CN115534359A - Hot-pressing RTM (resin transfer molding) in-situ composite forming process and equipment for fiber metal laminate - Google Patents
Hot-pressing RTM (resin transfer molding) in-situ composite forming process and equipment for fiber metal laminate Download PDFInfo
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- CN115534359A CN115534359A CN202211486823.0A CN202211486823A CN115534359A CN 115534359 A CN115534359 A CN 115534359A CN 202211486823 A CN202211486823 A CN 202211486823A CN 115534359 A CN115534359 A CN 115534359A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
- B29C70/48—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
- B29C70/541—Positioning reinforcements in a mould, e.g. using clamping means for the reinforcement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
- B29C70/542—Placing or positioning the reinforcement in a covering or packaging element before or during moulding, e.g. drawing in a sleeve
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2007/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
- B29L2007/002—Panels; Plates; Sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2009/00—Layered products
- B29L2009/003—Layered products comprising a metal layer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/40—Weight reduction
Abstract
The invention relates to a hot-pressing RTM (resin transfer molding) in-situ composite forming process method and equipment for a fiber metal laminate, which are a novel fiber metal laminate preparation and forming integrated technology derived by cross fusion of hot-pressing forming and Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), have the advantages of the hot-pressing forming and the Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), and are suitable for forming thermosetting and thermoplastic fiber metal laminate components. Which comprises the following steps: pretreating a metal plate; laying dry fiber cloth and a metal plate, placing the dry fiber cloth and the metal plate into a forming die, and installing a resin injection channel; the blank pressing preheating is carried out to adjust the matching state of the laminate and the resin, the preforming process is carried out, and the male die goes downwards; in the forming stage, the blank holder force and the temperature are regulated and controlled, the position of the laminate is kept unchanged, and resin is injected into the laminate through an injection channel; and after hot press forming, selecting a curing process according to different fiber metal laminate plates to obtain a final component. The process method can greatly improve the forming performance and the production efficiency of the fiber metal laminated plate member, reduce the production cost and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material forming and manufacturing, and particularly relates to a hot-pressing RTM (resin transfer molding) in-situ composite forming process method and equipment for a fiber metal laminate.
Background
Fiber metal laminates (FMLs for short) are high-performance hybrid composite materials formed by alternately laying metal sheets (aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and the like) and Fiber (aramid fibers, glass fibers and carbon fibers) reinforced resin prepregs and curing the prepregs under the action of a proper temperature and pressure environment. FMLs combine the advantages of single metal and fiber reinforced composites, have high specific stiffness and strength, excellent fatigue resistance and higher damage tolerance, high impact resistance and corrosion resistance, and are considered to be novel composites with wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, rail transit and the like. The fiber metal laminate can be divided into a thermosetting fiber metal laminate and a thermoplastic fiber metal laminate according to different resin matrix materials, and the thermosetting resin is characterized in that after being cured and formed, the thermosetting resin is heated and cannot be softened, and the shape of the thermosetting resin cannot be reversed; the thermoplastic resin has the properties of softening by heating and hardening by cooling, and the form of the resin is reversible by the change of temperature, so the preparation and forming processes of the two fiber metal laminates are completely different.
