CN115575955B - ISAR rotation compensation rapid focusing method based on broadband deskew - Google Patents

ISAR rotation compensation rapid focusing method based on broadband deskew Download PDF

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CN115575955B
CN115575955B CN202211433732.0A CN202211433732A CN115575955B CN 115575955 B CN115575955 B CN 115575955B CN 202211433732 A CN202211433732 A CN 202211433732A CN 115575955 B CN115575955 B CN 115575955B
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CN115575955A (en
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马亮
周伟光
张利强
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Nanjing Tianlang Defense Technology Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/904—SAR modes
    • G01S13/9064—Inverse SAR [ISAR]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section

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  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to an ISAR rotation compensation fast focusing method based on broadband declivity, which is characterized in that firstly, an inverse synthetic aperture radar ISAR is adopted for imaging a target to obtain echo data of the target; compensating the translation of the target relative to the reference point, performing inverse Fourier transform on the echo data, performing circular displacement, then realizing Z transform processing of linear frequency modulation, correcting distance migration caused by rotation, and further focusing the target.

Description

ISAR rotation compensation rapid focusing method based on broadband deskew
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radar data processing, in particular to an ISAR rotation compensation rapid focusing method based on broadband deskew.
Background
The radar is an advanced detection tool and has the capability of acquiring target information all day long, all weather and long distance. With the development of science and technology, the modern radar can not only detect, locate, track and estimate parameters of targets, but also image airplanes, ships, space targets, earth surfaces and ground moving targets, complete the identification, classification and feature extraction of the targets, complete the functions of remote sensing and remote measuring and the like, and has wide application fields, such as topographic mapping, resource census, celestial body observation, battlefield perception and the like. Therefore, radar imaging has been widely used in military and civilian applications.
The inverse synthetic aperture radar ISAR is a high-resolution imaging radar, which utilizes the relative motion between the radar and the target and the information processing technology to obtain a huge equivalent antenna aperture, thereby greatly improving the angular resolution of the radar. And the distance resolution is greatly improved by assisting with the pulse compression technology. In this case, a high-resolution two-dimensional image of the target can be obtained at a long range, and an important means is provided for all-weather long-range target recognition.
ISAR images a non-cooperative target, and relative motion of the target and the radar can be decomposed into translation of a reference point on the target relative to the radar and rotation of the target around the reference point, wherein a rotation component is a basis for obtaining high resolution of azimuth, and the translation component is useless for imaging and requires translation compensation. The translational compensation can eliminate inter-frame wobble due to measurement errors, but it cannot eliminate range migration due to rotation.
Only a rotation component of the target is left after translational compensation, the scattering point moves in the distance direction and the azimuth direction in the rotating process of the target, and if the moving distance of the scattering point exceeds the distance resolution ratio in the whole accumulated rotating time, the moving of the over-distance unit is called to occur, and the moving is also called as range migration. As shown in fig. 1, the range migration causes defocusing of the target after imaging, and cannot meet the imaging requirements.
Under the condition of a small rotation angle, the range-Doppler method after translational motion compensation can basically meet the imaging requirement; however, under the condition of a large rotation angle, the correction of the distance-crossing walking of the equivalent rotating target does not break through the bottleneck, and the requirement on subsequent target identification cannot be met. Therefore, the research on the rotation compensation algorithm is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the application aims to provide a fast calculation method based on broadband deskew ISAR rotation compensation, the method is fast in calculation speed and convenient for engineering realization, and data support is provided for subsequent target identification.
In order to achieve the above effects, the present application provides the following technical solutions: an ISAR rotation compensation fast focusing method based on broadband deskew comprises the following steps:
step 1: imaging a target by adopting an inverse synthetic aperture radar to obtain first echo data of the target;
step 2: performing broadband deskewing and translational compensation on the first echo data to obtain second echo data;
and step 3: performing inverse Fourier transform on the second echo data to obtain a first sequence;
and 4, step 4: expanding the first sequence to obtain an expanded sequence;
and 5: determining a second sequence based on the Z-transformed basis and the number of pulses;
step 6: performing circular displacement on the second sequence to obtain a circular displacement sequence;
and 7: respectively carrying out Fourier transform on the extended and circular shift sequences to obtain a third sequence and a fourth sequence;
and step 8: performing inverse Fourier transform on the product of the third sequence and the fourth sequence to obtain a fifth sequence;
and step 9: and performing Z conversion on the fifth sequence to obtain a rotation compensation result, and performing rapid focusing on the target according to the rotation compensation result.
