CN115564087A - Method, system, device and storage medium for identifying and optimizing regional ecological network - Google Patents
Method, system, device and storage medium for identifying and optimizing regional ecological network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a system, a device and a storage medium for identifying and optimizing a regional ecological network, wherein the method comprises the following steps: carrying out ecological space division on an area to be researched; extracting an ecological source area according to the ecological space obtained by division, and grading the ecological source area; acquiring an ecological corridor according to an ecological source area, and grading the ecological corridor; acquiring ecological strategic points according to an ecological source area and an ecological corridor; constructing the topology of the ecological network, and analyzing the stability characteristics of the ecological network; and taking the ecological source as a surface, taking the ecological corridor as a line, taking the ecological strategic points as points, and combining the stability characteristics of the constructed ecological network to obtain the final comprehensive ecological network. The invention constructs a more perfect 'source region-corridor-strategic point-stability' comprehensive ecological network, has strong comprehensive multi-target ecological system service function, more perfect morphological structure and dynamic stability for resisting damage, and can be widely applied to the technical field of ecological planning and management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological planning and management, in particular to a method, a system, a device and a storage medium for identifying and optimizing a regional ecological network.
Background
Ecosystem services reflect the functionality of an ecosystem. Through comprehensive and quantitative drawing of ecosystem service analysis, a suggestion with scientific basis can be provided for the formulation and management practice of the regional protection policy. The scientific and accurate identification of the regional ecological network is an important way for effectively recognizing the regional potential biological migration and energy flow and connecting important habitat plaques. The identification of the concerned regional ecological network is also one of the methods for scientifically exploring the overall protection and construction of regional ecology, and the ecological network takes the integrity of an ecological system, the continuity of geographic units and the sustainability of social development into overall consideration and is one of the important tasks under the current homeland space planning background.
The traditional ecological network identification construction system is relatively mature, and a basic construction paradigm of 'determining an ecological source place, establishing an ecological resistance surface and selecting an ecological corridor' is formed. With the update of scientific technology, models available for selection in a specific identification link are continuously updated, but most of the models identify an ecological network from a single landscape pattern element and do not pay attention to the functionality of the network.
On the other hand, under the development of landscape ecology, the ecological network realizes the relation between ecological processes and functions in ecological space, and the connotation of bringing the ecosystem service into the construction and identification of the ecological network is consistent with the important research paradigm of 'pattern-process-function' in landscape ecology. The identification system of the ecological network is not only formed by the basic elements of the traditional source place and corridor, but also provides a new way for further optimizing the identification system of the ecological network by the respective introduction of the circuit theory and the complex network theory, but the identification of the ecological network under the fusion of multiple disciplines is still further explored. Therefore, the existing ecological network identification technology is insufficient, and on one hand, the quantification of the ecosystem service function is not brought into the traditional identification starting from a single morphological structure; on the other hand, each link in the identification process is respectively introduced with a new research theory, but the new research theory is not integrated to form a system which is more perfect than the traditional 'source place-corridor' basic ecological network.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve at least one of the technical problems in the prior art to a certain extent, the present invention provides a method, a system, a device and a storage medium for identifying and optimizing a local area ecological network.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for identifying and optimizing a regional ecological network comprises the following steps:
according to the optimization result of the service function superposition plane of the multi-scenario ecosystem, dividing an ecological space of a region to be researched to obtain an important ecological space, a general ecological space and a non-ecological space;
analyzing and extracting an ecological source area according to the ecological space morphological spatial pattern obtained by division, and grading the ecological source area;
acquiring an ecological corridor according to an ecological source area, and grading the ecological corridor;
acquiring ecological strategic points according to the ecological source areas and the ecological corridors, and grading the ecological strategic points;
constructing the topology of the ecological network, and analyzing the stability characteristics of the ecological network;
and taking the ecological source as a surface, taking the ecological corridor as a line, taking the ecological strategic points as points, and combining the stability characteristics of the constructed ecological network to obtain the final comprehensive ecological network.
Further, the dividing of the ecological space of the area to be researched comprises:
acquiring an area to be researched, and selecting ecosystem service and quantitative indexes closely related to the area to be researched according to the environmental characteristics and the main ecological problems of the area to be researched;
normalizing each ecosystem service to obtain regional space distribution contributing to each ecosystem service;
through GeoOS model surface optimization calculation under different ecosystem service weight scenes of a basic weighting interval, grid superposition is carried out on surface optimization results of all ecosystem service weight superposition scene calculation under the basic weighting interval, grids in a region are defined as the frequency of an ecological space in all scenes and serve as an ecological space importance grading basis, and the ecological space of a to-be-researched region is divided into three grades of an important ecological space, a common ecological space and a non-ecological space.
Further, the extracting the ecological source place according to the ecological space obtained by dividing and grading the ecological source place comprises:
and performing morphological spatial pattern analysis according to the obtained important ecological space and the general ecological space, extracting a core area in the important ecological space as an important ecological source place of the regional ecological network, and extracting a core area in the general ecological space as a general ecological source place of the regional ecological network.
