CN115532002A - Kitchen odor grading and enriching method - Google Patents
Kitchen odor grading and enriching method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115532002A CN115532002A CN202211082280.6A CN202211082280A CN115532002A CN 115532002 A CN115532002 A CN 115532002A CN 202211082280 A CN202211082280 A CN 202211082280A CN 115532002 A CN115532002 A CN 115532002A
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/54—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using ultra-fine filter sheets or diaphragms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0275—Other waste gases from food processing plants or kitchens
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kitchen odor grading and enriching method. The method comprises the steps that after moisture and particulate matters are intercepted by a filter membrane, kitchen odor sequentially passes through a first-stage adsorption unit to enrich alkaline odor gas, a second-stage adsorption unit to enrich acidic odor gas and a third-stage adsorption unit to adsorb materials to enrich organic sulfur odor gas; the first-stage adsorption unit adopts dilute acid liquid as absorption liquid A; the secondary adsorption unit adopts dilute alkali liquor containing cadmium salt and ammonium polyvinyl alcohol phosphate as absorption liquid B; the three-stage adsorption unit adopts a biochar loaded transition metal oxide composite material as a solid adsorption material. The method can realize high-selectivity classification and enrichment of main components such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, trimethylamine, sulfur-containing organic matters and the like in the kitchen odor, and has the advantages of simplicity in operation, high enrichment efficiency, stability in adsorption, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a kitchen odor enrichment method, in particular to a kitchen odor grading enrichment method, and belongs to the technical field of waste gas analysis and detection.
Background
With the continuous advance of urbanization and the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the yield of kitchen waste is greatly increased, and the waste gas generated in the kitchen waste treatment process of a waste treatment plant is correspondingly increased, wherein the waste gas comprises a large amount of gases with foul odor properties such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and thiols, serious pollution is brought to the surrounding air environment quality, and great harm is caused to the work, life and physical and mental health of residents, so that detection and analysis are needed to effectively treat the gases. However, among all environmental pollution factors, air pollution has the characteristics of fast diffusion, wide influence range and the like, and some trace gases have technical limitations of low detection threshold, large odor and the like in the analysis, detection and treatment processes, so that before the odor is analyzed and detected, enrichment and concentration treatment needs to be carried out on the trace gases.
At present, the methods for enriching odor mainly comprise enrichment means such as low-temperature condensation, solid adsorption and the like. The low-temperature condensation method is characterized in that gas is condensed and concentrated in a low-temperature environment by using liquid nitrogen refrigeration or electronic refrigeration and the like, and the low-temperature condensation method has high enrichment efficiency and the like, for example, patent CN104792604A discloses an electronic refrigeration atmosphere preconcentrator, patent CN107328637A discloses an online atmosphere preconcentrator, patent CN216924859U discloses an electric refrigeration device of the atmosphere preconcentrator, and patent CN114705532A discloses a four-stage cold trap atmosphere preconcentrator and a concentration method thereof, wherein the patent technologies are based on the low-temperature condensation enrichment method as a starting point, and the methods mainly aim at partial organic gas, have poor selectivity and high condensation cost.
The solid adsorption is divided into two types according to the adsorption mechanism, one type is a physical adsorption method taking an activated carbon material as an adsorbent, and the method has the advantages of wide material source, mature process, low cost and the like and is a common gas adsorption means for the public. For example, patent CN207385124U discloses a composite pipe and a VOC enrichment device, and patent CN213091322U discloses a low-emission environmental air VOC enrichment and concentration device, and the methods also have the defects of poor gas selectivity, unstable adsorption and the like.