As a preferred technical solution, the step 4 further includes:
step 41: setting the base of the Z transformation
Figure 706803DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
；
Step 42: determining a positive integer
Figure 737207DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Wherein, in the process,
Figure 209777DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
and is provided with
Figure 57647DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Is an integer power of 2 and is,
Figure 982878DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is the number of pulses;
step 43: the first sequence is
Figure 941607DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Expansion is carried out to obtain an expansion sequence
Figure 3103DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
。
As a preferred technical solution, in the step 43, the expansion sequence is determined according to the following formula:
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
wherein,
Figure 880930DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
represents an extended sequence of
Figure 293456DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
The data of one pulse is transmitted to the receiver,
Figure 55876DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
represents the first sequence
Figure 237459DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Data of each pulse, n represents the number of n-th pulses.
As a preferred technical solution, in the step 5, the second sequence is determined according to the following formula:
Figure 161552DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
wherein,
Figure 61375DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
representing the second sequence.
As a preferable technical solution, the step 6 further comprises:
for the second sequence according to the following formula
Figure 361907DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
To proceed with
Figure 663575DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Sub-circle displacement to obtain circle displacement sequence
Figure 144190DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
；
Figure 265730DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Wherein,
Figure 635531DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
representing sequences of circular shifts
Figure 260548DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
To (1) a
Figure 57602DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Data of one pulse.
As a preferred technical solution, in the step 8, the fifth sequence is determined according to the following formula:
Figure 400859DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
wherein,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
represents a fifth sequence
Figure 433406DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
First, the
Figure 178508DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
The data of one pulse is transmitted to the receiver,
Figure 146464DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
it is shown that the third sequence is,
Figure 977017DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
the fourth sequence is denoted IFFT (×) represents the inverse fourier transform.
As a preferred technical solution, in the step 9, Z-transforming the fifth sequence specifically includes:
Figure 688621DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
wherein,
Figure 288229DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
is the result of the rotation compensation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the ISAR rotation compensation rapid focusing method provided by the invention provides good technical support for the field of rotation compensation of ISAR imaging, and improves the problem that the target defocuses due to distance migration caused by rotation in the current ISAR imaging; the method provides an improved idea of circular displacement, and effectively solves the problem of target range migration compensation failure with negative Doppler caused by rotation compensation; meanwhile, by means of Z transformation of linear frequency modulation, a fast calculation method is provided for engineering implementation, and more effective data support is provided for subsequent identification.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of range migration and target defocusing due to rotation;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the results of translational compensation pulse pressure;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the result of inverse Fourier transform of the translational compensated pulse pressure;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the rotation compensation result of the present embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the results of pulse pressures corresponding to the translational compensation front wing;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the pulse pressure results corresponding to the front wing of the rotation compensation method of this embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a translational compensated range-Doppler plot;
FIG. 8 is a rotation-compensated range-Doppler plot for the present embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a range-Doppler plot corresponding to a translation-compensated front wing;
FIG. 10 is a range-Doppler diagram corresponding to the rotation-compensated front wing of the present embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a comparison graph of results of the rotation compensation without circular displacement according to the present embodiment;
figure 12 is a comparison graph of distance versus doppler without circular shift and with the rotation compensation of this embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to further clarify the advantages and technical path of the present invention, a specific embodiment and drawings are given below.
The method is based on broadband deskew echo, inverse Fourier transform is carried out on echo data on the basis of translation compensation, linear frequency modulation Z transform processing is achieved after circular displacement is carried out, and distance migration caused by rotation is corrected, so that a target is focused. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
assuming the echo data after translational compensation as
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
Dimension of being
Figure 36874DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
，
Figure 620302DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Is the number of pulses,
Figure 604438DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
is the number of range gates, the sampling rate is
Figure 589712DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Then the sampling time interval is
Figure 633891DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
. Distance center based on broadband deskew as
Figure 439036DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
In meters.
Step S1: echo data after compensating translation
Figure 492443DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
Performing inverse Fourier transform (IFFT) in a distance dimension to obtain a first sequence
Figure 191277DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
(ii) a The specific transformation formula is as follows:
Figure 671937DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
where IFFT (×) represents an inverse fourier transform.
