CN115545460A - Two-dimensional evaluation method for reservoir sediment deposition risk - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional evaluation method for reservoir sediment accumulation risks, which comprises the following steps: determining reservoir sediment deposition risk evaluation indexes; evaluating the current situation of reservoir sediment deposition; evaluating the future development trend of reservoir sediment deposition; constructing a two-dimensional evaluation chart of reservoir sediment deposition risk, and performing reservoir sediment deposition risk partition evaluation; regional characteristic analysis of reservoir sediment deposition risks; and determining reservoir sediment deposition risk control measures and engineering quantity schemes. The invention comprehensively considers reservoir sedimentation amount, incoming water and incoming sand conditions, sediment particle size distribution, slope and other factors, quantitatively evaluates the sediment sedimentation risk of the reservoir from the current situation of reservoir sedimentation and the future development trend, accurately identifies the reservoir group with the most urgent requirements on sediment control and reservoir capacity recovery, and provides a reservoir sediment sedimentation risk control scheme as an important basis for reservoir sediment control and function recovery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a reservoir sediment risk assessment method, in particular to a two-dimensional reservoir sediment risk assessment method.
Background
Reservoir silt sedimentation is a common problem of reservoirs at home and abroad, and is particularly prominent in China. The average annual siltation rate of reservoirs in China is 2.3 percent and is 2 to 3 times of the world average value, thereby not only greatly influencing the flood control and benefit development of the reservoirs, but also seriously threatening the normal operation of a water conservancy project and the ecological health of downstream rivers and lakes.
The method has the advantages that the method for preventing and reducing the incoming sand at the upstream of the reservoir, the hydrodynamic sand discharge and silt reduction and the desilting of the silt-damaged reservoir capacity become the main reservoir silting control and function recovery modes, the adverse effects of engineering land occupation, migration, environment and the like caused by newly-built reservoirs are avoided, and the huge investment of newly-built engineering with the same function is saved. However, what reservoirs need to be subjected to sediment accumulation control, how to determine the optimal sediment accumulation control time, how to select a proper sediment accumulation control mode, how to specify proper sediment accumulation control and storage capacity recovery engineering quantity, and need to perform sediment accumulation risk assessment of the reservoirs.
At present, reservoir sediment deposition risk in a natural state is mostly expressed by the size of reservoir sediment deposition amount or annual sediment deposition rate under the influence of single factor factors such as incoming water sediment, reservoir scheduling modes and the like. However, the amount of reservoir sedimentation or annual sedimentation rate under the influence of a single factor is far from reflecting the sedimentation risk under natural conditions of different reservoirs, and therefore reservoir sedimentation control cannot be effectively guided.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a two-dimensional evaluation method for reservoir sediment deposition risk, which is used for quantifying the risk degree of reservoir sediment, accurately identifying a reservoir group with the most urgent requirements on sediment control and reservoir capacity recovery, and providing an optimal scheme for reducing the reservoir sediment risk as an important basis for reservoir sediment control and reservoir capacity recovery.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a two-dimensional evaluation method for reservoir sediment accumulation risks, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) According to reservoir deposition, incoming water sediment condition, reservoir deposition form and sediment particle size distribution, confirm reservoir sediment deposition risk evaluation index, include: design reservoir capacity V of erosion-deposition balance reservoir and evaluation reservoir 0 Evaluating the current annual storage capacity V and the annual average flood period warehousing sand conveying rate Q sin And the average flood season warehousing flow Q for many years in Reservoir bed gradient J, median diameter D of silt in storage in multi-year average flood period 50 ；
(2) According to reservoir sedimentation survey data, calculating and evaluating annual reservoir sedimentation degree R, and evaluating the current situation of reservoir sediment sedimentation;
(3) Fitting a reservoir erosion and deposition balance line according to the erosion and deposition balance reservoir parameters, calculating a reservoir erosion and deposition balance coefficient K, and evaluating the future development trend of the reservoir sediment deposition;
(4) Constructing a two-dimensional evaluation chart of reservoir sediment deposition risk, performing reservoir sediment deposition risk partition evaluation, and determining a reservoir sediment deposition risk level;
(5) Counting all reservoir sedimentation indexes in an evaluation area, calculating reservoir sediment sedimentation risk grade distribution, performing regional characteristic analysis on reservoir sediment sedimentation risks in the evaluation area, and determining a sedimentation risk control reservoir;
(6) Preliminarily drawing up a reservoir sediment deposition risk control scheme, calculating the position of the reservoir in a two-dimensional evaluation chart after each scheme is implemented, comparing each scheme, and determining reservoir sediment deposition risk control measures and engineering quantity schemes.
Further, in the step (1), under the condition that the riverbed ratio of the reservoir lacks actual measurement data, the water depth H before the multi-year average flood season dam and the water return length L in the multi-year average flood season are calculated according to reservoir scheduling data, and the calculation formula is as follows:
J＝H/L。
further, the step (2) is specifically as follows:
according to the design storage capacity V obtained in the step (1) 0 Evaluating the annual current situation storage capacity V, and calculating the annual reservoir sedimentation degree R;
when R is not less than R 0 In time, the current situation of reservoir silt deposition is serious; when R is<R 0 In the meantime, the current situation of reservoir silt deposition is not serious, wherein R 0 Is the reservoir sedimentation degree threshold value.