At present, FMLs forming methods can be mainly divided into two types, one is a paving-laminating-autoclave forming technology, which uses the forming method of fiber reinforced resin composite materials for reference, a formed metal sheet and fiber resin prepreg are sequentially paved and laminated in a curved surface mold and then placed in an autoclave for curing, and the manufacturing of curved surface components is completed in one process, so that single and double curvature components with small curvature can be formed, but the method has high cost and long period. The other is plastic forming technology, the prepared FMLs flat plate is manufactured into a curved member by a plastic forming method, and the method can be used for forming small-sized and multi-curvature members. However, the difference of deformation behaviors of the fiber and the metal is large, the damage strain of the fiber is small, the interlayer combination of the metal and the composite material is weak, and delamination, wrinkling, cracking and resilience are caused to accompany with the forming process, so that the forming limit of the fiber metal laminate is far lower than that of the corresponding metal material, the forming difficulty is large, and the further popularization and application of the fiber metal laminate are limited. In addition, reducing the production cost of parts and increasing the complexity of the parts that can be formed are the prerequisite for the large-scale application of FMLs. In the existing forming method, no matter the thermosetting or thermoplastic fiber metal laminate is adopted, the preparation process is complex and time-consuming, the complex-shaped parts are difficult to form, and the forming price is high, so that the application of FMLs in the industry is unattractive, and the bottleneck problem of restricting the further popularization and application of the FMLs is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a fiber metal laminate hot-pressing RTM in-situ composite forming process method and equipment, and the method can complete two process steps of preparation and forming of a fiber metal laminate component on one set of equipment, thereby improving the production efficiency and greatly reducing the production cost. Secondly, based on the process method, two types of thermoplastic and thermosetting fiber metal laminates can be formed, and the process flexibility is improved.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a fiber metal laminate hot-pressing RTM in-situ composite forming process method, which sequentially comprises the following steps:
1) Pretreating the surface of the metal plate to enhance the adhesion of the metal plate to the fiber composite material resin matrix;
2) Determining the quantity and the laying sequence of the fiber dry cloth and the metal plate required by the target product performance, and laying the fiber dry cloth and the metal plate according to the required requirements to complete the laying and sticking of the prefabricated laminated plate;
3) Placing the prefabricated laminate in a forming die, installing a resin injection channel, and completing the edge pressing operation and preheating processes: placing the laid prefabricated laminate on a female die, installing a resin injection channel, enabling a blank holder to descend to enable the blank holder to be in contact with the prefabricated laminate, applying a preset blank holder force F, preheating the prefabricated laminate and the die, adjusting a glue outlet of the resin injection channel to enable the glue outlet to be aligned with a region where fiber dry cloth is located, and completing a preheating process;
4) Presetting the drawing height for enabling the male die to contact the prefabricated layer plate, and enabling the male die to move downwards to tightly attach the prefabricated layer plate;
5) For the thermoplastic fiber metal laminate, directly heating to enable the thermoplastic resin matrix to be in a viscous state and storing in a resin storage tank, and injecting the thermoplastic resin matrix into a mixing tank through a resin pump; for the thermosetting fiber metal laminate, the resin matrix and the curing agent are respectively put into two tanks, and the resin matrix and the curing agent are conveyed through a pipeline under the action of a resin pump and are fully mixed in a mixing tank according to the proportion, so that the resin matrix reaches a flowing state with the best forming performance;
6) Entering a forming stage, enabling a male die to continuously descend, enabling a laminate to gradually deform to a certain degree, keeping the forming state of the laminate unchanged, enabling the laminate to be in dynamic forming or static, injecting a resin matrix which achieves the best flowing performance in a mixing tank into the layers of the laminate through a resin injection channel, simultaneously setting the drawing speed of the male die, regulating and controlling the blank holder force and the forming temperature, enabling each layer of the laminate and each interface to be in the best forming state under the coupling action of the blank holder force and the forming temperature, and enabling the resin matrix to be continuously injected, so that the resin matrix is injected and continuously formed and solidified;
7) And after the hot-press forming is finished, keeping the forming die closed, respectively selecting corresponding curing temperature loading curves to carry out heating or cooling processes according to whether the target fiber metal laminate is thermosetting or thermoplastic, and finishing the curing process on the forming die. Withdrawing the resin injection channel, and continuously keeping the forming die comprising the male die, the female die and the blank holder in a closed and compacted state until the resin matrix is cured on the forming die;
8) And after the curing stage is finished, waiting for the gradient cooling of the forming die to room temperature according to the curing rule of the resin, unloading and opening the die to obtain a final fiber metal laminate plate, namely the fiber metal laminate plate component.
