CN115537660A - Low-density high-strength hot-rolled spring flat steel and production method thereof - Google Patents
Low-density high-strength hot-rolled spring flat steel and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-density high-strength hot-rolled spring flat steel which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.50 to 0.75 percent of C, 0.80 to 1.50 percent of Si, 15.0 to 20.0 percent of Mn, 12.0 to 17.0 percent of Al, 0.20 to 0.65 percent of V, 2.0 to 7.0 percent of Mg, 0.002 to 0.005 percent of B, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; and simultaneously controlling the ratio of (V + 80B)/C to be less than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3. The invention can effectively reduce the density of the steel, simultaneously can effectively give consideration to good mechanical strength and fatigue resistance, has simple production process and low production cost, does not need to greatly change the existing production equipment and process flow, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel and preparation thereof, and particularly relates to low-density high-strength hot-rolled spring flat steel and a production method thereof.
Background
The weight reduction of automobiles inevitably requires the weight reduction of automobile parts. The heavy-duty car adopts the high-strength spring flat steel and can reduce 30-50% of the self mass of the steel plate spring assembly, and the total weight of the steel plate spring is reduced by improving the thickness of each flat steel and reducing the total number of assembled sheets, so that the aim of lightening the car parts is fulfilled. At present, the adopted lightweight technical route mainly comprises the following steps: multiple leaf springs → few leaf springs → single leaf spring.
Generally, spring flat steel must be used after quenching and tempering heat treatment, the steel hardenability requirement is higher and higher along with the increase of the thickness of steel, otherwise once the steel cannot be fully quenched, the metallurgical structure is not appropriate and the strength is reduced, and the damping purpose of the steel plate spring cannot be met. The method is limited by a processing technology and controlled by extremely-high production cost, and achieves the purpose of reducing the weight of the automobile plate spring by increasing the hardenability of steel and reducing the thickness of steel and using the number of sheets, and the current bottleneck is met.
At present, research reports of certain low-density steel are reported, such as: patent CN103820735A discloses an ultrahigh strength C-Al-Mn-Si series low density steel, but the related production process is complicated, the production period is long, the mass industrial production is difficult to carry out, and the tensile strength is only 960-1350 MPa, so that the requirements of high strength and light weight of a steel plate spring cannot be met; the patent CN112481555A discloses a low-density steel which is resistant to high-temperature oxidation corrosion; the related production process is complex, the production time is long, and the batch industrial production is difficult to carry out. The patent CN111663085A is a hot-rolled austenite low-density steel with ultrahigh strength and plasticity, and the steel mainly taking an austenite structure generally has the problems that the strength of the steel is low, the yield strength of the steel is generally less than 500MPa, the steel is greatly limited when being used as a structural component, and the steel is not beneficial to the development of light weight of an automobile.
In addition, with social progress and industrial development, the safety requirement of automobiles is higher and higher, and although the national standard requirement of the fatigue life of the steel plate spring is not less than 8 ten thousand times at present, most domestic famous host factories require not less than 10 ten thousand times, even not less than 12 ten thousand times. The high fatigue life spring flat steel can ensure that the plate spring component cannot be damaged due to premature fatigue under the action of long-term vibration and alternating stress; further exploring the spring flat steel which can effectively give consideration to the performances of low density, high strength, long fatigue life and the like, and having important research and application significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide the spring flat steel with the performances of low density, high strength, long fatigue life and the like and a preparation method thereof by combining composition and process improvement means aiming at the problems and the defects of the light weight, fatigue life modification process and the like of the existing spring flat steel; the high-strength spring flat steel can meet the application requirements of light weight, durability and the like of various trucks, buses and engineering machinery vehicles.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the low-density high-strength hot-rolled spring flat steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.50 to 0.75 percent of C, 0.80 to 1.50 percent of Si, 15.0 to 20.0 percent of Mn, 12.0 to 17.0 percent of Al, 0.20 to 0.65 percent of V, 2.0 to 7.0 percent of Mg, 0.002 to 0.005 percent of B, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; and simultaneously controlling the ratio of (V + 80B)/C to be less than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3.
In the above aspect, the C content in the low-density high-strength spring flat steel is preferably 0.50 to 0.70%.
In the above aspect, the Si content in the low-density high-strength spring flat steel is preferably 0.95 to 1.40%.