Further, the step (3) comprises the following steps:
(31) Warehousing the annual average flood season sand conveying rate Q selected in the step (1) sin Average flood season warehousing flow Q for many years in Reservoir bed gradient J, median diameter D of silt in storage in multi-year average flood period 50 Substituting the evaluation indexes into a river channel erosion and deposition balance formula QJ-GD 50 And obtaining a reservoir silt flushing balance relational expression:
Q sin D 50 ～Q in J
(32) Screening out the multi-year average flood season warehousing sand conveying rate Q of the erosion and deposition balance reservoir according to the reservoir data in the step (1) sin Average flood season warehousing flow Q for many years in Reservoir bed gradient J, median diameter D of silt in storage in multi-year average flood period 50 Fitting to obtain a reservoir erosion-deposition balance line;
Q sin D 50 ＝K 0 Q in J
wherein, K 0 The reservoir silt flushing balance coefficient is a threshold value;
(33) According to the process obtained in step (1)Warehousing sand conveying rate Q in average flood season for many years sin Average flood season warehousing flow Q for many years in Reservoir bed gradient J, median diameter D of silt in storage in multi-year average flood period 50 Index, in Q in J is the abscissa, Q sin D 50 Calculating a reservoir silt flushing balance coefficient K for the ordinate, and drawing a reservoir silt development trend evaluation point;
wherein, the reservoir erosion-deposition balance coefficient K = K 0 In time, the reservoir reaches a flushing and silting balance state; when K is>K 0 In time, reservoirs tend to continuously deposit, with a higher risk of depositing; when K is<K 0 In time, the reservoir still develops towards the erosion and deposition balance state, and the deposition risk is lower.
Further, the step (4) comprises the following steps:
(41) Comprehensively considering the current situation evaluation of reservoir sediment deposition and the future development trend evaluation of reservoir sediment deposition, and constructing a two-dimensional evaluation chart of reservoir sediment deposition risk by taking a reservoir sediment impact balance coefficient K as a horizontal coordinate and a reservoir sediment deposition degree R as a vertical coordinate;
in a reservoir sediment deposition risk two-dimensional evaluation graph, a sediment impact balance coefficient threshold value K 0 And reservoir sedimentation degree threshold value R 0 Reservoirs are classified into four categories: i, a high-risk reservoir, II, a low-risk reservoir with high current sedimentation risk and low future sedimentation development risk, III, and IV, a reservoir with low current sedimentation risk and high future sedimentation development risk;
(42) Drawing a reservoir sediment deposition risk evaluation point in a reservoir sediment deposition risk evaluation graph according to the reservoir sediment deposition current situation evaluation result in the step (2) and the reservoir sediment deposition future development trend evaluation result in the step (3);
(43) And (4) determining a sediment deposition risk subarea of the reservoir according to the position of the reservoir deposition risk evaluation point obtained in the step (42).
Further, the step (5) comprises the following steps:
(51) For all in the evaluation areaReservoir, calculating silt deposition risk evaluation index Q of each reservoir sin 、Q in 、J、D 50 H, L, and the sedimentation degree R and the erosion-silt balance coefficient K of each reservoir;
(52) According to the sedimentation degree R and the erosion-deposition balance coefficient K of each reservoir, drawing sediment sedimentation risk evaluation points of all reservoirs in an evaluation area in a two-dimensional sediment sedimentation risk evaluation graph of the reservoirs;
(53) Determining the distribution conditions of the reservoirs in the I area, the II area, the III area and the IV area in the evaluation area according to the positions of the sediment deposition risk evaluation points of all the reservoirs in the step (52), and analyzing the regional characteristic rule of the sediment deposition risk of the reservoirs;
(54) And (5) determining the reservoir in the region I as an engineering object which needs silt deposition risk control and function recovery urgently according to the regional characteristic rule of the reservoir silt deposition risk in the step (53).
Further, the step (6) comprises the following steps:
(61) Preliminarily drawing up a plurality of sediment sedimentation risk control and function recovery schemes aiming at the sedimentation risk control reservoir determined in the step (5);
(62) Calculating silt deposition risk evaluation index Q of deposition risk control reservoir after implementing each silt deposition risk control and function recovery scheme sin 、Q in 、J、D 50 H, L, and the siltation degree R and the erosion-deposition balance coefficient K;
(63) According to the sedimentation degree R and the erosion-deposition balance coefficient K calculated in the step (62), drawing sediment sedimentation risk evaluation points of the reservoir after different schemes are implemented in a two-dimensional sediment sedimentation risk evaluation graph of the reservoir;
(64) Judging the effects of the sediment accumulation risk control and function recovery schemes of different reservoirs according to the sediment accumulation risk evaluation point positions of the reservoirs after the different schemes in the step (63) are implemented;
(65) And (4) according to the implementation effect of each scheme in the step (64), combining the budgets of the water bank management unit implementation scheme and the function recovery scheme of reservoir sediment deposition risk control, and selecting a reservoir sediment deposition risk control measure and an engineering quantity scheme.
The invention discloses a two-dimensional evaluation system for reservoir sediment accumulation risk, which comprises:
the evaluation index determination module is used for determining the risk evaluation index of the reservoir sediment deposition according to the reservoir sediment deposition amount, the incoming water sediment condition, the reservoir sediment deposition form and the sediment particle size distribution condition, and comprises the following steps: design reservoir capacity V of silt flushing balance reservoir and non-silt flushing balance reservoir 0 Evaluating the current annual storage capacity V and the annual average flood period warehousing sand conveying rate Q sin Average flood season warehousing flow Q for many years in Reservoir bed gradient J, annual average flood period warehousing sediment median diameter D 50 ；
The evaluation module is used for calculating and evaluating annual reservoir sedimentation degree R according to reservoir sedimentation survey data and evaluating the current situation of reservoir sediment sedimentation; fitting a reservoir erosion and deposition balance line according to the erosion and deposition balance reservoir parameters, calculating a reservoir erosion and deposition balance coefficient K, and evaluating the future development trend of the reservoir sediment deposition;
the evaluation chart drawing module is used for constructing a two-dimensional evaluation chart of the reservoir sediment deposition risk by taking the reservoir silt flushing balance coefficient K as an abscissa and the reservoir sediment degree R as an ordinate, and determining the reservoir sediment deposition risk level according to the evaluation chart;
the regional characteristic analysis module is used for determining the sediment deposition risk level of all the reservoirs in the evaluation region and determining a deposition risk control reservoir;
and the control measure and engineering quantity scheme determining module is used for preliminarily drawing up a reservoir sediment deposition risk control scheme, calculating the position of the deposition risk control reservoir in the two-dimensional evaluation chart after each scheme is implemented, comparing each scheme, and determining the reservoir sediment deposition risk control measure and the engineering quantity scheme.
