CN115578443A - Building or road plan center line extraction method based on polygonal straight framework - Google Patents
Building or road plan center line extraction method based on polygonal straight framework Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a building or road plane graph center line extraction method based on a polygonal straight framework. The problem that the building center line extraction precision is insufficient in the prior art is solved. The method comprises the steps of S1, inputting building plan data; s2, carrying out polygonal straight skeleton processing on the building plan data; s3, screening center line segments of the polygonal straight framework; and S4, traversing the screened polygonal straight frameworks, replacing the edge of each discarded polygonal straight framework by a broken line, and connecting the central line segments of all the polygonal straight frameworks 1 into a complete polygonal straight framework graph. The invention has the advantages that: the extracted building center line is ensured to be higher in precision and more attractive, and the operation efficiency and the stability of the operation result are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building design, in particular to a building or road plan center line extraction method based on a polygonal straight framework.
Background
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the automatic generation method of indoor map spatial data of building plan in the prior art mainly focuses on extracting the standard representation of a wall according to a complex building plan, wherein in order to restore the connectivity of a wall with columns, the approximate trend of wall polygons needs to be extracted. Because the technology only faces to the wall body which accords with the unified standards of house building drawing, the technology only considers the wall sections which are formed by two parallel line segments or concentric circular arcs with opposite side line center positions as basic units, and the bisectors of the end lines at two sides are used for connecting the parts between the adjacent wall sections, the method can only process the parts which are parallel in the line segments at two sides in the polygon, namely the parts with the same side line, and is difficult to process the polygon with gradually changed width, namely different side lines, and for the condition that the connecting line between the central line end points of the adjacent wall sections is just vertical to the wall sections, the connecting line supplemented by the method is collinear with the connecting line of the central line end points of the adjacent wall sections, and when the thickness ratio of the adjacent wall sections exceeds 2, the connected central line is superposed with the edge of the wall, such as the DE section in figure 3, so that the central line obtained by the method is not suitable for tasks of electrical equipment arrangement, lighting circuit wiring and the like, the central line extraction precision of the building is insufficient, and the operation result and the operation efficiency are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a building or road plan center line extraction method based on a polygonal straight framework, which has high building center line extraction precision.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the method for extracting the center line of the building or road plan based on the polygonal straight framework comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting building plan data;
s2, carrying out polygonal straight framework processing on the building plan data;
s3, screening center line segments of the polygonal straight framework;
and S4, traversing the screened polygonal straight frameworks, replacing the edge of each discarded polygonal straight framework by a broken line, and connecting the central line segments of all the polygonal straight frameworks 1 into a complete polygonal straight framework graph.
The method comprises the steps of processing polygonal straight frameworks on plane graph data of a building, enabling side walls to be inwards extruded at the same speed to obtain a track of an intersection point of wall line segments, namely the straight frameworks, screening and trimming the track line segments according to shape distribution characteristics of the walls on two sides of the track, and accordingly obtaining a center line which has an attractive turning point and meets the design requirements of the building.
In the method for extracting the center line of the building or road plan based on the polygonal straight framework, in step S1, the input building plan data is represented by a simple polygon with holes, for an arc-shaped wall surface, sampling is carried out on an arc line to obtain a broken line, and the selected orthogonal broken line or smooth broken line is controlled by a switch option when the center line is connected.
Therefore, a better effect can be achieved on a plan view with more narrow and long areas surrounded by parallel wall surfaces.
In the method for extracting the center line of the building or road plan based on the polygonal straight skeleton, in step S2, the polygonal straight skeleton continuously translates the straight line where each side is located inwards at the same speed along the normal direction, when the sides are split into two sections when the non-adjacent contour sides collide, the connection sequence of the polygonal contour sides at the two sides is changed and skeleton vertexes are generated until all the contour sides are extruded to the length of 0, and the motion trajectories of the end points of all the sides obtained in the process are the polygonal straight skeleton.
