CN115578920A - Model for demonstrating retinal detachment - Google Patents
Model for demonstrating retinal detachment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115578920A CN115578920A CN202211352023.XA CN202211352023A CN115578920A CN 115578920 A CN115578920 A CN 115578920A CN 202211352023 A CN202211352023 A CN 202211352023A CN 115578920 A CN115578920 A CN 115578920A
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- 206010038848 Retinal detachment Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
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- 210000005252 bulbus oculi Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 210000004127 vitreous body Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 33
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 210000004087 cornea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002681 cryosurgery Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
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Abstract
The invention discloses a retinal detachment demonstration model, relates to the field of medical models, and provides a retinal detachment demonstration model capable of vividly showing retinal detachment reasons and processes. The model comprises a base, a connecting structure, a simulation eyeball, a hole opening and closing device, a first liquid filling and discharging device and a second liquid filling and discharging device; the simulated eyeball is connected with the base through a connecting structure; the shape of the simulated eyeball is hemispherical, and the simulated eyeball comprises an eyeball shell, a transparent flat plate, a simulated retina and a simulated vitreous body; the simulated retina has a fissure hole, and the hole opening and closing device can close the fissure hole or remove the blockage to simulate the retina to have the fissure hole; the simulated vitreous body is locally connected with the simulated retina, and the first liquid filling and discharging device and the second liquid filling and discharging device can work in a matched mode to fill and discharge liquid into the simulated vitreous body, so that the simulated vitreous body is reduced or expanded and restored, and the simulated vitreous body pulls the retina. The invention is convenient for ophthalmology medical trainees to vividly know the retinal detachment and is beneficial to deepening the impression.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical models, in particular to a model for demonstrating retinal detachment.
Background
Retinal detachment is a blinding eye disease with an increasing incidence year after year. The main reason and the manifestation are that a retinal hole is formed on the retina due to retinal degeneration or vitreous traction, and the liquefied vitreous enters the back of the retina through the retinal hole to cause the separation of the retina and the choroid; the detached portion of the retina fails to perceive the light stimulus, resulting in an incomplete or complete loss of image perception by the eye. Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a human eyeball. In contrast to fig. 9, the vitreous body liquefied by the formation of the cleavage hole in the retina enters between the retina and the choroid through the cleavage hole. In addition to vitreous traction, vigorous movement or impact causes the eyeball to vibrate and may also cause retinal detachment.
Retinal detachment has different treatment options according to the size of its fissures and detachment planes, and 90% of patients in clinical cases require surgical treatment. Common surgical approaches are: the vitreous body cutting and silicone oil/gas filling combined operation comprises the following operation steps: firstly, cutting the vitreous body and replacing the vitreous body with liquid to remove the adhesion between the vitreous body and the retina and avoid the vitreous body from pulling the retina; then sucking out the liquid between the retina and the choroid and sealing the vitreous cavity by adopting a laser or carbon dioxide freezing mode; finally, gas or silicon oil is injected into the eyeball, the patient keeps a certain head position (usually lying on the stomach) to enable the retinal fissure to be positioned above, the specific gravity of the gas or the silicon oil is lighter than that of the liquid in the eye, so that the gas or the silicon oil floats above the liquid in the eye and has the function of pressing and separating part of the retina, the retina is attached to the choroid, and the purpose of retina restoration is achieved.
