CN115542394A - Method for improving seismic resolution by using spectral inversion - Google Patents

Method for improving seismic resolution by using spectral inversion Download PDF

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CN115542394A
CN115542394A CN202211295285.7A CN202211295285A CN115542394A CN 115542394 A CN115542394 A CN 115542394A CN 202211295285 A CN202211295285 A CN 202211295285A CN 115542394 A CN115542394 A CN 115542394A
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seismic
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frequency domain
resolution
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于建群
聂可可
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Geocos Beijing Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/307—Analysis for determining seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, instantaneous phase or frequency, reflection strength or polarity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/63—Seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, polarity, instant phase
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/65—Source localisation, e.g. faults, hypocenters or reservoirs

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving seismic resolution by using spectral inversion, which comprises the following steps: acquiring seismic data and loading the seismic data; extracting seismic wavelet data from the seismic data, transforming the seismic wavelet data to a frequency domain W (f), and transforming the seismic data to a frequency domain S (f); performing odd-even decomposition on the frequency domain through a reflection coefficient frequency domain expression, and acquiring a target function; the objective function is analyzed by spectral decomposition. According to the invention, the reflection coefficient can be calculated from the in-situ seismic record data volume by utilizing a spectrum inversion technology, and the reflection coefficient is convolved with the compressed seismic wavelet, so that a seismic record profile with improved resolution can be obtained, the seismic record profile can be applied to the aspects of reservoir positioning, seismic attribute analysis and the like, and a small-scale geological target can be more easily identified by utilizing the seismic record profile with improved resolution.

Description

Method for improving seismic resolution by using spectral inversion
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil-gas exploration, in particular to a method for improving seismic resolution by using spectrum inversion.
Background
Petroleum and natural gas have been important energy sources related to national economic development and national life convenience. With the rapid development of national economy, the demand for oil and gas is greatly increased year by year, however, as the oil and gas are exploited in large scale in the last decades, the oil and gas in conventional geographical areas which are easy to explore and exploit are almost exhausted. The goal of hydrocarbon exploration begins to target unconventional geological formations, such as small-scale geological moon-marks like sea reservoirs, small fractures, etc., and hydrocarbon development in these areas becomes an important research subject.
However, in exploration and development of thin reservoirs, the accuracy problem of seismic recording profile imaging is increasingly prominent, because positioning of a sea layer through a seismic recording profile plays a crucial role in subsequent well location design and reservoir positioning, and techniques such as geostatistical and prediction are adopted, which all obtain some actual seismic data processing effects to a certain extent, but most processing methods depend on original seismic recording data and are inevitably influenced by in-situ seismic recording resolution, and the processing results are always not ideal. Especially in the process of identifying the small-scale geological target, if the identification is purely dependent on the original seismic data, the identification is more difficult, and the deviation of a processing result is larger.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the art described above. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving seismic resolution by spectral inversion, which can calculate reflection coefficients from an in-situ seismic record data volume by using a spectral inversion technique, convolve the reflection coefficients with compressed seismic wavelets to obtain a seismic record profile with improved resolution, and can be applied to reservoir location, seismic attribute analysis, and the like, so that a small-scale geological target can be more easily identified by using the seismic record profile with improved resolution.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a device for improving seismic resolution by using spectrum inversion.
A third object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for improving seismic resolution by spectral inversion.
A fourth object of the invention is to propose a computer-readable storage medium.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for improving seismic resolution using spectral inversion, comprising:
acquiring seismic data and loading the seismic data;
extracting seismic wavelet data from the seismic data, transforming the seismic wavelet data to a frequency domain W (f), and transforming the seismic data to a frequency domain S (f);
performing odd-even decomposition on the frequency domain through a reflection coefficient frequency domain expression, and acquiring a target function;
the objective function is analyzed by spectral decomposition.
Preferably, the extracting the seismic wavelet data from the seismic data includes statistically extracting seismic wavelets from the seismic data and extracting minimum phase wavelets by a multi-channel statistical method.