Further, the acquiring of the ecological corridor according to the ecological source area and the grading of the ecological corridor comprise:
setting different land utilization type basic resistance values according to the obtained important ecological source land and the common ecological source land, and correcting by combining the night light intensity to obtain an ecological resistance surface;
inputting the ecological source area and the ecological resistance surface into Linkage Mapper software, identifying ecological flow channels for species migration and diffusion, obtaining a minimum cost distance path by simulating the ecological flow flowing through the ecological resistance surface, mapping the ecological source area in the ecological corridor connection area, and correspondingly dividing the ecological source area into an important ecological corridor and a common ecological corridor according to the important grade of the corridor connection ecological source area.
Further, the acquiring the ecological strategic points according to the ecological source area and the ecological corridor and grading the ecological strategic points comprises:
according to the obtained two-stage ecological source area and the two-stage ecological corridor, a Linkage calling circumtscape plug-in is carried out by utilizing a Linkage Mapper software tool box, ecological pinch points with good connectivity on the network and ecological Barrier points capable of effectively improving the connectivity on the network through restoration are identified through a Pinchpoint Mapper module and a Barrier Mapper module respectively, grading is carried out based on the importance degree of the ecological corridor where the ecological Barrier points and the ecological pinch points are located, and the ecological Barrier points and the ecological pinch points are used as ecological strategic points of the network.
Further, the constructing the topology of the ecological network and analyzing the stability characteristics of the ecological network includes:
based on a complex network theory, extracting nodes which are used for abstractively considering ecology in an ecological network as sending edges in the network, and edges which are used for considering ecological galleries as connection between construction points and points of the network, importing the nodes into a network analysis tool Pajek software to generate an analysis network, obtaining the maximum connected subgraph number and the continuous change process of the global efficiency value after the nodes of the network are continuously removed under two destruction scenes of random attack and deliberate attack through iterative computation, and correspondingly analyzing the stability characteristics of the ecological network.
Further, the step of obtaining a final comprehensive ecological network by taking the ecological source as a surface, taking the ecological corridor as a line, taking the ecological strategic points as points and combining the constructed ecological network stability characteristics includes:
and (4) combining to obtain a spatial layout of hierarchical and mutual interweaving importance degrees of three elements of a plane, a line and a point consisting of an ecological source area, an ecological corridor and an ecological strategic point and a regional ecological network composite system organically combining overall stability cognition, and finally obtaining a comprehensive ecological network.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a regional ecological network identification optimization system, comprising:
the ecological space dividing module is used for dividing the ecological space of the area to be researched to obtain an important ecological space, a general ecological space and a non-ecological space;
the ecological source place grading module is used for extracting an ecological source place according to the ecological space obtained by division and grading the ecological source place;
the ecological corridor grading module is used for obtaining an ecological corridor according to an ecological source area and grading the ecological corridor;
the ecological strategic point identification grading module is used for acquiring ecological strategic points according to the ecological source area and the ecological corridor and grading the ecological strategic points;
the ecological network construction module is used for constructing the topology of the ecological network and analyzing the stability characteristics of the ecological network;
and the comprehensive network generation module is used for taking the ecological source ground as a surface, taking the ecological corridor as a line, taking the ecological strategic points as points and combining the constructed ecological network stability characteristics to obtain the final comprehensive ecological network.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a regional ecological network identification optimization device, comprising:
at least one processor;
at least one memory for storing at least one program;
when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to implement the method described above.
The invention adopts another technical scheme that:
a computer readable storage medium in which a processor executable program is stored, which when executed by a processor is for performing the method as described above.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: the invention further supplements the original ecological network identification process method and system construction, constructs a more perfect 'source place-gallery-strategic point-stability' comprehensive ecological network, forms a spatial layout with three elements of hierarchical and mutual interweaved importance degree formed by the ecological source place, the ecological gallery and the ecological strategic point obtained from the surface, the line and the point, and a regional ecological network composite system with integrated stability cognition and organic combination, and has strong comprehensive multi-target ecological system service function, more perfect morphological structure and dynamic stability against damage.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description is made on the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention or the related technical solutions in the prior art, and it should be understood that the drawings in the following description are only for convenience and clarity of describing some embodiments in the technical solutions of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for identifying and optimizing a regional ecological network based on ecosystem service evaluation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a spatial distribution diagram of service function evaluation of individual ecosystem according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an ecological space distribution result diagram of the scenario extraction optimized by all the surfaces of the ecosystem service multi-scenario target oriented obtained in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an ecological space hierarchy diagram of superposition of optimization results of multiple scenario target oriented surfaces of the ecosystem service obtained in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the measure of stability of the optimized ecological network obtained in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a spatial layout diagram of the optimized ecological network "source region-gallery-strategic point" obtained by superposition in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for identifying and optimizing a local ecological network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The step numbers in the following embodiments are provided only for convenience of illustration, the order between the steps is not limited at all, and the execution order of each step in the embodiments can be adapted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings only for the convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality of means is one or more, the meaning of a plurality of means is two or more, and larger, smaller, larger, etc. are understood as excluding the number, and larger, smaller, inner, etc. are understood as including the number. If there is a description of first and second for the purpose of distinguishing technical features only, this is not to be understood as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.
