CN115536947A - Composite material for space charged particle radiation protection and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Composite material for space charged particle radiation protection and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN115536947A
CN115536947A CN202211253707.4A CN202211253707A CN115536947A CN 115536947 A CN115536947 A CN 115536947A CN 202211253707 A CN202211253707 A CN 202211253707A CN 115536947 A CN115536947 A CN 115536947A
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composite material
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ethylene
propylene copolymer
antioxidant
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CN115536947B (en
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李瑜婧
刘刚
苏京
费涛
徐骏
周博
杨碧琦
张丽新
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Shanghai Institute of Satellite Equipment
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
    • C08K9/12—Adsorbed ingredients, e.g. ingredients on carriers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
    • G21F1/10—Organic substances; Dispersions in organic carriers
    • G21F1/103—Dispersions in organic carriers
    • G21F1/106—Dispersions in organic carriers metallic dispersions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • C08K2003/085—Copper

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Abstract

A composite material for the radiation protection of the total dose of space charged particles and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite material comprises 1 to 100 parts of ethylene-propylene copolymer, 10 to 60 parts of aluminum oxide powder loaded with metal elements and 0.1 to 0.5 part of antioxidant; in the aluminum oxide powder loaded with the metal elements, the loading amount of the metal elements is 10-40% by weight; the invention solves the problems of high density and heavy weight of the existing metal shielding material, lower use temperature and more complex process of the radiation protection material prepared by adopting the polyethylene-doped nano material.

Description

Composite material for space charged particle radiation protection and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aerospace, in particular to a composite material for space charged particle radiation protection and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The spacecraft can be influenced by the earth radiation zone to generate a total dose effect when in orbit operation, the total dose effect can seriously damage satellite electronic components, and the thickened aluminum shell and the metal (tantalum, lead and the like) with high atomic number are adopted as physical shielding in general engineering, so that the total dose resistance of the device is improved. The shielding mode has high self weight and poor adaptability with devices, and the risk of generating secondary particles is high.
The existing preparation method of the space charged particle radiation protection composite material takes polyethylene as a matrix, and metal powder and nano materials are doped, so that the heat-resistant temperature is limited, and the use environment is limited. Due to the influence of the nanometer effect, the material is easy to agglomerate, the process is more complex, the metal dosage is high, and the material density is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a composite material for space charged particle total dose radiation protection and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems that the existing metal shielding material has high density and heavy weight, and the radiation protection material prepared by adopting a polyethylene-doped nano material as a base material has lower use temperature and more complex process.
A composite material for total dose radiation protection of space charged particles comprises the following components in parts by weight:
1-100 parts of ethylene-propylene copolymer;
10-60 parts of aluminum oxide powder loaded with metal elements;
0.1-0.5 part of antioxidant;
in the alumina powder loaded with the metal elements, the loading amount of the metal elements is 10-40% by weight. The particle size of the particles is 1-10 mu m.
Preferably, in the metal element-supported alumina powder, the supported amount of the metal element is 10% to 40%, and when the supported amount of the metal is less than 10%, the supported amount is too small, so that the technical effect of effectively scattering electrons cannot be achieved; the loading capacity of metal can reach 40% at present, because the specific surface area of alumina is limited, the loading capacity of higher effective metal can not be reached, and the interlayer effect between free metal and an inorganic carrier can not be generated, so that the technical effect of enhancing the energy absorption of charged particles is achieved.
Further, the composite material for the total dose radiation protection of the space charged particles comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10-90 parts of ethylene-propylene copolymer;
10-50 parts of metal element-loaded alumina powder;
0.2-0.5 part of antioxidant.
Preferably, the composite material for total dose radiation protection of the spatially charged particles comprises the following components in parts by weight:
60-70 parts of ethylene-propylene copolymer;
30-40 parts of metal element-loaded alumina powder;
0.2 to 0.5 portion of antioxidant.
The antioxidant is selected from antioxidant 1010.
The metal element comprises one or more of copper, palladium, tantalum and platinum.
The density of the ethylene propylene copolymer is 0.900g/cm 3 ～0.940g/cm 3 The weight ratio content of ethylene in the ethylene-propylene copolymer is 1-4%.
The preparation method of the composite material for the total dose radiation protection of the space charged particles comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 1-100 parts of ethylene-propylene copolymer, 10-60 parts of metal element-loaded alumina powder and 0.1-0.5 part of antioxidant 1010 by weight;
s2, uniformly mixing the ethylene-propylene copolymer, the aluminum oxide powder loaded with the metal elements and the antioxidant at the temperature of 180-250 ℃ through an extruder, and extruding into a film to obtain the composite material.
