CN115565063B - Mining area vegetation carbon sink contribution amount calculation and analysis method based on climate potential compensation - Google Patents
Mining area vegetation carbon sink contribution amount calculation and analysis method based on climate potential compensation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating and analyzing the carbon sink contribution of vegetation in a mining area based on climate potential compensation, which comprises the following steps: A. constructing a test area based on the mining area, and selecting a research area from the test area; B. calculating vegetation potential carbon sink compensation values of grasslands, forest lands and cultivated lands which are used as the land utilization types of the control area: C. analyzing vegetation carbon sink influence factors in a research area: c1, correcting and calculating by using the compensation value of the vegetation carbon sink in the control area to obtain an ideal vegetation carbon sink in the research area, and C2, obtaining the influence of climate weather and human activities in the research area on the vegetation carbon sink according to the calculation model. The method finely classifies the land of the research area, carries out comparison area selection based on a hierarchical support vector machine, constructs a potential carbon sink compensation value by combining the luminous energy utilization rate and a climatic potential model, accurately obtains the influence of human activities in the mining area on vegetation carbon sink, further realizes quantitative calculation and analysis of contribution of vegetation carbon sink influence factors in the mining area, and provides scientific data support for mining area decision making.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mining area vegetation carbon sink influence factor analysis, in particular to the fields of remote sensing, geographic information and ecology, and particularly relates to a mining area vegetation carbon sink contribution amount calculation and analysis method based on climate potential compensation.
Background
As an important field of carbon emission reduction in the coal industry, carbon monitoring on a mining area is a precondition for realizing 'carbon peak reaching' and 'carbon neutralization'. As an important part of the carbon sink calculation of the mining area ecosystem, the vegetation carbon sink is comprehensively influenced by factors such as mining area rainfall, air temperature, air pressure, mining activities, town expansion and reclamation measures, the mining area rainfall, the air temperature and the air pressure are classified as influence factors of meteorological climate, and the mining activities, the town expansion and reclamation measures are classified as influence factors of human activities. These factors are summarized as natural influencing factors (i.e., weather climate influencing factors) and human activity influencing factors. The influence of different factors on the carbon sink of the vegetation in the mining area is known and mastered, and basic data and support can be provided for mining activities, reclamation measures and the like in the mining area. Currently, data such as air temperature, total precipitation, surface net radiation and the like are utilized, and vegetation carbon sink calculation with a long time sequence, high frequency and a large range in a mining area can be realized based on a remote sensing image inversion estimation algorithm, but the specific influence of climate factors and human activity factors on the vegetation carbon sink in the mining area cannot be quantitatively given (see 'mining area ecological environment quantitative remote sensing monitoring and evaluation technology framework and application', authors: lijun, pennsylvania, zhang industry, yang fei, mulberry and Nap, mining science reports, 2022,7 (01): 9-25+88. DOI. In addition, mining area production causes special land utilization types in areas, and natural factors and human activity factors have different influences on vegetation carbon sink in different land utilization types. Therefore, the prior art method is difficult to realize the quantitative calculation of the contribution amount of the vegetation carbon sink influencing factor in the mining area, and lacks the analysis of the influence of the vegetation carbon sink human activities in the mining area (see specifically: yang H, hu D, xu H, zhong X. Assembling the spatial development of NPP and its response to driving factors in Anhui pro-vision, china. Environmental Science and Pollution research.2020;27 (13): 14915-14932. Doi.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that the quantitative calculation of the vegetation carbon sink influence factor contribution amount is difficult to realize in a mining area and the analysis of the contribution amount of the vegetation carbon sink human activity influence factor in the mining area is lacked in the prior art, and provides a mining area vegetation carbon sink contribution amount calculation and analysis method based on climate potential compensation.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a mining area vegetation carbon sink contribution amount calculation and analysis method based on climate potential compensation comprises the following steps:
A. constructing a test area based on the mining area, and selecting a research area from the test area;
a1, collecting remote sensing images and meteorological data in a test area, and constructing a test area image meteorological database;
a2, carrying out fine land utilization classification on a research area based on a remote sensing image, and dividing land utilization types of the research area into grasslands, forest lands, cultivated lands, bare lands, water bodies, industrial and mining lands and urban construction lands; extracting the soil utilization types of grasslands, forest lands and cultivated lands from the research areas, wherein the research areas comprise grassland research areas, forest land research areas and cultivated land research areas;
a3, carrying out fine land utilization classification in the regions of the test area except the research area based on remote sensing images, and dividing the land utilization types of the regions of the test area except the research area into grasslands, forest lands, cultivated lands, bare lands, water bodies, industrial and mining land and urban construction land; extracting regions of the test region except the research region, wherein the land utilization types are grassland, forest land and cultivated land as comparison regions, and the comparison regions comprise grassland comparison regions, forest land comparison regions and cultivated land comparison regions;
B. calculating the vegetation potential carbon sink compensation value of the grassland, the forest land and the cultivated land in the land utilization type of the control area:
b1, calculating the real carbon sink of the monthly vegetation in the control area based on the CASA model according to the following formula: NPP Moon cake (x, t) = APAR (x, t) × ε (x, t) =, wherein NPP Moon cake (x, t) represents net primary productivity of vegetation of the pixel x in t months, APAR (x, t) represents photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the pixel x in t months, epsilon (x, t) is the real vegetation light energy utilization rate of the pixel x in t months, x represents the spatial position of the pixel in the image, and t represents monthly degrees;
