CN115566645A - Adaptive adjustment microcontroller, solid state power controller and protection method - Google Patents
Adaptive adjustment microcontroller, solid state power controller and protection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115566645A CN115566645A CN202211405338.6A CN202211405338A CN115566645A CN 115566645 A CN115566645 A CN 115566645A CN 202211405338 A CN202211405338 A CN 202211405338A CN 115566645 A CN115566645 A CN 115566645A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for electronic equipment
- H02H7/205—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for electronic equipment for controlled semi-conductors which are not included in a specific circuit arrangement
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aviation power distribution, and relates to a self-adaptive adjustment microcontroller, a solid-state power controller and a protection method, wherein the microcontroller stores load working current information acquired in real time through a storage unit to form historical data; by arranging the data analysis and processing unit, the data analysis and processing unit is used for analyzing and processing historical data to fit a power-on curve and a steady-state curve, so that load overload protection parameters and load short-circuit protection parameters are obtained, and I is further adjusted according to the obtained load overload protection parameters 2 A T protection curve; the I of the solid-state power controller can be automatically adjusted according to different load characteristics by matching with the current acquisition unit, the drive control and protection unit and the power unit 2 T-protection curve parameter and short-circuit protection thresholdThe device can better adapt to the electrical load characteristics of the post-stage equipment, avoid complex adjustment and maintenance work, and improve the adaptability and guarantee efficiency of the whole power distribution system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aviation power distribution, and particularly relates to a microcontroller, a solid-state power controller and a protection method.
Background
The Solid State Power Controller (SSPC) is a contactless switch component composed of semiconductor devices, which integrates various protection, state indication and reset functions into a whole and has the capability of controlling Power on-off, and is an intelligent switch component integrating the switching function of a relay and the circuit protection function of a circuit breaker into a whole, thereby realizing the development of the circuit breaker from a contact form to a Solid form, being widely applied to the field of aviation Power distribution, being capable of controlling the on-off of a direct current/alternating current load, having the functions of overcurrent and short-circuit protection, and being used for replacing the conventional relay, contactor, circuit breaker, fuse and the like to realize the on-off control of load Power supply and feeder protection.
The typical realization mode of the solid-state power controller is that the controller software is combined with load current detection to realize the real-time detection of the current of a power supply line of a rear-stage electric device, and the current is solidified in the controller according to the I of the current 2 And the T protection curve algorithm realizes overload and short-circuit protection of the line.
However, in the actual use process, due to the wide variety of the rear-stage electric devices, the electric characteristic curves of the electric devices are different, and many electric device manufacturers cannot even provide the electric characteristic curves of their own devices. Selection of rated current specification in solid state power controller, I 2 The T-protection curve parameter setting and the like cannot be tailored, and the general practice is to set the I of the specified current multiple according to the specification of the power supply line 2 T protection curve. In the actual use process, the phenomena of error protection and no protection often occur due to the difference of the instantaneous current characteristics of the electric equipment, and technicians are required to adjust software for many times, even the circuit is improved. In the case of a complete machine, particularly a large aircraft, many thousands of circuits of electrical equipment and a plurality of suppliers are often used, so that the work becomes huge, tedious, time-consuming and labor-consuming.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a self-adaptive adjusting microcontroller, a solid-state power controller and a protection method, and aims to realize automatic adjustment of I of the solid-state power controller 2 T protection curve parameters and short-circuit protection threshold values are used for better adapting to the electrical load characteristics of the post-stage equipment, so that complicated adjustment and maintenance work is avoided, and the adaptability and the guarantee efficiency of the whole power distribution system are improved.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a microcontroller with a self-adaptive adjustment protection curve, which comprises:
an instruction analysis unit: the system is used for receiving and analyzing a control instruction of the upper computer;
an interface unit: the load current monitoring system is used for collecting load working current information in real time;
a first storage unit: the load working current information acquisition module is used for acquiring load working current information in real time;
I 2 a T protection unit: for according to embedded I 2 A T protection curve, which generates a turn-off control instruction under the condition that the load working current information is overloaded;
the data analysis and processing unit: the device is used for reading historical data of load working current information stored in the storage unit, preprocessing the historical data, and fitting a power-on curve and a steady-state curve according to the processed historical data; obtaining a load short-circuit protection parameter and a load overload protection parameter according to the power-on curve and the steady-state curve;
a second storage unit: the data analysis and processing unit is used for storing the load short-circuit protection parameters and the load overload protection parameters obtained by the data analysis and processing unit;
a parameter configuration unit: for reading the overload protection parameter in the second storage unit and adjusting I according to the obtained overload protection parameter 2 A T protection curve; reading and outputting the short-circuit protection parameter in the second storage unit;
an output unit: control instruction and I for output instruction parsing unit 2 T control instruction of protection unit.
