CN115562623A - Self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurement and use method - Google Patents
Self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurement and use method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurement and a using method thereof, wherein the self-balancing quantum random number generator comprises the following steps: the device comprises a laser, a vacuum state generator, a homodyne detection module, a weak signal amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, an entropy evaluation module and a post-processing module; the homodyne detection module comprises a beam splitter, a photoelectric detector, a variable optical attenuator and a subtracter; the output end of the laser is connected with one input end of the beam splitter; the output end of the vacuum state generator is connected with the other input end of the beam splitter; the output end of the beam splitter is connected with the input end of the variable optical attenuator; the output end of the variable optical attenuator is connected with the input end of the photoelectric detector; the output end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the subtracter; the weak signal amplifier, the analog-to-digital converter, the entropy evaluation module and the post-processing module are sequentially connected; the input end of the weak signal amplifier is connected with the output end of the subtracter. The invention can obtain the quantum random number with higher randomness of the random number and effectively remove the direct current deviation in the random number.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of quantum random numbers, in particular to a vacuum fluctuation quantum random number generation device and a self-balancing quantum random number generator, and particularly relates to a self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurement and a use method.
Background
With the development of global computers and information technology, communication is increasingly frequent, and information security in communication is more and more emphasized by people. In order to meet the increasing demands for communication security, one of the most important communication methods is quantum communication, which is favored, and as an important component of quantum communication, a random number generator has a very important impact on the security foundation of quantum communication. In addition, random number theory is an important component of cryptography, and nowadays, random numbers play an important role not only in the field of cryptography, but also in other scientific research fields, such as statistical sampling, random algorithms, cryptography, information communication security, and many other fields of science and technology.
A random number is a sequence of numbers or symbols that satisfy certain statistical properties and do not have any fixed or obvious pattern. Random numbers can be classified into two major categories according to their generation methods: pseudo random numbers and true random numbers. Pseudo-random numbers are typically generated using deterministic computer software algorithms that produce random sequences that are not completely random, and that are not truly random in nature, and a short random seed sequence. Therefore, in applications with high demands on security, pseudo-random number sequences have not been sufficient.
True random number sequences are generated by true random number generators, which are generally generated using measurements and sampling of non-deterministic physical phenomena. True random numbers generally satisfy the following three characteristics: non-repeatability, non-predictability, unbiased. There are many physical random sources that produce non-deterministic physical phenomena such as atmospheric noise, electronic noise, frequency jitter, radiative decay, and the like. However, the method is limited by a classical physical mechanism and the existing sampling and extracting means, so that the code forming rate of the random number sequence is very low, and the method cannot adapt to actual requirements. With the rapid development of quantum technology, true random numbers have great breakthrough in the selection of physical random sources and sampling measurement technology. The true random number generator is designed by utilizing the quantum characteristics of a physical random source, and the randomness source is safe and the code rate is high. Therefore, quantum random number generators have very important applications in the field of information security.
Information security often involves the encryption of information by a key, the basis of which is a random number. The quantum random number based on quantum mechanics ensures the randomness of the random number due to the uncertainty basic principle of quantum mechanics. Therefore, quantum random number generators are an important direction of development for random numbers.
There are many schemes for quantum random number generators, such as schemes based on single photon path selection, schemes based on photon arrival time, schemes based on laser phase fluctuation, etc. However, the existing quantum random number generator scheme has many disadvantages, some systems are complex and difficult to control, some random numbers have low generation rate, some systems need complex phase stabilization systems and are not beneficial to integration, and some systems need large-scale instruments and equipment and have high cost.
In recent years, a quantum random number generation method based on vacuum state measurement has become a new quantum random number generation method, and random numbers are generated by measuring a vacuum state and extracting random bits from the measurement result.
At present, the random number obtained by a quantum random number generation method based on vacuum state measurement is lower than the number of bits, and the generation method has the problems of bias and asymmetry because devices such as a photoelectric detector, an amplifier and the like are influenced by parameters such as current or temperature, and the problems cause that sampled data generates obvious bias and a data statistical histogram is asymmetric, and finally the randomness of the random number is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurement and a using method thereof.