the net primary productivity of annual vegetation is calculated according to the following formula:
calculating the real carbon sink amount of the vegetation according to the following formula:
NEP＝NPP-R H ；
NEP denotes the true carbon sink of vegetation, R H Represents the respiration of soil microorganisms, and the respiration of soil microorganisms is calculated according to the Peltier model as follows:
R H =0.22 × (exp (0.0912T) + ln (0.3145r + 1)) × 30 × 46.5%, where T represents air temperature and R represents precipitation;
b2, calculating the annual climate potential productivity NPP' based on a Chikugo model according to the following formula:
NPP’＝0.29×[exp(-0.216×RDI)×R n ×0.45
R n ＝RDI×L×P
L＝(597-0.6T vr )×0.0103
in the formula, NPP' represents annual climate potential productivity, RDI represents annual average radiation dryness, R n Represents the net radiation dose obtained on the surface of the land, L represents the latent heat of evaporation, P represents the total annual precipitation, T vr Representing the annual average air temperature;
calculating the potential carbon sink amount of vegetation according to the following formula:
NEP′＝NPP′-R H ；
NEP 'denotes vegetation potential carbon sink, NPP' denotes annual vegetation potential net primary productivity, R H Represents the respiration of soil microorganisms;
b3, calculating the actual carbon sink of the vegetation with the soil utilization types of grassland, forest land and cultivated land in the control area according to the step B1, calculating the potential carbon sink of the vegetation with the soil utilization types of grassland, forest land and cultivated land in the control area according to the step B2, and calculating the difference COR according to the following method (i，n) ：
COR (i，n) ＝NEP (i，n) -NEP′ (i，n) ；NEP (i，n) Representing the actual carbon sink, NEP 'of vegetation of Pixel i in control area' (i，n) Representing vegetation potential carbon sink of a pixel element i in the control area, i representing the spatial position of the pixel element in the climate control area, and n representing the land utilization type;
respectively calculating difference COR of grassland, forest land and cultivated land in the land utilization types of the control area (i，n) And taking the median COR n As compensation value of vegetation carbon sink in the control area;
C. and (3) analyzing vegetation carbon sink influence factors in the research area:
c1, obtaining ideal vegetation carbon sink of the research area by utilizing compensation value correction calculation of vegetation carbon sink of the control area
c2, calculating a calculation model of the influence of climate weather and human activities in the research area on vegetation carbon sink according to the following formula:
CI i ＝NEP grinding (i, n) -HI i ；
In order to better implement the present invention, step C further comprises C3;
c3, expressing the aggregation degree of the climate weather and human activities in the research area in the step C2 on the influence of the vegetation carbon sink by adopting a local spatial correlation index Getis-Ord Gi, identifying and counting the spatial distribution conditions of high-value clusters and low-value clusters at different spatial positions by taking the distance as a measurement standard, and expressing the high and low levels of the aggregation degree through a z-score corresponding to the spatial positions, wherein the calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
expressing the area spatial correlation index statistical value of the pixel i of the research area, n1 expressing the number of the pixels of the research area, x j Represents the carbon sink of the vegetation of the pixel j, which is influenced by the influence factors including weather and human activities, W ij Representing a spatial weight matrix.
Preferably, the method for acquiring remote sensing images in the test area in the step A1 is as follows: collecting high-resolution image data including Landsat series land resource satellite remote sensing images or domestic high-resolution satellite remote sensing images; the meteorological data source in the step A1 comprises a Chinese meteorological data network.
Preferably, the fine land use classification method of the test area except the research area in the step A3 is as follows:
and B, establishing a hierarchical support vector machine to perform fine land utilization classification on the regions of the test region except the research region according to the fine land utilization classification data of the research region in the step A2 as training samples, wherein the fine land utilization classification data comprises remote sensing images and land utilization types of the research region, the hierarchical support vector machine realizes the accurate classification of different land utilization types in a mode of constructing an optimal hyperplane, and the hierarchical support vector machine uses RBF kernel functions as a classification model of the SVM and adopts a cross validation method to adjust a penalty coefficient C and an interval gamma so as to improve the precision of classification results.
Preferably, the calculation method of the actinic effective radiation APAR (x, t) in step B1 is as follows: APAR (x, t) is calculated by utilizing a vegetation net primary productivity model of light energy utilization, and the calculation formula is as follows:
APAR(x，t)＝PAR(x，t)×FPAR(x，t)
PAR(x，t)＝SOL(x，t)×0.5
wherein PAR (x, t) represents photosynthetically active radiation of the pixel x in the t month, FPAR (x, t) represents a vegetation photosynthetically active radiation absorption ratio of the pixel x in the t month, SOL (x, t) represents the total solar radiation of the pixel x in the t month;
FPAR (x, t) is calculated using the following formula:
FPAR(x，t)＝FVC×(FPAR max -FPAR min )+FPAR min ；
FPAR max and FPAR min The values are 0.95 and 0.001 respectively max And NDVI min Respectively taking the maximum value and the minimum value of the NDVI in the research area; rho NIR Denotes the reflectivity, p, of the near infrared band red Representing the reflectivity of a red light wave band; FVC is vegetation coverage, and adopts pixel binary model to calculate NDVI soil Representing pure bare soil pixels, NDVI veg Representing pure vegetation pixels.
Preferably, the light energy utilization rate epsilon (x, t) of the vegetation in the step B1 is calculated by the following formula:
ε(x，t)＝T ε1 (x，t)×T ε2 (x, t) × W (x, t) × 0.389; wherein T is ε1 (x, T) represents a high temperature stress coefficient, T ε2 (x, t) represents a low temperature stress coefficient, and W (x, t) represents a water stress coefficient;
T ε1 (x，t)＝0.8+0.02×T opt (x)-0.0005×[T opt (x)] 2
W(x，t)＝0.5+0.5×E(x，t)/E p (x，t)
in the formula, T opt (x) Represents the average temperature of the corresponding month at which the highest value of NDVI occurs during the year; t (x, T) is the monthly average temperature; e (x, t) represents the actual evapotranspiration of the region; e p (x, t) represents the amount of area potential evapotranspiration.