The invention also provides a solid state power controller with a self-adaptive adjustment of a protection curve, comprising the microcontroller as claimed in claim; further comprising:
the input end of the current acquisition unit is used for being connected with a load power distribution bus, and the output end of the current acquisition unit is connected with the input end of an interface unit of the microcontroller;
the driving control and protection unit is provided with a first input end, a second input end, a third input end and an output end;
the driving control and protection unit is connected with the output end of the current acquisition unit through a first input end and is used for acquiring load working current information;
the driving control and protection unit is connected with the parameter configuration unit of the microcontroller through a second input end and is used for acquiring load short-circuit protection parameters;
the driving control and protection unit is connected with the output end of the microcontroller through a third input end and is used for acquiring a control instruction output by the microcontroller;
the output end of the drive control and protection unit is connected with the input end of the power unit and is used for generating corresponding switching signals according to the received load working current information, the load short-circuit protection parameters and the control instruction output by the microcontroller;
and the power unit is connected with the output end of the drive control and protection unit and is used for controlling the on-off of the load power distribution channel according to the corresponding switch signal.
The invention also provides a method for short circuit and overload protection by using the solid-state power controller, which comprises the following steps:
receiving and analyzing a control instruction of the upper computer, and opening a load power supply channel;
collecting load working current information in real time;
storing the load working current information collected in real time;
reading historical data of load working current information, and preprocessing the historical data of the load working current information;
fitting a power-on curve and a steady-state curve according to the processed load working current historical data; obtaining a load short-circuit protection parameter and a load overload protection parameter according to the power-on curve and the steady-state curve;
storing the load short-circuit protection parameter and the load overload protection parameter;
reading the overload protection parameters of the load, and adjusting I according to the obtained overload protection parameters of the load 2 A T protection curve; according to adjusted I 2 Overload protection is carried out on the T protection curve;
and reading the short-circuit protection parameters, and performing short-circuit protection according to the load short-circuit protection parameters.
Compared with the related art, the self-adaptive adjustment microcontroller, the solid-state power controller and the protection method provided by the invention at least realize the following beneficial effects:
1. the microcontroller with the self-adaptive adjustment protection curve stores load working current information acquired in real time through the storage unit to form historical data; by arranging the data analysis and processing unit, the data analysis and processing unit is used for analyzing and processing historical data to fit a power-on curve and a steady-state curve so as to obtain load overload protection parameters and load short-circuit protection parameters, the load short-circuit protection parameters are output, and I is further adjusted according to the obtained load overload protection parameters 2 A T protection curve; the biggest difference between the present invention and the related art is that the real electrical characteristic curve can be measured for the load, and the I can be adjusted according to the real electrical characteristic curve 2 T protection curve and load short circuit protection parameter, therefore, compared with the related technology, it has the characteristic of accurate protection; in addition, the micro-control not only fits a steady-state curve but also fits a power-on curve, so that the phenomena of error protection and no protection caused by the difference of instantaneous current characteristics of the electric equipment can be avoided.
2. The solid-state power controller adopts the microcontroller with the protection curve self-adaptive adjustment function and is matched with the current acquisition unit and the driverThe dynamic control and protection unit and the power unit can automatically adjust the I of the solid-state power controller according to different load characteristics 2 T protection curve parameters and short-circuit protection threshold values are used for better adapting to the electrical load characteristics of the post-stage equipment, avoiding complex adjustment and maintenance work and improving the adaptability and the guarantee efficiency of the whole machine power distribution system.
3. According to the invention, the first current acquisition unit and the second current acquisition unit are respectively arranged to acquire the current in a partition manner, so that the accuracy of acquiring the real-time working current of the load can be improved.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described technical effects simultaneously.
Other features of the present invention and advantages thereof will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic functional diagram of a microcontroller according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid-state microcontroller according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating short-circuit and overload protection by solid-state micro-control according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise.