Of course, some conventional chemical adsorption materials have relatively high gas selectivity, which are obtained by using a biomass raw material as a template and a metal oxide, a metal salt, or the like as a modifier, based on chemical adsorption. For example, patent CN105056882A discloses a preparation method of a modified biochar-based adsorbent for removing hydrogen sulfide, patent CN112295444a discloses a hydrogen sulfide adsorbent with a modified metal organic compound framework and a preparation method and application thereof, patent CN104084112A discloses an ammonia adsorbent modified by lanthanum chloride, and the patent technologies are all based on a chemical adsorption mode to prepare adsorption materials with a selective adsorption function on gas, and the materials have high selectivity on gas, so that odors with high concentration such as ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide with conventional concentration can be enriched from a real kitchen mixed odor, but the enrichment purpose cannot be achieved for some trace organic gases such as sulfur-containing organic substances. Patent CN113117642a discloses a sulfur-containing organic adsorbent and a preparation method thereof, wherein petroleum coke, iron-containing compound and potassium hydroxide are subjected to high-temperature treatment under inert atmosphere to obtain activated carbon, and then the activated carbon is subjected to oxidation modification and low-temperature treatment to obtain the sulfur-containing organic adsorbent, so that the purpose of enriching thioether, mercaptan and other trace organic gases can be achieved. However, the kitchen odor has complex components and contains main components such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, trimethylamine, sulfur-containing organic matters, and the like, and a device and a method for classifying and enriching the main components in the kitchen odor are not available in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for realizing the fractional enrichment of kitchen odor, which can realize the high-selectivity classification and enrichment of main odor gas components such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, trimethylamine, sulfur-containing organic matters and the like in the kitchen odor, is favorable for subsequent detection and analysis, and has the advantages of simple operation, high enrichment efficiency, stable adsorption, low cost and the like.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a kitchen odor grading enrichment method, which comprises the steps of retaining moisture and particulate matters of the kitchen odor through a filter membrane, sequentially enriching alkaline odor gas through a first-stage adsorption unit, enriching acidic odor gas through a second-stage adsorption unit and absorbing organic odor gas through a third-stage adsorption unit; the first-stage adsorption unit adopts dilute acid liquid as absorption liquid A; the secondary adsorption unit adopts dilute alkali liquor containing cadmium salt and ammonium polyvinyl alcohol phosphate as absorption liquid B; the three-stage adsorption unit adopts a biochar loaded transition metal oxide composite material as a solid adsorption material.
In the process of carrying out graded enrichment on kitchen odor, a first-stage adsorption unit adopts a dilute acid solution to capture odor gases such as alkaline ammonia gas and trimethylamine, a second-stage adsorption unit adopts a dilute alkali solution containing cadmium sulfate and ammonium polyvinyl alcohol phosphate to adsorb acidic odor gases such as hydrogen sulfide, a third-stage adsorption unit adopts a biochar loaded transition metal oxide composite material to adsorb organic sulfur odor gases such as methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide and carbon disulfide, the adsorption of each-stage adsorption unit has high selectivity and high adsorption capacity, the high-selectivity graded enrichment of main components such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, trimethylamine and sulfur-containing organic matters in the kitchen odor can be realized, the adsorption sequence of the first-stage adsorption unit, the second-stage adsorption unit and the third-stage adsorption unit is very important, the ammonia gas is preferentially absorbed, the ammonia gas is prevented from being fixedly held by other absorption liquids or solid adsorption materials, the hydrogen sulfide is selectively removed, the interference of the hydrogen sulfide on the organic sulfide absorption process is prevented, and the integral graded enrichment efficiency of the kitchen odor can be improved to the greatest extent.
Preferably, the absorption liquid A is a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 0.05 to 1 g/L. If the concentration of sulfuric acid is too low, ammonia absorption may be incomplete, whereas if the concentration of sulfuric acid is too high, the ammoxidation reaction may easily occur.
As a preferable scheme, the concentration of cadmium salt in the absorption liquid B is 3-5 g/L, and the concentration of ammonium polyvinyl alcohol phosphate is 8-12 g/L. The absorption liquid B contains sodium hydroxide with the concentration of less than 0.5 g/L. The cadmium salt is easy to form an alkaline cadmium hydroxide suspension in a dilute alkaline solution, the alkaline cadmium hydroxide is easy to capture hydrogen sulfide to form cadmium sulfide precipitate, and the ammonium polyvinyl alcohol phosphate mainly wraps the cadmium sulfide precipitate to prevent the cadmium sulfide precipitate from being decomposed by light.