In this application, the formation is previously referred to as a pre-laminate, which is a laminate during the formation process and the final product is a fiber metal laminate structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the fiber metal laminate hot-pressing RTM in-situ composite forming process method creatively combines the hot-pressing forming process and the Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process together, can achieve the preparation and forming integration of the fiber metal laminate, and solves the problems of complex and time-consuming preparation process, difficult forming of complex parts and high forming price. Therefore, the fiber metal laminate preparation and forming integrated technology is a novel fiber metal laminate preparation and forming integrated technology derived by cross fusion of a hot press forming technology and a Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) technology, the fiber metal laminate is subjected to glue injection in a dynamic forming process, the fiber and metal are subjected to cooperative deformation in the dynamic forming process, the fiber, the resin and the metal are influenced mutually in the forming process, and the fiber, the resin and the metal can be well combined under the action of external force deformation through control of injection time and corresponding state points.
The method of the invention is a novel hot press forming and Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) compounding process developed aiming at the problems that the application demand of the composite material is gradually increased in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, rail traffic and the like, the preparation and forming steps of the composite material are complicated and time-consuming, the price is high, the mass production cannot be realized, and the actual application demand is difficult to meet. Firstly, the fiber metal laminate which does not contain resin between layers (glue injection after forming) or contains viscous state resin (glue injection during forming) is formed by a hot pressing method, so that the fiber metal laminate has the advantages of reducing interlayer constraint stress, enhancing cooperative deformation capability and improving forming margin, and a fiber metal laminate component with a complex shape can be obtained. Secondly, the forming performance of the fiber metal laminate can be improved by utilizing the characteristic that the resin has excellent plasticity and fluidity at a specific temperature, and the fiber metal laminate member can obtain excellent interlayer performance and further inhibit the resilience of the laminate by directly finishing the solidification on a mould after the forming. Meanwhile, the RTM process can select a proper injection time (in the forming process and after forming) of the resin matrix in the forming stage according to the characteristic appearance and the size of a formed member, so that the metal and fiber dry cloth can be formed under the condition of no resin or the resin matrix in different viscosity states, and the forming margin of the fiber metal laminate is greatly improved. The method is characterized in that a proper forming stage (in the forming process and after the forming) is selected, the pressed state of the laminate is kept unchanged all the time, the laminate is in a dynamic forming state or a static state, a resin matrix is injected through a resin injection channel, and the laminate is directly cured on a mold after the forming is finished, so that the time for preparing the laminate is greatly shortened, the production efficiency is improved, the investment of personnel and equipment is reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the fiber metal laminate member is further reduced. At the same time, the process is suitable for both thermoset and thermoplastic fiber metal laminates.
The hot-pressing RTM in-situ composite forming process and the equipment for the fiber metal laminate can fully realize the integrated preparation and forming process of the fiber metal laminate.
The hot-pressing RTM in-situ composite forming comprises hot-pressing forming and RTM processes, wherein the forming process has fiber deformation and metal deformation, the dynamic deep drawing process is adopted, fiber dry cloth and a metal plate are pre-pressed firstly and then a resin matrix is injected in the forming stage, the hot-pressing forming is utilized to obtain a complex shape, the optimal forming state is obtained through the coupling effect of blank pressing force and forming temperature, compared with a common fiber metal laminate, the fiber, resin and metal plate laying layer is cured and then formed, the interlaminar constraint stress is smaller, and the forming margin is improved; the process method is suitable for thermosetting and thermoplastic fiber metal laminates, and the forming process has better flexibility; after the forming is finished, the solidification is directly finished on the die, so that the defects of part springback, layering and the like are avoided, and the forming quality of the fiber metal laminate component is improved; finally, by grasping the resin injection time in the forming process and regulating and controlling the forming process parameters, the fiber metal laminate component with uniform wall thickness distribution and complex characteristics can be obtained, and the process window is expanded for forming qualified fiber metal laminate parts.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of equipment of an embodiment of a hot-pressing RTM in-situ composite forming process and equipment for a fiber metal laminate provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a forming stage of an embodiment of a hot-pressing RTM in-situ composite forming process and apparatus for a fiber metal laminate provided by the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a curing stage of an embodiment of a hot-pressing RTM in-situ composite forming process and apparatus for fiber-metal laminates according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-male die, 2-blank holder, 3-positioning clamping mechanism, 4-resin injection channel, 5-mixing tank, 6-resin pump, 7-resin storage tank, 8-curing agent storage tank, 9-female die, 10-heating unit, 11-metal plate, 12-fiber dry cloth and 13-resin matrix.