The metal element comprises one or more of copper, palladium, tantalum and platinum. A composite material for the radiation protection of the total dose of space charged particles is used to protect space from proton and electron radiation.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the composite material provided by the invention, as the ethylene-propylene copolymer is adopted as the radiation protection material matrix, the density of the composite material is greatly reduced, the defect of heavy weight of an aluminum protective layer is effectively overcome, the temperature resistance is improved compared with that of polyethylene in the prior art, and the application range of the composite material is expanded;
2. according to the composite material provided by the invention, the radiation protection reinforcing material aluminum oxide added in the process of preparing the radiation protection material has a special honeycomb structure, is loaded with 10-40% of metal, has excellent processing performance, is simple and efficient in preparation method, and greatly improves the preparation efficiency of the radiation protection material;
3. the aluminum oxide is adopted to load metal, and the aluminum oxide has good absorption effect on secondary photons, electron back scattering and the like generated by the interaction between electrons and the composite material on one hand, and has higher heat conductivity coefficient and thermal radiation coefficient on the other hand, so that the heat conductivity and thermal radiation rate of the composite material can be improved, and the aluminum oxide is favorable for heat transmission and radiation heat dissipation of electronic devices of spacecrafts when being used in space. The loaded metal copper, palladium, tantalum and platinum have elastic and inelastic collision with high-energy electrons, so that the electrons have scattering effect to fulfill the aims of slowing down the electrons and depositing energy, and the high loading amount of the copper, palladium, tantalum and platinum on alumina is favorable for preparing a high-content composite material;
4. the composite material provided by the invention has the electron protection efficiency improved by 1.04-2.65 times compared with pure aluminum, and the proton protection efficiency improved by 1.05-2.14 times compared with pure aluminum.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a material structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electron irradiation protective performance test principle in performance test example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of proton irradiation protective performance test principle in performance test example 2;
FIG. 4 is a comparison curve of electron irradiation protective properties of the radiation protective materials prepared in examples 1 to 7 and comparative example 3;
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of proton radiation protective properties of the radiation protective materials prepared in examples 1 to 7 and comparative example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. The following examples will aid those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any manner. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the inventive concept. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The material structure of the invention is schematically shown in figure 1, and the polymer matrix in figure 1 is ethylene propylene copolymer in the invention.
In the following examples and comparative examples:
material Purchasing factories
Copper-loaded alumina powder SHANGHAI SUNCHEM NEW MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
Palladium-supported alumina powder SHANGHAI SUNCHEM NEW MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
Tantalum-loaded alumina powders SHANGHAI SUNCHEM NEW MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
Platinum loaded alumina powders SHANGHAI SUNCHEM NEW MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
Examples 1 to 7
Examples 1-7 relate to a composite material for total dose radiation protection of spatially charged particles and a method for the preparation thereof.
1. The components and amounts of the composites of examples 1-7 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Components and amounts (unit: parts by weight) of the compositions described in examples 1-7
Figure BDA0003889036180000041
2. A method of making a composite for total dose radioprotection of spatially charged particles as described in examples 1-7, comprising the steps of:
s1, weighing an ethylene-propylene copolymer, aluminum oxide powder loaded with metal elements and an antioxidant according to the parts by weight in the table 1;
s2, uniformly mixing the ethylene-propylene copolymer, the aluminum oxide powder loaded with metal palladium and the antioxidant at the temperature of 180-250 ℃ through an extruder, and extruding into a film to obtain the composite material.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that the ethylene propylene copolymer was replaced with polyethylene.
The using temperature of the radiation protection composite material depends on the matrix material, the using temperature of the polyethylene is about 70 ℃, the using temperature of the ethylene-propylene copolymer can reach 90 ℃, and the satellite can be influenced by external high temperature when running in a space environment, so that the use of the ethylene-propylene copolymer is more favorable for expanding the using range of the radiation protection composite material.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that the ethylene propylene copolymer was replaced with polypropylene.
The polypropylene has poor impact resistance at low temperature, and the ethylene-propylene copolymer has better toughness than the polypropylene, is easy to be made into a film and is convenient to be used for coating satellite devices and single machines.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that the platinum metal-supporting alumina powder was replaced with alumina powder.
TABLE 2 Components and amounts (unit: parts by weight) of the composition described in comparative example 3
Figure BDA0003889036180000051
Performance test example 1
The films prepared in examples 1 to 7 and comparative example 3, and the existing pure aluminum (control group) were subjected to an electron irradiation electron absorption dose test
1. The test method comprises the following steps:
the electron irradiation protective performance test schematic diagram is shown in FIG. 2: the radioactive source is used for generating an electronic energy spectrum similar to a high orbit, a No. 1 dosage piece is placed in front of the sample, and the absorbed dose D under the condition of no shielding is recorded 1 Placing the # 2 dose patch behind the sample records the absorbed dose D of electrons penetrating the sample 2 . The electron shielding efficiency eta of the sample at the approximate energy spectrum incidence is calculated by the following formula e The unit "%":
Figure BDA0003889036180000052
wherein, the particle energy: (ii) a spectral distribution up to 2.28MeV; beam current intensity: 1 to 10pA/cm 2 。
2. And (3) test results:
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the electron protective properties of the radiation protective materials I to VII and VIII obtained in examples 1 to 7 and comparative example 3 and the conventional pure aluminum. The results of comparing the electron protection efficiency of the radiation protection materials I to VII and VIII with that of pure aluminum at the same mass thickness are shown in Table 3.