In the above aspect, the Mn content in the low-density high-strength spring flat steel is preferably 16.0 to 18.0%.
In the above aspect, the Al content in the low-density high-strength spring flat steel is preferably 15.0 to 17.0%.
In the above aspect, the V content in the low-density high-strength spring flat steel is preferably 0.30 to 0.50%.
In the above aspect, the Mg content in the low-density high-strength spring flat steel is preferably 3.0 to 6.0%.
In the above aspect, the content of B in the low-density high-strength spring flat steel is preferably 0.003 to 0.005%.
The preparation method of the low-density high-strength hot-rolled spring flat steel sequentially comprises the steps of KR desulfurization of molten iron, smelting in a converter, LF refining, RH vacuum treatment, continuous casting, slow cooling of a casting blank, heating of the casting blank, rough rolling, finish rolling and slow cooling of a cooling bed; wherein the slow cooling speed of the steel in the cooling bed is 0.1-0.7 ℃/s.
In the scheme, the molten iron KR is desulfurized, the molten iron is stirred in the ladle to form a vortex, the desulfurizing agent and the magnesium powder are added twice in sequence, the S content of the molten iron is reduced, and the sulfur content [ S ] of the molten iron discharged from the station is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.015%.
In the scheme, the desulfurizer is a mixture of lime and aluminum ash, wherein the CaO content is 92-96 wt%.
In the scheme, the end point C in the converter smelting step is controlled to be 0.08-0.45%; the tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1652 ℃.
In the scheme, the LF refining step adopts aluminum magnesium alloy for deoxidation; simultaneously, adding a mixture of lime and magnesium oxide, wherein the CaO content is 85-90 wt%; the refining time is more than or equal to 25min, and argon is blown in the whole refining process.
In the scheme, the vacuum degree adopted by RH vacuum treatment is less than or equal to 80Pa; adding a mixture of lime and metal magnesium, wherein the CaO content is 70-75 wt%; keeping the vacuum time at 25-40 min.
In the scheme, the section size of the casting blank in the continuous casting step is (160-200) mm multiplied by (160-200) mm, and the blank drawing speed is stably controlled to be 1.60-2.15 m/min.
In the scheme, in the casting blank slow cooling step, stacking slow cooling or pit entering slow cooling is carried out for 36-72 h.
In the scheme, in the step of heating the casting blank, the soaking temperature is 1160-1200 ℃, and the furnace time is 90-120 min.
In the scheme, the initial rolling temperature of the rough rolling is 1040-1140 ℃.
In the scheme, the finish rolling temperature is 1000-1060 ℃, and the accumulated deformation is 10-50%.
In the scheme, the final rolling speed is 11-33m/s, and the total rolling passes are 7-12.
Preferably, the total rolling passes are 7 to 10.
In the scheme, the thickness of the finish-rolled steel plate is 33-46 mm, and the width of the finish-rolled steel plate is 90-110 mm.
The low-density high-strength spring flat steel prepared according to the scheme has the density of less than or equal to 6.3g/cm 3 ，R eL ≥1800MPa，R m 2000MPa, A is greater than or equal to 9 percent, Z is greater than or equal to 38 percent, and the fatigue life reaches more than 16 ten thousand times.
The invention adopts the following principle:
1. design of main component
Mn: mn has great influence on the stability of austenite, can expand an austenite phase region and plays a role in solid solution strengthening; however, too high Mn content causes component segregation, formation of a band-shaped structure and reduction of the toughness of the steel; the invention controls the Mn content to be 15.0-20.0%.
Al: al is an important light element in low-density steel, and the density of the material can be obviously reduced and the hot rolling structure of the material can be improved by combining RH vacuum treatment regulation and control means, accurate control of the slow cooling speed of a cooling bed and other means; when the Al content is too low, k-series carbide does not appear, and the k-series carbide is nano-scale carbide which is uniformly distributed on an austenite matrix and a grain boundary after quenching or heat treatment of the steel, so that the strength of the steel can be effectively improved; however, too high Al content deteriorates the microstructure of the steel and promotes the formation of ferrite phase; therefore, the Al content is controlled to be 12.0-17.0%.