The medical teaching model is an important tool for medical care personnel to learn, and the prior ophthalmology teaching model mainly can display the anatomical structure of human eyeballs for students to know; but do not dynamically demonstrate the cause, course, and simulate retinal detachment recovery surgery. Although the reason and the process of the retinal detachment can be shown by video data, the video data are not visual after all, and the retinal detachment recovery operation can not be simulated, which is not beneficial to improving the teaching quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a retinal detachment demonstration model which can vividly show the cause and the process of retinal detachment.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the problems is as follows: the retinal detachment demonstration model comprises a base, a connecting structure, a simulation eyeball, a hole opening and closing device, a first liquid filling and discharging device, a second liquid filling and discharging device and a controller; the simulated eyeball is connected with the base through a connecting structure;
the shape of the simulated eyeball is hemispherical, and the simulated eyeball comprises an eyeball shell, a transparent flat plate, a simulated retina and a simulated vitreous body; the eyeball shell is in a hollow hemispherical shape, and a first shell hole is formed in the eyeball shell; the transparent flat plate is connected with the end face of the eyeball shell; the simulated retina is positioned in the eyeball shell and is attached to the eyeball shell, the part of the simulated retina except the back part is connected with the eyeball shell, the end surface of the simulated retina is connected with the transparent flat plate, the simulated retina connected with the eyeball shell is a fixed retina, the simulated retina which is not connected with the eyeball shell is a movable retina, the fixed retina is provided with a split hole, and the split hole is opposite to the first shell hole; the eyeball shell is provided with a communication hole which extends from the first shell hole to the back of the movable retina; the simulated vitreous body is positioned in the eyeball shell and comprises a transparent flexible sheet, the edge of the transparent flexible sheet is connected with a transparent flat plate, the local part of the transparent flexible sheet is connected with the movable retina, a first liquid cavity is formed between the transparent flexible sheet and the transparent flat plate, a second liquid cavity is formed between the transparent flexible sheet and the eyeball shell, and transparent liquid is filled between the first liquid cavity and the second liquid cavity;
the hole opening and closing device comprises a sealing column and a telescopic mechanism, the sealing column is inserted into the first shell hole and the split hole and is matched with the first shell hole, the inner end face of the sealing column is flush with the simulated retina and has the same color as the simulated retina, and the telescopic mechanism is fixed outside the eyeball shell and is connected with the sealing column; the first liquid filling and discharging device and the second liquid filling and discharging device are arranged on the base and are respectively communicated with the first liquid cavity and the second liquid cavity; the controller sets up on the base, and telescopic machanism, first exhaust apparatus and the second of filling fills exhaust apparatus can be controlled to the controller.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the retinal detachment demonstration model comprises an operation structure; the simulated glass body comprises a connecting belt and a sucker, the sucker is sucked on the movable retina, the connecting belt is connected with the transparent flexible sheet and the sucker, and the sucker is provided with a sucker hole which can be opened and closed; the eyeball shell is provided with a second shell hole, the operation structure comprises an elastic extension pipe, a hard joint and an inflation joint, the elastic extension pipe is connected with the eyeball shell and communicated with the second shell hole, the hard joint is higher than the simulated eyeball and connected with the elastic extension pipe, the inflation joint is detachably connected with the hard joint, and the inflation joint is provided with a one-way valve which can be opened towards the simulated eyeball in one way.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the sucking disc includes stereoplasm bottom, flexible skirt portion, sealed lid and flexure strip, and the sucking disc hole sets up in the stereoplasm bottom, and sealed lid is located stereoplasm bottom inboard and corresponds the setting with the sucking disc hole, and sealed covering has sealed the pad, and the flexure strip is connected with stereoplasm bottom and sealed lid, and the elasticity of flexure strip makes sealed lid cover the sucking disc hole.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the portion of the movable retina adjacent to the transparent plate is transparent, and the remainder of the movable retina and the fixed retina are yellow in color.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the end face of the eyeball shell is provided with colors according to the structure of the human eyeball, so that the section structure of the human eyeball can be displayed.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the first liquid filling and discharging device comprises a first liquid container, a first liquid pump, a first switch valve, a first overflow valve, a first liquid filling pipe and a first liquid return pipe, wherein the first liquid filling pipe and the first liquid return pipe are respectively communicated with the first liquid container and a first liquid cavity, the first liquid pump is arranged on the first liquid filling pipe, and the first switch valve and the first overflow valve are arranged on the first liquid return pipe.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the second liquid filling and discharging device comprises a second liquid container, a second liquid pump, a second switch valve, a second overflow valve, a second liquid filling pipe and a second liquid return pipe, the second liquid filling pipe and the second liquid return pipe are respectively communicated with the second liquid container and the second liquid cavity, the second liquid pump is arranged on the second liquid filling pipe, and the second switch valve and the second overflow valve are arranged on the second liquid return pipe.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the telescopic mechanism is an electric telescopic rod.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the connecting structure comprises a connecting rod and a spherical hinge structure which are connected, the connecting rod is connected with the base, and the spherical hinge structure is connected with the simulated eyeball.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the retinal detachment demonstration model comprises a vibration sensor; the connecting rod comprises a sleeve, a telescopic rod and a spring, the telescopic rod is inserted into the sleeve, and the spring is positioned in the sleeve and pushes the telescopic rod outwards; the vibration sensor is connected with the spherical hinge structure, the controller is arranged on the base, and the controller can control the telescopic mechanism according to signals of the vibration sensor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the invention can visually display the retinal detachment reason and the retinal detachment process so that the ophthalmology medical trainees can visually know the retinal detachment reason and the retinal detachment process, and the method is favorable for deepening the impression and improving the learning effect. The method comprises the following specific steps: the second liquid filling and discharging device fills liquid into the second liquid cavity, and the first liquid filling and discharging device discharges liquid in the first liquid cavity at the same time, so that the shrinkage of the vitreous body is simulated, and the condition that the vitreous body draws the retina can be displayed. When the simulated vitreous body is shrunk to a certain degree, the controller controls the telescopic mechanism to retract so as to drive the sealing column to retract, the cracked hole is not filled with the sealing column and appears, and the cracked hole of the simulated retina appears. Then, due to the fluidity of the liquid, the liquid in the second liquid chamber flows into the rear of the simulated retina, i.e., between the simulated retina and the eyeball housing, sequentially through the cleavage hole, the first housing hole and the communication hole, and assumes the state shown in fig. 8. Therefore, the invention simulates the phenomenon that the retina is cracked due to the traction of the vitreous body on the retina, and the liquefied vitreous body enters between the retina and the choroid through the cracked hole to cause the retinal detachment.