Preferably, the step of obtaining the minimum phase wavelet is as follows:
establishing a wavelet spectral domain expression: w (ω) = | W (ω) | e jπω ；
The wavelet amplitude spectrum and thus the wavelet log spectrum may be obtained via the frequency domain expression of the wavelet spectrum, and the wavelet log spectrum may be obtained
Figure BDA0003902383230000021
Is expressed in frequency domain
Figure BDA0003902383230000022
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003902383230000023
solving the phase spectrum phi (omega) of the seismic wavelet by InW (omega) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003902383230000024
calculating a seismic wavelet W (t) of a time domain through Fourier inverse transformation, wherein the seismic wavelet W (t) of the time domain is obtained by W (omega) and a team phi (omega):
Figure BDA0003902383230000025
preferably, the odd-even decomposition is performed on the frequency domain through the reflection coefficient frequency domain expression, and in obtaining the objective function, the objective function is as follows:
Figure BDA0003902383230000031
Figure BDA0003902383230000032
wherein w (t, f) is the amplitude spectrum of the seismic wavelet, s (t, f) is the amplitude spectrum of the seismic record, r 0 (t) is the odd component of the sequence of reflection coefficients, r e (t) is the even component of the sequence of reflection coefficients, f L To a low cut-off frequency, f H For high frequency-cut, T i Is the spacing between the ith layer and the bottom N-i +1 layer, a e And a 0 Are weighting coefficients whose ratio is determined according to the signal-to-noise ratio.
Preferably, in the analysis of the target function through the spectral decomposition, the spectral inversion algorithm is verified, a thin interbed reflection coefficient model is preset, the rake wavelet is selected to be analyzed for synthesizing the seismic record, and the correctness and the rationality of the spectral inversion are verified and whether the thin layer can be identified or not through comparing the original reflection coefficient model with the inversion result.
Preferably, the seismic wavelets transform the time domain signals into the frequency domain by fourier transform, using a common trade-gradient method to find the optimal solution.
The invention also provides a device for improving seismic resolution by using spectral inversion, which comprises:
the data loading module is used for acquiring seismic data and loading the seismic data;
the data conversion module is used for extracting seismic wavelet data from the seismic data, transforming the seismic wavelet data into a frequency domain W (f) and transforming the seismic data into a frequency domain S (f);
the data analysis module is used for carrying out odd-even decomposition on the frequency domain through the reflection coefficient frequency domain expression and acquiring a target function;
and the data analysis module is also used for analyzing the target function through spectral decomposition.
The invention also provides a device for improving seismic resolution by spectrum inversion, which is an entity device, and comprises:
the system comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor and the memory are in communication connection with the processor;
the memory is used for storing executable instructions executed by at least one processor, and the processor is used for executing the executable instructions to realize the method for improving the seismic resolution by spectrum inversion.
The invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements a method for improving seismic resolution using spectral inversion as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the reflection coefficient can be calculated from the in-situ seismic record data volume by utilizing a spectrum inversion technology, and the reflection coefficient is convolved with the compressed seismic wavelet, so that a seismic record profile with improved resolution can be obtained, the seismic record profile can be applied to the aspects of reservoir positioning, seismic attribute analysis and the like, and a small-scale geological target can be more easily identified by utilizing the seismic record profile with improved resolution.
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FIG. 1 is a main flow chart of a method for improving seismic resolution by spectral inversion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a structure of a device for improving seismic resolution by using spectral inversion according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The main execution body of the method of this embodiment is a terminal, and the terminal may be a device such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a PDA, a notebook, or a desktop, and certainly may also be another device with similar functions, which is not limited in this embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for improving seismic resolution by spectrum inversion, which is applied to seismic signal spectrum inversion, and includes:
s101, acquiring seismic data and loading the seismic data;
s102, extracting seismic wavelet data from the seismic data, transforming the seismic wavelet data to a frequency domain W (f), and transforming the seismic data to a frequency domain S (f);
s103, performing odd-even decomposition on the frequency domain through a reflection coefficient frequency domain expression, and acquiring a target function;
and S104, analyzing the target function through spectral decomposition.
The seismic signal spectrum inversion technology has the theoretical advantages that under ideal conditions, namely the seismic wavelet is known, the resolution of seismic records can be greatly improved by continuously adjusting the position and the size of a reflection coefficient under the condition of not considering noise influence, a target function of spectrum inversion has strong convergence and restraint capability after a restraint term is added, a convergence solution can be obtained within a few iteration times, a high-resolution reflection coefficient section is inverted, and a thin layer and a boundary thereof are finely carved.
Further, the extracting of the seismic wavelet data from the seismic data includes extracting seismic wavelets from the seismic data by a statistical method, and extracting minimum phase wavelets by a multichannel statistical method.
The wavelet extraction is used for extracting seismic wavelets from the original seismic record for spectrum inversion, the precision of the wavelet extraction has a great influence on the quality of a spectrum inversion result, therefore, the wavelet extraction becomes an important link of spectrum inversion work, the resolution of the spectrum inversion result is possibly lower than that of the original seismic record due to the fact that the wavelet extraction is not accurate, and otherwise, if the wavelet extraction is accurate, accurate reflection coefficient sequences and seismic record data with greatly improved resolution are obtained.