As shown in fig. 7, this embodiment provides a method for identifying and optimizing a regional ecological network, which includes determining service evaluation indexes of a main ecological system in a region, performing individual quantitative calculation through modules corresponding to InVEST software, selecting a comprehensive calculation method for unifying service dimensions of various ecological systems, using a plane optimization module in GeoSOS software, taking an evaluation result of the ecological system service as a suitability analysis factor in the module, and obtaining ecological space distribution of the region by combining module compactness analysis; performing Morphological Spatial Pattern (MSPA) analysis by using GuidosToolBox software, extracting a core area in a high ecosystem service importance grading ecological space as an ecological source of an area, and grading the importance of the area; identifying and grading the regional potential ecological galleries through Linkage Mapper software, communicating each source, and forming a graded 'source-gallery' basic potential ecological network considering functions and morphological structures; then further optimizing the regional ecological network, extracting 'ecological pinch points' of a high connection region and 'ecological barrier points' of a barrier region as ecological strategic points by combining a circuit theory through a Linkage Mapper, and refining the pattern of a punctate layer in the ecological network; and finally, based on robustness analysis in a complex network theory, network topology extraction is carried out on the spatial ecological network through Pajek software, R language programming software is called to carry out stability index calculation under different attack scene simulation on the network stability, the overall stability characteristics of the ecological network are analyzed, an ecological network identification system of 'origin-corridor-strategic point-stability' after basic network optimization is developed, and a referable scientific quantification method and system are provided for protecting ecological functions and patterns in an optimized area. The method is scientific, universal and reproducible in steps, is suitable for quantitative evaluation of ecological protection importance and ecological protection priority area identification under a specific time frame in any area, and provides theoretical basis and technical support for ecological protection zoning decision and ecological management. The method comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing an ecological space of a region to be researched to obtain an important ecological space, a general ecological space and a non-ecological space.
Firstly, a research area is selected, and according to the environmental characteristics and the main ecological problems of the area, the specific ecosystem service function, the corresponding quantitative index and the calculation method which are closely related to the research area are selected. And carrying out normalization treatment on various ecosystem services to obtain regional space distribution which has outstanding contribution to various ecosystem services in the supply angle. GeoOS model plane optimization calculation under different ecosystem service weight situations with equal basic weighting intervals is set, plane optimization results of all ecosystem service weight superposition situation calculation under the basic weighting intervals are subjected to grid superposition, the frequency of grids in a region defined as ecological space in all situations is used as ecological space importance grading basis, and the ecological space in a research area is divided into 3 grades: important ecological spaces, general ecological spaces and non-ecological spaces. In this embodiment, the time cost and the calculation effect are considered comprehensively, and 0.25 is selected as the basic weighting interval, it should be noted that a smaller basic difference, for example, 0.2, 0.1, may be set for higher accuracy; all weight superposition scenes in the interval are calculated by setting a certain minimum unit interval, and the smaller the basic interval is, the more the superposition scene types are.
It should be noted here that, the ecological space extraction based on the ecosystem service in this step is not a pure equal weight superposition, but a spatial distribution of a region mainly contributed by the regional integrated ecosystem service is obtained by superposing the surface optimization results under the guidance of the multi-scenario target, and the importance of the ecological space is ranked based on the frequency of the grid in the region being defined as the ecological space in all situations.
As an optional implementation manner, step S1 specifically includes: firstly, a research area is selected, and according to the characteristics of an ecosystem in the area, main influence factors of the ecological environment, core ecological problems and relevant literature induction and policy interpretation, specific ecosystem service functions, corresponding quantitative indexes and a calculation method which are closely related to the ecological environment are selected. Normalizing the calculation results of the various ecosystem services, wherein the value ranges of the normalized results are all 0-1, and specifically evaluating the levels of various indexes to obtain the regional space distribution which has outstanding contribution to the various ecosystem services in the supply angle. Setting different ecosystem service weight superposition coefficients of equal basic weighting intervals to represent multi-ecosystem service target guide scenes, and expanding GeoSes model surface optimization calculation of all superposition scenes under the basic weighting intervals to obtain optimal ecological space distribution under different scene target guide. Grid superposition is carried out on all the optimization results, the frequency of grids in the region which are defined as ecological space in all situations is used as an ecological space importance grading basis, and the more the frequency is, the higher the comprehensive ecological system service level of the grid is proved to be, the more important the comprehensive ecological system service level is; what is not defined as an ecological space in all situations is a non-ecological space. Namely, the ecological space of the research area is divided into 3 grades: important ecological space, general ecological space and non-ecological space, so that ecological space distribution with regional and functional high ecological system service level is extracted. The standardized processing method of the ecosystem service is as follows:
in the formula, N i Representing the normalized value, X, of grid i i Actual value of ecosystem service, X, representing grid i min Representative of the actual value range of the area of investigationMinimum value of (2), X max Representing the maximum value within the actual value range of the study area. And taking the standardized ecosystem service as a main evaluation basis for classified extraction of the ecological space.