2. The invention further optimizes the design, can vividly show the separation of the vitreous body and the retina in the operation, extract the liquid behind the retina, repair the retinal hole, inject gas or silicon oil into the eyeball to jack up the retina, the movement or collision causes the retina to separate from these retinal and disengage and the operation state, further facilitate the student to study and deepen the impression, improve the study effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a retinal detachment demonstration model;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a simulated eyeball;
FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a view showing the internal structure of the base;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the operative structure;
FIG. 6 is a view of the chuck structure;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the connection structure;
fig. 8 is a diagram of a retinal detachment state;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an eyeball with a conventional model or picture;
labeled as: the simulated eyeball 1, the eyeball housing 11, the communication hole 111, the first housing hole 112, the second housing hole 113, the transparent flat plate 12, the simulated retina 13, the fixed retina 131, the movable retina 132, the cleavage hole 133, the simulated vitreous body 14, the transparent flexible sheet 141, the suction cup 142, the rigid bottom 1421, the suction cup hole 1422, the flexible skirt 1423, the sealing cap 1424, the sealing gasket 1425, the elastic sheet 1426, the connecting band 143, the first liquid chamber 15, the second liquid chamber 16, the connecting structure 2, the ball joint structure 21, the connecting rod 22, the telescopic rod 221, the sleeve 222, the spring 223, the base 3, the first liquid filling and draining device 4, the first liquid container 41, the first liquid pump 42, the first liquid filling pipe 43, the first liquid return pipe 44, the first switch valve 45, the first relief valve 46, the second liquid filling and draining device 5, the second liquid container 51, the second liquid pump 52, the second liquid filling pipe 53, the second liquid return pipe 54, the second switch valve 55, the second switch 56, the controller 6, the operation structure 7, the elastic extension pipe 71, the expansion joint 72, the expansion joint 82, the expansion joint 81, the rigid column sealing mechanism 81, and the vibration sensor mechanism.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
The retinal detachment demonstration model comprises a base 3, a connecting structure 2, a simulation eyeball 1, a hole opening and closing device 8, a first liquid filling and discharging device 4, a second liquid filling and discharging device 5 and a controller 6; the simulated eyeball 1 is connected with the base 3 through the connecting structure 2;
the shape of the simulated eyeball 1 is hemispherical, and the simulated eyeball 1 comprises an eyeball shell 11, a transparent flat plate 12, a simulated retina 13 and a simulated vitreous body 14; the eyeball shell 11 is shaped like a hollow hemisphere, and the eyeball shell 11 is provided with a first shell hole 112; the transparent flat plate 12 is connected with the end face of the eyeball shell 11; the simulated retina 13 is positioned in the eyeball shell 11 and is attached to the eyeball shell 11, the part of the simulated retina 13 except the back part is connected with the eyeball shell 11, the end surface of the simulated retina 13 is connected with the transparent flat plate 12, the simulated retina 13 connected with the eyeball shell 11 is a fixed retina 131, the simulated retina 13 which is not connected with the eyeball shell 11 is a movable retina 132, the fixed retina 131 is provided with a split hole 133, and the split hole 133 is opposite to the first shell hole 112; the eyeball housing 11 has a communication hole 111 extending from the first housing hole 112 to the rear of the movable retina 132; the simulated vitreous body 14 is positioned in the eyeball shell 11, the simulated vitreous body 14 comprises a transparent flexible sheet 141, the edge of the transparent flexible sheet 141 is connected with the transparent flat plate 12, the local part of the transparent flexible sheet 141 is connected with the movable retina 132, a first liquid cavity 15 is formed between the transparent flexible sheet 141 and the transparent flat plate 12, a second liquid cavity 16 is formed between the transparent flexible sheet 141 and the eyeball shell 11, and transparent liquid is filled between the first liquid cavity 15 and the second liquid cavity 16;