Preferably, E (x, t) and E p The calculation method of (x, t) is as follows:
wherein P (x, t) represents the precipitation at month t, R n (x, t) represents the net surface radiance over t months, E p0 (x, t) represents the local latent evaporation amount, R n (x, t) and E p0 (x，t) the calculation method is as follows:
wherein I (x) is a calorie index of the annual sum, the parameter α (x) is a parameter related to I (x), and the relational formula of I (x) and α (x) is as follows:
α(x)＝[0.6751×I 3 (x)-77.1×I 2 (x)+17920×I(x)+492390]×10 -6 。
preferably, in step B2, the annual average radiant dryness RDI is related to the possible evapotranspiration PER as follows:
RDI＝[0.629+0.237PER-0.0031PER 2 ] 2
the calculation method of the probable evapotranspiration PER is as follows:
PER＝PET/P
PET＝BT×58.93
BT＝∑T/12＝∑t/365
wherein BT is the average annual biological temperature, T is the average daily temperature, T is the average monthly temperature, and P is the total annual precipitation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) According to the method, the study area land in the mining area is finely classified, the selection of a contrast area based on a hierarchical support vector machine is developed, the potential carbon sink compensation values of different land utilization types are constructed by combining the light energy utilization rate and a climatic potential model, the influence of the human activities in the mining area on the vegetation carbon sink is accurately obtained, the quantitative calculation and analysis of the contribution of the vegetation carbon sink influence factors in the mining area are further realized, and scientific data support is provided for the decision of the transformation of a clean mining mode of coal in the mining area and the decision of a land reclamation scheme.
(2) Firstly, according to a fine classification result of the land utilization type of a research area, performing land utilization classification on a test area in the same latitude range of the research area through a hierarchical support vector machine, preferably selecting a comparison area with similar topographic and geomorphic conditions, then calculating vegetation carbon sink amount and potential vegetation carbon sink amount in different comparison areas by respectively using a CASA model and a Chikugo model, and constructing a vegetation potential carbon sink compensation value model of the same land utilization type of the part based on the vegetation carbon sink compensation value model; finally, separating accurate human activity influence vegetation carbon sink amount from vegetation real carbon sink of the light energy utilization rate model and carrying out vegetation carbon sink influence mode analysis by aiming at different land utilization types in a research mining area through corresponding compensation values and potential vegetation carbon sinks, wherein the larger the positive value of the influence is, the larger the damage intensity of the human activity to the vegetation NPP is; the more negative the impact, the greater the intensity of the restoration of the vegetation NPP production by human activity.
(3) The method comprises the steps of carrying out fine classification on land utilization on a small mining area range, selecting a comparison area for a land utilization type generating carbon sink by adopting a hierarchical support vector machine method on the basis, and providing land utilization classification and comparison area information for calculating vegetation carbon sink influence factors of the mining area for establishing a climate potential compensation method under the condition of ensuring precision and control variables.
(4) According to the method, the carbon sink of the vegetation in the mining area is calculated through the CASA model and the climate potential productivity model in the comparison area which is not influenced by human activities, the climate potential carbon sink compensation values of different land utilization classifications are constructed, and compensation value information is provided for accurate calculation of the carbon sink amount of the vegetation in the research area.
(5) According to the method, a quantitative calculation model of the influence of human activities on the vegetation carbon sink is constructed, the coupling relation among the human activities, weather meteorological conditions and the mining area vegetation carbon sink is removed, the contribution of each influence factor to the mining area vegetation carbon sink is quantitatively calculated, and the spatial distribution pattern of the influence of the human activities can be accurately analyzed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a land use classification principle of a hierarchical support vector machine;
FIG. 3 is the land use fine classification result of the research area in the second embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a classification result of the experimental region based on the hierarchical support vector machine, excluding the research region in the second embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the distribution of the real carbon sink of the vegetation in the study area of the second embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the potential carbon sink distribution of vegetation in the study area of example two;
FIG. 7 shows the carbon sink offset for the three land use types of the second embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the distribution of the contribution of the vegetation carbon sink human activity influencing factors in the second study area of example II;
FIG. 9 is the distribution of the meteorological influence factor contribution of vegetation carbon sequestration climate in the second study area of example II;
FIG. 10 shows the spatial distribution of the cold and hot spots affected by carbon sink of the vegetation in the second embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples:
example one
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, a mining area vegetation carbon sink contribution amount calculation and analysis method based on climate potential compensation includes the following steps:
A. constructing a test area based on the mining area, and selecting a research area from the test area;
a1, collecting remote sensing images and meteorological data in a test area, and constructing a test area image meteorological database;
according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for acquiring the remote sensing image in the test area in step A1 is as follows: collecting high-resolution image data including Landsat series land resource satellite remote sensing images or domestic high-resolution satellite remote sensing images; the spatial resolution of Landsat series land resource satellite remote sensing images is 30 meters, and the spatial resolution of domestic high-resolution satellite remote sensing images is 2 meters. And respectively cutting the Landsat series land resource satellite remote sensing image or the domestic high-resolution satellite remote sensing image according to the range of the research area and the range of the test area (the research area is positioned in the range of the test area), carrying out radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction on the cut satellite image, and eliminating the radiometric error caused by atmospheric influence, so that the image can reflect the real reflectivity of the earth surface, namely, the hue and the texture in the image can be expressed as the characteristics of the real ground object. The meteorological data source in the step A1 comprises a Chinese meteorological data network, such as a ground climate data monthly data set of the Chinese meteorological data network, monthly data of air temperature, precipitation and total monthly solar radiation of meteorological stations in the test area and adjacent meteorological stations are selected, and the insufficient range of the test area is interpolated according to an inverse distance weight method interpolation method for calculation processing in the subsequent steps B and C.