S2, extracting an ecological source area according to the ecological space obtained by division, and grading the ecological source area.
And (2) performing morphological spatial pattern analysis according to the important ecological space obtained in the step (S1) and the general ecological space of the integrated built-up area of the adjacent area, extracting a core area in the important ecological space as an important ecological source of the regional ecological network, and extracting a core area in the general ecological space as a general ecological source of the regional ecological network. Thus, through the steps S1 and S2, an ecological patch having a functionally high ecosystem service level and a morphologically high connectivity core area is extracted as an ecological source of the area, and the importance of the ecological source is classified.
As an optional implementation manner, step S2 specifically includes: performing morphological spatial pattern analysis according to the important ecological space obtained in the step S1 and the general ecological space of the integrated built-up area of the adjacent area, and extracting the core area as the ecological source area when the core area is taken as the ecological source area to reduce the fragmentation of the ecological source area 2 Independent spot subtraction of (2). Extracting a core area in the important ecological space as an important ecological source area of the regional ecological network, and extracting a common ecological space core area adjacent to the integrally built area as a common ecological source area of the regional ecological network.
And S3, acquiring the ecological corridor according to the ecological source area, and grading the ecological corridor.
Setting different land utilization type basic resistance values according to the important ecological source land and the common ecological source land obtained in the step S2, correcting by combining night light intensity to obtain an ecological resistance surface, inputting the ecological source land and the ecological resistance surface into Linkage Mapper software, identifying ecological flow channels of species migration diffusion, obtaining a minimum cost distance path by simulating the ecological flow to flow through the ecological resistance surface, mapping the ecological source land in an ecological corridor connection area, and correspondingly dividing the ecological source land into an important ecological corridor and a common ecological corridor according to the important grade of the corridor connection ecological source land.
As an optional implementation manner, step S3 specifically includes: setting different land utilization type basic resistance values (in the step, the setting of the resistance values is relative rather than absolute values, the minimum resistance 1 is recommended, the maximum resistance is at least 100), combining night light intensity correction to obtain an ecological resistance surface, inputting the ecological source area obtained in the step S2 and the corrected ecological resistance surface into a Build Network and Map links toolbox module of Link Map software, identifying ecological flow channels with species migration and diffusion, obtaining a minimum cost distance path connected between the ecological source areas by simulating the ecological flow channels in the area, mapping the ecological source area in the area connected with the ecological corridor, and correspondingly dividing the ecological source area into an important ecological corridor and a common ecological corridor according to the importance level of the ecological source area connected with the ecological corridor. Thereby extracting potential ecological galleries connecting areas having outstanding contribution to regional ecosystem services and grading the importance of the ecological galleries.
And S4, acquiring the ecological strategic points according to the ecological source area and the ecological corridor, and grading the ecological strategic points.
And according to the two-stage ecological source area and the two-stage ecological corridor obtained in the steps S2 and S3, utilizing a Linkage calling circuit plugin by using a Link Mapper software tool kit, respectively identifying ecological pinch points with better network connectivity and ecological Barrier points capable of effectively improving network connectivity through restoration by using two modules, namely a Pinchpoint Mapper module and a Barrier Mapper module, grading based on the importance degree of the ecological corridor where the ecological pinch points are located, and integrating the Barrier points and the pinch points as the ecological strategic points of the network. And obtaining the ecological strategic points of regional classification and importance level grading.
S5, constructing the topology of the ecological network, and analyzing the stability characteristics of the ecological network.
Based on a complex network theory, an ecological source in an ecological network can be abstractly regarded as a node (vertex) sending out an edge in the network, an ecological corridor can be regarded as a building point of the network, and the edge (line) connected with the point is extracted, a large-scale complex network analysis tool Pajek software is introduced to generate an analysis network, R language programming software is called to obtain a maximum connected subgraph number and a continuous change process of a global efficiency value after the node is continuously removed by the network under two destruction scenes of random attack and deliberate attack through programming iterative computation, and the stability characteristic of the ecological network is correspondingly analyzed.
And S6, taking the ecological source as a surface, taking the ecological corridor as a line, taking the ecological strategic points as points, and combining the constructed ecological network stability characteristics to obtain a final comprehensive ecological network.
And (5) obtaining a spatial layout of the hierarchical and mutual interweaved importance degrees of three elements of a surface, a line and a point, which are composed of an ecological source place, an ecological corridor and an ecological strategic point, based on the steps S2, S3 and S4, and a regional ecological network composite system organically combining the overall stability cognition. Finally, the comprehensive ecological network which is more optimized than the traditional ecological network in terms of identification hierarchy system and is 'source area-corridor-strategic point-stability' is obtained.
The above-described method is explained in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
In this embodiment, a hong kong and australia gulf area is selected as a research area, and a method for identifying and optimizing a regional ecological network based on ecosystem service evaluation is shown in fig. 1, and includes the following steps:
step one, ecological space grading extraction based on ecological system service multi-scenario target oriented surface optimization.