V: v is a C-philic alloy element, a stable VC nano precipitate can be formed, crystal grains can be refined, the toughness of the steel can be improved, the thermal stability of the steel can be improved, the tempering stability is greatly improved particularly in the heat treatment process of the spring flat steel, the effect of increasing the gain due to overhigh content is not obvious, and the content of V is controlled to be 0.20-0.65%.
B: b is an element for improving the hardenability of the material, trace B in medium-high carbon steel can effectively reduce the segregation of P, S in a grain boundary and improve the form of oxide inclusions, and simultaneously, the yield strength, the tensile strength, the fatigue strength, the hydrogen-induced intergranular fracture resistance and the like of the material are improved or improved to different degrees, but the content is too high, and the functions are weakened or even deteriorated; the content of B in the invention is 0.002-0.005%.
V + B: the mass fraction of the composite microalloying element V +80B is more than or equal to 1 (V + 80B)/C is less than or equal to 3, so that precipitation strengthening and solid solution strengthening can be ensured, VC phase interfaces are precipitated at ferrite lamellar parts in a pearlite structure, and BC particles generate a segregation phenomenon in grain boundaries, which are beneficial to high strengthening of steel, and the toughness is not weakened greatly, so that the fatigue property of the steel is improved; if the ratio (V + 80B)/C is less than 1, the above strengthening effect is not obtained, and if the ratio (V + 80B)/C exceeds 3, the effect is not remarkably increased and the alloy cost is increased. Therefore, the control range of the invention is 1 to (V + 80B)/C to 3.
Mg: mg is the lightest metal material, has small density of only 1.8g/cm 3 2/3 of Al and 1/4 of Fe respectively; mg can not only deoxidize, so that non-metallic inclusions in steel are reduced; mg has strong chemical activity, is easy to have chemical reaction with oxygen and nitrogen under the molten state at the temperature of more than 650 ℃, is oxidized and combusted quickly at the temperature of nearly 800 ℃, mg melt is required to be protected in the smelting process, and the density of the material can be obviously reduced and the hot rolling structure of the material can be improved by further combining with regulating and controlling means such as RH vacuum treatment regulating and controlling means and accurate control of slow cooling speed of a cooling bed; when the content of Mg is too low, k-series carbide does not appear, and the k-series carbide can effectively improve the strength of the steel; but too high reduces the above performance and increases costs; therefore, the Mg content of the invention is 2.0 to 7.0 percent.
2. Process improvement
On the basis of the component design, the invention changes the common two-hot-forming process into the one-hot-forming process aiming at the large-size spring flat steel, reduces the problems of oxidation burning loss and the like of magnesium alloy by adding magnesium alloy or mixture into a refining furnace and a vacuum treatment furnace for multiple times, and can further promote the reduction of the surface oxidation of the steel and control the rolling of a non-recrystallization zone by combining the improvement means of improving the heating temperature, improving the rolling speed, reducing the rolling pass, reducing the cooling speed of a cooling bed and the like, thereby effectively reducing the density of the obtained steel and simultaneously considering good mechanical property and excellent fatigue property.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The invention combines the steel composition optimization and the improved one-fire forming process, can effectively give consideration to good mechanical strength and fatigue resistance while effectively reducing the density of the steel, can effectively meet the application requirements of light weight, durability and the like of high-strength spring flat steel for various trucks, passenger cars and engineering machinery vehicles, and has wide applicability;
2) The production process related by the invention is simple, the production cost is low, the process production can be carried out without greatly changing production equipment and process flow under the existing production condition, and the method is suitable for popularization and application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
Examples 1 to 10
The preparation method of the low-density high-strength hot-rolled spring flat steel according to the embodiment 1 to 10 comprises the following steps:
1) KR desulfurization, namely stirring molten iron (the weight of the molten iron in a molten iron tank is 65 tons) in a ladle to form a vortex, adding a desulfurizing agent (lime-aluminum ash mixture, the CaO content is 92-96 percent) and magnesium powder twice in sequence to reduce the S content of the molten iron, and controlling the sulfur content [ S ] of the discharged molten iron to be less than or equal to 0.015 percent;
2) Smelting in a converter (120 tons of molten steel in the converter), and controlling the end point C to be more than or equal to 0.08%; the tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1652 ℃;