Wherein, the simple multi-deformation circumferential edge is a contour edge;
the simple multi-deformation top vertex is the contour vertex;
the side formed by the sides of the simple polygon and the angular bisector of the side is a skeleton side;
the point formed by intersecting the sides of the fixed frame is the top point of the framework;
the angular bisector of two adjacent profile vertexes is a profile bisector;
a connecting line formed by points which are positioned in the simple polygon and used for connecting the contour bisector is an internal bisector;
the inner bisector and the outline bisector form the skeleton side.
In the above method for extracting the center line of the building or road plan based on the polygonal straight skeleton, in step S3, the polygonal straight skeleton is screened according to the relationship between two contour edges of each line segment generated in the polygonal straight skeleton in the process of screening the center line segment; the detailed steps are as follows:
s31, defining the direction of the outline edge as the anticlockwise direction surrounding the inner area of the polygon;
s32, defining an included angle between the next contour edge direction along the direction and the current contour edge direction as an included angle of a contour vertex;
s33, judging concave points and convex points and keeping framework sides meeting conditions as central line segments;
wherein, the conditions for judging the salient points are as follows: if the next contour edge turns left, the angle is positive, and the vertex is a convex point;
the conditions for judging the pits are as follows: if the next contour edge turns right, the angle is negative, and the vertex is a concave point;
the included angle between the two corresponding contour edges of the framework edge meeting the reserved condition is positive and is more than 90 degrees.
In the problem of extracting the central line of the building plan, the central line which can reflect the trend of the plan and is beautiful enough is needed, and concave vertexes and convex vertexes exist in the building plan, and such vertexes can form a large number of branches in the straight skeleton and do not meet the requirement of the central line, so the polygonal straight skeleton segments are screened according to the relation of two contour edges of each segment generated in the polygonal straight skeleton.
In the method for extracting the center line of the building or road plan based on the polygonal straight skeleton, in step S4, a vector list is maintained for each skeleton vertex to indicate the directions of all center lines connected with the skeleton vertex at the current moment, all the skeleton vertices are enumerated in a formed sequence, skeleton line segments with each skeleton vertex not on a contour edge being discarded are enumerated, and the discarded skeleton line segments are replaced.
In the above method for extracting the center line of the building or road plan based on the polygonal straight skeleton, if the input options are selected without requiring the polygonal line to be orthogonal, the original skeleton line segments are still used for connection; otherwise, the connection mode is determined according to the vector lists of the two end points of the edge.
In the above method for extracting the center line of the building or road plan based on the polygonal straight skeleton, if the vector list of the target point of the side is empty, each direction v in the vector list of the starting point and the direction vector base _ v of the side are calculated and scored, and the direction with the largest score is selected to be connected.
In the above method for extracting the center line of the building or road plan based on the polygonal straight skeleton, the calculation method for calculating the score is as follows:
if v is parallel or orthogonal to base _ v, the score is 1, and the original skeleton line segments are directly selected for connection; if the absolute value of the included angle of the two contour sides does not exceed 90 degrees, setting the cosine value of the included angle of the two contour sides as c, taking max (1-c 2, c 2/2) as a score, if the numerical value of 1-c2 is large, indicating that the two sides are deviated to be orthogonal, and directly extending v to the foot from a target point to v;
if the value of c2/2 is large, the two sides are biased to be in the same direction, and at the moment, the original skeleton line segments are directly selected for connection; if the absolute value of the included angle of the two sides exceeds 90 degrees, the score is recorded as c, and c is less than 0, and the two sides are directly connected by adopting the original skeleton line segment.
In the above method for extracting the center line of the building or road plan based on the polygonal straight skeleton, if the edge target vector list is not empty, scores are calculated for all combinations v0 and v1 of the vector lists of the two end points and base _ v respectively, and the direction with the largest score is selected for connection. The score calculation method comprises the following steps: making the sine and cosine of the included angles of v0, v1 and base _ v as c0, s0, c1 and s1 respectively, if c0 or c1 is close to 1, taking the score as 4, and directly selecting the original skeleton line segment for connection.