Firstly, confirming that a Guangdong, hongkong, australia Bay area is a research area, selecting specific ecosystem service functions closely related to the ecological system service functions of the research area according to the characteristics of the regional ecosystem, main influence factors of the ecological environment, core ecological problems, the summary of related regional ecosystem service research documents, the interpretation of policies such as 'ecological protection red line marking guide' and 'national ecological function division', and the like as well as biological diversity maintenance, climate regulation, water source conservation and soil conservation, respectively carrying out quantitative calculation on the service levels of the 4 ecosystems by selecting corresponding modules in an ecosystem service and transaction comprehensive evaluation InVEST model, wherein required data and specific application indexes are detailed in a table 1, and a calculation method of the corresponding modules in the InVEST model is shown in a table 2. Adopting a 'maximum-minimum' normalization standard processing method, see formula 1, mapping result quantities of different ecosystem service index evaluations to a range of 0-1 through calculation processing in ArcGIS:
in the formula, N i Representing the normalized value, X, of grid i i Actual value of ecosystem service, X, representing grid i min Represents the minimum value, X, in the actual range of values in the investigation region max Representing the maximum value within the range of actual values for the area under investigation.
The results of each index are specifically evaluated to obtain the regional spatial distribution which has a prominent contribution to various ecosystem services in the supply angle, as shown in fig. 2. Taking the four ecosystem service indexes as ecological suitability input factors in a GeoSOS plane optimization module, formulating all weight superposition scenes of the four ecosystem services under the difference value based on a basic weight difference value of 0.25, and obtaining ecosystem service supply targets under 29 different weight scenes as optimization target superposition functions, wherein the optimization target superposition functions are shown in a table 2. The surface optimization under 29 scenes is respectively carried out to obtain the optimal ecological space dividing result of different scene targets, and the extraction space distribution of ecological spaces under different ecosystem service side guide is realized, as shown in fig. 3. Grid superposition is carried out on all the optimization results, the frequency of grids in the region which are defined as ecological space in all situations is used as an ecological space importance grading basis, the maximization of the service benefit of the comprehensive ecological system is realized, the importance grading is carried out on the ecological space in the research area, the more the frequency is, the higher the grid is extracted as the ecological space under the side redirection of various ecological system services is, and the more important the comprehensive ecological system service level of the grid is; the less frequent the occurrence, the lower the integrated ecosystem service level of the grid is in the regional ecological space; what is not defined as an ecological space in all situations is a non-ecological space. Namely, the ecological space of the research area is divided into 3 grades: an important ecological space, a general ecological space and a non-ecological space, as shown in fig. 4. The important ecological space and the general ecological space are the important basis for extracting the ecological source land in the bay area later, so that the service function utility of the multiple ecological systems of the ecological source land is clear.
TABLE 1 data sources and application indicators
TABLE 2 evaluation index and method for ecosystem service
TABLE 3 overlay weights under different ecosystem service optimization scenario object oriented
And step two, extracting a core area of an important ecological space and a part of a common ecological space as an ecological source area based on morphological spatial pattern analysis.
Reclassifying the important ecological space obtained in the step one and the general ecological space of the integrated built-up area of the adjacent area through Arcgis, setting the ecological space as a foreground grid, setting the rest non-ecological space as a background grid, obtaining a binary grid image, and importing the binary grid image into GuidosToolbThe ox (GTB) software performs morphological spatial pattern analysis. The foreground grids are classified into seven categories according to morphological characteristics through image processing, wherein a core area is a large-scale plaque in a foreground pixel element, provides a complete habitat or a migration destination for organisms, is a source of various ecological processes, and is an ecological source place in an ecological network. In order to reduce the fragmentation of the ecological source area, when the classified core area is extracted as the ecological source area, the area is less than 1km 2 The core area in the important ecological space is extracted as the important ecological source place of the regional ecological network, and the core area in the general ecological space is extracted as the general ecological source place of the regional ecological network. By the steps I and II, ecological patches of the core area with high aggregation and high connectivity after the regional integrated high-integrated ecosystem service level and the morphological optimization are extracted as the ecological source areas of the region, and the importance of the ecological source areas is graded.
And step three, identifying and grading the ecological corridor based on the Linkage Mapper.
Setting different land utilization type basic resistance values of the bay area according to the important ecological source area and the common ecological source area obtained in the third step (in the step, the setting of the resistance values is relative rather than absolute values, the minimum resistance 1 is recommended, the maximum resistance is at least 100), obtaining an ecological resistance surface by combining night light intensity correction of the bay area, inputting the bay area ecological source area obtained in the second step and the corrected bay area ecological resistance surface into a Build Network and Map links toolbox module of Link Mapper software, simulating an ecological flow channel of species migration diffusion, obtaining a minimum cost distance path by simulating the ecological flow flowing through the ecological resistance surface, mapping the ecological source area in the ecological corridor connection area, correspondingly dividing the ecological source area into an important ecological corridor and a common ecological corridor according to the important grade of the corridor connection ecological source area of the corridor, connecting the ecological corridor of the important ecological source area, and dividing the ecological corridor into the energy flow and the material exchange between the high comprehensive ecological system service horizontal areas, thereby dividing the ecological corridor into the important ecological corridor; and correspondingly dividing a general ecological corridor in the same way. Potential ecological galleries which connect areas having outstanding contribution to regional ecosystem services are extracted and the importance of the ecological galleries is graded.
