CN115553162A - 一种林地农田红火蚁的防治方法 - Google Patents
一种林地农田红火蚁的防治方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明旨在解决林地农田中树木的红火蚁防治困难、防治效果不佳等问题，提供了一种适用于林地农田红火蚁的有效防治方法，在林地农田红火蚁高发季节，通过7‑8天左右的时间即可驱除林地中所有的红火蚁。通过7天的电磁波处理、紫外线照射、红蓝光照射，以及后来的低温清水喷洒、涂抹趋虫剂和投放生石灰，彻底有效地驱除了树木上的红火蚁，该方法针对性强，对环境无污染，对林地中红火蚁的防治彻底有效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及林地农田病虫害防治技术领域，具体涉及一种林地农田红火蚁的防治方法。
背景技术
红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta Buren)属膜翅目蚁科火蚁属昆虫，因难以防治而得名无敌蚂蚁，其原分布于南美洲，伴随全球国际贸易的发展而不断传播扩散，现已传入多个国家和地区，并造成了严重的生态危害和经济损失。红火蚁于20世纪初先后入侵我国台湾、香港、广东和广西等地，在2005年1月27日被农业部列为我国进境植物检疫性有害生物和全国植物检疫性有害生物进行管理。红火蚁属杂食性昆虫，食性范围极广。其取食农林作物的植株和果实，造成作物减产减收；袭击家畜、小型哺乳动物、节肢动物和蚯蚓等，破坏生态平衡；攻击人类，被红火蚁蜇咬后，导致剧烈疼痛，对于敏感体质的人，能导致过敏性休克甚至死亡。因其严重危害农林业生产、公共安全及生态环境，被列为世界上最具危险性的100种入侵有害生物之一。红火蚁具有强大的繁殖力和竞争力，传播途径较多，一旦扩散至新的地区，因缺少天敌，种群数量急速增加，短期内即可暴发成灾。
传统红火蚁疫情防控手段主要是化学防治，主要采取毒饵诱杀、药液浇灌和二阶段处理法：毒饵诱杀法分在疫情发生轻、蚁巢密度低的区域采用单个蚁巢撒施和疫情发生较重、蚁巢密度较大的区域大面积普遍撒施两种。药液浇灌法适宜在秋冬季红火蚁活动较弱时段且水源充足地点应用，或者在首次发现单个蚁巢、急需灭巢处理的区域应用。在疫情发生严重的区域采用二阶段处理法，首先大面积撒施饵剂，2周后再根据发生情况对单个蚁巢进行毒饵诱杀或药液浇灌灭杀处理。但以上防治手段对林地中的树木作用十分有限，目前为止，对于林地农田中红火蚁的防治还缺乏有效的技术手段。
发明内容
本发明旨在解决林地农田中树木的红火蚁防治困难、防治效果不佳等问题，提供了一种适用于林地农田红火蚁的有效防治方法，在林地农田红火蚁高发季节，通过7-8天左右的时间即可驱除林地中所有的红火蚁。通过7天的电磁波处理、紫外线照射、红蓝光照射，以及后来的低温清水喷洒、涂抹趋虫剂和投放生石灰，彻底有效地驱除了树木上的红火蚁，该方法针对性强，对环境无污染，对林地中红火蚁的防治彻底有效。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种林地农田红火蚁的防治方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)、白天对林地中的树木进行电磁波处理，在林地中均匀分散布置数个电磁波发射器，所述电磁波发射器产生的电磁场强度500-600mT，每隔两小时开启电磁波发射器一次，每次开启30分钟；
(2)、晚上19:00左右对林地中的树木进行紫外灯照射，在林地中均匀分散布置数个紫外灯，所述紫外灯发出的紫外线波长为300～350nm，照射30分钟；2小时后，对林地中的树木进行红光照射，在林地中均匀分散布置数个红光灯，所述红光灯发出的红光波长为680～700nm，照射60分钟；再过2小时后，对林地中的树木进行蓝光照射，在林地中均匀分散布置数个蓝光灯，所述蓝光灯发出的红光波长为400～420nm，照射60分钟。
(3)、每天进行步骤(1)和步骤(2)的操作，持续7天；7天后，向林地中的树木喷洒4℃的清水，所有树干树叶喷洒均匀为止；2小时后在树干上涂抹趋虫剂，具体涂抹部位为地面以上1米的树干部分，即树干高度0-1米处，所采用的趋虫剂配方为：按重量份计，乙酰胆碱20份，大豆油10份、青蒿素精油5份、石竹素5份、食盐3份、蔗糖3份、醋酸3份、甲醛1份、氯甲基异噻唑啉酮1份、棕榈酸1.2份、月桂酸1.5份、谷氨酰胺0.8份、维生素C 0.5份；同时在树干周围地面洒生石灰，以树干为圆心，在半径为0.5米的圆周上洒生石灰。