An apparatus of the present invention includes a memory and a processor, wherein:
a memory for storing a computer program capable of running on the processor;
and the processor is used for executing the steps of the two-dimensional evaluation method for the sediment accumulation risk of the reservoir when the computer program is run.
A storage medium of the present invention has stored thereon a computer program that, when executed by at least one processor, implements the steps of the above-described method for two-dimensional assessment of risk of reservoir silt deposit.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the method can obtain the following beneficial effects: firstly, quantifying the risk of reservoir sediment accumulation by comprehensively considering the current situation of reservoir sediment accumulation, incoming water and incoming sand conditions, sediment particle size distribution, slope reduction and other multi-factor influences, and forming a complete and scientific reservoir sediment accumulation risk assessment method; secondly, analyzing regional characteristics of sediment deposition risks of the reservoir, accurately identifying the reservoir with the most serious deposition risk, guiding engineering investment, recovering and maintaining effective reservoir capacity of the reservoir, and generating maximized economic, social and ecological environmental benefits; thirdly, the scientific formulation of reservoir sedimentation control and reservoir capacity recovery schemes is guided, the investment of dredging engineering is saved to the maximum extent, and direct economic benefits are generated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional evaluation chart of reservoir sediment deposition risk;
FIG. 3 is a result of the risk assessment of silt deposition in the Longyang fynit reservoir;
FIG. 4 shows the evaluation result of silt deposition risk of reservoir groups in the yellow river basin;
fig. 5 shows the silt deposition risk control effect of the three gorges reservoir according to different embodiments.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
At the present stage, natural factors influencing the sediment accumulation risk of a reservoir need to be expanded from single factors to multiple factors, and a reservoir sediment accumulation risk two-dimensional assessment method comprehensively considering the multiple influencing factors is constructed by cutting in from two aspects of the current sediment accumulation situation and future sediment accumulation trend prediction. Before evaluating the risk of reservoir silt deposition, firstly, the concept of reservoir silt deposition risk is proposed: the risk of sedimentation in the natural state of a reservoir refers to the amount of sedimentation that the reservoir has a possibility of increasing over a longer period of time. The reservoir sediment deposition risk is related to factors such as natural conditions of a watershed, self conditions of a reservoir and the like, reservoir sediment deposition risk influence factors are identified by adopting a risk survey listing method, and the influence of four risk factors such as reservoir capacity, storage water and sand conditions, sediment particle size distribution and reservoir sediment deposition forms on the reservoir sediment deposition risk is mainly considered.
As shown in fig. 1, the two-dimensional evaluation method for reservoir sediment accumulation risk of the invention mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining reservoir sediment deposition risk evaluation indexes;
determining reservoir sediment deposition risk evaluation indexes from four aspects of reservoir sediment deposition, incoming water and incoming sand conditions, reservoir sediment deposition forms and sediment particle size distribution: (1) and (4) reservoir deposition amount. The silt deposition of the reservoir occupies the reservoir and reduces the regulation capacity of the reservoir, so the reservoir capacity is the most commonly used index for describing reservoir deposition. The larger the reservoir deposition amount is, the smaller the reservoir capacity is, the weaker the silt containing capacity of the reservoir is, and the larger the silt deposition risk of the reservoir is. (2) And (5) coming from water to sand. The more the reservoir water volume, under the condition that reservoir section form does not change, the larger the reservoir section average velocity of flow is, the stronger the water flow sand-carrying capacity is, and the lower the reservoir silt sedimentation risk is. The larger the sand amount of the reservoir is, the heavier the load of water flow sand conveying is, the sediment can be generated when the water flow does not have corresponding sand conveying capacity, and the higher the sediment sedimentation risk of the reservoir is. (3) Reservoir sedimentation pattern. The smaller the slope of the reservoir is, the longer the backwater distance of the reservoir is, and meanwhile, the lower the sand discharge benefit of the reservoir is, the higher the sedimentation risk of the reservoir is. (4) And (4) the particle size distribution of the silt. The distribution of the particle size of the silt is also an important factor for determining the sand-carrying force of the water flow, and under the condition that other conditions are not changed, the larger the particle size of the silt is, the larger the settling velocity of the silt particles is, the less the silt can be conveyed under the same water flow condition, and the higher the sedimentation risk is.
To design the storage capacity V 0 (hundred million) 3 ) Evaluation of the annual status library volume V (hundred million m) 3 ) Representing reservoir deposition amount, and warehousing sand conveying rate Q in average flood season of many years sin (t/s) and annual average flood period warehousing flow Q in (m 3 /s) characterizing the incoming water and sand conditions of the reservoir according to the riverbed gradient of the reservoirJ characterizing reservoir deposition forms, and warehousing sediment median particle size D in average flood season for many years 50 (mm) representing the distribution condition of the sediment particle size of the reservoir. Wherein, the design storage capacity V 0 The method is obtained by looking up reservoir design parameters, the current-of-year-evaluation storage capacity V and the reservoir bed slope J are obtained by reservoir topographic survey, and the calculation formulas of the other indexes are as follows:
wherein the reservoir data is n years, Q sin (i) Average sand conveying rate in the i year flood season, Q in (i) Average flow rate of storage in flood season of the ith year, D 50 (i) And (4) inquiring data of the median diameter of the sediment stored in the storage in the flood season of the ith year by hydrological yearbook information.