Further, the step of obtaining the minimum phase wavelet is as follows:
establishing a wavelet spectral domain expression: w (ω) = | W (ω) | e jπω ；
The wavelet amplitude spectrum and thus the wavelet log spectrum may be obtained via the frequency domain expression of the wavelet spectrum, and the wavelet log spectrum may be obtained
Figure BDA0003902383230000051
Is expressed in frequency domain
Figure BDA0003902383230000052
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003902383230000053
the phase spectrum phi (omega) of the seismic wavelet solved by InW (omega) is formulated as follows:
Figure BDA0003902383230000061
calculating a seismic wavelet W (t) of a time domain through Fourier inverse transformation, wherein the seismic wavelet W (t) of the time domain is obtained by W (omega) and a team phi (omega):
Figure BDA0003902383230000062
further, the odd-even decomposition is performed on the frequency domain through the reflection coefficient frequency domain expression, and an objective function is obtained, where the objective function is as follows:
Figure BDA0003902383230000063
Figure BDA0003902383230000064
wherein w (t, f) is the amplitude spectrum of the seismic waveletS (t, f) is the amplitude spectrum of the seismic recording, r 0 (t) is the odd component of the sequence of reflection coefficients, r e (t) is the even component of the sequence of reflection coefficients, f L For low cut-off frequency, f H For high frequency-cut, T i Is the spacing between the ith layer and the bottom N-i +1 layer, a e And a 0 Are weighting coefficients whose ratio is determined according to the signal-to-noise ratio.
When the target function without the constraint term is solved through the algorithm, the convergence speed and the inversion effect are ideal, and the method can quickly converge and has a more accurate inversion result.
Furthermore, in the analysis of the target function through the spectrum decomposition, a spectrum inversion algorithm is verified, a thin interbed reflection coefficient model is preset, a rake wavelet is selected to synthesize a seismic record for analysis, the correctness and the rationality of spectrum inversion are verified through the comparison between the original reflection coefficient model and an inversion result, and whether a thin layer can be identified or not is verified.
According to the trap characteristic in the thin layer model frequency spectrum, the reflection coefficient amplitude spectrum is a multi-extreme value periodic function with equal amplitude, the number of periods corresponds to the time thickness between i layers, the frequency spectrum extreme value moves to the low-frequency direction along with the increase of the thickness, and the seismic wavelet has an obvious effect of reforming the reflection coefficient frequency spectrum and mainly depends on the frequency spectrum range of the seismic wavelet.
Further, the seismic wavelets transform the time domain signals into the frequency domain by fourier transform, using a common trade gradient method to find the optimal solution.
The seismic data resolution can be improved to a certain extent by transforming the seismic records into a frequency domain through discrete Fourier transform, describing the transient thin-layer thickness change condition by using an amplitude spectrum and describing the discontinuity of a transverse geological structure by using a phase spectrum.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the present invention further provides an apparatus for improving seismic resolution by spectral inversion, which is used for supporting the method for improving seismic resolution by spectral inversion according to the foregoing embodiment, and the apparatus for improving seismic resolution by spectral inversion includes:
a data loading module 21 for acquiring seismic data and loading the seismic data;
a data conversion module 22 for extracting seismic wavelet data from the seismic data, transforming the seismic wavelet data to a frequency domain W (f), and transforming the seismic data to a frequency domain S (f);
the data analysis module 23 is configured to perform odd-even decomposition on the frequency domain through the reflection coefficient frequency domain expression, and obtain an objective function;
the data analysis module 23 is further configured to analyze the objective function through spectral decomposition.
Further, the device for improving the seismic resolution by using the spectrum inversion can operate the method for improving the seismic resolution by using the spectrum inversion, and specific implementation can be referred to a method embodiment, which is not described herein again.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the present invention further provides an apparatus for improving seismic resolution by spectrum inversion, where the apparatus for improving seismic resolution by spectrum inversion includes:
the system comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is in communication connection with the memory;
in this embodiment, the memory may be implemented in any suitable manner, such as: the memory can be a read-only memory, a mechanical hard disk, a solid state disk, a U disk or the like; the memory is used for storing executable instructions executed by at least one processor;
in this embodiment, the processor may be implemented in any suitable manner, for example, the processor may take the form of a microprocessor or processor and a computer-readable medium that stores computer-readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro) processor, logic gates, switches, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic controller, an embedded microcontroller, and so forth; the processor is configured to execute the executable instructions to implement a method for improving seismic resolution using spectral inversion as described above.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the present invention further provides a computer readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method for improving seismic resolution by spectral inversion as described above.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative modules and method steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
It can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and simplicity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described apparatuses, devices and modules may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus, device and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the modules is only one logical functional division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of modules or units may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or devices, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The modules described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as modules may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional modules in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each of the modules may exist alone physically, or two or more modules are integrated into one module.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention or a part thereof, which essentially contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: u disk, removable hard disk, read-only memory server, random access memory server, magnetic disk or optical disk, etc. capable of storing program instructions.