the hole opening and closing device 8 comprises a sealing column 81 and a telescopic mechanism 82, the sealing column 81 is inserted into the first shell hole 112 and the split hole 133 and is matched with the first shell hole 112, the inner end face of the sealing column 81 is flush with the simulated retina 13 and has the same color as the simulated retina 13, and the telescopic mechanism 82 is fixed outside the eyeball shell 11 and is connected with the sealing column 81; the first liquid filling and discharging device 4 and the second liquid filling and discharging device 5 are arranged on the base 3, and the first liquid filling and discharging device 4 and the second liquid filling and discharging device 5 are respectively communicated with the first liquid cavity 15 and the second liquid cavity 16; the controller 6 is arranged on the base 3, and the controller 6 can control the telescopic mechanism 82, the first liquid filling and discharging device 4 and the second liquid filling and discharging device 5. The telescoping mechanism 82 is preferably an electrically powered telescoping rod.
The simulated eyeball 1 of the present invention shows the eyeball-dissecting state as a whole, and the internal structure of the simulated eyeball 1 can be seen through the transparent plate 12. The end surface of the eyeball housing 11 may be provided with colors according to the structure of the human eyeball so as to display the profile structure of the human eyeball, specifically, as shown in fig. 9, the outer layer of the eyeball housing 11 is the skin color to represent the sclera; the inner layer of the eyeball shell 11 is red silk to represent choroid; the color of the simulated retina 13 is yellow; the transparent flexible sheet 141 may be a light color, transparent while visible. The front end surface of the eyeball housing 11 may be colored with reference to a common eyeball profile to show the structures of the eyeball such as a crystalline lens, a cornea and an iris. The eyeball housing 11 may be made of a hard plastic material, the transparent flexible sheet 141 simulating the retina 13 and the vitreous humor 14 may be made of a silicone, and the liquid in the first liquid chamber 15 and the second liquid chamber 16 may be water.
The invention can visually display the retinal detachment reason and the retinal detachment process so that the ophthalmology medical trainees can visually know the retinal detachment reason and the retinal detachment process, and the method is favorable for deepening the impression and improving the learning effect. The method comprises the following specific steps: the second liquid filling and discharging device 5 fills the second liquid cavity 16 with liquid, and the first liquid filling and discharging device 4 discharges the liquid in the first liquid cavity 15, so that the shrinkage of the vitreous body 14 is simulated, and the condition that the vitreous body pulls the retina can be displayed. When the simulated vitreous body 14 is shrunk to a certain degree, the controller 6 controls the telescopic mechanism 82 to retract, so as to drive the sealing column 81 to retract, the crack hole 133 loses the filling of the sealing column 81 to present, and the simulated retina cracks. Then, due to the fluidity of the liquid, the liquid in the second liquid chamber 16 flows through the cleavage hole 133, the first housing hole 112, and the communication hole 111 in this order, and flows behind the simulated retina 13, that is, between the simulated retina 13 and the eyeball housing 11, and takes the state shown in fig. 8. Therefore, the invention simulates the phenomenon that the retina is cracked due to the traction of the vitreous body on the retina, and the liquefied vitreous body enters between the retina and the choroid through the cracked hole to cause the retinal detachment.
After the exhibition is finished, the first liquid filling and discharging device 4 fills the first liquid cavity 15 with liquid, the second liquid filling and discharging device 5 discharges the liquid from the second liquid cavity 16, the simulated vitreous body 14 is expanded and restored, the liquid between the simulated retina 13 and the eyeball housing 11 can be drawn out, and the hole opening and closing device 8 is reset to close the first housing hole 112, so that the invention is restored to the initial state.