Under the condition that the reservoir bed slope J lacks actual measurement data, calculating the annual average flood period dam front water depth H (m) and the annual average flood period backwater length L (m) according to reservoir scheduling data, and calculating the reservoir bed slope, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
J＝H/L
(2) Evaluating the current situation of reservoir sediment deposition;
(21) According to the design storage capacity V obtained in the step (1) 0 (billion m) 3 ) Evaluation of the annual status library volume V (hundred million m) 3 ) Calculating and evaluating annual reservoir sediment sedimentation degree R;
the larger the calculated value of the sediment accumulation degree R of the reservoir in the evaluation year is, the more serious the sediment accumulation of the reservoir is; conversely, the smaller the calculated R value, the less severe the reservoir silt deposit.
(22) Dividing the current situation of reservoir silt deposit into a serious evaluation result and a non-serious evaluation result according to the R value of the annual reservoir silt deposit evaluation degree calculated in the step (21), wherein the threshold value of the annual reservoir silt deposit evaluation degree is R 0 . When R is not less than R 0 In time, the current situation of reservoir silt deposition is serious; when R is<R 0 And in time, the current situation of reservoir sediment deposition is not serious. The threshold value for evaluating the sediment accumulation degree of the annual reservoir is determined according to the international Commission on dam 147, the statement "diagnosis and sustability Use of Reservoirs and River Systems". For power generating reservoirs, R 0 =80%; for non-generating reservoirs, R 0 ＝70％。
(3) Evaluating the future development trend of reservoir sediment deposition;
(31) The formula QJ-GD is used for balancing the river channel erosion and deposition in the riverbed evolution chemistry 50 Introducing reservoir sedimentation evolution, wherein Q is river channel flow (m) 3 (s), J is river slope, G is river sand transport rate (t/s), D 50 Is the median particle size (mm) of the river sand. For the reservoir, the erosion-deposition balance state means that the amount of sand entering the reservoir is almost equal to the amount of sand leaving the reservoir in a period of time, and no obvious deposition increase occurs, so that a reservoir erosion-deposition balance formula can be constructed by analogy. Warehousing sand conveying rate Q according to the annual average flood season selected in the step (1) sin (t/s) and annual average flood period warehousing flow Q in (m 3 /s), reservoir bed gradient J, median diameter D of sediment stored in a multi-year average flood period 50 (mm) and other evaluation indexes are substituted into the river channel erosion and deposition balance formula QJ-GD 50 And obtaining a reservoir silt flushing balance relational expression:
Q sin D 50 ～Q in J
(32) Screening out the multi-year average flood period warehousing sand conveying rate Q of the erosion balance reservoir erosion balance periods of the erosion balance reservoirs such as the Wanjiazhai reservoir, the bronze gorges and the Rhododendrin sea according to the reservoir data in the step (1) sin (t/s) and annual average flood period warehousing flow Q in (m 3 /s), reservoir bed gradient J, median diameter D of sediment stored in a multi-year average flood period 50 (mm), fitting a reservoir erosion-deposition balance line;
Q sin D 50 ＝K 0 Q in J
wherein, K 0 The reservoir silt flushing balance coefficient is a threshold value;
(33) Warehousing sand conveying rate Q according to the annual average flood season obtained in the step (1) sin (t/s) and annual average flood period warehousing flow Q in (m 3 /s), reservoir bed gradient J, median diameter D of sediment stored in a multi-year average flood period 50 Index in (mm) in Q in J is the abscissa, Q sin D 50 Calculating a reservoir silt flushing balance coefficient K for the ordinate, and drawing a future development trend evaluation point of reservoir silt sedimentation;
wherein, the reservoir erosion-deposition balance coefficient K = K 0 In time, the reservoir reaches a flushing and silting balance state; when K is>K 0 In time, reservoirs tend to continuously deposit, with a higher risk of depositing; when K is<K 0 In time, the reservoir still develops towards the erosion and deposition balance state, and the deposition risk is lower.
(4) Constructing a two-dimensional evaluation graph of reservoir sediment deposition risk;
(41) Comprehensively considering the current situation evaluation of reservoir sediment deposition and the future development trend evaluation of reservoir sediment deposition, a reservoir sediment deposition risk two-dimensional evaluation graph (figure 2) is constructed by taking a reservoir sediment impact balance coefficient K as a horizontal coordinate and a reservoir sediment deposition degree R as a vertical coordinate. In a two-dimensional evaluation chart of reservoir sediment deposition risk, a reservoir sediment impact balance coefficient threshold value K 0 And reservoir silt sedimentation degree threshold value R 0 The reservoir is divided into four risk levels: i high risk reservoir, II current situation deposition risk high future deposition development risk low reservoir, III low risk reservoir, IV current situation deposition risk low future deposition development risk high reservoir, as shown in figure 2, reservoir erosion and siltation balance coefficient K is larger than threshold K 0 And the silt sedimentation degree R of the reservoir is greater than the threshold value R 0 The area is divided into I high-risk reservoirs, and the erosion-siltation balance coefficient K of the reservoirs is smaller than the threshold value K of the reservoirs 0 And the silt deposition degree of the reservoirR is greater than its threshold value R 0 The area is divided into II current situation reservoirs with high sedimentation risk and low future sedimentation development risk, and the reservoir erosion balance coefficient K is less than the threshold value K 0 And the silt deposition degree R of the reservoir is less than the threshold value R 0 The area is divided into III low-risk reservoirs, and the erosion-siltation balance coefficient K of the reservoirs is greater than the threshold value K of the reservoirs 0 And the silt deposition degree R of the reservoir is less than the threshold value R 0 The area of (A) is divided into IV current reservoirs with low sedimentation risk and high sedimentation development risk in the future.