Detailed Description
The hot-pressing RTM in-situ composite forming process for a fiber metal laminate provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
The invention relates to a hot-pressing RTM (resin transfer molding) in-situ composite forming process method of a fiber metal laminate, which comprises a hydraulic press and a glue injection device, wherein a prefabricated laminate is placed between a male die and a female die of the hydraulic press, and the female die and a blank holder of the hydraulic press are both provided with heating units which can be heated; the number of the glue outlets of the glue injection device is not less than-1 of the number of the metal plates in the fiber metal laminate to be prepared, the glue outlets of the glue injection device are over against the area where the dry fiber cloth in the fiber metal laminate is located, the glue outlets can extend into a small distance between two adjacent layers of metal plates, a certain allowance needs to be set when the size of the fiber metal laminate is designed, and the glue outlets can only be aligned with the area where the dry fiber cloth is located without extending into the two adjacent layers of metal plates; the glue outlet is fixed by a positioning and clamping mechanism 3, the positioning and clamping mechanism 3 is used for conveniently installing and fixing the resin injection channel 4 and preventing the resin injection channel 4 from deviating or falling off in the forming process or the glue injection process, different rows of clamping ports for fixing the corresponding glue outlet can be arranged in the height direction of the positioning and clamping mechanism, the main body part of the positioning and clamping mechanism can be fixed with the side surface of the blank holder and can also be fixed with the side surface of the female die 9, the clamping ports correspond to the glue outlet when glue injection is carried out, the clamping ports can be of an openable structure, and the injection channel can be stretched in place to be clamped when clamping is needed, and the specific structural form can be realized according to the prior art;
the glue injection device is provided with two feed inlets, one feed inlet is used for introducing the resin matrix material, the other feed inlet is used for introducing the curing agent, and the resin matrix material and the curing agent are mixed according to the proportion requirement and then injected into the dry fiber cloth through a glue outlet of a resin injection channel of the glue injection device.
Illustratively, the equipment (see fig. 1) used in the process of the invention comprises a male die 1, a blank holder 2, a female die 9, a positioning and clamping mechanism 3, a resin injection channel 4, a mixing tank 5, a resin pump 6, a resin storage tank 7, a curing agent storage tank 8 and a heating unit 10, wherein the male die 1 is also called an upper die, the female die 9 is also called a lower die, the male die 1 and the female die 9 are matched with each other in structure and position, the male die, the female die and the blank holder form a forming die, namely a main component of a hydraulic machine, a heating unit 10 for heating and warming is arranged inside or outside the blank holder 2 and the female die 9, the heating unit can be wrapped on the peripheries of the blank holder and the female die in a heating furnace form, and a heating unit can be arranged inside the blank holder 2 and the female die 9 and uniformly heats the die and a laminate;
the positioning and clamping mechanism 3 is fixedly arranged on the side surface of the blank holder 2, a plurality of rows of clamping ports are formed in the height direction of the part, exceeding the lower edge of the blank holder, of the positioning and clamping mechanism 3, the positioning and clamping mechanism can move downwards along with the downward moving process of the blank holder 2, and after the blank holder is contacted with the prefabricated laminate, the clamping ports can be aligned to the areas where the fiber dry cloth in the corresponding prefabricated laminate is located;
the resin injection channel 4 is arranged on the positioning and clamping mechanism 3, the head end of the resin injection channel is positioned between the laminate layers, the head end is the position of a glue outlet, the resin injection channel 4, the mixing tank 5, the resin pump 6, the resin storage tank 7 and the curing agent storage tank 8 are main components of the glue injection device, the resin storage tank 7 is used for storing a resin base material, the curing agent storage tank 8 is used for storing a curing agent, the outputs of the resin storage tank 7 and the curing agent storage tank 8 are respectively connected with the resin pump 6 through corresponding pipelines and valves, the two input ports of the mixing tank 5 are respectively connected with the outputs of the resin storage tank 7 and the curing