According to the self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurement and the using method thereof, the scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, a self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurement is provided, the quantum random number generator comprising: the device comprises a laser, a vacuum state generator, a homodyne detection module, a weak signal amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, an entropy evaluation module and a post-processing module;
the homodyne detection module comprises a beam splitter, a photoelectric detector, an adjustable optical attenuator and a subtracter;
the output end of the laser is connected with one input end of the beam splitter; the output end of the vacuum state generator is connected with the other input end of the beam splitter; the output end of the beam splitter is connected with the input end of the variable optical attenuator; the output end of the variable optical attenuator is connected with the input end of the photoelectric detector; the output end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the subtracter; the weak signal amplifier, the analog-to-digital converter, the entropy evaluation module and the post-processing module are sequentially connected; and the input end of the weak signal amplifier is connected with the output end of the subtracter.
Preferably, the laser is used for outputting continuous and stable laser light;
the vacuum state generator is used for generating a vacuum state;
the homodyne detection module is used for measuring a vacuum state;
the weak signal amplifier is an operational amplifier and is used for amplifying an electric signal;
the analog-to-digital converter is a balun and an analog-to-digital conversion chip and realizes digital conversion of an electric signal;
the entropy evaluation module and the post-processing module are realized by using an FPGA chip.
Preferably, the laser output by the laser is used as a local oscillator to interfere with the vacuum state output by the vacuum state generator to obtain interference light;
the beam splitter is a beam splitter with a random polarization direction of 50 and is used for splitting the interference light; the adjustable optical attenuator adjusts the light intensity of the split interference light so as to control the balance state of the homodyne detection module; the photoelectric detector converts the optical signal into an electric signal; the subtractor obtains a differential current using the electrical signal detected by the photodetector.
Preferably, the variable optical attenuator performs automatic adjustment of a balanced state of light intensities of an upper arm of the variable optical attenuator and a lower arm of the variable optical attenuator by a self-balancing algorithm.
Preferably, the self-balancing algorithm step comprises:
step 1): adjusting the voltage of the upper arm of the variable optical attenuator to make the input value of the digital-to-analog converter n 1 Adjusting the voltage of the lower arm variable optical attenuator to make the input value of the digital-to-analog converter be n 2 The average value of the direct current component for reading the output voltage value of the homodyne detection module is v, and v is the output voltage value of the current difference between the upper arm of the adjustable optical attenuator and the lower arm of the adjustable optical attenuator of the homodyne detection module amplified by the weak signal amplifier and is expressed as v = f (n) 1 -n 2 ) (ii) a Knowing n 1 Has a minimum adjustment value of 0mv and a maximum adjustment value of 2 w mv, w is the number of bits of the digital-analog converter chip precision, and let B =0mv, T =2 w mv, the algorithm goes to step 2);
step 2): v is judged, if v is more than or equal to-50 mv and less than or equal to 50mv, n is output 1 Stopping the algorithm; if 50mv is less than or equal to v, the algorithm goes to step 3); if-50 mv is more than or equal to v, the algorithm goes to step 4);
step 3): let T = n 1 Adjusting the upper arm voltage of the variable optical attenuator to make the input value of the digital-to-analog converter be
Reading the direct-current component mean value v of the output voltage value amplified by the weak signal amplifier of the homodyne detection module again, and transferring the algorithm to the step 2);
step 4): let B = n 1 Adjusting the upper arm voltage of the variable optical attenuator to make the input value of the digital-to-analog converter be
And (3) reading the direct-current component mean value v of the output voltage value amplified by the weak signal amplifier of the homodyne detection module again, and transferring the algorithm to the step (2).