The electron irradiation comparison graph of the radiation protection material I obtained in example 1 in FIG. 4 and the existing pure aluminum is shown. From fig. 4, it can be observed that the electron shielding efficiency of the radiation shielding material I is 2.65 times as high as that of pure aluminum at the maximum at the same mass thickness (the shielding efficiency of the radiation shielding material I or pure aluminum is plotted with the shielding efficiency as ordinate and the mass thickness as abscissa).
Examples 2 to 7 and comparative example 3 were the same as those described above, and comparative data of electron protective efficiency are shown in Table 3.
Performance test example 2
The films prepared in examples 1 to 7 and comparative example 3, and the existing pure aluminum (control group) were subjected to a proton irradiation prevention test.
1. The test method comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 3, a single-energy proton beam of 10MeV is generated by a particle accelerator to irradiate a sample, and proton energy is diverged after the proton penetrates the sample, so that a proton energy detector is used to record the energy value of the proton after penetrating the sample, a transmission energy spectrum is finally formed, and an energy value E corresponding to the peak value of the transmission energy spectrum is selected p (and also the mean energy of the transmitted protons), where E 0 The proton shielding efficiency η at the approximate spectral incidence of the sample is calculated for the energy of the monoenergetic proton used by the following formula p The unit "%":
Figure BDA0003889036180000061
2. and (3) test results:
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the protective properties of the radiation protective materials I to VII and VIII obtained in examples 1 to 7 and comparative example 3 and the existing pure aluminum proton. The results of comparing the proton protection efficiency of the radiation protection materials I to VII and VIII with that of pure aluminum at the same mass thickness are shown in Table 3.
From fig. 5, it can be observed that the proton shielding efficiency of the radiation-shielding material I is 2.14 times as high as that of pure aluminum at the maximum at the same mass thickness (the shielding efficiency of the radiation-shielding material I or pure aluminum is plotted with the shielding efficiency as ordinate and the mass thickness as abscissa).
Examples 2 to 7 and comparative example 3 were the same as those described above, and comparative data on proton protective efficiency are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 comparative examples and comparative examples versus protection efficiency for pure aluminum
Figure BDA0003889036180000062
The ethylene-propylene copolymer composite material doped with the metal-loaded alumina powder for the radiation protection of the space charged particles, disclosed by the invention, takes the ethylene-propylene copolymer as a matrix, is higher in use temperature than polyethylene, and has a wider application range. Meanwhile, the honeycomb structure of the metal-loaded aluminum oxide powder can load high-content metal, and when electrons enter the material, the electrons are easy to scatter, so that the energy loss of the electrons in the material is increased, and the effect of the material for protecting the electrons is improved. And because the material is loaded on the surface of the honeycomb structure, the specific surface area is large, the metal dispersion uniformity is high, the probability of collision with electrons is increased, and the effect of protecting the electrons by the material is further improved. The composite material provided by the invention is formed by doping an ethylene-propylene copolymer matrix with metal-loaded alumina powder. Wherein, the matrix is random ethylene propylene copolymer, the alumina powder is porous structure, and can load 10% -40% of metal. The radiation shielding material has the function of solving the problems that the weight of the metal shielding material is heavy, and the application range of the radiation shielding material is limited due to poor high-temperature resistance when polyethylene is used as the radiation shielding material. The material is used to shield space from proton and electron radiation. The invention is applicable to the field of radiation protection.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A composite material for total dose radiation protection of spatially charged particles is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
1-100 parts of ethylene-propylene copolymer;
10-60 parts of metal element-loaded alumina powder;
0.1-0.5 part of antioxidant;
in the metal element-supported alumina powder, the supported amount of the metal element is 10 to 40% by weight.
2. The composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10-90 parts of ethylene-propylene copolymer;
10-50 parts of aluminum oxide powder loaded with metal elements;
0.2 to 0.5 portion of antioxidant.
3. The composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
60-70 parts of ethylene-propylene copolymer;
30-40 parts of aluminum oxide powder loaded with metal elements;
0.2 to 0.5 portion of antioxidant.
4. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the metal element comprises one or more of copper, palladium, tantalum, and platinum.
5. Composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the ethylene propylene copolymer has a density of 0.900g/cm 3 ～0.940g/cm 3 The weight ratio content of ethylene in the ethylene-propylene copolymer is 1-4%.
6. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the antioxidant comprises antioxidant 1010.
7. A method for preparing a composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, weighing an ethylene-propylene copolymer, aluminum oxide powder loaded with metal elements and an antioxidant for later use;
s2, uniformly mixing the ethylene-propylene copolymer, the aluminum oxide powder loaded with the metal elements and the antioxidant at the temperature of 180-250 ℃ through an extruder, and extruding into a film to obtain the composite material.
8. Use of a composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 for shielding space from proton and electron radiation.
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US20160208073A1 (en) * 2015-01-16 2016-07-21 Ut-Battelle, Llc Method for producing radiation-resistant polymer composite materials
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CN106659460A (en) * 2014-06-02 2017-05-10 特纳创新有限责任公司 Radiation shielding and processes for producing and using the same
US20160208073A1 (en) * 2015-01-16 2016-07-21 Ut-Battelle, Llc Method for producing radiation-resistant polymer composite materials
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