning to the step B2.
2. A fuel cell system transient control method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in step A3, the target anode pressure is the target cathode pressure plus the maximum allowable cathode-anode pressure difference.
3. A fuel cell system transient control method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in step B4, calibration is carried out through experiments in advance, the Map relation between the target power and the anode target hydrogen pressure is obtained, and the cathode target pressure is the anode target pressure minus the maximum allowable cathode-anode pressure difference.
4. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor and configured to store processor-executable instructions, wherein: the processor is configured to perform a fuel cell system transient control method as set forth in any of claims 1-3 above.
5. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: the computer program when executed by a processor implements a fuel cell system transient control method of any of claims 1-3.
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