CN115533226A - Programmable electrified molded surface electrolytic machining method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for electrochemical machining of a programmed electrified molded surface in the technical field of dust removal, wherein an assembly tool electrode I and an assembly tool electrode II are formed by assembling a plurality of cathode blocks together; insulating layers are arranged between the cathode blocks, the connecting structure is made of insulating materials, and every two assembled cathode blocks are mutually insulated; the assembled end faces of the cathode blocks jointly form a machining profile for forming and machining the profile of the workpiece, the end faces of the cathode blocks are passivated, so that the electrolytic machining process is prevented from being corroded and damaged, the spatial distribution rule of a product can be effectively adjusted, the accumulation of the product, bubbles and heat is reduced, the electrolytic machining precision and the machining stability are obviously improved, materials of parts with larger allowance can be removed preferentially, the quick homogenization of blank allowance is realized, and the machinability of the workpiece with large allowance is improved; the device can realize the forming electrolytic machining of small-current large-size parts, reduce the requirements of electrolytic machining power supply equipment and save the equipment cost.

Description

Programmable electrified molded surface electrolytic machining method and device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic machining, in particular to a method and a device for electrochemical machining of a programmable electrified molded surface.

Background

The electrolytic machining is a special machining method based on the anode electrochemical dissolution machining forming of metal materials. The method has the advantages of no cutting force, no cutter loss, high processing efficiency, good processing surface quality, no influence of material mechanical properties on processing and the like, so that the method is widely applied to the profile processing and manufacturing of key parts such as blades, blade discs, casings and the like in the fields of aerospace and the like. At present, the electrochemical machining is applied to the production and manufacture of engines by international mainstream aircraft engine manufacturers such as R.R, GE and P & W in the United kingdom.

Taking the machining of the blade profile of the aircraft engine as an example, when the blade profile is electrolyzed, a blade blank is connected with a positive electrode of a power supply, a tool electrode is connected with a negative electrode of the power supply, the blade blank is fixed on a tool fixture, a pair of tool electrodes are oppositely fed towards the surfaces of a blade basin and a blade back of the blade, and electrolyte flowing at a high speed is introduced between tool workpieces. During processing, reduction reaction is carried out on the surface of a tool, hydrogen ions in the electrolyte are reduced into hydrogen molecules and condensed into hydrogen bubbles, oxidation reaction is carried out on the surface of a workpiece, metal atoms on the surface of a workpiece metal material lose electrons to form metal cations which are dissolved in the electrolyte, the dissolved metal cations are combined with hydroxide ions in the solution to form insoluble flocculent hydroxides, and in addition, due to the existence of electric power, a large amount of joule heat is generated, so that the temperature of the electrolyte is continuously increased. The insoluble products formed, the gas bubbles and the heat generated are rapidly carried away from the processing zone by the flushing of the electrolyte. The purity of the solution state in the processing gap is maintained, and the stable and continuous processing is ensured. During machining, the anode material is continuously removed under the action of electrochemistry, the profile of the tool is approximately copied along with the feeding of the tool electrode, and the purpose of machining the blade profile is finally achieved.

However, when the profile of a large-sized workpiece is electrolytically machined, due to the increase of the machining area and the increase of the flow channel, the products, bubbles and heat generated during machining are greatly increased, and due to the small gap in the electrolytic machining, the flow rate of the electrolyte is difficult to be effectively increased after reaching a certain flow rate, so that the accumulation of the products, the bubbles and the heat is seriously accumulated along with the electrolyte toward the side of the liquid outlet. According to the electrolyte conductivity formula (1-1), along with the accumulation of a large amount of products and heat, the electrolyte conductivity can generate huge fluctuation. This causes great fluctuation in the electrolytic machining process, makes it very difficult to control the machining of the workpiece profile, and even causes the product to block the machining gap to cause machining failure in severe cases.

κ＝κ ₀ (1+ξ(T-T ₀ ))(1-β) ⁿ (1-1)

Wherein kappa is the conductivity of the electrolyte, and kappa ₀ For initial electrolyte conductivity, T is electrolyte temperature, T ₀ The initial electrolyte temperature is shown as xi, the temperature rise coefficient of the conductivity of the electrolyte is shown as xi, the bubble rate is shown as beta, and the bubble influence coefficient is shown as n.