"the portion of the simulated retina 13 other than the posterior portion is connected to the eyeball housing 11, the simulated retina 13 connected to the eyeball housing 11 is the fixed retina 131, and the simulated retina 13 not connected to the eyeball housing 11 is the movable retina 132". The significance of the arrangement is that the retina is rarely completely separated, and most of the retina is partially separated, which is consistent with the actual situation; second, if the simulated retina 13 is fully moved, the split-hole 133 may be displaced so that the sealing post 81 cannot enter when it is repositioned after detachment.
Preferably, the portion of the movable retina 132 adjacent to the transparent plate 12 is transparent, so that when fluid enters the simulated retina 13 and the eyeball housing 11, the end surface of the opaque portion of the movable retina 132 is spaced from the eyeball housing 11 and can be seen through the transparent plate 12 to better demonstrate retinal detachment.
Further preferred embodiments of the invention are set out below: the retinal detachment demonstration model comprises an operation structure 7; the simulated vitreous body 14 comprises a connecting belt 143 and a suction disc 142, the suction disc 142 is sucked on the movable retina 132, the connecting belt 143 is connected with the transparent flexible sheet 141 and the suction disc 142, and the suction disc 142 is provided with a suction disc hole 1422 which can be opened and closed; the eyeball housing 11 is provided with a second housing hole 113, the operating structure 7 comprises an elastic extension pipe 71, a hard joint 72 and an inflation joint 73, the elastic extension pipe 71 is connected with the eyeball housing 11 and communicated with the second housing hole 113, the hard joint 72 is higher than the simulated eyeball 1 and connected with the elastic extension pipe 71, the inflation joint 73 is detachably connected with the hard joint 72, and the inflation joint 73 is provided with a one-way valve which can be opened towards the simulated eyeball 1 in a one-way.
The significance of the arrangement is that the retinal detachment demonstration model can be operated to simulate retinal detachment surgery. As described in the background, a common surgical method for retinal detachment includes the following steps: cutting the vitreous body, removing the adhesion between the vitreous body and the retina and avoiding the vitreous body from dragging the retina; then sucking out the liquid between the retina and the choroid; then, sealing the cracked holes of the vitreous body by adopting a laser or carbon dioxide freezing mode; and finally injecting gas or silicone oil into the eyeball.
The present invention removes the inflation connector 73, inserts a slender tool into the simulated eyeball 1, opens the suction cup hole 1422, and the suction cup 142 loses its suction force and leaves the simulated retina 13, thereby simulating the cutting of the vitreous body and releasing the adhesion between the vitreous body and the retina. Thereafter, the simulated eyeball 1 is inserted with an elongated tool (e.g., elongated forceps) and the suction cups are reattached to the simulated retina 13 by grasping the attachment band 143. The elastic extension tube 71 has the functions of making the hard joint 72 higher than the simulated eyeball 1 and preventing the liquid from leaking out after the inflatable joint 73 is detached; secondly, the swing can be deformed to avoid hindering the tool from swinging within the simulated eye 1. The elastic extension tube 71 may be made of silicone.
A long and thin straw is inserted into the simulated eyeball 1 and extends into the fissure 133 and the first shell hole 112, and fluid between the simulated retina 13 and the eyeball shell 11 can be sucked out to simulate sucking out fluid between the retina and the choroid. The head of the elongated pipette may be spherical or conical to fit within the opening of the slit 133 to form a substantial seal to facilitate aspiration of fluid simulating the interface between the retina 13 and the eye shell 11.
The simulated eyeball 1 is inserted by a tool with a shape similar to that of a laser or carbon dioxide cryosurgery tool to carry out simulated operation, and the controller 6 controls the telescopic mechanism 82 to extend and close the split hole 133, so that the split hole of the vitreous body can be simulated to be closed by adopting a laser or carbon dioxide freezing mode.
The inflation connector 73 is retracted and connected to the inflation connector 73 by an inflation tool (e.g., a syringe) for inflation, thereby simulating the injection of gas or silicone oil into the eyeball. Because the liquid is easy to mix with the original liquid in the second liquid cavity 16, the invention only injects gas, the gas is air, and bubbles can be seen in the simulated eyeball 1.