It should be noted that the combination of the features in the present application is not limited to the combination described in the claims or the combination described in the embodiments, and all the features described in the present application may be freely combined or combined in any manner unless contradictory to each other.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific examples of the present invention, and obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and many similar variations exist. All modifications which would occur to one skilled in the art and which are, therefore, directly derived or suggested from the disclosure herein are deemed to be within the scope of the present invention.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for improving seismic resolution using spectral inversion, comprising:
acquiring seismic data and loading the seismic data;
extracting seismic wavelet data from the seismic data, transforming the seismic wavelet data to a frequency domain W (f), and transforming the seismic data to a frequency domain S (f);
performing odd-even decomposition on the frequency domain through a reflection coefficient frequency domain expression, and acquiring a target function;
the objective function is analyzed by spectral decomposition.
2. The method for improving seismic resolution using spectral inversion of claim 1, wherein said extracting seismic wavelet data from the seismic data comprises statistically extracting seismic wavelets from the seismic data and extracting minimum phase wavelets from the seismic data using a plurality of statistical methods.
3. The method for improving seismic resolution through spectral inversion according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the minimum phase wavelet is as follows:
establishing a wavelet spectral domain expression: w (ω) = | W (ω) | e jπω ；
The wavelet amplitude spectrum and thus the wavelet log spectrum may be obtained via the frequency domain expression of the wavelet spectrum, or the wavelet log spectrum
Figure FDA0003902383220000011
Frequency domain expression of
Figure FDA0003902383220000012
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003902383220000013
solving the phase spectrum phi (omega) of the seismic wavelet from In | W (omega) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003902383220000014
calculating a seismic wavelet W (t) of a time domain through Fourier inverse transformation, wherein the seismic wavelet W (t) of the time domain is obtained by W (omega) and a team phi (omega):
Figure FDA0003902383220000015
4. the method for improving seismic resolution through spectral inversion according to claim 1, wherein the frequency domain is subjected to odd-even decomposition through a reflection coefficient frequency domain expression, and an objective function is obtained, wherein the objective function is as follows:
Figure FDA0003902383220000021
Figure FDA0003902383220000022
wherein w (t, f) is the amplitude spectrum of the seismic wavelet, s (t, f) is the amplitude spectrum of the seismic record, r 0 (t) is the odd component of the sequence of reflection coefficients, r e (t) is the even component of the sequence of reflection coefficients, f L To a low cut-off frequency, f H For high frequency cut-off, T i Is the spacing between the ith layer and the bottom N-i +1 layer, a e And a 0 Are weighting coefficients whose ratio is determined according to the signal-to-noise ratio.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the analysis of the target function by spectral decomposition is performed by verifying a spectral inversion algorithm, presetting a thin interbed reflection coefficient model, selecting a Rake wavelet to synthesize a seismic record for analysis, and comparing an original reflection coefficient model with an inversion result to verify the correctness and rationality of the spectral inversion and whether the thin layer can be identified.
6. The method for improving seismic resolution using spectral inversion of claim 5, wherein said seismic wavelets are transformed from time domain signals to frequency domain by Fourier transform, using a common trade gradient method to find the optimal solution.
7. An apparatus for improving seismic resolution using spectral inversion, comprising:
the data loading module is used for acquiring seismic data and loading the seismic data;
the data conversion module is used for extracting seismic wavelet data from the seismic data, transforming the seismic wavelet data into a frequency domain W (f) and transforming the seismic data into a frequency domain S (f);
the data analysis module is used for carrying out odd-even decomposition on the frequency domain through the reflection coefficient frequency domain expression and acquiring a target function;
and the data analysis module is also used for analyzing the target function through spectral decomposition.
8. An apparatus for improving seismic resolution using spectral inversion, the apparatus comprising:
the system comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor and the memory are in communication connection with the processor;
the memory is configured to store executable instructions for execution by at least one of the processors, the processor being configured to execute the executable instructions to implement the method for improving seismic resolution using spectral inversion according to any of claims 1 to 6.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out a method for improving seismic resolution by spectral inversion according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
CN202211295285.7A 2022-10-21 2022-10-21 Method for improving seismic resolution by using spectral inversion Pending CN115542394A (en)

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