The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. It should be noted that the embodiments provided in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other without contradiction.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the microcontroller μ p with the adaptively adjusted protection curve of the present invention includes: an instruction analysis unit: the system is used for receiving and analyzing a control instruction of the upper computer; an interface unit: the load current monitoring system is used for collecting load working current information in real time; a first storage unit: the load working current information acquisition module is used for acquiring load working current information in real time; i is 2 A T protection unit: for according to embedded I 2 A T protection curve, which generates a turn-off control instruction under the condition that the load working current information is overloaded; the data analysis and processing unit: the device comprises a storage unit, a power-on curve and a steady-state curve, wherein the storage unit is used for storing load working current information of a load; obtaining a load short-circuit protection parameter and a load overload protection parameter according to the power-on curve and the steady-state curve; a second storage unit: used for storing the load short-circuit protection parameter and the load overload protection parameter obtained by the data analysis and processing unitStoring; a parameter configuration unit: for reading the overload protection parameter in the second storage unit and adjusting I according to the obtained overload protection parameter 2 A T protection curve; reading and outputting the short-circuit protection parameter in the second storage unit; an output unit: control instruction and I for output instruction parsing unit 2 And T, controlling the protection unit.
In the related art, I 2 T protection curve and short circuit protection circuit currently have no adaptive adjustment capability, and I 2 The parameter setting of the T-protection curve also has difficulties, which are particularly shown in: 1. the equipment is numerous, and the electrical characteristic curves of the electric equipment are different; 2. manufacturers sometimes cannot provide the electrical characteristic curve of their own equipment; therefore, the I of the specified current multiple is generally set according to the specification of the power supply line 2 T protection curve.
Set by the above-mentioned way I 2 In the practical use process of the T protection curve, the problem of inaccurate protection can exist, in particular to the phenomena of error protection and no protection caused by the transient current characteristic difference of the electric equipment.
The microcontroller with the self-adaptive adjustment protection curve stores load working current information collected in real time through a first storage unit to form historical data; by arranging the data analysis and processing unit, the data analysis and processing unit is used for analyzing and processing historical data to fit a power-on curve and a steady-state curve so as to obtain load overload protection parameters and load short-circuit protection parameters, the load short-circuit protection parameters are output, and I is further adjusted according to the obtained load overload protection parameters 2 A T protection curve; the biggest difference from the related art is that the real electrical characteristic curve can be measured for the load, and the I can be adjusted according to the real electrical characteristic curve 2 T protection curve and load short circuit protection parameter, therefore, compared with the related technology, it has the characteristic of accurate protection; in addition, the micro-control of the invention not only fits a steady-state curve but also fits a power-on curve, and can avoid the phenomena of error protection and no protection caused by the transient current characteristic difference of the electric equipment.
In some embodiments, the load short-circuit protection parameters of the present invention include a power-on short-circuit protection threshold parameter and a steady-state short-circuit protection threshold parameter. The power-on short-circuit protection threshold value is 7-20 times of rated current of the power distribution channel; the steady-state short-circuit protection threshold value is 7-12 times of rated current of the power distribution channel.
In some embodiments, the load overload protection parameters include an overload multiple and an overload reference current; the overload reference current comprises a power-on overload reference current and a steady-state overload reference current, and the overload multiple comprises a power-on maximum overload multiple and a steady-state maximum overload multiple; the power-on overload reference current is 20% -100% of rated current of the power distribution channel; the steady-state overload reference current is 20% -100% of the rated current of the power distribution channel; the maximum overload multiple of the electrifying current is 7-20; the maximum overload multiple of the steady-state current is 7-12.
In some cases, the overload protection starts from 1.2 times the overload reference current, I 2 Tmax overload factor for determining I 2 In the T protection interval, the short-circuit current exceeding the maximum multiple is processed according to the short-circuit protection; the maximum overload multiple of the electrifying current is 7-20, which means that the maximum overload multiple of the electrifying current is a specific value in a range value of 7-20; the maximum overload multiple of the steady-state current is 7-12, which means that the maximum overload multiple of the steady-state current is a specific value in a range of values from 7 to 12.
The load short-circuit protection parameter and the overload protection parameter are divided into two stages, namely a power-on stage and a steady-state stage; accurate protection can be realized by setting load short-circuit protection parameters and load overload protection parameters in stages; the following are exemplified:
the error protection mainly occurs in a power-on stage, if self-adaptive protection is not available, if impact current generated at the moment of powering on a certain device reaches 30A, load steady-state working current is 1A, rated current of a power distribution channel is 3A, and the maximum overload multiple of the solid-state power controller is 7; at this time, the inrush current 30A exceeds the maximum protection current 3A × 7=21a of the solid-state power controller of the path, and trip protection occurs. And the real situation is that the equipment works normally and overload or short-circuit faults do not occur, so that the solid-state power controller is judged to be in error protection.