As a preferred scheme, the composite material of the biological carbon supported transition metal oxide comprises a multi-transition metal co-oxide and biological carbon; the biochar comprises at least one of camellia oleifera shell carbon, pepper straw carbon, lemon peel carbon, grapefruit peel carbon, orange peel carbon and herb residue carbon; the multi-transition metal co-oxide comprises a co-oxide of at least three transition metals of copper, iron, zinc, silver and nickel. The biochar loaded transition metal oxide composite material disclosed by the invention has high selective adsorption on organic sulfide small molecules and strong adsorption capacity. Different transition metal oxides have different adsorption capacities and selectivity on different organic sulfides, and based on the characteristic that the kitchen odor contains methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, carbon disulfide and other organic sulfides, the transition metal oxides formed by any three, any four or any five transition metals of copper, iron, zinc, silver and nickel are preferably adopted, so that the kitchen odor can be efficiently absorbed by various organic sulfides at the same time.
As a preferable scheme, the mass percentage of the biochar and the multi-transition metal co-oxide in the biochar-supported transition metal oxide composite material is 40-60% to 40-60%, wherein the mass of the multi-transition metal co-oxide is measured by the mass of the transition metal contained in the multi-transition metal co-oxide.
As a preferred scheme, the mass percentage content of each transition metal oxide in the multi-transition metal co-oxide is not less than 20%, wherein the mass of the transition metal oxide is measured by the mass of the transition metal contained in the multi-transition metal co-oxide. The high-efficiency adsorption of organic sulfides can be influenced by the low proportion of a certain transition metal oxide in the multi-transition metal co-oxide. More preferably, when the multi-transition metal co-oxide contains three or four transition metals, the mass percentage of each transition metal oxide is 20-40%. More preferably, when five transition metals are contained in the multi-transition metal co-oxide, the mass percentage content of each transition metal oxide is 25%.
As a preferred scheme, the kitchen odor comprises alkaline odor gas including ammonia gas and trimethylamine, acidic odor gas including hydrogen sulfide, and organic sulfur odor gas including methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide and carbon disulfide.
As a preferable scheme, the kitchen odor is subjected to closed cycle absorption among the primary absorption unit, the secondary absorption unit and the tertiary absorption unit until the odor is completely absorbed. After the first round of absorption is carried out, most stink gas homoenergetic is absorbed by the high efficiency, and few partial residual stink gas can be absorbed through closed cycle to improve the hierarchical enrichment efficiency of kitchen odor.
The biochar loaded transition metal oxide composite material is prepared by the following method:
step 1) crushing and screening a biomass raw material, screening particles with the granularity less than or equal to 100 meshes, carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the biomass raw material obtained by screening by adopting 5-25% of alkali liquor according to the solid-liquid ratio of 100-400 g/L at the temperature of 150-250 ℃ for 5-20 h, washing the biomass raw material to be neutral by using deionized water, and drying the biomass raw material to obtain a biochar material; the preferable biomass raw material is at least one of oil tea shell, pepper straw, lemon peel, shaddock peel, orange peel and traditional Chinese medicine residue; preferably, the alkali liquor is at least one of sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution and ammonia water solution;
step 2): dispersing the biochar material and a polyethylene glycol dispersant into a transition metal salt solution, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio is 10-40 g/L, the adding amount of ethylene glycol is 5-15 g/L, the concentration of transition metal ions in the transition metal salt solution is 10-50 g/L, heating, volatilizing, stirring to be viscous, drying, then placing in a tubular furnace under nitrogen atmosphere, calcining for 1-3 h at 500-900 ℃, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and drying to obtain the biochar loaded transition metal oxide composite material; the preferred transition metal salt solution comprises at least three of metal ions such as copper, iron, zinc, silver, nickel and the like, and the transition metal salt is preferably a transition metal nitrate.