In addition, when the large-size molded surface electrolytic machining is carried out, the machining current is larger due to the larger machining area, so that the machining power supply has higher requirement, and the production requirement cost is increased invisibly. In addition, the problems of difficult power supply and serious heat generation caused by large current processing are solved by the method and the device for electrochemical machining of the programmable electrified profile.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for programmable energization profile electrochemical machining to solve the above-mentioned problems.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a programmable electrified molded surface electrolytic machining device comprises an assembly tool electrode I and an assembly tool electrode II which are formed by assembling a plurality of cathode blocks together;

insulating layers are arranged between the cathode blocks, the connecting structure is made of insulating materials, and every two assembled cathode blocks are mutually insulated; the assembled cathode block end faces jointly form a processing profile for forming and processing the profile of a workpiece, and the cathode block end faces are passivated to avoid being corroded and damaged in the electrolytic processing process.

Preferably, the clamp main body is divided into a workpiece seat, a lower clamp and an upper clamp.

Preferably, the workpiece seat is made of conductive metal materials, is fixed on the lower clamp and is used for installing and fixing the anode workpiece, accurate positioning of the workpiece after installation is required to be guaranteed, and the workpiece seat is connected with the positive electrode of a power supply through a lead copper bar to connect the power supply with the workpiece; the lower clamp is made of insulating materials and is fixed on the equipment of the processing machine tool.

Preferably, the lower clamp structure needs to shield key parts of the workpiece seat, so that the workpiece seat material is prevented from being corroded and damaged during processing; the upper clamp is made of an insulating material and is arranged on the lower clamp, and the contact surface of the upper clamp and the contact surface of the lower clamp are arranged in a sealing manner, so that the overflow of electrolyte during processing is avoided.

Preferably, after the upper clamp and the lower clamp are assembled, the workpiece is located in the center, a tool electrode feeding channel and an electrolyte flow channel are formed in the clamp, the first assembling tool electrode and the second assembling tool electrode are attached to the wall surface of the feeding channel, and both the first assembling tool electrode and the second assembling tool electrode can feed towards the workpiece along the feeding channel.

Preferably, the electrolyte runner structure needs to ensure that in the whole processing process, the electrolyte can smoothly flow into the processing area from the liquid inlet and then flows out from the liquid outlet from the processing area, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the electrolyte runner are respectively connected with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet pipeline of the electrolyte circulating system to ensure the smooth circulation of the electrolyte.

Preferably, the programming current on-off device mainly comprises a control circuit and an electronic switch circuit; the control circuit can control the electronic switch on the electronic switch circuit to carry out current on-off control according to a given program rule according to a set program; the number of the switch circuits is not less than the number of the cathode blocks on the first assembling tool electrode and the second assembling tool electrode, and two ends of each electronic switch circuit switch are respectively connected with the power supply and each cathode block on the first assembling tool electrode and each cathode block on the second assembling tool electrode, so that the energizing current of each cathode block can be respectively controlled.

A programmable electrified molded surface electrolytic machining method and device comprises the following steps:

step one, setting a current on-off control program of a programmed current on-off device, ensuring that each cathode block of a processing area is electrified at intervals in the same electrified time period, and accumulating products, bubbles and heat in a processing gap corresponding to each cathode block in a smaller range without generating great influence on the processing process;

step two, after a tiny time unit is electrified, the electrified cathode block is powered off, and the electrolyte completely takes away products, bubbles and heat in the machining gap;

step three, electrifying the units which are not electrified before according to a set program, wherein the electrifying rule is the same as that before, and products, bubbles and heat in the machining gap corresponding to each cathode block are accumulated in a smaller range without generating larger influence on the machining process, so that the units are electrified in a reciprocating period;

and step four, in the final stage of processing, the electrifying time of each cathode block in the same period is ensured to be the same so as to ensure that each part is uniformly corroded and removed.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. through optimal design cathode block size, reasonable setting programming circular telegram law can effectively adjust the product spatial distribution law, reduces the accumulation of product, bubble, heat, is showing and is promoting electrolytic machining precision and processing stability.

2. In the early stage of machining, the power-on duration of the part with larger blank allowance is prolonged and the power-on duration of the part with less allowance is reduced by adjusting the spatial distribution of machining current, so that materials of the part with larger allowance can be removed preferentially, the rapid homogenization of the blank allowance is realized, and the machinability of a workpiece with large allowance is improved.