Step four, classifying, identifying and grading the ecological strategic points in the ecological corridor based on the Circuitscape
According to the two-stage ecological source area and the two-stage ecological corridor in the bay area obtained in the second step and the third step, a Linkage calling circuit card is utilized by combining a circuit theory and utilizing a Link Mapper software tool box, ecological pinch points with better network connectivity and ecological Barrier points capable of effectively improving the network connectivity through restoration are identified through a Pinchpoint Mapper module and a Barrier Mapper module respectively, grading is carried out based on the importance degree of the ecological corridor, and the ecological strategic points on the important ecological corridor are related to the relative efficiency height and the difficulty degree of energy flow and material exchange in the ecological corridor between high comprehensive ecological system service horizontal areas, so that the important ecological pinch points and the important ecological Barrier points are correspondingly divided; and correspondingly dividing a common ecological pinch point and a common ecological barrier point in the same way, and integrating the identified barrier point and the pinch point as an ecological strategic point of the network. And obtaining the ecological strategic points of classifying the gulf regions and grading the importance.
Step five, extracting the ecological network topology and measuring the stability based on the complex network theory
Based on a complex network theory, the ecology source in the bay area network is abstractly regarded as a node (vertex) emitting an edge in the network, the ecology corridor is regarded as a construction point of the network, and the edge (line) connected with the point is subjected to topology extraction, a large-scale complex network analysis tool Pajek software is introduced to generate the bay area topology analysis network, stability analysis based on a robust model is carried out, R language programming software is called to obtain a network stability measure index after the network continuously removes the node under two damage situations of random attack and deliberate attack through programming iterative computation, namely a continuous change process of a maximum connected subgraph number and a global efficiency value, and the overall stability characteristic of the bay area ecological network is correspondingly analyzed, as shown in FIG. 5.
Step six, generating a comprehensive ecological network of 'source ground-corridor-strategic point-stability' in a research area
And obtaining a spatial layout of the face, line and point formed by the ecological source land, the ecological corridor and the ecological strategic points in the bay area by grading and mutually interweaving the importance degrees based on the second step, the third step and the fourth step, as shown in fig. 6, and obtaining a bay area ecological network composite system organically combining the overall stability cognition. Finally, a comprehensive ecological network system of 'source place-gallery-strategic point-stability' in the bay area which is more optimized than the identification hierarchy of the traditional ecological network is obtained.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the implementation method has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) The invention combines ecological function and morphological pattern to optimize the identification process and the construction hierarchy of the traditional ecological network. The method comprises the steps of firstly knowing the spatial distribution with high contribution to the regional ecosystem service through the quantitative result of the ecosystem service evaluation, bringing the specific quantitative result into the initial identification step of the ecological network, enabling the ecological space to be more deeply recognized as the background of the regional ecological function through extraction, performing optimization calculation under different ecosystem service weight situations with equal weighting intervals in the process, and overlapping all possible criterion weight calculation results under the weighting intervals. The method simulates the extraction of the ecological system service importance centralized protection priority area under different scenes, thereby avoiding the problem of too many subjective components of the decision result combined with a subjective weighting method or direct equal weighting superposition in the prior art, providing a visual and visible ecological system service optimization multi-target guiding ecological space extraction result under the scenes of different decision weight coefficients for a decision maker, and being beneficial to improving the ecological management decision level. Meanwhile, the frequency of the ecological space which is defined in all situations is provided as an importance grading basis of the ecological space, various ecological system services with different dimensions are integrated together and converted into gradable indexes, the space priority is divided on the basis, and the area is divided into 3 grades: important ecological spaces, general ecological spaces and non-ecological spaces. The importance degree of the ecological space has quantitative grading, a basis is provided for the importance degree grading of subsequent ecological source places, ecological galleries and ecological strategic points, the principle of ecological priority is embodied, and valuable technical guidance is provided for the decision of classifying natural resource management and ecological protection under multiple scenes in ecological planning and management.