If the microcontroller μ p is adopted, under the curve self-adaptive setting mode, the historical data stored in the first storage unit can be read, and a power-on curve and a steady-state working curve are fitted according to the historical data. In this case, the microcontroller μ p analyzes the data to obtain "the power-on overload reference current is 3A", "the power-on maximum overload protection multiple is 12 times", "the power-on short-circuit protection threshold value is 36A", "the steady-state operation overload reference current is 1.2A", "the steady-state operation maximum overload protection multiple is 7 times" and "the steady-state operation short-circuit protection threshold value is 8.4A", and after confirmation, the relevant parameters are stored in the "second storage unit". Then, in the "normal operation mode", the parameter configuration unit automatically loads the configuration information, and performs protection according to the configuration information. It can be seen from the data that the arrangement can effectively avoid the transient 30A surge current of the load during the power-on process, and can effectively protect the load circuit during the steady-state operation process.
As shown in fig. 2, the first storage unit and the second storage unit of the present invention may be a nonvolatile memory U4.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a solid-state power controller based on the microcontroller μ p, where the solid-state power controller includes a current collection unit, a driving control and protection unit, and a power unit in addition to the microcontroller μ p.
The input end of the current acquisition unit is used for being connected with a load distribution bus, and the output end of the current acquisition unit is connected with the input end of an interface unit of the microcontroller mu p.
The drive control and protection unit is provided with a first input end, a second input end, a third input end and an output end; the driving control and protection unit is connected with the output end of the current acquisition unit through a first input end and is used for acquiring load working current information; the driving control and protection unit is connected with the parameter configuration unit of the microcontroller μ p through a second input end and is used for acquiring load short-circuit protection parameters; the driving control and protection unit is connected with the output end of the microcontroller μ p through a third input end and is used for acquiring a control instruction output by the microcontroller μ p; the output end of the drive control and protection unit is connected with the input end of the power unit and used for generating corresponding switching signals according to the received load working current information, the load short-circuit protection parameters and the control instruction output by the microcontroller mu p; and the power unit is connected with the output end of the drive control and protection unit and is used for controlling the on-off of the load power distribution channel according to the corresponding switching signal.
The solid-state power controller adopts the microcontroller mu p with the protection curve self-adaptive adjustment function and is matched with the current acquisition unit, the drive control and protection unit and the power unit, so that the I of the solid-state power controller can be automatically adjusted according to different load characteristics 2 T protection curve parameters and short-circuit protection threshold values are used for better adapting to the electrical load characteristics of the post-stage equipment, so that complicated adjustment and maintenance work is avoided, and the adaptability and the guarantee efficiency of the whole power distribution system are improved.
In some cases, the current collecting unit of the present invention includes a first current collecting unit and a second current collecting unit, and the current collecting range of the first current collecting unit is I Rated value About 20 times of I Rated value The current collection range of the second current collection unit is 0-I Rated value ，I Rated value Rated current for the distribution channel; the drive control and protection unit is connected with the output end of the first current acquisition unit through the first input end.
According to the invention, the first current acquisition unit and the second current acquisition unit are respectively arranged to acquire the current in a partition manner, so that the accuracy of acquiring the real-time working current of the load can be improved.
The interface unit of the microcontroller μ p of the present invention comprises a first acquisition interface and a second acquisition interface.
The first current acquisition unit comprises a current divider R0, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, an operational amplifier G2, a resistor R5 and a resistor R6; the shunt R0 is connected in series in a load distribution bus; the first input end of the operational amplifier G1 is connected with the input end of the shunt R0 through a resistor R3, and the second input end of the operational amplifier G1 is connected with the output end of the shunt R0 through a resistor R4; the first input end of the operational amplifier G2 is connected with the output of the operational amplifier G1, the second input end of the operational amplifier G2 is connected with one end of the resistor R6, and the output end of the operational amplifier G2 is simultaneously connected with the other end of the resistor R6, the first input end of the drive control and protection unit and the input end of the first acquisition interface of the microcontroller μ p; the resistor R5 is connected to the second input of the operational amplifier G2.