In a second aspect, a method for using a self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurement is provided, the method comprising:
step S1: the method comprises the following steps of enabling pulse laser generated by the laser to serve as local oscillation light to enter one input end of a 50;
step S2: the optical beam splitter divides the input interference light into two parts, and the divided interference light is subjected to light intensity adjustment through the variable optical attenuator by a control module algorithm so as to control the balance state of the homodyne detection module;
and step S3: the attenuated light is converted into an electric signal through a photoelectric detector, a subtracter generates a differential current and sends the differential current to a weak signal amplifier for electric signal amplification;
and step S4: the amplified electric signal converts an analog electric signal into a digital electric signal through an analog-to-digital converter, and the converted digital signal obtains original data of the quantum random number generator;
step S5: and transmitting the obtained original data to an entropy evaluation module and a post-processing module to realize the processing of the original data and finally generate a random number.
In a third aspect, an apparatus is provided, the apparatus comprising:
one or more processors;
a storage device for storing one or more programs,
when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the steps in the method.
In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, in which a computer program is stored, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the self-balancing algorithm is adjusted to generate more random numbers, so that the true random numbers with better randomness are generated, and the direct current deviation in the random numbers can be effectively removed.
Other advantages of the present invention will be described in the detailed description, and those skilled in the art will understand the technical features and technical solutions presented in the description.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a self-balancing quantum random number generator implementation device based on vacuum fluctuation measurement;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a self-balancing algorithm implementation process.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurement, and as shown in figure 1, the quantum random number generator comprises: the device comprises a laser, a vacuum state generator, a homodyne detection module, a weak signal amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, an entropy evaluation module and a post-processing module. The homodyne detection module further comprises a beam splitter, a photoelectric detector, a variable optical attenuator and a subtracter. The entropy evaluation module and the post-processing module form an FPGA post-processing module, the FPGA post-processing module is realized by utilizing an FPGA chip, the FPGA post-processing module evaluates the quantum entropy of the original data and preprocesses the original data, and finally random numbers are output.
The laser is used for outputting continuous and stable local oscillation light; the vacuum state generator is used for generating a vacuum state; the beam splitter is used for interfering the signal light and the local oscillation light and splitting the interfered light into two beams with equal intensity.
The adjustable optical attenuator adjusts the light intensity of the split light so as to control the balance state of the homodyne detection module; the photodetector is used for detecting the light intensity of the coherent light and converting the light intensity into a current signal. The subtracter is used for generating a differential current from the detected current intensity. The weak signal amplifier is used for converting the differential current into a voltage signal and amplifying the voltage signal. The analog-to-digital converter is used for converting the analog electrical signal into a digital electrical signal.
The FPGA post-processing module is used for carrying out entropy evaluation, coding and deviation removal on the analysis data so as to generate random numbers.
The output end of the laser is connected with one input end of the beam splitter; the output end of the vacuum state generator is connected with the other input end of the beam splitter; the output end of the beam splitter is connected with the input end of the variable optical attenuator; the output end of the variable optical attenuator is connected with the input end of the photoelectric detector; the output end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the subtracter; the weak signal amplifier, the analog-to-digital converter, the entropy evaluation module and the post-processing module are sequentially connected; the input end of the weak signal amplifier is connected with the output end of the subtracter.
When the random number generator provided by the invention is used, pulse laser generated by a laser is used as local oscillation light to enter one input end of a beam splitter of 50, and a vacuum state generated by a vacuum state generator is used as signal light to enter the other input end of the beam splitter of 50. Coherent interference is carried out on the local oscillation light and the vacuum state; the optical beam splitter divides the input interference light into two parts; the split beam passes through a variable optical attenuator to adjust the light intensity so as to control the balance state of a homodyne detection module; the attenuated light is converted into an electric signal through the photoelectric detector, a subtracter generates a differential current, and the differential current is sent to a weak signal amplifier to amplify the electric signal. The amplified electric signal is converted into a digital electric signal by an analog-to-digital converter, and the converted digital signal obtains the original data of the quantum random number generator. And transmitting the obtained original data to an FPGA post-processing module to realize the processing of the original data, including entropy evaluation and post-processing, and finally generating a random number.