3. The machining current is reasonably distributed, the machining current required by workpieces with the same machining area can be effectively reduced, small-current large-size parts can be formed and electrolytically machined when the peak current of the power supply is constant, the requirements of the power supply for electrolytic machining are reduced, and the equipment cost is saved.

Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a processing system for a programmable powered profile electrochemical machining apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a programmable power-on profile electrochemical machining local power-on machining;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a programmed power-on profile electrochemical machining power-off exhaust product;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the programmed energization-type surface electrolytic machining of the remainder of the energization process;

FIG. 5 is a view of the electrode structure of the assembly tool;

FIG. 6 is a diagram of a programmable power-on profile electrochemical machining fixture;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the on/off control of a programmable current switching device.

In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:

1. assembling a tool electrode I; 2. a liquid outlet; 3. an upper clamp; 4. assembling a tool electrode II; 5. a workpiece; 6. a liquid inlet; 7. a lower clamp; 8. a workpiece seat; 9. a tool link; 10. an insulating layer; 11. a connecting structure; 12. a lead block; 13. a cathode block.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides a technical solution of a programmable power-on type surface electrochemical machining method and apparatus: the electrode assembly comprises a first assembly tool electrode 1 and a second assembly tool electrode 4 which are formed by assembling a plurality of cathode blocks 13 together;

insulating layers 10 are arranged between the cathode blocks 13, the connecting structure 11 is made of insulating materials, and every two assembled cathode blocks 13 are mutually insulated; the assembled end faces of the cathode blocks 13 form a machining profile together for forming and machining the profile of the workpiece 5, the end faces of the cathode blocks 13 are passivated to avoid being corroded and damaged in the electrolytic machining process, the clamp main body is divided into a workpiece seat 8, a lower clamp 7 and an upper clamp 3, the workpiece seat 8 is made of a conductive metal material and is fixed on the lower clamp 7 and used for installing and fixing the anode workpiece 5, accurate positioning of the workpiece 5 after installation is required to be guaranteed, and the workpiece seat 8 is connected with a power supply anode through a power-on copper bar to connect a power supply with the workpiece 5; the lower clamp 7 is made of an insulating material and is fixed on the processing machine tool equipment, and the structure of the lower clamp 7 needs to shield and shield the key part of the workpiece seat 8, so that the workpiece seat 8 material is prevented from being corroded and damaged in the processing process; the upper clamp 3 is made of an insulating material and is arranged on the lower clamp 7, the contact surface of the upper clamp 3 and the lower clamp 7 is arranged in a sealing mode, the overflow of electrolyte during machining is avoided, the workpiece 5 is located in the center after the upper clamp 3 and the lower clamp 7 are assembled, a tool electrode feeding channel and an electrolyte flow channel are formed inside the clamp, a first assembly tool electrode 1 and a second assembly tool electrode 4 are attached to the wall surface of the feeding channel, the first assembly tool electrode 1 and the second assembly tool electrode 4 can feed towards the workpiece 5 along the feeding channel, the electrolyte flow channel structure ensures that electrolyte can smoothly flow into the machining area from the liquid inlet 6 and then flow out from the liquid outlet 2 from the machining area during the whole machining process, and the liquid inlet 6 and the liquid outlet 2 of the electrolyte flow channel are respectively connected with liquid inlet and outlet pipelines of an electrolyte circulating system, so that the smooth circulation of the electrolyte is ensured.

The programmable current on-off device mainly comprises a control circuit and an electronic switch circuit; the control circuit can control the electronic switch on the electronic switch circuit to carry out current on-off control according to a given program rule according to a set program; the number of the switch circuits is not less than the number of the cathode blocks 13 on the first assembling tool electrode 1 and the second assembling tool electrode 4, and two ends of each electronic switch circuit switch are respectively connected with the power supply and the cathode blocks 13 on the first assembling tool electrode 1 and the second assembling tool electrode 4, so that the electrified current of each cathode block 13 can be respectively controlled.

Setting a current on-off control program of the programmed current on-off device, ensuring that all cathode blocks 13 in a processing area are electrified at intervals in the same electrified time period, and accumulating products, bubbles and heat in a processing gap corresponding to each cathode block 13 in a smaller range without generating great influence on the processing process; after a tiny time unit is electrified, the electrified cathode block 13 is powered off, and the electrolyte completely carries away products, bubbles and heat in the machining gap; the unit which is not electrified before is electrified according to a set program, the electrifying rule is the same as that before, the accumulation of products, bubbles and heat in the processing gap corresponding to each cathode block 13 is in a smaller range, the processing process cannot be greatly influenced, and the unit is electrified in a reciprocating period; in the final stage of processing, the electrifying time of each cathode block in the same period is ensured to be the same so as to ensure that each part is uniformly corroded and removed.