The kitchen odor grading and enriching method is further realized based on a kitchen odor grading and enriching device. The device main body comprises a box body (1), and the box body sequentially comprises an air inlet unit (2), a first-stage enrichment unit (31), a second-stage enrichment unit (32), a third-stage enrichment unit (33) and an air valve control and air circulation system (4) from left to right. The gas inlet unit is sequentially connected with the first-stage enrichment unit, the second-stage enrichment unit and the third-stage enrichment unit in series, gas in unit volume is filtered by the filter membrane and then sequentially enters the first-stage enrichment unit, the second-stage enrichment unit and the third-stage enrichment unit, and the gas is enriched on the corresponding enrichment units through the circulating pipeline and the gas valve control system. The gas inlet unit is provided with a gas flowmeter (23) and is used for calculating the total volume of gas introduced into the kitchen odor grading and enriching device, and gas conveying pipelines used by the gas inlet unit are all made of stainless steel; the gas inlet unit is provided with air inlet (21) that is used for treating enrichment gas to collect to and install in the air inlet rear end, be used for filtering filter membrane (22) of solid particulate matters such as moisture in the gas and a mixed a small amount of dust, install gas flowmeter (23) in the filter membrane rear end, be used for calculating to let in the total volume of the gas in the odor enrichment device. An air pump a (421) is installed at the rear end of the air inlet unit and used for providing power for the operation of the kitchen odor classifying and enriching device; the rear end of the air pump is connected with the primary enrichment unit through a stainless steel pipeline, the air inlet unit is inserted into the liquid storage chamber a (311) of the primary enrichment unit through the stainless steel pipeline, and the principle of long inlet and short outlet is followed. The first-stage enrichment unit comprises a liquid storage chamber a, two round small holes are formed in the outer side of the liquid storage chamber a, and are respectively a liquid feeding port a (314) and a liquid taking port a (313) which are respectively used for feeding liquid and taking liquid; the bottom of the outer side of the liquid storage chamber a is provided with a pressure sensor a (315) and a liquid outlet a (321) which are used for controlling the addition amount of the solution and discharging the waste liquid; the bottom of the inner side of the liquid storage chamber a is provided with a rotating blade a (316) for stirring, so that the solution is uniformly mixed, and the enrichment efficiency is improved. The second-stage enrichment unit comprises a liquid storage chamber b (321), two round small holes are formed in the outer side of the liquid storage chamber b and are respectively a liquid feeding port b (324) and a liquid taking port b (323) which are respectively used for feeding liquid and taking liquid; the bottom of the outer side of the liquid storage chamber b is provided with a pressure sensor b (325) and a liquid outlet b (322) which are used for controlling the addition amount of the solution and discharging waste liquid; the bottom of the inner side of the liquid storage chamber b is provided with a rotating blade b (326) for stirring, so that the solution is uniformly mixed, and the enrichment efficiency is improved. The first-stage enrichment unit and the second-stage enrichment unit correspond to two liquid storage chambers connected in series and are respectively used for storing different absorption liquids. The third-stage enrichment unit is connected with the rear ends of the second enrichment units, and comprises an enrichment column (331) and a temperature control system (332); one end of the enrichment column, which is close to the second enrichment unit, is connected with an air pump (423) through a pipeline, and the temperature control system enables the enrichment column to better adsorb or desorb through adjusting the temperature of the system. The gas valve control and gas circulation system is used for connecting the gas inlet unit and the third-stage enrichment unit, specifically, a gas valve (41) is installed at the rear end of the gas inlet unit, and a gas outlet at the rear end of the third-stage enrichment unit is connected with the absorption unit through a circulation pipeline to form a circulation closed loop, so that the enrichment speed is accelerated. The first-stage adsorption unit adopts dilute acid liquid as absorption liquid A; the secondary adsorption unit adopts an absorption liquid B containing cadmium sulfate, sodium hydroxide and ammonium polyvinyl alcohol phosphate as internal active ingredients; the three-stage adsorption unit adopts a biochar loaded transition metal oxide composite material as a solid adsorption material. The kitchen odor grading and enriching device is also provided with an air valve system which is connected with each unit pipeline in a PLC control mode.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can realize the fractional enrichment of kitchen odor and efficiently enrich the main components of the kitchen odor, such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, trimethylamine, sulfur-containing organic matters and the like.
The invention can realize the cyclic adsorption of the kitchen odor and improve the adsorption efficiency of the components in the odor.
According to the invention, different chemical adsorption reagents are adopted to carry out chemical method fractional enrichment on the kitchen odor, and different enrichment materials are respectively used to carry out selective chemical adsorption on the mixed odor, so that the purpose of fractional enrichment is achieved while the adsorption efficiency is improved.