The second current acquisition unit comprises an operational amplifier G3, an operational amplifier G4, a resistor R7 and a resistor R8; a first input end of the operational amplifier G3 is connected with an input end of the shunt R0 through a resistor R3, and a second input end of the operational amplifier G3 is connected with an output end of the shunt R0 through a resistor R4; the first input end of the operational amplifier G4 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier G3, the second input end of the operational amplifier G4 is connected with one end of the resistor R8, and the output end of the operational amplifier G4 is simultaneously connected with the other end of the resistor R8 and the input end of the first acquisition interface of the microcontroller μ p; resistor R7 is connected to a second input of operational amplifier G4.
The operational amplifiers G1 and G3 of the present invention are preferably isolated differential operational amplifiers.
The first current acquisition unit acquires a current signal flowing through the current divider R0 through the high-precision operational amplifier G1, then amplifies the current signal through the operational amplifier G2, and sends the current signal to the first acquisition interface of the micro-controller mu p interface unit, the channel mainly finishes acquisition of a power distribution channel rated current value which is 20 times of the power distribution channel rated current value, the acquisition width of overload current Io is improved, and the accurate adjustment of the overload current Io (large current) can be realized by adjusting the gain of the operational amplifier G2.
The first current collecting unit collects the current signal flowing through the current divider R0 mainly through the high-precision operational amplifier G3, then the current signal is amplified through the operational amplifier G4 and sent to the second collecting interface of the micro-controller mu p interface unit, and the channel mainly completes 0-I Rated value By adjusting the gain of G4, the accuracy of acquisition of the rated current (small current), I Rated value The current rating for the electrical distribution channels.
In the invention, the basic composition of the first current acquisition unit and the second current acquisition unit is the same, and the difference is that the gains of the operational amplifier G2 and the operational amplifier G4 are different, thereby realizing the detection of different current intervals. The first current acquisition unit is used for detecting 'large current' with the current larger than a rated value; while the second current acquisition unit consists in the detection of the "lower current" of the actual operation.
The load working current information collected by the interface unit is a voltage signal representing the magnitude of the load working current.
In some embodiments, the driving control and protection unit includes a reference voltage setting unit U3, a comparator C1, a latch U2, a not gate U6, and an and gate U5; the reference voltage setting unit U3 has a latching function, and the input end of the reference voltage setting unit U3 is connected with the data analysis and processing unit through the SPI bus and is used for acquiring short-circuit protection parameters; a first input end of the comparator C1 is connected with an output end of the first current acquisition unit, and a second input end of the comparator C1 is connected with an output end of the reference voltage setting unit U3; the input end of the latch U2 is connected with the output end of the comparator C1; the input end of the NOT gate U6 is connected with the output end of the latch U2; the first input end of the AND gate U5 is connected with the output end of the NAND gate U6, and the second input end of the AND gate U5 is connected with the mu p output unit of the microcontroller; the output terminal of the and gate U5 is used to output a switching signal for controlling the power unit.
The drive control and protection unit further comprises an isolator U1, the input end of the isolator U1 is connected with the output end of the AND gate U5, and the output end of the isolator U1 outputs a switching signal of the power unit.
In some embodiments, the low power supply of the isolator U1 is 3.3V, the high power supply is 12/U ISO, GND is the ground corresponding to the low power supply, ISO _ GND is the ground corresponding to the high power supply, the input end of the isolator U1 is connected to the output end of the and gate U5, and the output end is connected to the power unit, which is used for driving the power unit to be switched on and off.
According to the invention, a microcontroller μ p can send short-circuit protection parameters to a reference voltage setting unit U3 through an SPI bus, after the signals are input to the reference voltage setting unit U3 with a latch, the signals are input to a comparator C1, the signals are compared with overload current information, the comparison result is sent to a latch U2, the latch U2 inputs the comparison result to a logical not gate U6, the signals after logical negation of the not gate U6 are input to a logical AND gate U5, meanwhile, ON/OFF command signals sent by the microcontroller μ p are also input to the logical AND gate U5, and the common U1 controls the connection and disconnection of solid power control.
In the related art, the short-circuit protection threshold of the driving control and protection unit is a fixed voltage value and does not change with the working state of the load, and the short-circuit protection threshold in the power-on stage and the short-circuit protection threshold in the steady-state working are the same, so that the phenomena of over-protection and error protection can occur;
the input end of a reference voltage setting unit U3 of the drive control and protection unit is connected with a data analysis and processing unit through an SPI bus and used for acquiring short-circuit protection parameters; here, the input circuit protection threshold of the input end of U3 is adapted to the characteristic curve of the load, and in the power-on stage, the input end of U3 is the power-on short-circuit protection threshold; in the steady state stage, the input end of U3 inputs a steady state short circuit protection threshold value. Therefore, compared with the related art, the short-circuit protection provided by the drive control and protection unit is more accurate, and the phenomena of over-protection and error protection can be avoided to a certain extent.