(42) And (3) drawing a reservoir sediment deposition risk evaluation point in a reservoir sediment deposition risk two-dimensional evaluation graph according to the reservoir sediment deposition current situation evaluation result in the step (2) and the reservoir sediment deposition future development trend evaluation result in the step (3).
(43) And (4) determining the silt deposition risk level of the reservoir to be evaluated according to the position of the reservoir deposition risk evaluation point obtained in the step (42).
(5) Regional characteristic analysis of reservoir sediment deposition risks;
(51) Different reservoirs have different application stages, and the silt sedimentation risk evaluation indexes of the reservoirs are different. According to the method in the step (1), the sediment deposition risk evaluation indexes of all reservoirs in the evaluation area are counted, including Q sin 、Q in 、J、D 50 、H、L；
(52) Calculating the sedimentation degree R of all reservoirs in the evaluation area according to the step (21);
(53) Calculating the erosion-deposition balance coefficients K of all the reservoirs in the evaluation area according to the step (33);
(54) According to the calculation results in the step (52) and the step (53), drawing sediment deposition risk evaluation points of all reservoirs in the evaluation area in the sediment deposition risk evaluation graph of the reservoir;
(55) Determining the distribution conditions of the reservoirs in the areas I, II, III and IV according to the positions of the silt deposit risk evaluation points of all the reservoirs in the step (54), and analyzing the regional characteristic rule of the silt deposit risk of the reservoirs;
(56) And (5) determining the reservoir in the area I as an engineering object which urgently needs silt sedimentation risk control and function recovery according to the analysis result in the step (55).
(6) Determining reservoir sediment deposition risk control measures and engineering quantity schemes;
(61) Aiming at the engineering objects for controlling the sediment deposition risk and recovering the functions determined in the step (56), preliminarily drawing up a plurality of sediment deposition risk control and function recovery schemes of all the objects;
(62) Calculating Q after implementing different silt sedimentation risk control and function recovery schemes in (61) of all reservoirs in the region I according to the method in the step (1) sin 、Q in 、J、D 50 、H、L；
(63) Calculating the sedimentation degree R of the reservoir after different silt sedimentation risk control and function recovery schemes are implemented in the reservoir (61) in the region I according to the step (21);
(64) According to the step (33), calculating the silt flushing balance coefficient K of the reservoir after different silt sedimentation risk control and function recovery schemes of the reservoirs in the area I are implemented in the step (61);
(65) According to the calculation results of the step (63) and the step (64), drawing sediment accumulation risk evaluation points of the reservoirs in the area I after different schemes are implemented in a two-dimensional sediment accumulation risk evaluation chart of the reservoir;
(66) Judging the effects of the sediment accumulation risk control and function recovery schemes of the reservoirs of different reservoirs according to the sediment accumulation risk evaluation point positions of the reservoirs implemented by different schemes in the step (65), wherein the effect of the sediment accumulation risk evaluation point in the region III is the best;
(67) And (6) according to the implementation effect of each scheme in the step (66), combining budgets of the scheme of implementing reservoir sediment deposition risk control and function recovery by a reservoir management unit, and selecting reservoir sediment deposition risk control measures and engineering quantity schemes.
The invention relates to a two-dimensional evaluation system for reservoir sediment accumulation risks, which comprises:
the evaluation index determination module is used for determining the evaluation index of the sediment deposition risk of the reservoir according to the sediment deposition amount of the reservoir, the Laishui conditions, the sediment deposition form of the reservoir and the distribution condition of the sediment particle size, and comprises the following steps: design reservoir capacity V of silt flushing balance reservoir and non-silt flushing balance reservoir 0 Evaluating the current annual storage capacity V and the annual average flood period warehousing sand conveying rate Q s Average flood season warehousing flow Q for many years in Reservoir bed gradient J, median diameter D of silt in storage in multi-year average flood period 50 ；
The evaluation module is used for calculating and evaluating annual reservoir sedimentation degree R according to reservoir sedimentation survey data and evaluating the current situation of reservoir sediment sedimentation; fitting a reservoir erosion and deposition balance line according to the erosion and deposition balance reservoir parameters, calculating a reservoir erosion and deposition balance coefficient K, and evaluating the future development trend of the reservoir sediment deposition;
the evaluation chart drawing module is used for constructing a two-dimensional evaluation chart of the reservoir sediment deposition risk by taking the reservoir silt flushing balance coefficient K as an abscissa and the reservoir sediment degree R as an ordinate, and determining the reservoir sediment deposition risk level according to the evaluation chart;
the regional characteristic analysis module is used for determining the sediment deposition risk level of all the reservoirs in the evaluation region and determining a deposition risk control reservoir;
and the control measure and engineering quantity scheme determining module is used for preliminarily drawing up a reservoir sediment deposition risk control scheme, calculating the position of the deposition risk control reservoir in the two-dimensional evaluation chart after each scheme is implemented, comparing each scheme, and determining the reservoir sediment deposition risk control measure and the engineering quantity scheme.
An apparatus of the present invention includes a memory and a processor, wherein:
a memory for storing a computer program capable of running on the processor;
and the processor is used for executing the steps of the two-dimensional evaluation method for the sediment accumulation risk of the reservoir when the computer program is run, and achieving the technical effects consistent with the method.
The storage medium of the invention stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by at least one processor to realize the steps of the two-dimensional evaluation method for the sediment accumulation risk of the reservoir, and achieve the technical effects consistent with the method.