At present, the method for enriching the kitchen odor in a grading manner mainly adopts physical modes such as low-temperature condensation, activated carbon adsorption and the like, and then has high cost and complex operation through gas phase detection and analysis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a kitchen odor grading and enriching device;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a first-stage enrichment unit and a second-stage enrichment unit in the kitchen odor grading enrichment device;
FIG. 3 is a structure diagram of a three-stage enrichment unit in the kitchen odor classifying and enriching device;
in the figure 4, a and b are flow diagrams of gas factors in the kitchen odor classifying and enriching device at the beginning and in the process respectively;
FIG. 5 is an SEM image of a highly enriched material prepared in example 2;
FIG. 6 is an EDS diagram of the high efficiency enrichment material prepared in example 2;
FIG. 7 is an XRD pattern of the highly enriched material prepared in example 2;
the system comprises a tank body 1, an air inlet unit 2, an air inlet 21, a filter membrane 22, a gas flowmeter 23, a first-stage enrichment unit 31, a liquid storage chamber 311, a liquid discharge port 321, a liquid taking port 313, a liquid adding port 314, a pressure sensor 315, a rotary vane 316, a second-stage enrichment unit 32, a liquid storage chamber 321, a liquid discharge port 322, a liquid taking port 323, a liquid adding port 324, a pressure sensor 325, a rotary vane 326, a third-stage enrichment unit 33, an enrichment column 331, a temperature control system 332, a 4-air valve control and gas circulation system 41, an air valve 421, a 422, an air pump b 423, an air pump c, an air pump 431, a metal support 432, a metal support b and a stainless steel pipeline 44.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples are intended to illustrate the invention in further detail without limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
Example 1
The kitchen odor classifying and enriching device is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the design principle and the use method of the kitchen odor classifying and enriching device.
Referring to fig. 1, the kitchen odor classifying and enriching device comprises an air inlet unit 2, a first-stage enriching unit 31 and a second-stage enriching unit 32 which are installed at the rear end of the air inlet unit 2, a third-stage enriching unit 33 which is connected with the second-stage enriching unit, a circulating pipeline which is used for forming a closed loop, and a gas valve control and gas circulating system 4 which is controlled by a PLC and is used for controlling and connecting pipelines of the units. Further, the gas inlet unit 2 is provided with a gas inlet 21 for collecting gas to be enriched, and a filter membrane 22 installed at the rear end of the gas inlet and used for filtering out water in the gas and a small amount of solid particles such as dust mixed in the gas. And a gas flowmeter 23 is arranged at the rear end of the filter membrane and used for calculating the total volume of gas introduced into the kitchen odor grading and enriching device. Further, an air pump a421 is installed at the rear end of the air inlet unit and used for providing power for the operation of the kitchen odor grading and enriching device. The rear end of the air pump a421 is connected with the first-stage enrichment unit 31 through a stainless steel pipeline 44, and the air inlet unit 2 is inserted into the first-stage enrichment unit 31 through the stainless steel pipeline 44 and follows the principle of long-in and short-out. Further, the one-level enrichment unit with the second grade enrichment unit corresponds two independent stock solution rooms, stock solution room a311 and stock solution room b321, is used for storing different absorption liquid respectively, there are stainless steel rotating vane and a circular aperture bottom the stock solution indoor side respectively, stainless steel rotating vane is used for stirring solution, improves enrichment efficiency, circular aperture is the leakage fluid dram for discharge waste liquid. And the bottom of the outer side of the liquid storage chamber is provided with a pressure sensor for displaying the relative mass of the absorption liquid and facilitating the control of the volume of the absorption liquid. Furthermore, two round small holes are respectively arranged on the left side of the liquid storage chamber, one is used for adding absorption liquid, and the other is used for sampling. Further, the rear end of the second stage enrichment unit 32 is connected with a third stage enrichment unit 33, and the third stage enrichment unit 33 comprises an enrichment column 331 and a temperature control system 332. One end of the enrichment column 331, which is close to the third-stage enrichment unit 33, is connected with an air pump a421 through a pipeline, and the temperature control system 332 enables the enrichment column 331 to better adsorb or desorb through adjusting the system temperature. Further, the gas valve control and gas circulation system 4 controls the gas valve 41 and the pipeline to enable the whole device to form a circulation, specifically, the gas valve 41 is installed at the rear end of the gas inlet unit 2, and the gas outlet at the rear end of the third-stage enrichment unit 33 is connected with the first-stage enrichment unit through the circulation pipeline.