The reference voltage setting unit U3 of the present invention may be implemented by a digital potentiometer, or may be implemented by a digital DAC, such as AD5121, AD5141, AD5310R, AD5311R, or the like.
After acquiring the short-circuit protection parameter transmitted by the microcontroller, the reference voltage setting unit U3 outputs a corresponding power-on short-circuit protection threshold or a steady-state short-circuit protection threshold according to the short-circuit protection parameter, wherein the power-on short-circuit protection threshold is a voltage value and represents 7-20 times of rated current of a power distribution channel; the steady-state short-circuit protection threshold value is a voltage value which represents 7-12 times of rated current of a power distribution channel.
In some cases, the solid-state power controller of the present invention further includes a back-end state monitoring unit, an input end of the back-end state monitoring unit is connected to an output of the shunt R0, and is configured to collect a load distribution bus voltage; the microcontroller μ p further comprises a second acquisition interface; the output end of the rear end state monitoring unit is connected with the input end of the second acquisition interface, and the output end of the second acquisition interface is used for feeding back the voltage of the load distribution bus to the upper computer.
In some cases, the back-end state monitoring unit includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, an operational amplifier G5, and an operational amplifier G6; a first input end of the operational amplifier G5 is connected with an output end of the current divider R0, and a second input end of the operational amplifier G5 is grounded through a resistor R2; one end of the resistor R1 is connected with a first input end of the operational amplifier G5, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with a second input end of the operational amplifier G5; the first input end of the operational amplifier G6 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier G5, and the output end of the operational amplifier G6 is simultaneously connected with the second input end of the operational amplifier G6 and the input end of the second acquisition interface.
As shown in fig. 2, the power unit of the invention includes a field effect transistor Q1, a field effect transistor Q2, a diode D1 and a diode D2, the field effect transistor Q1 and the field effect transistor Q2 are arranged in parallel, the field effect transistor Q1 and the field effect transistor Q2 are respectively connected to a bus through respective source and drain electrodes, and the gates of the field effect transistor Q1 and the field effect transistor Q2 are both connected to the output end of the U1. The drain electrodes of the field effect transistor Q1 and the field effect transistor Q2 are also connected with ISO-GND.
The back end state monitoring unit is mainly used for acquiring the voltage of the back end of the power unit, and the data is used for judging whether the power unit is in a connection state or a disconnection state.
In addition, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the command analysis unit of the micro-controller μ p of the present invention CAN input control commands such as "on/off, reset" through a communication bus such as RS422, CAN bus, etc. Meanwhile, the on-off state, the current, the voltage data, the self-checking information and the like of the MOS tube in the rear-stage power unit detected by the rear-end state monitoring unit can be output through the bus.
The discrete quantity signal in fig. 2 is an I \ O control signal of 28V/open circuit or GND/open circuit, which is used for emergency on/off control. The same is true of the communication bus "on/off" control commands in terms of on/off control functionality; but discrete amounts of "on/off" are typically used for emergency control in the event of a "communication bus" failure.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for short-circuit and overload protection by using a solid-state power controller, and as shown in fig. 3, the method for short-circuit and overload protection by using a solid-state power controller according to the present invention includes the following steps:
receiving and analyzing a control instruction of the upper computer, and opening a load power supply channel;
collecting load working current information in real time;
storing the load working current information collected in real time;
reading historical data of load working current information, and preprocessing the historical data of the load working current information;
fitting a power-on curve and a steady-state curve according to the processed load working current historical data; obtaining a load short-circuit protection parameter and a load overload protection parameter according to the power-on curve and the steady-state curve;
storing the load short-circuit protection parameter and the load overload protection parameter;
reading the overload protection parameters of the load, and adjusting I according to the obtained overload protection parameters of the load 2 A T protection curve; according to adjusted I 2 Overload protection is carried out on the T protection curve;
and reading the short-circuit protection parameters, and performing short-circuit protection according to the load short-circuit protection parameters.