(2) The invention develops further supplement to the construction of the original ecological network identification process method and system by quantitatively identifying and exploring ecological strategic points and ecological network stability in the ecological network on the basis of recognizing and exploring the ecological network only from two hierarchical systems of 'source place-corridor', constructs a more perfect 'source place-corridor-strategic point-stability' comprehensive ecological network, forms a plane, a line and a point to obtain a spatial layout of three-element importance level grading and mutual interweaving consisting of the ecological source place, the ecological corridor and the ecological strategic points, and a regional ecological network composite system of overall stability cognition and organic combination, and has strong comprehensive multi-target ecological system service function, more perfect morphological structure and dynamic stability of resisting damage. Meanwhile, the steps of the method are scientific, universal and reproducible, and the data processing and the spatial analysis related to the process can be realized through InVEST, arcGIS, geoSOS, guidosToolbox, linkage Mapper, circuitscape, pajek and R language programming software which are widely used in various fields such as ecology, geography, planning and the like at present, so that the method is suitable for the importance of ecological space in a research area, the scientific quantitative identification measure of an ecological network and the classification space identification and the strategy discussion of an ecological protection and restoration priority area at the whole level under a specific time frame in any area.
The embodiment further provides a system for identifying and optimizing a regional ecological network, which includes:
the ecological space dividing module is used for dividing the ecological space of the area to be researched to obtain an important ecological space, a general ecological space and a non-ecological space;
the ecological source land grading module is used for extracting an ecological source land according to the ecological space obtained by division and grading the ecological source land;
the ecological corridor grading module is used for obtaining an ecological corridor according to an ecological source area and grading the ecological corridor;
the strategic point identification module is used for acquiring ecological strategic points according to the ecological source area and the ecological corridor;
the ecological network construction module is used for constructing the topology of the ecological network and analyzing the stability characteristics of the ecological network;
and the comprehensive network generation module is used for taking the ecological source ground as a surface, taking the ecological corridor as a line, taking the ecological strategic points as points and combining the constructed ecological network stability characteristics to obtain the final comprehensive ecological network.
The system for identifying and optimizing the regional ecological network can execute the method for identifying and optimizing the regional ecological network provided by the embodiment of the method, can execute any combination of the implementation steps of the embodiment of the method, and has corresponding functions and beneficial effects of the method.
The embodiment further provides a device for identifying and optimizing the regional ecological network, which includes:
at least one processor;
at least one memory for storing at least one program;
when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to implement the method of fig. 7.
The device for identifying and optimizing the regional ecological network can execute the method for identifying and optimizing the regional ecological network provided by the embodiment of the method, can execute any combination of the implementation steps of the embodiment of the method, and has corresponding functions and beneficial effects of the method.
The embodiment of the application also discloses a computer program product or a computer program, which comprises computer instructions, and the computer instructions are stored in a computer readable storage medium. The computer instructions may be read by a processor of a computer device from a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer instructions executed by the processor cause the computer device to perform the method illustrated in fig. 7.
The present embodiment further provides a storage medium, which stores an instruction or a program for executing the method for identifying and optimizing a local area ecological network provided by the method embodiment of the present invention, and when the instruction or the program is executed, the method may be executed by any combination of the method embodiments, and the method has corresponding functions and advantages.
In alternative embodiments, the functions/acts noted in the block diagrams may occur out of the order noted in the operational illustrations. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved. Furthermore, the embodiments presented and described in the flow charts of the present invention are provided by way of example in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the technology. The disclosed methods are not limited to the operations and logic flows presented herein. Alternative embodiments are contemplated in which the order of various operations is changed, and in which sub-operations described as part of larger operations are performed independently.
Furthermore, although the present invention is described in the context of functional modules, it should be understood that, unless otherwise stated to the contrary, one or more of the described functions and/or features may be integrated in a single physical device and/or software module, or one or more functions and/or features may be implemented in a separate physical device or software module. It will also be understood that a detailed discussion of the actual implementation of each module is not necessary for an understanding of the present invention. Rather, the actual implementation of the various functional modules in the apparatus disclosed herein will be understood within the ordinary skill of an engineer, given the nature, function, and internal relationship of the modules. Accordingly, those skilled in the art can, using ordinary skill, practice the invention as set forth in the claims without undue experimentation. It is also to be understood that the specific concepts disclosed are merely illustrative of and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is to be determined from the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention or a part thereof which substantially contributes to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., an ordered listing of executable instructions that can be considered to implement logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, the computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It should be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following technologies, which are well known in the art, may be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combinational logic gate circuit, a Programmable Gate Array (PGA), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.
In the foregoing description of the specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment/example," "another embodiment/example," or "certain embodiments/examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for identifying and optimizing a regional ecological network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dividing an ecological space of a region to be researched to obtain an important ecological space, a general ecological space and a non-ecological space;
extracting an ecological source area according to the ecological space obtained by division, and grading the ecological source area;
acquiring an ecological corridor according to an ecological source area, and grading the ecological corridor;
acquiring ecological strategic points according to an ecological source area and an ecological corridor, and grading the ecological corridor;
constructing the topology of the ecological network, and analyzing the stability characteristics of the ecological network;
and taking the ecological source as a surface, taking the ecological corridor as a line, taking the ecological strategic points as points, and combining the stability characteristics of the constructed ecological network to obtain the final comprehensive ecological network.