Example (b):
taking the Longyang fyday reservoir as an example to carry out two-dimensional evaluation on silt deposition risk of the reservoir, the method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining an evaluation index of silt deposition risk of the Longyang fynit reservoir;
the design reservoir capacity V can be known by looking up reservoir design parameter data, reservoir topographic survey data and hydrological yearbook data 0 Is 247.0 hundred million m 3 The status quo stock capacity V in 2019 is 242.9 hundred million m 3 The statistical time period of the evaluation index is 2006-2017, and the average flood season warehousing sand conveying rate Q of a plurality of years sin 0.5936t/s, and the average flood season warehousing flow rate Q of many years in Is 933m 3 And/s, the water depth before the annual average flood season dam is 115.68m, the annual average flood season backwater length is 98km, the reservoir riverbed gradient J is 0.00118, and the annual average flood season warehousing sediment median particle diameter D 50 Is 0.02mm.
(2) Evaluating the current situation of reservoir sediment deposition;
according to the design storage capacity V obtained in the step (1) 0 (billion m) 3 ) Evaluation of the annual status library volume V (hundred million m) 3 ) Calculating and evaluating annual reservoir silt sedimentation degree R = (247.0-242.9)/247.0 =1.66%; according to the International Commission on dam 147 of the segmentation and Sustainable Use of Reservoirs and River Systems, the Longyang reservoir is a power generating reservoir, R 0 =80%, then R<R 0 The current situation of reservoir silt deposition is not serious.
(3) Evaluating the future development trend of reservoir sediment deposition;
multi-year average flood season warehousing sand conveying rate Q for combing erosion and deposition balance reservoirs of Wanjiazhai, bronze gorge, middy sea and the like in erosion and deposition balance period sin (t/s) and annual average flood period warehousing flow Q in (m 3 /s), reservoir bed gradient J, median diameter D of sediment stored in a multi-year average flood period 50 (mm) and the like, fitting to obtain a reservoir erosion-deposition balance relational expression:
Q sin D 50 ＝0.0291Q in J
warehousing sand conveying rate Q according to the multi-year average flood season of the Longyang fyngs reservoir in the step (1) sin (t/s) and annual average flood season warehousing flow rate Q in (m 3 /s), reservoir bed gradient J, median diameter D of sediment stored in a multi-year average flood period 50 Index in (mm) in Q in J =1.101 is abscissa, Q sin D 50 =0.012 as ordinate, calculating reservoir erosion-deposition balance coefficient K = Q sin D 50 /Q in J =0.0109, reservoir erosion-deposition balance coefficient K<0.0291, the reservoir is developing towards the erosion-deposition equilibrium state, and the deposition risk is lower.
(4) Constructing a two-dimensional evaluation chart of the sediment sedimentation risk of the reservoir;
and comprehensively considering the current situation evaluation of reservoir sediment deposition and the future development trend evaluation of reservoir sediment deposition, and constructing a two-dimensional evaluation chart of the reservoir sediment deposition risk by taking the reservoir sediment impact balance coefficient K as a horizontal coordinate and the reservoir sediment deposition degree R as a vertical coordinate. In a two-dimensional evaluation chart of reservoir sediment deposition risk, a reservoir sediment impact balance coefficient threshold value K 0 And reservoir silt sedimentation degree threshold value R 0 The reservoir is divided into four risk levels: i high risk reservoir, II current situation deposition risk high future deposition development risk low reservoir, III low risk reservoir, IV current situation deposition risk low future deposition development risk high reservoir, as shown in figure 3, reservoir erosion and siltation balance coefficient K is greater than threshold K 0 And the silt sedimentation degree R of the reservoir is greater than the threshold value R 0 The area is divided into I high-risk reservoirs, and the erosion-siltation balance coefficient K of the reservoirs is smaller than the threshold value K of the reservoirs 0 And the silt sedimentation degree R of the reservoir is greater than the threshold value R 0 The area is divided into II current situation reservoirs with high sedimentation risk and low future sedimentation development risk, and the reservoir erosion balance coefficient K is less than the threshold value K 0 And the silt deposition degree R of the reservoir is less than the threshold value R 0 The area is divided into III low-risk reservoirs, and the erosion-siltation balance coefficient K of the reservoirs is greater than the threshold value K of the reservoirs 0 And the silt deposition degree R of the reservoir is less than the threshold value R 0 The area of the method is divided into IV current reservoirs with low sedimentation risk and high future sedimentation development risk.
And (3) according to the current state evaluation result of the reservoir sediment accumulation in the step (2) and the future development trend evaluation result of the reservoir sediment accumulation in the step (3), drawing a sediment accumulation risk evaluation point of the Longyangxi reservoir in a two-dimensional evaluation chart of the reservoir sediment accumulation risk, and determining and evaluating the sediment accumulation risk level of the reservoir, as shown in fig. 3.
(5) Analyzing regional characteristics of silt sedimentation risks of reservoirs in the yellow river basin;
taking the yellow river basin reservoir group as an example, regional characteristic analysis of reservoir sediment deposition risk is carried out (table 1). Different reservoirs have different application stages, and the silt sedimentation risk evaluation indexes of the reservoirs are different. According to the method in the step (1), the sediment deposition risk evaluation indexes of all reservoirs in the yellow river basin are calculated, including Q sin 、Q in 、J、D 50 H, L, calculating the sedimentation degree R and the erosion-deposition balance coefficient K of all reservoirs.
Table 1 yellow river basin sediment deposition risk assessment research reservoir information table
According to the calculation results of the sediment degree R and the erosion-deposition balance coefficient K, sediment deposition risk evaluation points of all reservoirs are drawn in a reservoir sediment deposition risk evaluation chart, the distribution conditions of the reservoirs in the areas I, II, III and IV are determined, the regional characteristic rule of the sediment deposition risk of the reservoirs is analyzed, and the three gorges reservoir and the overbridge reservoir in the area I are determined as engineering objects needing sediment deposition risk control and function recovery urgently, and the figure 4 shows.