In the above method for extracting the center line of the building or road plan based on the polygonal straight skeleton, if an included angle with an absolute value greater than or equal to 90 degrees exists between the two, the perpendicular line of the corresponding vector can be used to replace the corresponding vector, so as to ensure that both c0 and c1 are greater than 0, but the corresponding score is halved;
if the signs of s0 and s1 are opposite, the midpoint of the original skeleton line segment can be directly taken as a point where the perpendicular line with the smaller cosine value intersects with the extension line of the other side, and the mark is the square of the cosine value of the included angle between v1 and v 0;
if the symbols of s0 and s1 are the same, the absolute value of the included angle between v0 and v1 is determined according to the included angle between v0 and v1, if the absolute value included angle between the s0 and the v1 exceeds 120 degrees, the included angle is recorded as ((2 c 02-1) 2+ (2 c 12-1) 2)/2, and the s0 and the s1 are correspondingly and directly connected by using the original skeleton line segment; otherwise, the extension lines of v0 and v1 can be directly intersected with one point to be connected, the corresponding score is 2sin2angle (v 0v 1), and after the current skeleton line segment is replaced, the vector list of the two end points is updated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the center line is corrected through the fragment connection algorithm of the polygonal straight framework, so that the extracted center line of the building is ensured to be higher in precision and more attractive, the operation efficiency and the stability of the operation result are effectively improved, the requirement of building design is met, and the method is suitable for extracting the center lines of various common building areas containing arc-shaped wall surfaces.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a polygon with the same edge in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a polygon with different edges in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a prior art centerline coincident with an edge of a wall;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a polygonal straight skeleton structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the direction of a defined contour edge in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method in the present invention;
in the figure: polygonal straight skeleton 1, outline side 11, outline vertex 12, skeleton side 13, skeleton vertex 14, outline bisector 15 and internal bisector 16.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 4-6, a method for extracting a centerline of a building or road plan based on a polygonal straight skeleton includes the following steps:
s1, inputting building plan data;
s2, processing the polygonal straight framework 1 on the building plan data;
s3, screening center line segments of the polygonal straight framework 1;
and S4, traversing the screened polygonal straight frameworks 1, replacing the sides of each discarded polygonal straight framework 1 by broken lines, and connecting the central line segments of all the polygonal straight frameworks 1 into a complete polygonal straight framework 1 picture.
When the polygonal straight framework 1 is used for processing building plan data, classification processing is carried out according to planes and cambered surfaces of walls in the building plan data, screening of center line segments is carried out according to the relation of two adjacent contour edges 11, and the replacement of the sides of the polygonal straight framework 1 obtains an optimal replacement mode through a calculation bisection mode, so that the accuracy of connection of the center line segments is ensured.
In step S1, the input building plan data is represented by a simple polygon with holes, and for an arc-shaped wall surface, a broken line is obtained by sampling on an arc line, and an orthogonal broken line or a smooth broken line selected when connecting the center lines is controlled by a switch option. And selecting according to the actual situation of the building plan data, so that the building plan data is more in line with the actual situation.
In step S2, the straight polygonal skeleton 1 continuously translates the straight line where each side is located inward at the same speed along the normal direction, and when the sides are split into two sections when the non-adjacent contour sides 11 collide with each other, the connection order of the polygon contour sides 11 on the two sides is changed and skeleton vertices 14 are generated until all the contour sides 11 are extruded to have a length of 0, and the motion trajectories of the endpoints of all the sides obtained in the above process are the straight polygonal skeleton 1.
Wherein, the simple multi-deformation circumferential edge is a contour edge 11;
the simple multi-deformed upper vertex is the contour vertex 12;
the side formed by the sides of the simple polygon and the angular bisector of the side is a framework side 13;
the point formed by intersecting the sides of the fixed frame is the top point 14 of the framework;
the angular bisector of two adjacent contour vertexes 12 is a contour bisector 15;
a connecting line formed by points which are positioned in the simple polygon and are used for connecting the contour bisector 15 is an internal bisector 16;
the inner bisector 16 and the contour bisector 15 constitute the aforementioned skeleton edge 13.