As mentioned above, the suction cup 142 should have the suction cup hole 1422 that can be opened and closed, and the specific arrangement can be as follows: the suction cup 142 includes a hard base 1421, a flexible skirt 1423, a sealing cap 1424, and an elastic sheet 1426, wherein a suction cup hole 1422 is formed on the hard base 1421, the sealing cap 1424 is disposed inside the hard base 1421 and corresponding to the suction cup hole 1422, a gasket 1425 is formed on the sealing cap 1424, the elastic sheet 1426 is connected to the hard base 1421 and the sealing cap 1424, and the elastic sheet 1426 allows the sealing cap 1424 to cover the suction cup hole 1422. Thus, the suction hole 1422 can be opened by pushing the seal 1425 into the thin rod, and when the thin rod is released, the elastic piece 1426 rebounds to cover the suction hole 1422 with the seal 1424, and the suction hole 1422 is closed again. The connecting band 143 may be made of silicone.
The specific structure of the first liquid filling and discharging device 4 is preferably as follows: the first liquid filling and discharging device 4 includes a first liquid container 41, a first liquid pump 42, a first switching valve 45, a first overflow valve 46, a first liquid filling pipe 43, and a first overflow pipe 44, the first liquid filling pipe 43 and the first overflow pipe 44 are respectively communicated with the first liquid container 41 and the first liquid chamber 15, the first liquid pump 42 is provided on the first liquid filling pipe 43, and the first switching valve 45 and the first overflow valve 46 are provided on the first overflow pipe 44.
The second liquid filling and discharging device 5 can adopt the same mechanism as the first liquid filling and discharging device 4. The second liquid filling and discharging device 5 includes a second liquid container 51, a second liquid pump 52, a second switching valve 55, a second overflow valve 56, a second liquid filling pipe 53 and a second liquid return pipe 54, the second liquid filling pipe 53 and the second liquid return pipe 54 are respectively communicated with the second liquid container 51 and the second liquid chamber 16, the second liquid pump 52 is disposed on the second liquid filling pipe 53, and the second switching valve 55 and the second overflow valve 56 are disposed on the second liquid return pipe 54.
When the first liquid filling and discharging device 4 and the second liquid filling and discharging device 5 adopt the structure, the working process is as follows: when the simulated vitreous body 14 is required to contract to simulate traction of the retina, the second liquid pump 52 is activated, and the first on-off valve 45 is opened and the second on-off valve 55 is closed. The second liquid pump 52 starts to inject the liquid into the second liquid chamber 16, and since the internal volume of the simulated eyeball 1 is constant, the liquid in the second liquid chamber 16 increases to apply the liquid pressure in the first liquid chamber 15; this pressure exceeds the first relief valve 46 opening pressure and the first relief valve 46 opens to relief, simulating the deflation of the vitreous 14. When the expansion and recovery of the vitreous body 14 are to be simulated, the first liquid pump 42 is started, the first on-off valve 45 is closed, and the second on-off valve 55 is opened. The first liquid pump 42 is started to fill the first liquid chamber 15 with liquid. At this time, the liquid pressure in the second liquid chamber 16 increases, and the second relief valve 56 opens to discharge the liquid in the second liquid chamber 16, so that the dummy glass 14 can be expanded and restored.
The first liquid pump 42, the second liquid pump 52, the first switch valve 45, the first overflow valve 46, the second switch valve 55, and the second overflow valve 56 are all prior art products, wherein the first overflow valve 46 and the second overflow valve 56 select proper opening pressures.
As described in the background, after the retinal detachment operation, the patient maintains a certain head position (usually lying on the stomach) to position the detached part of the retina above, and the gas or silicone oil has a lighter specific gravity than the liquid in the eye to float above and act to jack up the detached part of the retina to attach the retina to the choroid. In order to simulate this situation, it is preferable that the connection structure 2 includes a connection rod 22 and a spherical hinge structure 21 connected, the connection rod 22 is connected with the base 3, and the spherical hinge structure 21 is connected with the simulated eyeball 1. Rotating the simulated eyeball 1 in this way positions the movable retina 132 above to simulate the situation.
As described in the background, movement or impact causes the eyeball to vibrate and may also cause retinal detachment. To simulate this situation, it is preferred that the retinal detachment demonstration model includes a vibration sensor 9; the connecting rod 22 comprises a sleeve 222, an expansion link 221 and a spring 223, wherein the expansion link 221 is inserted into the sleeve 222, and the spring 223 is positioned in the sleeve 222 and pushes the expansion link 221 outwards; vibration sensor 9 is connected with ball pivot structure 21, and controller 6 sets up on base 3, and controller 6 can be according to vibration sensor 9 signal control telescopic machanism 82.