(6) Determining reservoir sediment deposition risk control measures and engineering quantity schemes;
aiming at the engineering objects of silt sedimentation risk control and function recovery determined in the step (5), taking the three gorges reservoir as an example, three silt sedimentation risk control and function recovery schemes (table 2) are preliminarily formulated, and Q of the three gorges reservoir after the implementation of different silt sedimentation risk control and function recovery schemes is calculated sin 、Q in 、J、D 50 H, L; and calculating the sedimentation degree R and the erosion-silt balance coefficient K of the reservoir after different silt sedimentation risk control and function recovery schemes are implemented, and drawing silt sedimentation risk evaluation points of the three gorges reservoir after different schemes are implemented in a two-dimensional reservoir silt sedimentation risk evaluation graph, which is shown in figure 5. FIG. 5 shows that the three gorges reservoir is located in the area III after the third embodiment, so the silt sedimentation risk control and function recovery effects of the third embodiment are the bestThe method adopts an engineering scheme combining two modes of mechanical dredging and planting trees and grass.
TABLE 2 Risk control and function recovery scheme for silt deposition in three gorges reservoir
The invention relates to a two-dimensional evaluation method for reservoir sediment deposition risk, which comprehensively considers factors such as reservoir sediment amount, incoming water and incoming sand conditions, sediment particle size distribution, slope drop and the like, quantifies and evaluates the reservoir sediment deposition risk from two aspects of reservoir sediment current situation and future development trend, accurately identifies a reservoir group with the most urgent needs for sediment control and reservoir capacity recovery, and provides a reservoir sediment deposition risk control scheme as an important basis for reservoir sediment control and function recovery.
Claims (10)
1. A two-dimensional assessment method for reservoir sediment deposition risks is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) According to reservoir deposition, incoming water sediment condition, reservoir deposition form and sediment particle size distribution, confirm reservoir sediment deposition risk evaluation index, include: design reservoir capacity V of erosion-deposition balance reservoir and evaluation reservoir 0 Evaluating the current annual storage capacity V and the annual average flood period warehousing sand conveying rate Q sin Average flood season warehousing flow Q for many years in Reservoir bed gradient J, median diameter D of silt in storage in multi-year average flood period 50 ；
(2) According to reservoir sedimentation survey data, calculating and evaluating annual reservoir sedimentation degree R, and evaluating the current situation of reservoir sediment sedimentation;
(3) Fitting a reservoir erosion and deposition balance line according to the erosion and deposition balance reservoir parameters, calculating a reservoir erosion and deposition balance coefficient K, and evaluating the future development trend of the reservoir sediment deposition;
(4) Constructing a two-dimensional evaluation chart of reservoir sediment deposition risk, performing reservoir sediment deposition risk partition evaluation, and determining a reservoir sediment deposition risk level;
(5) Counting all reservoir sedimentation indexes in an evaluation area, calculating reservoir sediment sedimentation risk grade distribution, carrying out regional characteristic analysis on reservoir sediment sedimentation risks in the evaluation area, and determining a sediment risk control reservoir;
(6) Preliminarily drawing up a reservoir sediment deposition risk control scheme, calculating the position of the reservoir in a two-dimensional evaluation chart after each scheme is implemented, comparing each scheme, and determining reservoir sediment deposition risk control measures and engineering quantity schemes.
2. The two-dimensional assessment method for sediment accumulation risks in a reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (1), under the condition that the reservoir bed gradient J lacks actual measurement data, the water depth H before the annual average flood season dam and the annual average flood season backwater length L are calculated according to reservoir scheduling data, and the calculation formula is as follows:
J＝H/L。
3. the two-dimensional evaluation method for sediment accumulation risk of reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) is specifically as follows:
according to the design storage capacity V obtained in the step (1) 0 Evaluating the annual current situation storage capacity V, and calculating the annual reservoir sedimentation degree R;
when R is not less than R 0 In time, the current situation of reservoir silt deposition is serious; when R is<R 0 In the meantime, the current situation of reservoir silt deposition is not serious, wherein R 0 Is the reservoir sedimentation degree threshold value.
4. The two-dimensional evaluation method for sediment accumulation risk of reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) comprises the following steps:
(31) Warehousing the annual average flood season sand conveying rate Q selected in the step (1) sin Average flood season warehousing flow Q for many years in Reservoir bed gradient J, median diameter D of silt in storage in multi-year average flood period 50 Substituting into the river channel erosion and deposition balance formula QJ-GD 50 And obtaining a reservoir silt flushing balance relational expression:
Q sin D 50 ～Q in J
(32) Screening out the multi-year average flood season warehousing sand conveying rate Q of the erosion and deposition balance reservoir according to the reservoir data in the step (1) sin Average flood season warehousing flow Q for many years in Reservoir bed gradient J, median diameter D of silt in storage in multi-year average flood period 50 Fitting a reservoir erosion and deposition balance line;
Q sin D 50 ＝K 0 Q in J
wherein, K 0 The reservoir silt flushing balance coefficient is a threshold value;
(33) Warehousing sand conveying rate Q according to the annual average flood season obtained in the step (1) sin Average flood season warehousing flow Q for many years in Reservoir bed gradient J, median diameter D of silt in storage in multi-year average flood period 50 Index, in Q in J is the abscissa, Q sin D 50 Calculating a reservoir silt flushing balance coefficient K for the ordinate, and drawing a reservoir silt development trend evaluation point;
wherein, the reservoir erosion-deposition balance coefficient K = K 0 In time, the reservoir reaches a flushing and silting balance state; when K is>K 0 In time, reservoirs tend to continuously deposit, with a higher risk of depositing; when K is<K 0 In time, the reservoir still develops towards the erosion and deposition balance state, and the deposition risk is lower.