As shown in fig. 5, in step S3, in the process of screening the centerline segment, the polygonal straight skeleton 1 is screened according to the relationship between two contour edges 11 of each line segment generated in the polygonal straight skeleton 1; the detailed steps are as follows:
s31, defining the direction of the contour edge 11 as a counterclockwise direction surrounding the inner area of the polygon;
s32, defining an included angle between the direction of the next contour edge 11 along the direction and the direction of the current contour edge 11 as an included angle of a contour vertex 12;
s33, judging concave points and convex points and keeping the framework edge 13 meeting the conditions as a central line segment;
wherein, the conditions for judging the salient points are as follows: if the next contour edge 11 turns left, the angle is positive, and the vertex is a convex point;
the conditions for judging the pits are as follows: if the next contour edge 11 turns to the right, the angle is negative, and the vertex is a concave point;
the skeleton edge 13 meeting the reservation condition is the included angle between the two corresponding contour edges 11 which is positive and larger than 90 degrees.
In the problem of extracting the central line of the building plane graph, the central line which can reflect the trend of the plane graph and is beautiful enough is needed, while the building plane graph has concave vertexes and convex vertexes with larger angles, and such vertexes can form a large number of branches in the polygonal straight framework 1 and do not meet the requirement of the central line, so that the straight framework segments are screened according to the relation of two contour edges of each line segment generated in the polygonal straight framework, and the concave vertexes and the convex vertexes are avoided.
In step S4, a vector list is maintained for each skeleton vertex 14 to indicate directions of all center lines connected to the skeleton vertex 14 at the current time, all skeleton vertices 14 are enumerated in a formed order, skeleton line segments discarded by each skeleton vertex 14 that is not on the contour edge 11 are enumerated, and the discarded skeleton line segments are replaced.
If the input options do not require the fold line to be orthogonal, the original skeleton line segments are still used for connection; otherwise, the connection mode is determined according to the vector lists of the two end points of the edge.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
If the target point vector list of the side is empty, calculating and scoring each direction v in the vector list of the starting point and the direction vector base _ v of the side, and selecting the direction with the largest score to connect.
The calculation method for calculating the score comprises the following steps:
if v is parallel or orthogonal to base _ v, the score is 1, and the original skeleton line segments are directly selected for connection; if the absolute value of the included angle of the two contour sides 11 is not more than 90 degrees, setting the cosine value of the included angle of the two sides as c, taking max (1-c 2, c 2/2) as a score, and if the numerical value of 1-c2 is large, indicating that the two sides are inclined to be orthogonal, and directly extending v to the foot from the target point to v;
if the value of c2/2 is large, the two sides are biased to be in the same direction, and at the moment, the original skeleton line segment is directly selected for connection; if the absolute value of the included angle of the two sides exceeds 90 degrees, the score is recorded as c, and c is less than 0, and the original skeleton line segments are directly adopted for connection.
When the two sides are deviated to the same direction, if the perpendicular line from the target point to v is made to be too large different from the original side, the attractiveness of the center line is influenced, and therefore the original skeleton line segment is directly selected for connection; if the absolute value of the angle between the two sides exceeds 90 degrees, a perfect joining method cannot be obtained regardless of the deviation, and therefore the score is c.
Detailed description of the invention
If the edge target vector list is not empty, scores are respectively calculated for all combinations v0 and v1 of the vector lists of the two end points and base _ v, and the direction with the largest score is selected for connection.
The calculation method of the score comprises the following steps: making the sine and cosine of the included angles of v0, v1 and base _ v as c0, s0, c1 and s1 respectively, if c0 or c1 is close to 1, taking the score as 4, and directly selecting the original skeleton line segment for connection.