A2, carrying out fine land utilization classification on the research area based on the remote sensing image (preferably, the fine land utilization classification is based on Chinese land utilization classification standards (GB/T21010-2017)), and dividing the land utilization types of the research area into grasslands, forest lands, cultivated lands, bare lands, water bodies, industrial and mining lands and urban construction lands; extracting the types of land utilization from research areas, such as grasslands, forest lands and cultivated lands, wherein the research areas comprise grassland research areas, forest land research areas and cultivated land research areas; the fine land use classification criteria are as follows: (1) forest land mainly refers to areas used for forestry production or natural forest areas; most of the images are dark green, most of the standard false color images are red, and the images are irregular in shape and are mostly clustered or flocculent due to the influence of terrain. (2) Grasslands, land where growing herbs and shrubs predominate and are suitable for the development of animal husbandry. The color tone of the image is mostly light green or yellow green, and the standard false color image is mostly red, light red or gray brown, and the image structure is uniform and the texture is fine. (3) Bare land refers to bare ground, land with sparse vegetation, or to areas where no vegetation is growing for more than a certain time of the year, but vegetation is still present during the season when vegetation is growing. The surface texture is not uniform and is lighter in color. (4) Water bodies mainly refer to natural water bodies and ponding pits in mining abandoned lands, most of standard false colors are blue black or black, and obvious regional boundaries exist. (5) Tillage refers to the land where crops are planted to obtain grains or products. The color of the image is different along with the change of seasons, generally is light green, has obvious geometric shape, is mostly in a block shape or a circular shape, has clear boundary, fine and smooth structure and has texture structure. (6) The urban construction land mainly refers to human life such as urban construction and roads, and is mixed in color tone, clear in boundary, regular in shape, obvious in geometric characteristic and rough in image structure; compared with the periphery, the color of the road is brighter, the road presents a parallel double-edge state with basically unchanged width, and the characteristics are more consistent. (7) The industrial and mining land mainly refers to active land such as coal mining, industrial production and the like, generally has an obvious operation boundary range and a clear outline of a mining area building, and is sparser in distribution compared with urban buildings. Preferably, in step A2 of this embodiment, the high-resolution satellite remote sensing images in the research area may be subjected to fine land utilization classification in a remote sensing interpretation manner, and the land classification result may be corrected according to the relevant data and a field investigation manner.
A3, carrying out fine land utilization classification in regions except the research area of the test area based on remote sensing images, and dividing land utilization types of the regions except the research area of the test area into grassland, forest land, cultivated land, bare land, water body, industrial and mining land and urban construction land; extracting the areas of the test area except the research area, wherein the land utilization types are grassland, forest land and cultivated land as comparison areas (preferably, the comparison areas which are far away from human activity areas and have similar topographic conditions are selected), and the comparison areas comprise grassland comparison areas, forest land comparison areas and cultivated land comparison areas;
according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fine land use classification method of the test area except for the research area in step A3 is as follows: as shown in fig. 2, according to the fact that the fine land utilization classification data of the research area in the step A2 are used as training samples, the fine land utilization classification data include remote sensing images of the research area and land utilization types, a hierarchical support vector machine is established to perform fine land utilization classification on the areas of the test area except the research area, the hierarchical support vector machine is used for achieving accurate division of different land utilization types in a mode of establishing an optimal hyperplane, the hierarchical support vector machine uses an RBF kernel function as a classification model of an SVM, and a cross validation method is used for adjusting a penalty coefficient C and an interval gamma to improve classification result accuracy. According to the principle of a hierarchical analysis method, the two subclasses divided by the SVM are circulated and reclassified, and finally, the classification results of grasslands, forest lands, cultivated lands, bare lands, water bodies, urban construction lands and industrial and mining lands in the method are realized. And calculating the overall accuracy and the Kappa coefficient according to the land classification result to perform accuracy evaluation, and extracting the shortage ranges of different land utilization types, wherein the flow of the technical scheme is shown in figure 2. According to the characteristics of land utilization types, the invention respectively selects the forest land, the cultivated land and the grassland of the classified research area and the contrast area as research objects of the contribution amount of the vegetation carbon sink influence factors of the mining area.
B. Calculating the vegetation potential carbon sink compensation value of soil in the control area, wherein the types of the vegetation potential carbon sink compensation value are grassland, forest land and cultivated land, constructing a vegetation potential carbon sink compensation value model, and the vegetation potential carbon sink compensation value model comprises a CASA model and a Chikugo model:
b1, calculating the real carbon sink of the monthly vegetation in the control area based on a CASA model according to the following formula (the CASA model is a light energy utilization rate model for estimating NPP, and the required data for calculation mainly comprise monthly normalized vegetation indexes obtained by remote sensing wave band operation and air temperature, precipitation and total radiation of the sun of the corresponding month): NPP Moon cake (x, t) = APAR (x, t) × ε (x, t), in which NPP Moon cake (x, t) represents the net primary productivity of vegetation for pixel x at t months (gC/(m) 2 A)), APAR (x, t) denotes the photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the pixel x in t months (gC/(m) 2 Month)), epsilon (x, t) is the real vegetation light energy utilization rate (gC/MJ) of the pixel x in t months, x represents the spatial position of the pixel in the image, and t represents the monthly degree.
The net primary productivity of annual vegetation is calculated according to the following formula:
Calculating the real carbon sink amount of the vegetation according to the following formula:
NEP＝NPP-R H ；
NEP denotes the true carbon sink of vegetation (gC/(m) 2 ·a))，R H Represents the respiration rate of soil microorganisms (gC/(m) 2 A)) the respiration rate of soil microorganisms is calculated according to the Peltier model as follows:
R H =0.22 × (exp (0.0912T) + ln (0.3145r + 1)) × 30 × 46.5%, where T denotes air temperature (° c) and R denotes precipitation (mm).