2. The method for identifying and optimizing the regional ecological network according to claim 1, wherein the dividing the ecological space of the region to be researched comprises:
acquiring an area to be researched, and selecting ecosystem service and quantitative indexes closely related to the area to be researched according to the environmental characteristics and the main ecological problems of the area to be researched;
normalizing each ecosystem service to obtain regional space distribution contributing to each ecosystem service; through GeoOS model surface optimization calculation under different ecosystem service weight scenes of a basic weighting interval, grid superposition is carried out on surface optimization results of all ecosystem service weight superposition scene calculation under the basic weighting interval, grids in a region are defined as the frequency of an ecological space in all scenes and serve as an ecological space importance grading basis, and the ecological space of a to-be-researched region is divided into three grades of an important ecological space, a common ecological space and a non-ecological space.
3. The method for identifying and optimizing the regional ecological network according to claim 1, wherein the extracting the ecological source place according to the ecological space obtained by dividing and grading the ecological source place comprises:
and performing morphological spatial pattern analysis according to the obtained important ecological space and the general ecological space, extracting a core area in the important ecological space as an important ecological source place of the regional ecological network, and extracting a core area in the general ecological space as a general ecological source place of the regional ecological network.
4. The method for identifying and optimizing the regional ecological network according to claim 3, wherein the step of obtaining the ecological corridor according to the ecological source and grading the ecological corridor comprises the following steps:
setting different land utilization type basic resistance values according to the obtained important ecological source land and the general ecological source land, and correcting by combining the light intensity at night to obtain an ecological resistance surface;
inputting the ecological source area and the ecological resistance surface into Linkage Mapper software, identifying ecological flow channels for species migration and diffusion, obtaining a minimum cost distance path by simulating the ecological flow flowing through the ecological resistance surface, mapping the ecological source area in the ecological corridor connection area, and correspondingly dividing the ecological source area into an important ecological corridor and a common ecological corridor according to the important grade of the corridor connection ecological source area.
5. The method for identifying and optimizing the regional ecological network according to claim 4, wherein the obtaining the ecological strategic points according to the ecological source and the ecological corridor and grading the ecological strategic points comprises:
according to the obtained two-stage ecological source area and the two-stage ecological corridor, a Linkage calling circumtscape plug-in is carried out by utilizing a Linkage Mapper software tool box, ecological pinch points with good connectivity on the network and ecological Barrier points capable of effectively improving the connectivity on the network through restoration are identified through a Pinchpoint Mapper module and a Barrier Mapper module respectively, grading is carried out based on the importance degree of the ecological corridor where the ecological Barrier points and the ecological pinch points are located, and the ecological Barrier points and the ecological pinch points are used as ecological strategic points of the network.
6. The method for identifying and optimizing the local ecological network according to claim 5, wherein the constructing the topology of the ecological network and analyzing the stability characteristics of the ecological network comprises:
based on a complex network theory, extracting nodes which are used for abstractively considering ecology in an ecological network as sending edges in the network, and edges which are used for considering ecological galleries as connection between construction points and points of the network, importing the nodes into a network analysis tool Pajek software to generate an analysis network, obtaining the maximum connected subgraph number and the continuous change process of the global efficiency value after the nodes of the network are continuously removed under two destruction scenes of random attack and deliberate attack through iterative computation, and correspondingly analyzing the stability characteristics of the ecological network.
7. The method for identifying and optimizing the regional ecological network according to claim 6, wherein the step of obtaining the final comprehensive ecological network by taking the ecological source ground as a surface, taking the ecological corridor as a line, taking the ecological strategic points as points and combining the constructed ecological network stability characteristics comprises:
and (4) combining to obtain a spatial layout of hierarchical and mutual interweaving importance degrees of three elements of a plane, a line and a point consisting of an ecological source area, an ecological corridor and an ecological strategic point and a regional ecological network composite system organically combining overall stability cognition, and finally obtaining a comprehensive ecological network.
8. A system for identifying and optimizing a regional ecological network, comprising:
the ecological space dividing module is used for dividing the ecological space of the area to be researched to obtain an important ecological space, a general ecological space and a non-ecological space;
the ecological source land grading module is used for extracting an ecological source land according to the ecological space obtained by division and grading the ecological source land;
the ecological corridor grading module is used for obtaining an ecological corridor according to an ecological source area and grading the ecological corridor;
the ecological strategic point grading module is used for obtaining ecological strategic points according to the ecological source area and the ecological corridor and grading the ecological corridor;
the ecological network stability cognition module is used for constructing the topology of the ecological network and analyzing the stability characteristics of the ecological network;
and the comprehensive ecological network generation module is used for taking the ecological source as a surface, taking the ecological corridor as a line, taking the ecological strategic points as points and combining the constructed stability characteristics of the ecological network to obtain the final comprehensive ecological network.
9. A device for identifying and optimizing a regional ecological network, comprising:
at least one processor;
at least one memory for storing at least one program;
when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to implement the method of any one of claims 1-7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a program executable by a processor is stored, wherein the program executable by the processor is adapted to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when executed by the processor.
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| CN117078116B (en) * | 2023-10-17 | 2024-02-27 | 华能(浙江)能源开发有限公司清洁能源分公司 | Robustness analysis method and system for influence of wind power plant site selection on marine biota |
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