3) LF refining, namely deoxidizing by adopting aluminum magnesium alloy; adding a mixture of lime and magnesium oxide, wherein the CaO content is 85-90 wt%; the refining time is more than or equal to 25min, and argon is blown in the whole refining process;
4) RH vacuum treatment is carried out, and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 80Pa; adding a mixture of lime and metal magnesium, wherein the CaO content is 70-75 wt%; keeping the vacuum time at 25-40 min;
5) The section size of the continuous casting billet is 200mm multiplied by 200mm, and the drawing speed is stably controlled to be 1.60-2.15 m/min;
6) Slowly cooling the casting blank, stacking for slow cooling or entering a pit for slow cooling for 36-72 h;
7) Heating the casting blank at the soaking temperature of 1160-1200 ℃ for 90-120 min;
8) Rough rolling, controlling the initial rolling temperature: 1040 to 1140 ℃;
9) Finish rolling, wherein the finish rolling temperature is controlled to be 1000-1060 ℃, and the accumulated deformation is 10-50%; the final rolling speed is 11-33m/s, the total rolling passes are 7-12, and the spring flat steel with the thickness of 33-46 mm and the width of 90-110 mm is rolled;
10 Slow cooling in cooling bed at 0.1-0.7 deg.c/s and inserting the product for use;
wherein, the chemical components, smelting process parameters and rolling process parameters of the related steel are respectively shown in tables 1, 2 and 3; the results of the main performance tests of the spring flat steel obtained are shown in Table 4.
Table 1 main chemical composition of spring flat steel as described in examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 5%
TABLE 2 smelting Process parameters of spring flat steels described in examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 5
TABLE 3 Rolling Process parameters of spring Flat steels as described in examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 5
TABLE 4 main Property test results of spring flat steels obtained in examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 5
The above results show that: the invention can effectively reduce the density of the obtained steel and simultaneously can give consideration to good mechanical property, excellent fatigue property and other properties.
The above examples are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention.
The above embodiments are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and do not limit the present invention. Other variants and modifications of the invention, which are obvious to those skilled in the art and can be made on the basis of the above description, are not necessary or exhaustive for all embodiments, and are therefore within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The low-density high-strength hot-rolled spring flat steel is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.50 to 0.75 percent of C, 0.80 to 1.50 percent of Si, 15.0 to 20.0 percent of Mn, 12.0 to 17.0 percent of Al, 0.20 to 0.65 percent of V, 2.0 to 7.0 percent of Mg, 0.002 to 0.005 percent of B, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; and simultaneously controlling the ratio of (V + 80B)/C to be less than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3.
2. The low-density high-strength hot-rolled spring flat steel according to claim 1, characterized in that the Al content in the low-density high-strength spring flat steel is 15.0 to 17.0%.
3. The low-density high-strength hot-rolled spring flat steel according to claim 1, characterized in that the Mg content in the low-density high-strength spring flat steel is preferably 3.0 to 6.0%.
4. The low-density high-strength hot-rolled spring flat steel according to claim 1, characterized in that the B content in the low-density high-strength spring flat steel is preferably 0.003 to 0.005%.
5. The method for manufacturing a low-density high-strength hot-rolled spring flat steel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the steps of KR desulfurization of molten iron, converter smelting, LF refining, RH vacuum treatment, continuous casting, slow cooling of a casting blank, heating of the casting blank, rough rolling, finish rolling, and slow cooling of a cooling bed in sequence; wherein the slow cooling speed of the steel in the cooling bed is 0.1-0.7 ℃/s.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the degree of vacuum used for RH vacuum treatment is less than or equal to 80Pa, and the vacuum is maintained for 25-40 min.
7. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, wherein the cross-sectional size of the cast slab in the continuous casting step is (160-200) mmx (160-200) mm, and the drawing speed is stably controlled to 1.60-2.15 m/min.
8. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein in the billet heating step, the soaking temperature is 1160-1200 ℃, and the furnace time is 90-120 min; the initial rolling temperature of rough rolling is 1040-1140 ℃; the finish rolling temperature is 1000-1060 ℃, and the accumulated deformation is 10-50%.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the final rolling speed is 11-33m/s and the total rolling passes are 7-12.
10. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the finish-rolled steel sheet has a thickness of 33 to 46mm and a width of 90 to 110mm.
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