B2, calculating the annual climate potential productivity NPP' based on a Chikugo model according to the following formula:
NPP’＝0.29×[exp(-0.216×RDI)×R n ×0.45
R n ＝RDI×L×P
L＝(597-0.6T vr )×0.0103
in the formula, NPP' represents annual climate potential productivity, RDI represents annual average radiation dryness, R n Representing the net radiation (mm) obtained from the surface of the land, L representing the latent heat of evaporation (mm), P representing the total annual precipitation (mm), T vr The mean annual temperature (. Degree. C.);
calculating the potential carbon sink amount of vegetation according to the following formula:
NEP′＝NPP′-R H ；
NEP 'denotes vegetation potential carbon sink, NPP' denotes annual vegetation potential net primary productivity, R H Represents the respiration of soil microorganisms;
b3, calculating the actual carbon sink of the vegetation with the soil utilization types of grassland, forest land and cultivated land in the comparison area according to the step B1, calculating the potential carbon sink of the vegetation with the soil utilization types of grassland, forest land and cultivated land in the comparison area according to the step B2, and calculating the difference COR according to the following method (i，n) ：
COR (i，n) ＝NEP (i，n) -NEP′ (i，n) ；NEP (i，n) Representing the actual carbon sink, NEP 'of vegetation of Pixel i in control area' (i，n) Representing the vegetation potential carbon sink of the pixel element i in the control area, i represents the spatial position of the pixel element in the climate control area, and n isIndicating the land utilization type;
respectively calculating difference COR of grassland, forest land and cultivated land in the land utilization types of the control area (i，n) And taking the median COR n As compensation value of vegetation carbon sink in the control area;
C. analyzing vegetation carbon sink influence factors in a research area:
c1, obtaining ideal vegetation carbon sink of the research area by utilizing compensation value correction calculation of vegetation carbon sink of the control area
c2, calculating a calculation model of the influence of climate weather and human activities in the research area on vegetation carbon sink according to the following formula:
CI i ＝NEP grinding (i, n) -HI i ；
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step C further comprises C3;
c3, expressing the aggregation degree of the climate weather and human activities (namely, the influence factors researched by the invention) on the vegetation carbon sink in the research area in the step C2 by adopting a local area spatial correlation index Getis-Ord Gi, identifying and counting the spatial distribution conditions (namely, a hot spot area and a cold spot area) of high-value clusters and low-value clusters at different spatial positions by taking the distance as a measurement standard, and expressing the high and low levels of the aggregation degree through z-score corresponding to the spatial positions, wherein the calculation method comprises the following steps of:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
expressing the area spatial correlation index statistical value of the pixel i of the research area, n1 expressing the number of the pixels of the research area, x j Representing the amount of carbon sink in the vegetation of pixel j that is affected by the influence factors, including weather and human activity, W ij Representing a spatial weight matrix.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the calculation method of the effective radiation of the light combination APAR (x, t) in step B1 is as follows: APAR (xt) is calculated by utilizing a vegetation net primary productivity model of light energy utilization rate, and the calculation formula is as follows:
APAR(x，t)＝PAR(x，t)×FPAR(x，t)
PAR(x，t)＝SOL(x，t)×0.5
wherein PAR (x, t) represents photosynthetically active radiation (MJ/(m) of picture element x in t months 2 Month)), FPAR (x, t) represents the photosynthetically active radiation absorption ratio of the vegetation of the pixel x in the t month, SOL (x, t) represents the total solar radiation (MJ/(m) of the pixel x in the t month 2 Month)); the constant 0.5 represents the proportion of the solar useful radiation that can be utilized by the vegetation at a wavelength of 0.38-0.71 μm to the total solar radiation.
FPAR (x, t) is calculated using the following formula:
FPAR(x，t)＝FVC×(FPAR max -FPAR min )+FPAR min ；
FPAR max and FPAR min Respectively taking the values of 0.95 and 0.001 max And NDVI min Respectively taking the maximum value and the minimum value of the NDVI in the research area; rho NIR Representing the reflectivity, p, of the near infrared band red Representing the reflectivity of a red light wave band; FVC is vegetation coverage, and adopts pixel binary model to calculate NDVI soil Representing pure bare soil pixels (in the examples, NDVI) soil May be a 95% confidence interval lower limit for the NDVI value), NDVI veg Representing purely vegetated pixels (in the examples, NDVI) soil May be the upper 95% confidence interval limit for NDVI values).
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the light energy utilization rate epsilon (x, t) of vegetation in the step B1 is calculated by the following formula:
ε(x，t)＝T ε1 (x，t)×T ε2 (x, t) × W (x, t) × 0.389; wherein T is ε1 (x, T) represents a high temperature stress coefficient, T ε2 (x, t) represents a low temperature stress coefficient, and W (x, t) represents a water stress coefficient;
T ε1 (x，t)＝0.8+0.02×T opt (x)-0.0005×[T opt (x)] 2
W(x，t)＝0.5+0.5×E(x，t)/E p (x，t)
in the formula, T opt (x) Indicating the month corresponding to the highest value of NDVI occurring during a yearMean temperature (. Degree. C.); t (x, T) is the monthly average temperature (. Degree. C.); when formulating a formula in a model, the following conditions may be set: when T (x, T) is less than or equal to-10 ℃, T ε1 (x, t) is 0; when T (x, T) is higher than the optimum temperature T opt (x) At 10 ℃ higher or 13 ℃ lower, T ε2 (x, T) is equal to T (x, T) and is the optimum temperature T opt (x) Time T ε2 Half the value of (x, t). E (x, t) represents the actual evapotranspiration (mm) of the area; e p (x, t) represents the area potential evapotranspiration (mm).