Step S2: get the
Figure 698799DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
Wherein,
Figure 555897DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
is a basis for the Z-transform,
Figure 984604DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
is the carrier frequency, and is,
Figure 636165DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
in order to be the slope of the frequency modulation,
Figure 415902DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
is equal to bandwidth
Figure 811112DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
And pulse width
Figure 468227DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
The ratio of the first to the second,
Figure 290689DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
is the time relative to the center of the deskew distance, i.e.
Figure 557723DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
The window opening distance is
Figure 491044DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
The unit of which is meter,
Figure 894343DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
is the speed of light, i.e.
Figure 887707DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
M/s.
And step S3: determining a positive integer
Figure 642036DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
L satisfies
Figure 238103DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
And is
Figure 761488DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Is an integer power of 2.
And step S4: will be provided with
Figure 925753DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
Is expanded into
Figure 636220DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Extended sequence of points
Figure 176923DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The insufficient part is filled with zero.
Figure 554815DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
，
Wherein,
Figure 889981DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
representing a first sequence
Figure 228689DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
First, the
Figure 307504DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Data of each pulse;
Figure 539902DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
representing extended sequences
Figure 45970DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
First, the
Figure 996608DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Data of one pulse.
Step S5: generating
Figure 879114DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Second sequence of spots
Figure 966018DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
：
Figure 908567DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
。
Step S6: for the second sequence
Figure 205556DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
To carry out
Figure 360594DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
Circular shift to obtain circular shift sequence
Figure 833163DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
It should be noted that this step is critical and directly affects the final compensation effect:
Figure 415454DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
wherein,
Figure 340685DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
representing sequences of circular shifts
Figure 299414DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
To (1) a
Figure 626490DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Data of one pulse.
Step S7: for extended sequence
Figure 19163DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
And circle shift sequence
Figure 166110DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Dimension of pulse
Figure 928530DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Point Fourier transform FFT to obtain a third sequence
Figure 844533DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
And a fourth sequence
Figure 299785DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
：
Figure 934029DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
。
Step S8: finding a third sequence
Figure 500140DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
And a fourth sequence
Figure 395283DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Pre-inverse Fourier transform of product
Figure 21437DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Dot to obtain a fifth sequence
Figure 142977DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
；
Figure 981620DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
，
Wherein,
Figure 137794DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
represents a fifth sequence
Figure 669270DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
First, the
Figure 278106DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Data of one pulse.
Step S9: to pair
Figure 61385DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
Carrying out inverse Z transformation;
Figure 72066DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
，
wherein,
Figure 774443DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
is the result of the rotation compensation.
This embodiment is a specific embodiment as follows:
the experimental data for this example are as follows: the carrier frequency is 16GHz, the pulse number is 128, the pulse repetition period is 100 mus, the pulse width is 10 mus, the bandwidth is 1GHz, after the broadband is deskewed, the down-sampling is 40MHz, the windowing center is 10km, the window length is 1600m, and the number of distance gates is 427. The translation compensation results are shown in fig. 2.
After the processing of step S1, the translational compensation is inverse fourier transformed in the distance dimension, and the result is shown in fig. 3.
After the processing of steps S2 to S9, the rotation compensation result of the present embodiment is obtained, as shown in fig. 4.
By comparing fig. 2 and fig. 4, it can be seen that after translational compensation, distance migration occurs at many positions due to rotation, and after the distance migration is corrected by the method provided by the application.
Fig. 5 and 6 show the pulse pressure results corresponding to the translational compensation and the rotational compensation front wing of the present embodiment, respectively. By contrast, it can be seen more clearly that the range migration due to the rotation achieves a correction under the method of the present embodiment.
Fig. 7 and 8 are respectively a range-doppler plot after translational compensation and rotational compensation of the present embodiment. As can be seen, due to the range migration, targets of the front wing and the tail wing after translational compensation are defocused to form a large oblique line, imaging is not ideal, and better data support cannot be provided for subsequent identification; after the rotation compensation method of the embodiment, the range migration phenomenon is corrected, the target has no defocusing phenomenon, and the targets are all focused to isolated strong points.