agent storage tank 8, the output port of the mixing tank 5 is connected with the tail end of the resin injection channel 4, the head of the resin injection channel 4 is fixedly aligned with the area where the fiber dry cloth is located through the positioning and clamping mechanism, and a stirring mechanism is arranged in the mixing tank; the resin pump, the mixing tank and the curing agent storage tank 8, and the resin pump, the mixing tank and the resin storage tank 7 can be connected through an electric three-way valve; under the action of the resin pump 6, corresponding materials can be conveyed into the mixing tank 5, the curing agent does not need to be added to the thermoplastic resin matrix, when the curing agent is not added, a valve between the curing agent storage tank and the resin pump is not opened, the curing agent storage tank and the resin pump are directly heated to be in a viscous state and stored in the resin storage tank 7, and at the moment, the thermoplastic resin matrix is only injected into the mixing tank 5 through the resin pump 6 for injecting glue; the thermosetting resin matrix needs to be added with a curing agent, and the resin matrix 13 and the curing agent are conveyed through a pipeline under the action of a resin pump 6 and are fully mixed in the mixing tank 5, so that the resin matrix reaches a flowing state with the best forming performance.
Preferably, the mixing tank 5, the resin pump 6, the resin storage tank 7 and the curing agent storage tank 8 are connected through transparent plastic pipes, and the resin injection channel 4 and the mixing tank 5 are connected through a transparent hose, so that the fluidity of the colloid can be observed more conveniently, and the colloid time can be judged more conveniently.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the method for hot-pressing RTM in-situ composite forming of a fiber metal laminate provided by the present invention comprises the following steps in sequence:
1) The surface of the metal plate 11 is pretreated to enhance the adhesion of the metal plate 11 to the resin matrix 13, the surface of the metal plate is polished and pretreated by a chemical adhesive, the polishing can be performed manually or mechanically, and the chemical adhesive can be a silane adhesion promoter.
2) Determining the quantity and the laying sequence of the fiber dry cloth and the metal plates required for meeting the requirements of target product performance, laying and adhering the fiber dry cloth 12 and the metal plates 11 according to the required requirements, and adhering the fiber dry cloth and the fiber dry cloth to the metal plates treated previously through adhesives to finish the laying and adhering of the prefabricated laminated plate;
the fiber metal laminate is characterized in that the metal layer and the fiber layer are of an n +1/n laying layer structure, n refers to the number of the fiber layers, the outer surface of the fiber metal laminate is a metal plate, a plurality of or a plurality of layers of fiber dry cloth can be laid in the fiber layers, the fiber dry cloth is laid between the two layers of metal plates in the laying sequence, and the fiber dry cloth number of the fiber metal laminate with different requirements is different. In addition, the optimized design of the laminated plate can be realized to the maximum extent by changing the materials, the thicknesses, the laminated structures and the fiber directions of the metal and the fibers in the laminated plate, and the fiber metal laminated plate meeting the performance requirement of the product is obtained. In this embodiment, a fiber metal laminate comprising two metal plates and one fiber layer is illustrated, in which the upper and lower layers are the same metal plate, and the fiber layer and resin are disposed in the middle.
3) And placing the paved prefabricated laminate on a female die 9, installing a resin injection channel 4 on a positioning and clamping mechanism 3, descending a blank holder 2 to enable the blank holder to be in contact with the prefabricated laminate, applying a preset blank holder force F, preheating the prefabricated laminate and a die through a heating unit 10, adjusting a glue outlet of the resin injection channel 4 to enable the glue outlet to be aligned with the area where the fiber dry cloth is located, and completing the preheating process.
4) The drawing height of the male die is preset, so that the male die 1 moves downwards to contact with the top metal plate 11 of the prefabricated layer plate, and the male die continuously moves downwards to be tightly attached to the prefabricated layer plate and gradually deforms to a certain degree. The prefabricated laminate is preformed, and the male die is attached to the prefabricated laminate, so that when resin is injected into the laminate or the laminate is expanded at the top, the upper laminate and the lower laminate can be prevented from bulging in two directions.