So, hold base 3 and push down simulation eyeball 1, then loose the hand fast, thereby spring 223 makes simulation eyeball 1 kick-back fast and vibrate, and vibration sensor 9 detects this vibration, and controller 6 can be according to vibration sensor 9 signal control telescopic machanism 82, specifically control telescopic machanism 82 to retract, and cracked hole 133 shows. This simulates a situation where the retina detaches due to movement or impact.
The controller 6 is used for controlling the movement of each electric appliance component, and the controller 6 only needs to adopt a conventional controller such as a single chip microcomputer. The electrical components controlled by the controller 6 include a first liquid pump 42, a first switch valve 45, a second liquid pump 52, a second switch valve 55, and a telescopic mechanism 82. The input signals to the controller 6 are input buttons or the like and a vibration sensor 9. When the simulated vitreous body 14 is desired to be deflated or restored, the first liquid pump 42, the first on-off valve 45, the second liquid pump 52, and the second on-off valve 55 are manually actuated. When the simulated vitreous body 14 shrinks, the retracting mechanism 82 is automatically actuated to retract when the second liquid pump 52 pumps a certain amount of liquid into the second liquid chamber 16, i.e., when the simulated vitreous body 14 shrinks a certain amount. The extension of the telescoping mechanism 82 may be manually actuated. The vibration sensor 9 signal may also initiate shortening of the telescopic mechanism 82 as previously described.
Claims (10)
1. The model for demonstrating retinal detachment is characterized in that: comprises a base (3), a connecting structure (2), a simulated eyeball (1), a hole opening and closing device (8), a first liquid filling and discharging device (4), a second liquid filling and discharging device (5) and a controller (6); the simulated eyeball (1) is connected with the base (3) through the connecting structure (2);
the shape of the simulated eyeball (1) is hemispherical, and the simulated eyeball (1) comprises an eyeball shell (11), a transparent flat plate (12), a simulated retina (13) and a simulated vitreous body (14); the eyeball shell (11) is in a hollow hemispherical shape, and a first shell hole (112) is formed in the eyeball shell (11); the transparent flat plate (12) is connected with the end face of the eyeball shell (11); the simulated retina (13) is positioned in the eyeball shell (11) and is attached to the eyeball shell (11), the part of the simulated retina (13) except the back part is connected with the eyeball shell (11), the end surface of the simulated retina (13) is connected with the transparent flat plate (12), the simulated retina (13) connected with the eyeball shell (11) is a fixed retina (131), the simulated retina (13) which is not connected with the eyeball shell (11) is a movable retina (132), a split hole (133) is arranged on the fixed retina (131), and the split hole (133) is opposite to the first shell hole (112); the eyeball shell (11) is provided with a communication hole (111) which extends from the first shell hole (112) to the back of the movable retina (132); the simulated vitreous body (14) is positioned in the eyeball shell (11), the simulated vitreous body (14) comprises a transparent flexible sheet (141), the edge of the transparent flexible sheet (141) is connected with a transparent flat plate (12), the local part of the transparent flexible sheet (141) is connected with the movable retina (132), a first liquid cavity (15) is formed between the transparent flexible sheet (141) and the transparent flat plate (12), a second liquid cavity (16) is formed between the transparent flexible sheet (141) and the eyeball shell (11), and transparent liquid is filled between the first liquid cavity (15) and the second liquid cavity (16);
the hole opening and closing device (8) comprises a sealing column (81) and a telescopic mechanism (82), the sealing column (81) is inserted into the first shell hole (112) and the split hole (133) and is matched with the first shell hole (112), the inner end face of the sealing column (81) is flush with the simulated retina (13) and has the same color as the simulated retina (13), and the telescopic mechanism (82) is fixed outside the eyeball shell (11) and is connected with the sealing column (81); the first liquid filling and discharging device (4) and the second liquid filling and discharging device (5) are arranged on the base (3), and the first liquid filling and discharging device (4) and the second liquid filling and discharging device (5) are respectively communicated with the first liquid cavity (15) and the second liquid cavity (16); the controller (6) is arranged on the base (3), and the controller (6) can control the telescopic mechanism (82), the first liquid filling and discharging device (4) and the second liquid filling and discharging device (5).