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, E (x, t) and E p The calculation method of (x, t) is as follows:
wherein P (x, t) represents t-month precipitation (mm), R n (x, t) represents the net surface radiation (mm) at t months, E p0 (x, t) represents the local latent evaporation (mm), R n (x, t) and E p0 The (x, t) calculation method is as follows:
wherein I (x) is a heat index of the annual sum, the parameter alpha (x) is a parameter related to I (x), and the relation formula of I (x) and alpha (x) is as follows:
α(x)＝[0.6751×I 3 (x)-77.1×I 2 (x)+17920×I(x)+492390]×10 -6 。
according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step B2, the annual average radiant dryness RDI is related to the possible evapotranspiration PER as follows:
RDI＝[0.629+0.237PER-0.0031PER 2 ] 2
the calculation method of the energy evapotranspiration PER comprises the following steps:
PER＝PET/P
PET＝BT×58.93
BT＝∑T/12＝∑t/365
wherein BT is the average annual biological temperature (DEG C), T is the average daily temperature (DEG C), T is the average monthly temperature (DEG C), and P is the total annual precipitation (mm).
Example two
A mining area vegetation carbon sink contribution amount calculation and analysis method based on climate potential compensation comprises the following steps:
A. constructing a test area based on the mining area, and selecting a research area from the test area;
a1, collecting remote sensing images and meteorological data in a test area, and constructing a test area image meteorological database;
in this embodiment, the urban area of the inner Mongolia autonomous region, siline Guo and Nerine Haote City, and the range of the peripheral mining area thereof are taken as central positions, and the range of 10km around the central position is taken as a research area. 30m images of Landsat satellites and 2m images of high-resolution satellites in the great city of the cylinder are downloaded and collected, and preprocessing operations such as image cutting, radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction and cloud removal are performed. The meteorological data come from a lunar data monthly data set of ground climate data of a Chinese meteorological data network, the temperature, precipitation and lunar surface net radiation data of the Mongolian autonomous region are interpolated by an inverse distance weight method, and the resolution is resampled to 30 m.
A2, fine classification of ground objects in the research area
And (3) carrying out ground object identification and fine classification on the high-resolution satellite images preprocessed in the step A1 according to Chinese land utilization classification standards (GB/T21010-2017), and dividing the research area into 7 types of grassland, forest land, cultivated land, bare land, water body, industrial and mining land and urban construction land, as shown in figure 3.
A3, selecting a contrast area based on a hierarchical support vector machine method: finely classifying land utilization in areas of the test area except for the research area based on the remote sensing images, and dividing land utilization types of the areas of the test area except for the research area into grasslands, forest lands, cultivated lands, bare lands, water bodies, industrial and mining lands and urban construction lands; extracting the areas of the test area except the research area, wherein the land utilization types are grassland, forest land and cultivated land as comparison areas, and the comparison areas comprise grassland comparison areas, forest land comparison areas and cultivated land comparison areas;
according to the result of the land utilization fine classification of the research area in the step A2, 300 pixels are respectively selected from areas of different land types as training samples, a hierarchical support vector machine (H-SVMs) model is constructed through an SVM algorithm and an RBF kernel function, the punishment coefficient C and the interval gamma are adjusted by adopting a cross validation method to improve the precision of the classification result, the classification precision is better than 85%, a comparison area is selected, and the classification result of the comparison area is shown in figure 4.
B. Soil utilization type-based control area vegetation potential carbon sink compensation value model
B1, VEGETATION true carbon sink in different control areas BASED on CASA model (see Wen-Quan Z, yao-Zhong P, jin-Shui Z, estimation 0F NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY OF Chinese TERRESTRIAL VEGETABLE GETATION BASE)
The net primary productivity of the vegetation is calculated in a CASA model of the light energy utilization rate through meteorological parameters such as air temperature, rainfall, total solar radiation of the moon and the like and a normalized vegetation index, the carbon emission amount of microbial respiration in soil is eliminated, the productivity of a net ecosystem of the vegetation, namely the true carbon sink amount of the vegetation is obtained, and the formula is as follows:
NPP1＝APAR×ε
NEP＝NPP-R H
wherein NPP1 represents net primary productivity of vegetation (gC/(m) 2 A)), APAR represents the photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the plant (gC/(m)) 2 Month)), epsilon is the real vegetation light energy utilization (gC/MJ), NEP represents the net ecosystem productivity of vegetation, i.e. the real carbon sink of vegetation (gC/(m)) 2 ·a))，R H Represents the respiration rate of soil microorganisms (gC/(m) 2 A)), wherein the vegetation true carbon sink calculation for the study area is shown in fig. 5.
B2, vegetation potential carbon sink of different control areas based on Chikugo climate productivity model
The climatic potential productivity was estimated by net radiation and dryness under radiation according to the principles of the Chikugo climatic productivity model (see document Wen c. Model Methods and Mechanisms of weather NPP estimation published only 1993.Doi:
NPP’＝0.29×[exp(-0.216×RDI)×R n ×0.45
NEP’＝NPP’-R H
in which RDI represents the annual average radiant dryness, R n Representing the net radiation (mm) obtained from the surface of the land, and, similarly, NPP' represents the net primary productivity potential for annual vegetation (gC/(m) 2 α)), NEP' represents the vegetation potential net ecosystem productivity, i.e. the vegetation potential carbon sink (gC/(m)) 2 ·a))，R H Represents the respiration rate of soil microorganisms (gC/(m) 2 A)), wherein the vegetation potential carbon sink calculation for the study area is shown in fig. 6.