5) For the thermoplastic fiber metal laminate, the thermoplastic resin matrix is directly heated to be in a viscous state and stored in a resin storage tank 7, and the thermoplastic resin matrix is injected into a mixing tank 5 through a resin pump 6 (when the curing agent is not added, a valve between the curing agent storage tank and the resin pump is not opened); for the thermosetting fiber metal laminate, the resin matrix and the curing agent are respectively placed in two tanks (namely, the resin matrix and the curing agent are respectively placed in a resin storage tank 7 and a curing agent storage tank 8), the adding amount is controlled through different injection amounts, the resin matrix 13 and the curing agent are conveyed through a pipeline under the action of a resin pump 6 and are fully mixed in a mixing tank 5, so that the resin matrix reaches a flowing state with the best forming performance.
6) And (2) entering a forming stage, keeping the forming state of the laminate unchanged, enabling the laminate to be in dynamic forming or static, injecting the resin matrix reaching the optimal flow performance in the mixing tank into the laminate layer through the resin injection channel 4 at a certain flow rate and pressure, simultaneously setting the drawing speed of the male die 1, regulating and controlling the blank holder force of the blank holder 2 and the forming temperature of the heating unit 10, enabling each layer of the laminate and each interface to be in the optimal forming state under the coupling action of the blank holder force and the temperature, promoting the flow bonding of the resin matrix among the laminates (see figure 2), wherein the resin injection process is uninterrupted continuous injection, and completing the matrix injection and continuing the forming and curing.
For a part with a simple structure, the resin injection timing can be during or after the forming process, but for a complex part, a method of injection while forming is generally adopted, because for small features of the complex part, the resin flow in the area after the forming is completed is difficult. The fiber metal laminate component with uniform wall thickness distribution and a complex structure can be obtained by grasping the resin injection time in the forming stage and matching with the corresponding process, and the process window is expanded for forming qualified fiber metal laminate parts. Corresponding process parameters including temperature, blank holder force, resin viscosity, proportion of resin and curing agent, resin injection speed and the like can be adjusted according to actual working conditions in the forming stage of the fiber metal laminate member, and the member with the optimal performance can be obtained. In the forming process, the male die continuously moves downwards, the laminate deforms, the laminate keeps a static state after forming, the male die is not moved at the moment, and the laminate does not continuously deform.
The complex part is a plate part with a complex curved surface, local small features and/or an ultra-small fillet, the geometric dimension of the part in the thickness direction is far smaller than that of the part in other directions (directions except the thickness direction), the complex curved surface refers to a special-shaped shape with more shape curvature change or not simple or asymmetric shape, the local small features refer to shape features with small local shape and complex size, and the ultra-small fillet refers to a small fillet feature with the radius of 0.7-1.5 times of the material thickness.
Through the combined action of the resin pump and the mixing tank, the viscous-state resin is injected into the middle of the laminate at the optimal state and the optimal flow rate, so that the phenomena of fiber scouring, resin accumulation and the like are avoided, and the forming quality and the forming performance of the fiber metal laminate component are improved.
7) And after the hot-press forming is finished, withdrawing the resin injection channel 4, continuously keeping the forming die comprising the male die 1, the female die 9 and the blank holder 2 in a closed and compressed state all the time until the resin matrix is cured on the forming die, namely the male die, the female die and the blank holder keep the formed positions unchanged, closing the resin injection channel, and keeping the formed shape of the laminate to be directly cured. For the thermosetting fiber metal laminate, the temperature of the heating unit 10 is controlled according to the curing temperature curve of the thermosetting resin, and the curing is completed. For the thermoplastic fiber metal laminate, the heating unit 10 may be turned off and then cooled naturally, or a low temperature environment or a cooling medium may be provided to cool and solidify the thermoplastic fiber metal laminate. The fiber metal plate is directly solidified and formed on the forming die, and the defects of springback, layering and the like can be inhibited.