2. The model for demonstrating retinal detachment according to claim 1, wherein: comprises an operating structure (7); the simulated glass body (14) comprises a connecting belt (143) and a sucker (142), the sucker (142) is sucked on the movable retina (132), the connecting belt (143) is connected with the transparent flexible sheet (141) and the sucker (142), and the sucker (142) is provided with a sucker hole (1422) which can be opened and closed; the eyeball shell (11) is provided with a second shell hole (113), the operating structure (7) comprises an elastic extension pipe (71), a hard joint (72) and an inflation joint (73), the elastic extension pipe (71) is connected with the eyeball shell (11) and communicated with the second shell hole (113), the hard joint (72) is higher than the simulated eyeball (1) and connected with the elastic extension pipe (71), the inflation joint (73) is detachably connected with the hard joint (72), and the inflation joint (73) is provided with a one-way valve which can be opened towards the simulated eyeball (1) in one way.
3. The retinal detachment demonstration model according to claim 2, wherein: the sucking disc (142) comprises a hard bottom (1421), a flexible skirt portion (1423), a sealing cover (1424) and an elastic sheet (1426), a sucking disc hole (1422) is formed in the hard bottom (1421), the sealing cover (1424) is located on the inner side of the hard bottom (1421) and corresponds to the sucking disc hole (1422), a sealing gasket (1425) is arranged on the sealing cover (1424), the elastic sheet (1426) is connected with the hard bottom (1421) and the sealing cover (1424), and the elastic force of the elastic sheet (1426) enables the sealing cover (1424) to cover the sucking disc hole (1422).
4. The retinal detachment demonstration model according to claim 2, wherein: the part of the movable retina (132) close to the transparent plate (12) is transparent, and the rest part of the movable retina (132) and the fixed retina (131) are yellow in color.
5. The retinal detachment demonstration model according to claim 4, wherein: the end surface of the eyeball shell (11) is provided with colors according to the structure of the human eyeball so as to show the section structure of the human eyeball.
6. The model for demonstrating retinal detachment according to claim 2, wherein: the first liquid filling and discharging device (4) comprises a first liquid container (41), a first liquid pump (42), a first switch valve (45), a first overflow valve (46), a first liquid filling pipe (43) and a first liquid return pipe (44), the first liquid filling pipe (43) and the first liquid return pipe (44) are communicated with the first liquid container (41) and the first liquid cavity (15) respectively, the first liquid pump (42) is arranged on the first liquid filling pipe (43), and the first switch valve (45) and the first overflow valve (46) are arranged on the first liquid return pipe (44).
7. The model for demonstrating retinal detachment according to claim 2, wherein: the second liquid filling and draining device (5) comprises a second liquid container (51), a second liquid pump (52), a second switch valve (55), a second overflow valve (56), a second liquid filling pipe (53) and a second liquid return pipe (54), the second liquid filling pipe (53) and the second liquid return pipe (54) are respectively communicated with the second liquid container (51) and the second liquid cavity (16), the second liquid pump (52) is arranged on the second liquid filling pipe (53), and the second switch valve (55) and the second overflow valve (56) are arranged on the second liquid return pipe (54).
8. The model for demonstrating retinal detachment according to claim 2, wherein: the telescopic mechanism (82) is an electric telescopic rod.
9. The retinal detachment demonstration model according to claim 2, wherein: the connecting structure (2) comprises a connecting rod (22) and a spherical hinge structure (21) which are connected, the connecting rod (22) is connected with the base (3), and the spherical hinge structure (21) is connected with the simulated eyeball (1).
10. The retinal detachment demonstration model according to claim 8, wherein: comprises a vibration sensor (9); the connecting rod (22) comprises a sleeve (222), a telescopic rod (221) and a spring (223), the telescopic rod (221) is inserted into the sleeve (222), and the spring (223) is positioned in the sleeve (222) and pushes the telescopic rod (221) outwards; vibration sensor (9) are connected with ball pivot structure (21), and controller (6) set up on base (3), and telescopic machanism (82) can be controlled according to vibration sensor (9) signal to controller (6).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211352023.XA CN115578920A (en) | 2022-10-31 | 2022-10-31 | Model for demonstrating retinal detachment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211352023.XA CN115578920A (en) | 2022-10-31 | 2022-10-31 | Model for demonstrating retinal detachment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115578920A true CN115578920A (en) | 2023-01-06 |
Family
ID=84589645
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211352023.XA Withdrawn CN115578920A (en) | 2022-10-31 | 2022-10-31 | Model for demonstrating retinal detachment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115578920A (en) |
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2022
- 2022-10-31 CN CN202211352023.XA patent/CN115578920A/en not_active Withdrawn
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Application publication date: 20230106 |