针对红火蚁对树木的侵染特点和生活习性，发明人针对性地选择了电磁波处理、紫外线处理以及红蓝光处理，红火蚁对电磁场强度500-600mT的电磁波较为敏感，白天定时的电磁波处理可有效地将红火蚁驱离树木。晚上短时间的紫外线照射也对树木中寄生的红火蚁有较强的刺激作用，尤其是波长为300～350nm的紫外线。晚上的合适波长的红光和蓝光照射也可以诱集红火蚁离开树木，同时该波长段的红光和蓝光一定程度上也可对树木起到补光作用，促进其生长。在紫外线照射之后进行红光和蓝光照射，能够强强联合，从多维度更加有效地驱赶红火蚁从树木逃离，比单单一种照射的驱除效果要好的多。持续处理7天后，树木上的红火蚁已所剩无几，此时根据红火蚁对低温极为敏感的特点，向林地中的树木喷洒4℃的清水，可查漏补缺，基本上彻底驱除树木中的红火蚁。为了彻底防范漏网之蚁，发明人选择2小时后在树干上涂抹专用的趋虫剂，趋虫剂中的乙酰胆碱、大豆油、青蒿素精油和石竹素对于红火蚁有良好的趋避作用，以上四种成分可相互协同作用，强化了对树木中红火蚁的驱除；同时趋虫剂中的添加剂食盐、蔗糖、醋酸、甲醛可与趋虫剂中的四种主要趋避组分相互作用，进一步加强了趋虫剂的驱除功能；趋虫剂中的氯甲基异噻唑啉酮和维生素C可有效防止腐败，趋虫剂中的棕榈酸、月桂酸、谷氨酰胺起到了良好的调和作用，不但可以加强趋虫剂的趋避效果，还能够使得趋虫剂更加柔和，方便其在树木上的涂抹。最后，为了避免红火蚁的反弹侵染，在半径为0.5米的圆周上洒生石灰，可有效的防止红火蚁卷土重来。
本发明首先通过一周的白天电磁波+晚上紫外线红光蓝光的处理，再通过冷水刺激、涂抹趋虫剂和洒生石灰，能够彻底有效地驱除树木上的红火蚁，该方法对树木上的红火蚁针对性极强，驱除效果也极好，对环境无污染。
具体实施方式
一、一种林地农田红火蚁的防治方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)、白天对林地中的树木进行电磁波处理，在林地中均匀分散布置数个电磁波发射器，所述电磁波发射器产生的电磁场强度500-600mT，每隔两小时开启电磁波发射器一次，每次开启30分钟；
(2)、晚上19:00左右对林地中的树木进行紫外灯照射，在林地中均匀分散布置数个紫外灯，所述紫外灯发出的紫外线波长为300～350nm，照射30分钟；2小时后，对林地中的树木进行红光照射，在林地中均匀分散布置数个红光灯，所述红光灯发出的红光波长为680～700nm，照射60分钟；再过2小时后，对林地中的树木进行蓝光照射，在林地中均匀分散布置数个蓝光灯，所述蓝光灯发出的红光波长为400～420nm，照射60分钟。
(3)、每天进行步骤(1)和步骤(2)的操作，持续7天；7天后，向林地中的树木喷洒4℃的清水，所有树干树叶喷洒均匀为止；2小时后在树干上涂抹趋虫剂，具体涂抹部位为地面以上1米的树干部分，即树干高度0-1米处，所采用的趋虫剂配方为：按重量份计，乙酰胆碱20份，大豆油10份、青蒿素精油5份、石竹素5份、食盐3份、蔗糖3份、醋酸3份、甲醛1份、氯甲基异噻唑啉酮1份、棕榈酸1.2份、月桂酸1.5份、谷氨酰胺0.8份、维生素C 0.5份；同时在树干周围洒生石灰，以树干为圆心，在半径为0.5米的圆周上洒生石灰。
二、电磁波处理对红火蚁驱除的探索
根据红火蚁的侵染特点和生活习性，一些物理处理方式会影响其寄生，实验人员试验了多种物理手段对其的影响，最终筛选出了影响较为明显的电磁波、紫外线、红蓝光和低温，筛选试验表明：白天电场强度500-600mT的电磁波、晚上短时间的紫外线红蓝光、以及低温刺激能够有效驱除树木上的红火蚁。
对于电磁波强度和处理时间的优化，实验人员做了多组对比实验，分别设置了300-400mT、400-500mT、500-600mT、600-700mT、700-800mT、800-900mT、900-1000mT的电磁场强度梯度，以及连续处理、每隔1小时处理30分钟、每隔2小时处理30分钟、每隔3小时处理30分钟、每隔4小时处理30分钟、每隔5小时处理30分钟、每隔6小时处理30分钟的不同处理方式，根据实验结果，最终选出了对红火蚁影响最大的电磁场强度500-600mT、每隔2小时处理30分钟。