In the core principle of the method for short circuit and overload protection of the solid-state power controller, the microcontroller μ p can have two working modes in the practical application process, wherein one working mode is a curve self-adaptive setting mode, and the other working mode is a normal working mode; in the curve adaptive setting mode, the solid-state power controller mainly determines I matched with the actual load electricity utilization characteristic 2 T protection curve and load short circuit protection parameter; in a normal working mode, the parameter configuration unit of the microcontroller μ p communicates with the reference voltage setting unit U3 to realize the adjustment of short-circuit protection parameters; and adjusting I according to the obtained load overload protection parameter 2 A T protection curve; after passing through a comparator C1 in accordance with the adjusted valueThe signal is latched by a latch U2, then a control signal sent by the latch U2 and an ON/OFF signal sent by a microcontroller mu p simultaneously control the U1 through a logic AND gate U5, and the ON-OFF signal quantity is sent to a power unit to realize the ON-OFF control of output current, thereby realizing I 2 And (4) self-adaptive protection of the T curve. Further, the voltage Vr collected in the load channel can be transmitted to the microcontroller μ p through the difference device G5 and the follower G6, and the state of the rear end of the microcontroller μ p can be monitored in real time.
Although some specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail by way of example, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above examples are for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A microcontroller with adaptive adjustment of a protection curve is characterized by comprising:
an instruction analysis unit: the system is used for receiving and analyzing a control instruction of the upper computer;
an interface unit: the load current monitoring system is used for collecting load working current information in real time;
a first storage unit: the load working current information acquisition module is used for acquiring load working current information in real time;
I 2 a T protection unit: for according to embedded I 2 A T protection curve, which generates a turn-off control instruction under the condition that the load working current information is overloaded;
the data analysis and processing unit: the device comprises a storage unit, a power-on curve and a steady-state curve, wherein the storage unit is used for storing load working current information of a load; obtaining a load short-circuit protection parameter and a load overload protection parameter according to the power-on curve and the steady-state curve;
a second storage unit: the data analysis and processing unit is used for storing the load short-circuit protection parameters and the load overload protection parameters obtained by the data analysis and processing unit;
a parameter configuration unit: for reading the overload protection parameter in the second storage unit and adjusting I according to the obtained overload protection parameter 2 A T protection curve; reading and outputting the short-circuit protection parameter in the second storage unit;
an output unit: control instruction and I for output instruction parsing unit 2 T control instruction of protection unit.
2. The microcontroller of claim 1 wherein the load short circuit protection parameters comprise a parameter of a power-on short circuit protection threshold and a parameter of a steady state short circuit protection threshold;
the power-on short circuit protection threshold value is 7-20 times of rated current of a power distribution channel; the steady-state short-circuit protection threshold value is 7-12 times of rated current of the power distribution channel.
3. The microcontroller according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the load overload protection parameters comprise an overload multiple and an overload reference current; the overload reference current comprises a power-on overload reference current and a steady-state overload reference current, and the overload multiple comprises a power-on maximum overload multiple and a steady-state maximum overload multiple;
the power-on overload reference current is 20% -100% of rated current of the power distribution channel;
the steady-state overload reference current is 20% -100% of rated current of a power distribution channel;
the maximum overload multiple of the electrifying current is 7-20;
the maximum overload multiple of the steady-state current is 7-12.
4. A solid state power controller with adaptive adjustment of the protection curve, comprising a microcontroller according to any of claims 1-3; further comprising:
the input end of the current acquisition unit is used for being connected with a load power distribution bus, and the output end of the current acquisition unit is connected with the input end of an interface unit of the microcontroller;
the driving control and protection unit is provided with a first input end, a second input end, a third input end and an output end;
the drive control and protection unit is connected with the output end of the current acquisition unit through a first input end and is used for acquiring load working current information;
the driving control and protection unit is connected with the parameter configuration unit of the microcontroller through a second input end and is used for acquiring load short-circuit protection parameters;
the driving control and protection unit is connected with the output end of the microcontroller through a third input end and is used for acquiring a control instruction output by the microcontroller;
the output end of the drive control and protection unit is connected with the input end of the power unit and used for generating a corresponding switching signal according to the received load working current information, the load short-circuit protection parameter and a control instruction output by the microcontroller;
and the power unit is connected with the output end of the drive control and protection unit and is used for controlling the on-off of the load power distribution channel according to the corresponding switch signal.
5. The solid state power controller of claim 4, wherein the current collection unit comprises a first current collection unit and a second current collection unit, the first current collection unit having a current collection range of I Rated value About 20 times of I Rated value The current collection range of the second current collection unit is 0-I Rated value ，I Rated value Rated current for the distribution channel;
the drive control and protection unit is connected with the output end of the first current acquisition unit through the first input end.