8) And after the curing stage is finished, waiting for the gradient cooling of the forming die to room temperature according to the resin curing rule, unloading the male die force of the male die 1 and the blank holder force of the blank holder 2, moving the male die 1 upwards, returning the blank holder 2, taking out the part, finishing the forming of the fiber metal laminate and obtaining the corresponding fiber metal laminate component.
The principle and the implementation of the present invention are explained in the present application by using specific examples, and the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understand the construction method and the core idea of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.
Claims (8)
1. A hot-pressing RTM in-situ composite forming process method for a fiber metal laminate is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprising the following steps in sequence:
1) Pretreating the surface of the metal plate to enhance the adhesion of the metal plate to the fiber composite material resin matrix;
2) Determining the quantity and the laying sequence of the fiber dry cloth and the metal plate required by the target product performance, and laying the fiber dry cloth and the metal plate according to the required requirements to complete the laying and sticking of the prefabricated laminated plate;
3) Placing the prefabricated laminate in a forming mold, installing a resin injection channel, and completing the blank pressing operation and the preheating process: placing the paved prefabricated laminate on a female die, installing a resin injection channel, enabling a blank holder to descend, enabling the blank holder to be in contact with the prefabricated laminate, applying a preset blank holder force F, preheating the prefabricated laminate and the die, adjusting a glue outlet of the resin injection channel to enable the glue outlet to be aligned to the area where the fiber dry cloth is located, and completing a preheating process;
4) Presetting the drawing height for enabling the male die to contact the prefabricated layer plate, and enabling the male die to move downwards to tightly attach the prefabricated layer plate;
5) For the thermoplastic fiber metal laminate, directly heating to enable the thermoplastic resin matrix to be in a viscous state and storing in a resin storage tank, and injecting the thermoplastic resin matrix into a mixing tank through a resin pump; for the thermosetting fiber metal laminate, the resin matrix and the curing agent are respectively put into two tanks, and the resin matrix and the curing agent are conveyed through a pipeline under the action of a resin pump and are fully mixed in a mixing tank according to the proportion, so that the resin matrix reaches a flowing state with the best forming performance;
6) Entering a forming stage, keeping the forming state of the laminate unchanged, enabling the laminate to be in dynamic forming or static, injecting a resin matrix reaching the optimal flow performance in the mixing tank into the laminate layers through a resin injection channel, setting the drawing speed of a male die, regulating and controlling the blank holder force and the forming temperature, enabling each layer of the laminate and each interface to be in the optimal forming state under the coupling action of the blank holder force and the forming temperature, and completing matrix injection and continuous forming and curing for the resin matrix in uninterrupted continuous injection;
7) After hot-press forming is completed, the forming mold is kept closed, corresponding curing temperature loading curves are respectively selected to carry out heating or cooling processes according to whether the target fiber metal laminate is thermosetting or thermoplastic, and the curing process is completed on the forming mold; withdrawing the resin injection channel, and continuously keeping the forming mold comprising the male mold, the female mold and the blank holder in a closed and compacted state all the time until the resin matrix is cured on the forming mold;
8) And after the curing stage is finished, waiting for the gradient cooling of the forming die to room temperature according to the resin curing rule, unloading and opening the die to obtain the final fiber metal laminate.
2. The hot-pressing RTM in-situ composite forming process method for the fiber metal laminate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the metal layer and the fiber layer in the fiber metal laminate adopt a n +1/n layering structure, n refers to the number of the fiber layers, and the outer surface of the fiber metal laminate is a metal plate.
3. The hot-pressing RTM in-situ composite forming process method for the fiber metal laminate according to claim 2, characterized in that: the n =1.