The adjustable optical attenuator automatically adjusts the light intensity of the upper arm and the lower arm of the adjustable optical attenuator in a balanced state through a self-balancing algorithm.
The self-balancing algorithm comprises the following steps:
step 1): adjusting the voltage of the upper arm of the variable optical attenuator to make the input value of the digital-to-analog converter n 1 Adjusting the voltage of the lower arm variable optical attenuator to make the input value of the digital-to-analog converter be n 2 The average value of the dc component for reading the output voltage value of the homodyne detection module is v, v is the output voltage value of the current difference between the upper arm of the adjustable optical attenuator and the lower arm of the adjustable optical attenuator of the homodyne detection module amplified by the weak signal amplifier, and can be expressed as v = f (n = f) 1 -n 2 ) Knowing n 1 Has a minimum adjustment value of 0mv and a maximum adjustment value of 2 w mv, w is the number of bits of the digital-analog converter chip precision, and let B =0mv, T =2 w mv, the algorithm goes to step 2.
Step 2): v is judged, if v is more than or equal to-50 mv and less than or equal to 50mv, n is output 1 The algorithm is stopped. If 50mv is less than or equal to v, the algorithm goes to step 3. If-50 mv is greater than or equal to v, the algorithm goes to step 4.
And step 3): let T = n 1 Adjusting the upper arm voltage of the variable optical attenuator to make the input value of the digital-to-analog converter be
And (3) reading the direct-current component mean value v of the output voltage value amplified by the weak signal amplifier of the homodyne detection module again, and transferring the algorithm to the step (2).
And step 4): let B = n 1 Adjusting the upper arm voltage of the variable optical attenuator to make the input value of the digital-to-analog converter be
And (3) reading the direct-current component mean value v of the output voltage value amplified by the weak signal amplifier of the homodyne detection module again, and turning the algorithm to the step 2.
The invention also provides a use method of the self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurement, and as shown in figure 2, the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: the method comprises the following steps of enabling pulse laser generated by a laser to enter one input end of a 50 beam splitter as local oscillation light, enabling a vacuum state generated by a vacuum state generator to enter the other input end of the 50 beam splitter as signal light, and enabling the local oscillation light to interfere with the vacuum state to obtain interference light.
Step S2: the light beam splitter divides the input interference light into two parts, and the divided interference light is subjected to light intensity adjustment through the variable optical attenuator by a control module algorithm so as to control the balance state of the homodyne detection module.
And step S3: the attenuated light is converted into an electric signal through the photoelectric detector, a subtracter generates a differential current, and the differential current is sent to a weak signal amplifier to amplify the electric signal.
And step S4: the amplified electric signal converts an analog electric signal into a digital electric signal through an analog-to-digital converter, and the converted digital signal obtains original data of the quantum random number generator.
Step S5: and transmitting the obtained original data to an entropy evaluation module and a post-processing module to realize the processing of the original data and finally generate a random number.
The embodiment of the invention provides a self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurement and a using method thereof.
It is well within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art to implement the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention in a purely computer readable program code means that the same functionality can be implemented by logically programming method steps in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the invention can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units included in the system for realizing various functions can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, units for performing the various functions may also be regarded as structures within both software modules and hardware components for performing the method.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (8)
1. A self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurement, the quantum random number generator comprising: the device comprises a laser, a vacuum state generator, a homodyne detection module, a weak signal amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, an entropy evaluation module and a post-processing module;
the homodyne detection module comprises a beam splitter, a photoelectric detector, an adjustable optical attenuator and a subtracter;
the output end of the laser is connected with one input end of the beam splitter; the output end of the vacuum state generator is connected with the other input end of the beam splitter; the output end of the beam splitter is connected with the input end of the variable optical attenuator; the output end of the variable optical attenuator is connected with the input end of the photoelectric detector; the output end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the subtracter; the weak signal amplifier, the analog-to-digital converter, the entropy evaluation module and the post-processing module are sequentially connected; and the input end of the weak signal amplifier is connected with the output end of the subtracter.