B3, model of potential carbon sink compensation values of vegetation in different land use type contrast areas
Selecting typical vegetation land and object types such as forest land, cultivated land and grassland, and solving the difference value of calculation results of the CASA model and the Chikugo model in a contrast area, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
COR (i，n) ＝NEP (i，n) -NEP′ (i，n)
NPP (i，n) represents the vegetation carbon sink, NEP 'of Pixel i in the control area calculated by CASA model' (i，n) Representing the vegetation potential carbon sink, COR, of the pixel element i in the control area calculated by the Chikugo model (i，n) And the carbon sink difference value of the pixel i is calculated through two models, i represents the spatial position of the pixel in the climate control area, and n represents the vegetation type. Calculating COR of forest land, farmland and grassland respectively (i，n) Middle COR of n And the compensation value is used as the compensation value of the vegetation carbon sink in the control area. And C sink compensation values of the forest land, the cultivated land and the grassland in the control area are calculated according to the methods of the step B1 and the step B2, and are shown in the figure 7.
C. Mining area vegetation carbon sink influence quantitative calculation and analysis
C1, research area potential vegetation carbon sink correction based on compensation value model
And correcting the climate productivity of the forest land, the cultivated land and the grassland in the research area calculated by the method in the step B2 through the compensation value of the climate productivity of the comparison area, and calculating to obtain the vegetation carbon sink in an ideal state.
C2, calculating contribution amount of vegetation carbon sink influence factor in mining area
Respectively calculating vegetation carbon sink of a research area by using a CASA model and a Chikugo model, and constructing a quantitative calculation model of influences of human activities and weather meteorological conditions on the vegetation carbon sink in a mining area according to the relationship between the vegetation carbon sink in an ideal state and the vegetation carbon sink in a real state:
CI i ＝NEP-HI i
C3, mining area vegetation carbon sink influence analysis
The local area spatial correlation index Getis-Ord Gi is used for reflecting the aggregation degree of the influence of different influence factors on the vegetation carbon sink, identifying and calculating the spatial distribution conditions of high-value clusters and low-value clusters at different spatial positions by taking the distance as a measurement standard, and calculating the corresponding cold-hot spot effect by taking the influence contribution degree of human activities on the vegetation carbon sink as an example, as shown in fig. 10.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A mining area vegetation carbon sink contribution amount calculation and analysis method based on climate potential compensation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
A. constructing a test area based on the mining area, and selecting a research area from the test area;
a1, collecting remote sensing images and meteorological data in a test area, and constructing a test area image meteorological database;
a2, carrying out fine land utilization classification on a research area based on a remote sensing image, and dividing land utilization types of the research area into grasslands, forest lands, cultivated lands, bare lands, water bodies, industrial and mining lands and urban construction lands; extracting the types of land utilization from research areas, such as grasslands, forest lands and cultivated lands, wherein the research areas comprise grassland research areas, forest land research areas and cultivated land research areas;
a3, carrying out fine land utilization classification in regions except the research area of the test area based on remote sensing images, and dividing land utilization types of the regions except the research area of the test area into grassland, forest land, cultivated land, bare land, water body, industrial and mining land and urban construction land; extracting the areas of the test area except the research area, wherein the land utilization types are grassland, forest land and cultivated land as comparison areas, and the comparison areas comprise grassland comparison areas, forest land comparison areas and cultivated land comparison areas;
B. calculating the vegetation potential carbon sink compensation value of the grassland, the forest land and the cultivated land in the land utilization type of the control area:
b1, calculating the real carbon sink of the monthly vegetation in the control area based on the CASA model according to the following formula: NPP Moon cake (x, t) = APAR (x, t) × ε (x, t) =, wherein NPP Moon cake (x, t) represents net primary productivity of vegetation of the pixel x in t months, APAR (x, t) represents photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the pixel x in t months, epsilon (x, t) is the real vegetation light energy utilization rate of the pixel x in t months, x represents the spatial position of the pixel in the image, and t represents monthly degrees;
the net primary productivity of annual vegetation is calculated according to the following formula:
calculating the real carbon sink amount of the vegetation according to the following formula:
NEP＝NPP-R H ；
NEP denotes the true carbon sink of vegetation, R H Represents the respiration of soil microorganisms, and the respiration of soil microorganisms is calculated according to the Peltier model as follows:
R H =0.22 × (exp (0.0912T) + ln (0.3145r + 1)) × 30 × 46.5%, where T represents air temperature and R represents precipitation;
b2, calculating the annual climate potential productivity NPP' based on a Chikugo model according to the following formula:
NPP′＝0.29×[exp(-0.216×RDI)×R n ×0.45
R n ＝RDI×L×P
L＝(597-0.6T vr )×0.0103
in the formula, NPP' represents annual climate potential productivity, RDI represents annual average radiation dryness, R n Representing the net radiation dose obtained on the surface of the land, L representing the latent heat of evaporation, P representing the total annual precipitation, T vr Representing the annual average air temperature;
calculating the potential carbon sink amount of vegetation according to the following formula:
NEP′＝NPP′-R H ；
NEP 'represents the vegetation potential carbon sink, NPP' represents the annual vegetation potential net primary productivity, R H Represents the respiration of soil microorganisms;
b3, calculating the actual carbon sink of the vegetation with the soil utilization types of grassland, forest land and cultivated land in the control area according to the step B1, calculating the potential carbon sink of the vegetation with the soil utilization types of grassland, forest land and cultivated land in the control area according to the step B2, and calculating the difference COR according to the following method (i，n) ：
COR (i，n) ＝NEP (i，n) -NEP′ (i，n) ；NEP (i，n) Representing the actual carbon sink, NEP 'of vegetation of Pixel i in control area' (i，n) Representing vegetation potential carbon sink of a pixel element i in the control area, i representing the spatial position of the pixel element in the climate control area, and n representing the land utilization type;
respectively calculating difference COR of grassland, forest land and cultivated land in the land utilization types of the control area (i，n) And taking the median COR n As compensation value of vegetation carbon sink in the control area;
C. analyzing vegetation carbon sink influence factors in a research area:
c1, correcting and calculating by using the compensation value of the vegetation carbon sink in the control area to obtain the ideal vegetation carbon sink in the research area
c2, calculating a calculation model of the influence of climate weather and human activities in the research area on vegetation carbon sink according to the following formula:
CI i ＝NEP grinding (i, n) -HI i ；
2. The method for calculating and analyzing the mining vegetation carbon sink contribution based on climate potential compensation according to claim 1, wherein: step C also includes C3;
c3, expressing the aggregation degree of the climate weather and human activities in the research area in the step C2 on the influence of the vegetation carbon sink by adopting a local spatial correlation index Getis-Ord Gi, identifying and counting the spatial distribution conditions of high-value clusters and low-value clusters at different spatial positions by taking the distance as a measurement standard, and expressing the high and low levels of the aggregation degree through a z-score corresponding to the spatial positions, wherein the calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
expressing the area spatial correlation index statistical value of the pixel i of the research area, n1 expressing the number of the pixels of the research area, x j Represents the carbon sink of the vegetation of the pixel j, which is influenced by the influence factors including weather and human activities, W ij Representing a spatial weight matrix.