6. The solid state power controller of claim 5, wherein the interface unit comprises a first acquisition interface and a second acquisition interface;
the first current acquisition unit comprises a current divider R0, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, an operational amplifier G1, an operational amplifier G2, a resistor R5 and a resistor R6;
the current divider R0 is connected in series in a load distribution bus; the first input end of the operational amplifier G1 is connected with the input end of the current divider R0 through a resistor R3, and the second input end of the operational amplifier G1 is connected with the output end of the current divider R0 through a resistor R4;
the first input end of the operational amplifier G2 is connected with the output of the operational amplifier G1, the second input end of the operational amplifier G2 is connected with one end of the resistor R6, and the output end of the operational amplifier G2 is simultaneously connected with the other end of the resistor R6, the first input end of the drive control and protection unit and the input end of the first acquisition interface of the microcontroller;
one end of the resistor R5 is connected with the second input end of the operational amplifier G2, and the other end of the resistor R is grounded;
the second current acquisition unit comprises an operational amplifier G3, an operational amplifier G4, a resistor R7 and a resistor R8;
a first input end of the operational amplifier G3 is connected with an input end of the current divider R0 through a resistor R3, and a second input end of the operational amplifier G3 is connected with an output end of the current divider R0 through a resistor R4;
the first input end of the operational amplifier G4 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier G3, the second input end of the operational amplifier G4 is connected with one end of the resistor R8, and the output end of the operational amplifier G4 is simultaneously connected with the other end of the resistor R8 and the input end of the first acquisition interface of the microcontroller;
one end of the resistor R7 is connected with the second input end of the operational amplifier G4, and the other end is grounded.
7. The solid state power controller according to claim 6, wherein the driving control and protection unit comprises a reference voltage setting unit U3, a comparator C1, a latch U2, a NOT gate U6 and an AND gate U5;
the reference voltage setting unit U3 has a latching function, and the input end of the reference voltage setting unit U3 is connected with the data analysis and processing unit through an SPI bus and used for acquiring short-circuit protection parameters;
a first input end of the comparator C1 is connected with an output end of the first current acquisition unit, and a second input end of the comparator C1 is connected with an output end of the reference voltage setting unit U3;
the input end of the latch U2 is connected with the output end of the comparator C1;
the input end of the NOT gate U6 is connected with the output end of the latch U2;
the first input end of the AND gate U5 is connected with the output end of the NAND gate U6, and the second input end of the AND gate U5 is connected with the output unit of the microcontroller;
and the output end of the AND gate U5 is used for outputting a switching signal for controlling the power unit.
8. The solid state power controller according to claim 7, wherein the driving control and protection unit further comprises an isolator U1, an input terminal of the isolator U1 is connected to an output terminal of the and gate U5, and an output terminal of the isolator U1 outputs a switching signal of the power unit.
9. The solid state power controller of claim 8, further comprising a back end status monitoring unit having an input connected to an output of the current divider R0 for collecting a load distribution bus voltage;
the microcontroller further comprises a second acquisition interface;
the output end of the rear end state monitoring unit is connected with the input end of a second acquisition interface, and the output end of the second acquisition interface is used for feeding back the voltage of the load distribution bus to the upper computer.
10. A method for short circuit and overload protection using a solid state power controller, comprising the steps of:
receiving and analyzing a control instruction of the upper computer, and opening a load power supply channel;
collecting load working current information in real time;
storing the load working current information collected in real time;
reading historical data of load working current information, and preprocessing the historical data of the load working current information;
fitting a power-on curve and a steady-state curve according to the processed load working current historical data; obtaining a load short-circuit protection parameter and a load overload protection parameter according to the power-on curve and the steady-state curve;
storing the load short-circuit protection parameter and the load overload protection parameter;
reading the overload protection parameters of the load, and adjusting I according to the obtained overload protection parameters of the load 2 A T protection curve; according to adjusted I 2 Carrying out overload protection on the T protection curve;
and reading the short-circuit protection parameters, and performing short-circuit protection according to the load short-circuit protection parameters.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116526496A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-08-01 | 国网山西省电力公司晋城供电公司 | Novel auxiliary decision-making method for power system load control |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116526496A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-08-01 | 国网山西省电力公司晋城供电公司 | Novel auxiliary decision-making method for power system load control |
| CN116526496B (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-09-08 | 国网山西省电力公司晋城供电公司 | Novel auxiliary decision-making method for power system load control |
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