If an included angle with an absolute value larger than or equal to 90 degrees exists between the two, a perpendicular line of the corresponding vector can be used for replacing the corresponding vector, so that both c0 and c1 are ensured to be larger than 0, but the corresponding score is halved;
if the signs of s0 and s1 are opposite, the midpoint of the original skeleton line segment can be directly taken as the intersection point of the perpendicular line with the smaller cosine value and the extension line of the other side, and the intersection point is recorded as the square of the cosine value of the included angle between v1 and v 0;
if the symbols of s0 and s1 are the same, determining the included angle between v0 and v1, and if the included angle between the absolute values of the two exceeds 120 degrees, recording the included angle as ((2 c 02-1) 2+ (2 c 12-1) 2)/2, and correspondingly and directly connecting by using the original skeleton line segment; otherwise, the extension lines of v0 and v1 can be directly intersected at one point to be connected, the corresponding score is 2sin2angle (v 0v 1), and after the current skeleton line segment is replaced, the vector lists of the two end points are updated.
The option of whether orthogonal turning is preferred or not can be applied to any one area in the graph, so that the centerline extraction effect is better for the architectural graph with both the orthogonal area and the arc-shaped area.
In summary, the principle of the present embodiment is: the method comprises the steps of inputting graphic data of a building, processing by using a polygonal straight skeleton, screening center line segments of the polygonal straight skeleton, screening by using the relation of outline edges 11 in the screening process, enumerating skeleton vertexes 14 and abandoned skeleton line segments after screening is finished, replacing the abandoned skeleton line segments by calculating and grading after enumeration is finished, and connecting the replaced skeleton line segments to form the polygonal straight skeleton graph.
The method considers that two side walls are inwards extruded at the same speed to obtain a track of a wall line segment intersection point, and then the track line segment is screened and replaced after calculation and scoring according to the shape distribution characteristics of the walls on the two sides of the track, so that a central line which has an attractive turning point and meets the requirement of building design better is obtained, the trend of a plane diagram can be reflected, and meanwhile, points on the central line can cover the whole polygon with the radius as small as possible.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments, or alternatives may be employed, by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A building or road plan center line extraction method based on a polygonal straight framework is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, inputting building plan data;
s2, processing the polygonal straight framework (1) on the building plan data;
s3, screening center line segments of the polygonal straight framework (1);
s4, traversing the screened polygonal straight frameworks (1), replacing the edge of each discarded polygonal straight framework (1) by a broken line, and connecting the central line segments of all the polygonal straight frameworks (1) into a complete polygonal straight framework (1) graph.
2. The method for extracting the central line of the building or road plan based on the polygonal straight skeleton as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the inputted building plan data is represented by a simple polygon with holes, for the arc wall, the sampling is performed on the arc line to obtain the polygonal line, and the orthogonal polygonal line or the smooth polygonal line selected when the central line is connected is controlled by a switch option.
3. The method for extracting the center line of the building or road plan view based on the polygonal straight skeleton according to claim 2, wherein in step S2, the polygonal straight skeleton (1) continuously translates the straight line where each side is located along the normal direction at the same speed, when the non-adjacent contour sides (11) collide, the connecting sequence of the polygonal contour sides (11) at two sides is changed and skeleton vertices (14) are generated when the sides are split into two sections, until all the contour sides (11) are extruded to have the length of 0, and the motion trajectories of the end points of all the sides obtained in the above process are the polygonal straight skeleton (1).
Wherein the simple and multi-deformation circumferential edge is a contour edge (11);
the vertex on the simple multi-deformation is a contour vertex (12);
the side formed by the sides of the simple polygon and the angular bisector of the side is a framework side (13);
the point formed by intersecting the sides of the fixed frame is the top point (14) of the framework;
the angular bisector of two adjacent contour vertexes (12) is a contour bisector (15);
a connecting line which is positioned in the simple polygon and is formed by points used for connecting the contour bisector (15) is an internal bisector (16);
the inner bisector (16) and the outline bisector (15) form the framework edge (13).