4. A fiber-metal laminate structure obtained by the process of hot-press RTM in-situ composite forming of a fiber-metal laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. A fiber metal laminate hot-pressing RTM in-situ composite forming device is characterized in that the device is used in the fiber metal laminate hot-pressing RTM in-situ composite forming process method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the device comprises a hydraulic machine and a glue injection device, a prefabricated laminate of a fiber metal laminate is placed between a male die and a female die of the hydraulic machine, and the female die and a blank holder of the hydraulic machine are both provided with heating units; the number of glue outlets of the glue injection device is not less than-1 of metal plates in the fiber metal laminate to be prepared, the glue outlets of the glue injection device are over against the area where fiber dry cloth in the fiber metal laminate is located, the glue outlets are fixed by a positioning and clamping mechanism, different rows of clamping ports for fixing the corresponding glue outlets are arranged on the positioning and clamping mechanism along the height direction, the main body part of the positioning and clamping mechanism is fixed with the side surface of the blank holder or the side surface of the female die, and the corresponding glue outlets are ensured during glue injection after the fixing;
the glue injection device is provided with two feed inlets, one feed inlet is used for introducing the resin matrix material, the other feed inlet is used for introducing the curing agent, and the resin matrix material and the curing agent are mixed according to the proportion requirement and then injected into the dry fiber cloth through a glue outlet of a resin injection channel of the glue injection device.
6. The RTM in-situ composite forming apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the glue outlet extends between two adjacent metal plates, or the glue outlet is located at the edge of two adjacent metal plates and aligned with the area where the dry fiber cloth is located.
7. A fiber metal laminate hot-pressing RTM in-situ composite forming device is characterized by being used in the fiber metal laminate hot-pressing RTM in-situ composite forming process method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and comprising a male die, a blank holder, a female die, a positioning and clamping mechanism, a resin injection channel, a mixing tank, a resin pump, a resin storage tank, a curing agent storage tank and a heating unit, wherein the male die and the female die are matched with each other in structure and position, the male die, the female die and the blank holder form a forming die, a prefabricated laminate of a fiber metal laminate is placed on the female die, the inside or outside of the blank holder and the female die is provided with the heating unit for heating, and the heating unit is wrapped on the peripheries of the blank holder and the female die in a heating furnace mode or is additionally arranged in the blank holder and the female die;
the positioning and clamping mechanism is fixedly arranged on the side surface of the blank holder, a plurality of rows of clamping ports are formed in the height direction of the part, exceeding the lower edge of the blank holder, of the positioning and clamping mechanism, and after the blank holder is contacted with the prefabricated laminate, the clamping ports can face to the area where the fiber dry cloth of the prefabricated laminate is located;
the resin injection channel is arranged on the positioning and clamping mechanism, the head end of the resin injection channel is positioned between the laminate layers, the head end is a glue outlet, the resin storage tank is used for storing resin base materials, the curing agent storage tank is used for storing curing agents, the outputs of the resin storage tank and the curing agent storage tank are respectively connected with the resin pump through corresponding pipelines and valves, two input ports of the mixing tank are respectively connected with the outputs of the resin storage tank and the curing agent storage tank, the output port of the mixing tank is connected with the tail end of the resin injection channel, the head of the resin injection channel is fixedly aligned to the area where the fiber dry cloth is located through the positioning and clamping mechanism, and a stirring mechanism is arranged in the mixing tank; the resin pump, the mixing tank and the curing agent storage tank are connected through an electric three-way valve; under the action of the resin pump, corresponding materials can be conveyed into the mixing tank, no curing agent is added to the thermoplastic resin matrix, a valve between the curing agent storage tank and the resin pump is not opened, the thermoplastic resin matrix is directly heated to be in a viscous state and stored in the resin storage tank, and at the moment, the thermoplastic resin matrix is only injected into the mixing tank through the resin pump for injecting glue; the thermosetting resin matrix needs to be added with a curing agent, the resin matrix and the curing agent are conveyed through a pipeline under the action of a resin pump and are fully mixed in a mixing tank, and the resin matrix is enabled to reach a flowing state with the best forming performance.
8. The RTM in-situ composite forming apparatus for hot pressing of fiber metal laminates according to claim 7, wherein the mixing tank, the resin pump, the resin storage tank and the curing agent storage tank are connected through transparent plastic pipes, and the resin injection channel and the mixing tank are connected through a transparent hose.
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