3. The method for calculating and analyzing the mining vegetation carbon sink contribution based on climate potential compensation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the method for acquiring the remote sensing image in the test area in the step A1 comprises the following steps: collecting high-resolution image data including Landsat series land resource satellite remote sensing images or domestic high-resolution satellite remote sensing images; the meteorological data source in the step A1 comprises a Chinese meteorological data network.
4. The method for calculating and analyzing the carbon sink contribution of the vegetation in the mining area based on the climate potential compensation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the fine land utilization classification method of the test area except the research area in the step A3 comprises the following steps:
and B, establishing a hierarchical support vector machine to perform fine land utilization classification on the regions of the test region except the research region according to the fine land utilization classification data of the research region in the step A2 as training samples, wherein the fine land utilization classification data comprises remote sensing images and land utilization types of the research region, the hierarchical support vector machine realizes the accurate classification of different land utilization types in a mode of constructing an optimal hyperplane, and the hierarchical support vector machine uses RBF kernel functions as a classification model of the SVM and adopts a cross validation method to adjust a penalty coefficient C and an interval gamma so as to improve the precision of classification results.
5. The method for calculating and analyzing the mining vegetation carbon sink contribution based on climate potential compensation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the calculation method of the effective radiation of light APAR (x, t) in step B1 is as follows: APAR (x, t) is calculated by using a vegetation net primary productivity model of light energy utilization, and the calculation formula is as follows:
APAR(x，t)＝PAR(x，t)×FPAR(x，t)
PAR(x，t)＝SOL(x，t)×0.5
wherein PAR (x, t) represents photosynthetically active radiation of the pixel x in the t month, FPAR (x, t) represents a vegetation photosynthetically active radiation absorption ratio of the pixel x in the t month, SOL (x, t) represents the total solar radiation of the pixel x in the t month;
FPAR (x, t) is calculated using the following formula:
FPAR(x，t)＝FVC×(FPAR max -FPAR min )+FPAR min ；
FPAR max and FPAR min The values are 0.95 and 0.001 respectively; ρ is a unit of a gradient NIR Representing the reflectivity, p, of the near infrared band red Representing the reflectivity of a red light wave band; FVC is vegetation coverage, and adopts pixel binary model to calculate NDVI soil Representing pure bare soil pixels, NDVI veg Representing pure vegetation pixels.
6. The method for calculating and analyzing the mining vegetation carbon sink contribution based on climate potential compensation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the light energy utilization rate epsilon (x, t) of the vegetation in the step B1 is calculated by the following formula:
ε(x，t)＝T ε1 (x，t)×T ε2 (x, t) × W (x, t) × 0.389; wherein T is ε1 (x, T) represents a high temperature stress coefficient, T ε2 (x, t) represents a low temperature stress coefficient, and W (x, t) represents a water stress coefficient;
T ε1 (x，t)＝0.8+0.02×T opt (x)-0.0005×[T opt (x)] 2
W(x，t)＝0.5+0.5×E(x，t)/E p (x，t)
in the formula, T opt (x) Represents the average temperature of the corresponding month at which the highest value of NDVI occurs during the year; t (x, T) is the monthly average temperature; e (x, t) represents the actual evapotranspiration of the region; e p (x, t) represents the amount of area potential evapotranspiration.
7. The method for calculating and analyzing the carbon sink contribution of the vegetation in the mining area based on the climate potential compensation of claim 6, wherein: e (x, t) and E p The calculation method of (x, t) is as follows:
wherein P (x, t) represents the precipitation at t months, R n (x, t) represents the net surface radiation at t months, E p0 (x, t) represents the local latent evaporation amount, R n (x, t) and E p0 The (x, t) calculation method is as follows:
wherein I (x) is a heat index of the annual sum, the parameter alpha (x) is a parameter related to I (x), and the relation formula of I (x) and alpha (x) is as follows:
α(x)＝[0.6751×I 3 (x)-77.1×I 2 (x)+17920×I(x)+492390]×10 -6 。
8. the method for calculating and analyzing the carbon sink contribution of the vegetation in the mining area based on the climate potential compensation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in step B2, the annual average radiant dryness RDI is related to the possible evapotranspiration PER as follows:
RDI＝[0.629+0.237PER-0.0031PER 2 ] 2
the calculation method of the probable evapotranspiration PER is as follows:
PER＝PET/P
PET＝BT×58.93
BT＝∑T/12＝∑t/365
wherein BT is the average annual biological temperature, T is the average daily temperature, T is the average monthly temperature, and P is the total annual precipitation.
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