Fig. 9 and 10 are distance-doppler plots corresponding to the front wing after translational compensation and rotational compensation according to the embodiment, respectively. By contrast of the enlarged details, it is more clearly seen that, after the rotation compensation method of the present embodiment, the large oblique line of the front wing defocusing is corrected to be an isolated strong point, i.e. the target focusing, and provides better data support for the subsequent target identification.
The significance of the circular shift operation of step 6 will be explained below.
FIG. 11 is a comparison graph of the non-circular displacement and the rotation compensation of the present embodiment. It can be seen that many targets have incorrect range migration correction and even greater ambulation without rotational compensation by circular shift operations.
Figure 12 is a comparison graph of distance versus doppler without circular shift and with the rotation compensation of this embodiment. It can be seen that the rotation compensation without circular displacement operation cannot compensate the range migration of the target with negative doppler, but leads to more serious range migration of the target and more obvious defocusing of the target; the processing method provided by the application avoids the problem and can provide good data support for imaging and identification.
The application provides a method for rapidly calculating ISAR rotation compensation based on broadband deskew aiming at target defocusing caused by range migration caused by ISAR rotation. The method provides good technical support for the rotation compensation field of ISAR imaging, and improves the dilemma that the distance migration caused by rotation causes target defocusing in the current ISAR imaging. The method provides an improved idea of circular displacement, and effectively solves the problem of target range migration compensation failure with negative Doppler caused by rotation compensation. The method provides a quick calculation method for engineering realization by means of Z transformation of linear frequency modulation, and provides more effective data support for subsequent identification.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. An ISAR rotation compensation fast focusing method based on broadband deskew is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: imaging a target by adopting an inverse synthetic aperture radar to obtain first echo data of the target;
step 2: performing broadband deskewing and translational compensation on the first echo data to obtain second echo data;
and step 3: performing inverse Fourier transform on the second echo data to obtain a first sequence;
and 4, step 4: expanding the first sequence to obtain an expanded sequence;
and 5: determining a second sequence based on the Z-transformed basis and the number of pulses;
and 6: performing circular displacement on the second sequence to obtain a circular displacement sequence;
and 7: respectively carrying out Fourier transform on the extended and circular shift sequences to obtain a third sequence and a fourth sequence;
and 8: performing inverse Fourier transform on the product of the third sequence and the fourth sequence to obtain a fifth sequence;
and step 9: and performing Z conversion on the fifth sequence to obtain a rotation compensation result, and performing rapid focusing on the target according to the rotation compensation result.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step 4 further comprises:
step 41: setting the base of the Z transformation
Figure 711945DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
；
Step 42: determining a positive integer
Figure 157970DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Wherein
Figure 23158DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
and is
Figure 896436DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Is an integer power of 2 and is,
Figure 479864DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is the number of pulses;
step 43: the first sequence is
Figure 837902DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Expansion is carried out to obtain an expansion sequence
Figure 557596DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
。
3. The method of ISAR rotation compensated fast focusing based on wideband deskew according to claim 2, wherein in step 43 the expansion sequence is determined according to the following equation:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
wherein,
Figure 601775DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
represents an extended sequence of
Figure 672499DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
The data of one pulse is transmitted to the receiver,
Figure 460327DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
represents the first sequence
Figure 300107DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Data of each pulse, n represents the number of n-th pulses.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 5, the second sequence is determined according to the following formula:
Figure 639821DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
wherein,
Figure 666683DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
representing the second sequence.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step 6 further comprises:
for the second sequence according to the following formula
Figure 523781DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
To proceed with
Figure 952488DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Sub-circle displacement to obtain circle displacement sequence
Figure 604049DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
；
Figure 383786DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Wherein,
Figure 778996DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
representing sequences of circular shifts
Figure 937576DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
To (1) a
Figure 25617DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Data of one pulse.
6. The wide-band deskew-based ISAR rotation compensated fast focusing method of claim 1 wherein in step 8, the fifth sequence is determined according to the following equation:
Figure 27072DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
wherein,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
represents a fifth sequence
Figure 694813DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
First, the
Figure 363692DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
The data of one pulse is transmitted to the receiver,
Figure 357056DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
it is shown that the third sequence is,
Figure 704861DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
the fourth sequence is denoted IFFT (×) denotes an inverse fourier transform.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 9, Z-transforming the fifth sequence specifically comprises:
Figure 707452DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
wherein,
Figure 965258DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
is the result of the rotation compensation.
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