5. The two-dimensional evaluation method for sediment accumulation risk of reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) comprises the following steps:
(41) Comprehensively considering the current situation evaluation of reservoir sediment deposition and the future development trend evaluation of reservoir sediment deposition, and constructing a two-dimensional evaluation chart of reservoir sediment deposition risk by taking a reservoir sediment impact balance coefficient K as a horizontal coordinate and a reservoir sediment deposition degree R as a vertical coordinate;
in a reservoir sediment deposition risk two-dimensional evaluation graph, a sediment impact balance coefficient threshold value K 0 And reservoir sedimentation degree threshold value R 0 Reservoirs are classified into four categories: i, a high-risk reservoir, II, a low-risk reservoir with high current deposition risk and low future deposition development risk, III, and IV, a reservoir with low current deposition risk and high future deposition development risk;
(42) Drawing a reservoir sediment deposition risk evaluation point in a reservoir sediment deposition risk evaluation graph according to the reservoir sediment deposition current situation evaluation result in the step (2) and the reservoir sediment deposition future development trend evaluation result in the step (3);
(43) And (4) determining a silt deposition risk subarea of the reservoir to be evaluated according to the position of the reservoir deposition risk evaluation point obtained in the step (42).
6. The two-dimensional assessment method for sediment accumulation risk of reservoir according to claim 1, wherein step (5) comprises the following steps:
(51) Calculating the sediment deposition risk evaluation index Q of each reservoir for all reservoirs in the evaluation area sin 、Q in 、J、D 50 H, L, and the sedimentation degree R and the erosion-silt balance coefficient K of each reservoir;
(52) According to the sedimentation degree R and the erosion-deposition balance coefficient K of each reservoir, drawing sediment sedimentation risk evaluation points of all reservoirs in an evaluation area in a two-dimensional sediment sedimentation risk evaluation graph of the reservoirs;
(53) Determining the distribution conditions of the reservoirs in the I area, the II area, the III area and the IV area in the evaluation area according to the positions of the silt deposit risk evaluation points of all the reservoirs in the step (52), and analyzing the regional characteristic rule of the silt deposit risk of the reservoirs;
(54) And (5) determining the reservoir in the region I as an engineering object which needs silt deposition risk control and function recovery urgently according to the regional characteristic rule of the reservoir silt deposition risk in the step (53).
7. The two-dimensional assessment method for sediment accumulation risk of reservoir according to claim 1, wherein step (6) comprises the following steps:
(61) Preliminarily drawing up a plurality of sediment sedimentation risk control and function recovery schemes aiming at the sedimentation risk control reservoir determined in the step (5);
(62) Calculating silt deposition risk evaluation index Q of deposition risk control reservoir after implementing each silt deposition risk control and function recovery scheme sin 、Q in 、J、D 50 H, L, and the siltation degree R and the erosion-deposition balance coefficient K;
(63) Drawing sediment accumulation risk evaluation points of the reservoir after different schemes are implemented in a reservoir sediment accumulation risk two-dimensional evaluation chart according to the sediment accumulation degree R and the erosion-deposition balance coefficient K calculated in the step (62);
(64) Judging the effects of the sediment accumulation risk control and function recovery schemes of different reservoirs according to the sediment accumulation risk evaluation point positions of the reservoirs after the different schemes in the step (63) are implemented;
(65) And (4) according to the implementation effect of each scheme in the step (64), combining the budgets of the water bank management unit implementation scheme and the function recovery scheme of reservoir sediment deposition risk control, and selecting a reservoir sediment deposition risk control measure and an engineering quantity scheme.
8. The utility model provides a two-dimentional evaluation system of reservoir silt deposit risk which characterized in that includes:
the evaluation index determination module is used for determining the risk evaluation index of the reservoir sediment deposition according to the reservoir sediment deposition amount, the incoming water sediment condition, the reservoir sediment deposition form and the sediment particle size distribution condition, and comprises the following steps: design reservoir capacity V of erosion-deposition balance reservoir and non-erosion-deposition balance reservoir 0 Evaluating the current annual storage capacity V and the annual average flood period warehousing sand conveying rate Q sin Average flood season warehousing flow Q for many years in Reservoir bed gradient J, median diameter D of silt in storage in multi-year average flood period 50 ；
The evaluation module is used for calculating and evaluating annual reservoir sedimentation degree R according to reservoir sedimentation survey data and evaluating the current situation of reservoir sediment sedimentation; fitting a reservoir erosion and deposition balance line according to the erosion and deposition balance reservoir parameters, calculating a reservoir erosion and deposition balance coefficient K, and evaluating the future development trend of the reservoir sediment deposition;
the evaluation chart drawing module is used for constructing a two-dimensional evaluation chart of the reservoir sediment deposition risk by taking the reservoir silt flushing balance coefficient K as an abscissa and the reservoir sediment degree R as an ordinate, and determining the reservoir sediment deposition risk level according to the evaluation chart;
the regional characteristic analysis module is used for determining the sediment deposition risk level of all the reservoirs in the evaluation region and determining a deposition risk control reservoir;
and the control measure and engineering quantity scheme determining module is used for preliminarily drawing up a reservoir sediment deposition risk control scheme, calculating the position of the deposition risk control reservoir in the two-dimensional evaluation chart after each scheme is implemented, comparing each scheme, and determining the reservoir sediment deposition risk control measure and the engineering quantity scheme.
9. An apparatus, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein:
a memory for storing a computer program capable of running on the processor;
a processor for performing the steps of the method for two-dimensional assessment of the risk of silt deposition in a reservoir according to any of claims 1 to 7 when running said computer program.
10. A storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by at least one processor, performs the steps of the method of two-dimensional assessment of risk of silt deposition in a reservoir according to any of claims 1-7.
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| CN117556184B (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-03-26 | 长江水利委员会水文局 | Method, system and medium for reducing sediment transport amount of downstream river channel of reservoir in sandy area |
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