2. The self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser is used for outputting continuous and stable laser light;
the vacuum state generator is used for generating a vacuum state;
the homodyne detection module is used for measuring a vacuum state;
the weak signal amplifier is an operational amplifier and is used for amplifying an electric signal;
the analog-to-digital converter is a balun and an analog-to-digital conversion chip and realizes digital conversion of an electric signal;
the entropy evaluation module and the post-processing module are realized by using an FPGA chip.
3. The self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser output by the laser is used as a local oscillator to interfere with the vacuum state output by the vacuum state generator to obtain interference light;
the beam splitter is a beam splitter with a random polarization direction of 50 and is used for splitting the interference light; the adjustable optical attenuator adjusts the light intensity of the split interference light so as to control the balance state of the homodyne detection module; the photoelectric detector converts the optical signal into an electric signal; the subtractor obtains a differential current using the electrical signal detected by the photodetector.
4. The self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the variable optical attenuator performs automatic adjustment of the balance state of the light intensity of the upper arm and the lower arm of the variable optical attenuator by a self-balancing algorithm.
5. The self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurements of claim 4, wherein the self-balancing algorithm step comprises:
step 1): adjusting the upper arm voltage of the variable optical attenuator to make the input value of the digital-to-analog converter n 1 Adjusting the voltage of the lower arm variable optical attenuator to make the input value of the digital-to-analog converter be n 2 The average value of the direct current component for reading the output voltage value of the homodyne detection module is v, and v is the output voltage value of the current difference between the upper arm of the adjustable optical attenuator and the lower arm of the adjustable optical attenuator of the homodyne detection module amplified by the weak signal amplifier and is expressed as v = f (n) 1 -n 2 ) (ii) a Knowing n 1 Has a minimum adjustment value of 0mv and a maximum adjustment value of 2 mv w mv, w is the number of bits of the digital-analog converter chip precision, and let B =0mv, T =2 w mv, the algorithm goes to step 2);
step 2): v is judged, if v is more than or equal to-50 mv and less than or equal to 50mv, n is output 1 Stopping the algorithm; if v is not more than 50mv, the algorithm goes to step 3); if-50 mv is more than or equal to v, the algorithm goes to step 4);
step 3): let T = n 1 Adjusting the upper arm voltage of the variable optical attenuator to make the input value of the digital-to-analog converter be
Reading the direct-current component mean value v of the output voltage value amplified by the weak signal amplifier of the homodyne detection module again, and transferring the algorithm to the step 2);
and step 4): let B = n 1 Adjusting the upper arm voltage of the variable optical attenuator to make the input value of the digital-to-analog converter be
And (3) reading the direct-current component mean value v of the output voltage value amplified by the weak signal amplifier of the homodyne detection module again, and transferring the algorithm to the step (2).
6. A method for using a self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurement, wherein the self-balancing quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurement according to any one of claims 1 to 5 comprises:
step S1: the method comprises the following steps of enabling pulse laser generated by the laser to serve as local oscillation light to enter one input end of a 50;
step S2: the optical beam splitter divides the input interference light into two parts, and the divided interference light is subjected to light intensity adjustment through the variable optical attenuator by a control module algorithm so as to control the balance state of the homodyne detection module;
and step S3: the attenuated light is converted into an electric signal through a photoelectric detector, a subtracter generates a differential current and sends the differential current to a weak signal amplifier for electric signal amplification;
and step S4: the amplified electric signals convert the analog electric signals into digital electric signals through an analog-to-digital converter, and the converted digital signals obtain original data of a quantum random number generator;
step S5: and transmitting the obtained original data to an entropy evaluation module and a post-processing module to realize the processing of the original data and finally generate a random number.
7. An apparatus, characterized in that the apparatus comprises:
one or more processors;
a storage device for storing one or more programs,
when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the steps of the method of claim 6.
8. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method as claimed in claim 6.
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