三、紫外灯照射对红火蚁驱除的探索
对于所采用紫外线的波长和照射时间的优化，实验人员做了多组对比实验，分别设置了100-150、150-200、200-250、250-300、300-350、350-400nm的波长梯度和10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90分钟的照射时间梯度，根据实验结果，最终选出了对红火蚁影响最大的波长300～350nm照射30分钟。
四、红光和蓝光照射对红火蚁驱除的探索
对于所采用红光的波长和照射时间的优化，实验人员做了多组对比实验，分别设置了640-660、660-680、680-700、700-720、720-740、740-760nm的波长梯度和10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90分钟的照射时间梯度，根据实验结果，最终选出了对红火蚁影响最大的波长680～700nm照射60分钟。
对于所采用蓝光的波长和照射时间的优化，实验人员做了多组对比实验，分别设置了400～420nm、420～440nm、440～460nm、460～480nm、480～500nm的波长梯度和10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90分钟的照射时间梯度，根据实验结果，最终选出了对红火蚁影响最大的波长400～420照射60分钟。
五、低温刺激对红火蚁驱除的探索
对于低温刺激的优化，实验人员做了多组对比实验，分别设置了2℃、4℃、6℃、8℃、10℃、12℃的温度梯度，根据实验结果，2℃和4℃对红火蚁的刺激作用最大，2℃和4℃之间无显著性差异。
六、红火蚁专用趋虫剂的选取
实验人员经过大量的筛选试验研究发现，乙酰胆碱、大豆油、青蒿素精油和石竹素对于红火蚁有良好的趋避作用，并且以上四种成分可相互协同作用，强化对树木中红火蚁的驱除。同时趋虫剂中的添加剂食盐、蔗糖、醋酸、甲醛可与趋虫剂中的四种主要趋避组分相互作用，进一步加强了趋虫剂的驱除功能。趋虫剂中的氯甲基异噻唑啉酮和维生素C可有效防止趋虫剂的腐败，趋虫剂中的棕榈酸、月桂酸、谷氨酰胺起到了良好的调和作用，不但可以加强趋虫剂的趋避效果，还能够使得趋虫剂更加柔和，方便其在树木上的涂抹。研究人员经过大量创造性的劳动，确定了上述红火蚁专用趋虫剂的成分，至于其配比的优化，研究人员经过大量的配比对比试验，根据最优的驱虫效果确定了红火蚁专用趋虫剂的最佳配方，即：按重量份计，乙酰胆碱20份，大豆油10份、青蒿素精油5份、石竹素5份、食盐3份、蔗糖3份、醋酸3份、甲醛1份、氯甲基异噻唑啉酮1份、棕榈酸1.2份、月桂酸1.5份、谷氨酰胺0.8份、维生素C 0.5份。
Claims (1)
1.一种林地农田红火蚁的防治方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
(1)、白天对林地中的树木进行电磁波处理，在林地中均匀分散布置数个电磁波发射器，所述电磁波发射器产生的电磁场强度500-600mT，每隔两小时开启电磁波发射器一次，每次开启30分钟；
(2)、晚上19:00左右对林地中的树木进行紫外灯照射，在林地中均匀分散布置数个紫外灯，所述紫外灯发出的紫外线波长为300～350nm，照射30分钟；2小时后，对林地中的树木进行红光照射，在林地中均匀分散布置数个红光灯，所述红光灯发出的红光波长为680～700nm，照射60分钟；再过2小时后，对林地中的树木进行蓝光照射，在林地中均匀分散布置数个蓝光灯，所述蓝光灯发出的红光波长为400～420nm，照射60分钟。
(3)、每天进行步骤(1)和步骤(2)的操作，持续7天；7天后，向林地中的树木喷洒4℃的清水，所有树干树叶喷洒均匀为止；2小时后在树干上涂抹趋虫剂，具体涂抹部位为地面以上1米的树干部分，即树干高度0-1米处，所采用的趋虫剂配方为：按重量份计，乙酰胆碱20份，大豆油10份、青蒿素精油5份、石竹素5份、食盐3份、蔗糖3份、醋酸3份、甲醛1份、氯甲基异噻唑啉酮1份、棕榈酸1.2份、月桂酸1.5份、谷氨酰胺0.8份、维生素C 0.5份；同时在树干周围地面洒生石灰，以树干为圆心，在半径为0.5米的圆周上洒生石灰。
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