The product model provided by the invention is only used according to the structural characteristics of the product, the product can be adjusted and modified after being purchased so as to be more matched and accord with the technical scheme of the invention, the product model is the best application technical scheme of the technical scheme, the product model can be replaced and modified according to the required technical parameters, and the product model is well known by the technical personnel in the field, so that the technical scheme provided by the invention can clearly obtain the corresponding use effect.

In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A programmable electrified molded surface electrolytic machining device is characterized by comprising a first assembly tool electrode (1) and a second assembly tool electrode (4), which are formed by assembling a plurality of cathode blocks (13) together;

insulating layers (10) are arranged between the cathode blocks (13), the connecting structures (11) are made of insulating materials, and every two assembled cathode blocks (13) are mutually insulated; the end faces of the assembled cathode blocks (13) form a processing profile together for forming and processing the profile of the workpiece (5), and the end faces of the cathode blocks (13) are passivated.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the clamp main body is divided into a workpiece seat (8), a lower clamp (7) and an upper clamp (3).

3. A programmable energization-type surface electrolytic processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the workpiece seat (8) is made of conductive metal materials, is fixed on the lower clamp (7) and is used for installing and fixing the anode workpiece (5), and the workpiece seat (8) is connected with the positive electrode of a power supply through an electric copper bar to connect the power supply with the workpiece (5); the lower clamp (7) is made of insulating materials and is fixed on the processing machine tool equipment.

4. A programmable energization-type surface electrolytic processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the lower clamp (7) structure needs to shield the key part of the workpiece seat (8) to avoid the workpiece seat (8) material from being corroded and damaged during processing; the upper clamp (3) is made of insulating materials and is arranged on the lower clamp (7), and the contact surface of the upper clamp (3) and the lower clamp (7) is arranged in a sealing manner.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein: after the upper clamp (3) and the lower clamp (7) are assembled, the workpiece (5) is located in the center, a tool electrode feeding channel and an electrolyte flow channel are formed inside the clamp, the first assembling tool electrode (1) and the second assembling tool electrode (4) are attached to the wall surface of the feeding channel, and the first assembling tool electrode (1) and the second assembling tool electrode (4) can feed towards the workpiece (5) along the feeding channel.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the electrolyte runner structure needs to ensure that in the whole processing process, electrolyte can smoothly flow into the processing area from the liquid inlet (6) and then flows out from the processing area to be discharged from the liquid outlet (2), and the liquid inlet (6) and the liquid outlet (2) of the electrolyte runner are respectively connected with a liquid inlet and outlet pipeline of an electrolyte circulating system to ensure the smooth circulation of the electrolyte.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the programming current on-off device mainly comprises a control circuit and an electronic switch circuit; the control circuit can control the electronic switch on the electronic switch circuit to carry out current on-off control according to a given program rule according to a set program; the number of the switch circuits is not less than that of the cathode blocks (13) on the first assembling tool electrode (1) and the second assembling tool electrode (4), and two ends of each electronic switch circuit switch are respectively connected with the power supply and the cathode blocks (13) on the first assembling tool electrode (1) and the second assembling tool electrode (4).

8. A method and apparatus for programmable energization profile electrochemical machining, comprising the steps of:

step one, setting a current on-off control program of a programmed current on-off device, wherein the cathode blocks (13) of a processing area are required to be electrified at intervals in the same electrified time period, and products, bubbles and heat in a processing gap corresponding to each cathode block (13) are accumulated in a small range, so that the processing process is not greatly influenced;

step two, after a tiny time unit is electrified, the electrified cathode block (13) is powered off, and the electrolyte brings away all products, bubbles and heat in the machining gap;

step three, electrifying the units which are not electrified before according to a set program, wherein the electrifying rule is the same as that before, and products, bubbles and heat in the machining gap corresponding to each cathode block (13) are accumulated in a smaller range without generating larger influence on the machining process, so that the units are electrified in a reciprocating period;

and step four, in the final stage of processing, the electrifying time of each cathode block in the same period is ensured to be the same so as to ensure that each part is uniformly corroded and removed.

Images