4. The method for extracting centerline of building or road plan based on polygonal straight skeleton according to claim 3, wherein in step S3, in the process of screening centerline segment, the polygonal straight skeleton (1) is screened according to the relationship of two contour edges (11) of each line segment generated in the polygonal straight skeleton (1); the detailed steps are as follows:
s31, defining the direction of the contour edge (11) as a counterclockwise direction surrounding the inner area of the polygon;
s32, defining an included angle between the direction of the next contour edge (11) along the direction and the direction of the current contour edge (11) as an included angle of a contour vertex (12);
s33, judging concave points and convex points and keeping the framework edge (13) meeting the conditions as a central line segment;
wherein, the conditions for judging the salient points are as follows: if the next contour edge (11) turns left, the angle is positive, and the vertex is a convex point;
the conditions for judging the pits are as follows: if the next contour edge (11) turns to the right, the angle is negative, and the vertex is a concave point;
the skeleton edge (13) meeting the reservation condition is the included angle between the two corresponding outline edges (11) which is positive and larger than 90 degrees.
5. The method for extracting the centerline of the building or road plan based on the polygonal straight skeleton as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S4, a vector list is maintained for each skeleton vertex (14) to indicate the directions of all centerlines already connected to the skeleton vertex (14) at the current time, all skeleton vertices (14) are enumerated in the order of formation, skeleton line segments discarded by each skeleton vertex (14) not on the contour edge (11) are enumerated, and the discarded skeleton line segments are replaced.
6. The method for extracting the center line of the building or road plan based on the polygonal straight skeleton as claimed in claim 5, wherein if the input options are selected not to require the polygonal lines to be orthogonal, the original skeleton line segments are still used for connection; otherwise, the connection mode is determined according to the vector lists of the two end points of the edge.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein if the vector list of the target points on the side is empty, calculating and scoring each direction v in the vector list of the starting point and the direction vector base _ v of the side, and selecting the direction with the largest score to connect.
8. The method for extracting the center line of the building or road plane map based on the polygonal straight skeleton as claimed in claim 7, wherein the calculating method for calculating the score is as follows:
if v is parallel or orthogonal to base _ v, the score is 1, and the original skeleton line segments are directly selected for connection; if the absolute value of the included angle of the two contour edges (11) does not exceed 90 degrees, setting the cosine value of the included angle of the two edges as c, taking max (1-c 2, c 2/2) as a score, and if the numerical value of 1-c2 is large, indicating that the two edges are inclined to be orthogonal, and directly extending v to the foot hanging from the target point to v;
if the value of c2/2 is large, the two sides are biased to be in the same direction, and at the moment, the original skeleton line segment is directly selected for connection; if the absolute value of the included angle of the two sides exceeds 90 degrees, the score is recorded as c, and c is less than 0, and the original skeleton line segments are directly adopted for connection.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein if the edge target vector list is not empty, scores are calculated for all combinations v0 and v1 of the two-endpoint vector lists and base _ v respectively, and the direction with the largest score is selected for connection. The score calculation method comprises the following steps: and (3) respectively setting the sine and cosine of included angles between v0, v1 and base _ v as c0, s0, c1 and s1, and if c0 or c1 is close to 1, taking the score as 4, and directly selecting the original skeleton line segments for connection.
10. The method for extracting centerline of building or road plan based on polygonal straight skeleton of claim 9, wherein if there is an included angle with absolute value greater than or equal to 90 degrees, the corresponding vector can be replaced by the perpendicular line of the corresponding vector, ensuring that both c0 and c1 are greater than 0, but the corresponding score is halved;
if the signs of s0 and s1 are opposite, the midpoint of the original skeleton line segment can be directly taken as a point where the perpendicular line with the smaller cosine value intersects with the extension line of the other side, and the mark is the square of the cosine value of the included angle between v1 and v 0;
if the symbols of s0 and s1 are the same, determining the included angle between v0 and v1, and if the included angle between the absolute values of the two exceeds 120 degrees, recording the included angle as ((2 c 02-1) 2+ (2 c 12-1) 2)/2, and correspondingly and directly connecting by using the original skeleton line segment; otherwise, the extension lines of v0 and v1 can be directly intersected at one point to be connected, the corresponding score is 2sin2angle (v 0v 1), and after the current skeleton line segment is replaced, the vector lists of the two end points are updated.
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