Describing the gas circulation process by combining fig. 1 and fig. 4, kitchen odor enters the box body 1 from the gas inlet through negative pressure, after removing some moisture and particulate matters through the filter membrane 22, firstly enters the liquid storage chamber a311 through the stainless steel pipeline 44, enriches some alkaline gases such as ammonia gas and the like, continuously enters the liquid storage chamber b321, enriches hydrogen sulfide therein, finally enters the third-stage enrichment unit 33, enriches sulfur-containing organic matters through the specific adsorption material of the third-stage enrichment unit 33, continuously passes through the circulation pipeline at the rear end of the third-stage enrichment unit 33, enters the liquid storage chamber a311, starts the second round of enrichment, and circulates until the enrichment is complete. The gas circulation process, starting with gas flow as shown in figure 4a, turns on all gas pumps and calculates the total gas volume by means of the gas flow meter 23. After a certain time, the air valve 41 and the air pump a421 are closed, and a circulation air path is formed by the air pump b422 and the air pump c423, as shown in fig. 4 b.
Example 2
The kitchen odor classifying and enriching device will now be described in further detail with reference to fig. 2 and 3, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the method for using the kitchen odor classifying and enriching device according to the present invention.
The kitchen odor grading and enriching device mainly enables mixed gas to sequentially pass through the adsorbing materials according to a certain sequence by matching the adsorbing materials with different gas selectivity, so that odors with different components and properties are respectively adsorbed on a specific adsorbent, and the purpose of grading and enriching is achieved.
Furthermore, an absorption liquid which can be used for enriching ammonia gas, trimethylamine and other nitrogen-containing odor gases is added into a liquid adding port a314 of the liquid storage chamber a311 shown in fig. 2, the absorption liquid is diluted to 1000ml by 2.7ml of concentrated sulfuric acid, and is uniformly mixed to prepare a sulfuric acid solution, and the sulfuric acid solution is diluted by 10 times by water when in use.
Furthermore, an absorption liquid for enriching hydrogen sulfide is added into a liquid adding opening b 324 of a 321 liquid storage chamber b shown in figure 2, the absorption liquid is formed by mixing 4.3g of cadmium sulfate, 0.30g of sodium hydroxide and 10.0g of ammonium polyvinyl alcohol phosphate, the three substances are dissolved in 1L of water and then mixed, and the mixture is intensively shaken and uniformly mixed and refrigerated for standby.
Further, a solid adsorption material which can be used for enriching sulfur-containing organic matters, specifically a biochar-loaded transition metal oxide composite material, is added into the 331-enriched column shown in fig. 3.
The preparation method of the biochar loaded transition metal oxide composite material comprises the following steps:
crushing and sieving the camellia oleifera shell biomass raw material to ensure that the granularity of the biomass raw material is less than or equal to 100 meshes, weighing 10g of biomass powder, adding the biomass powder into 100ml of NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 8%, and then placing the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle to be carbonized for 15 hours at 200 ℃. Washing the carbon material with deionized water to be neutral and drying the carbon material to obtain a carbon material;
and (2) taking 4g of the carbon material and the composite metal salt (the weight of the total metal is 3g, and the weight ratio of the total metal comprises 1.
The SEM, EDS and XRD patterns of the prepared product are shown in figures 5-7 respectively. FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of the high efficiency enrichment material, from which it can be seen that the surface of the material has more pore structures after being modified by sodium hydroxide; FIG. 6 is a spectrum diagram of a high efficiency enrichment material, from which it can be seen that the material is effectively loaded with metal; fig. 7 is an XRD pattern of the high efficiency enriched material showing the crystal structure on the material, from which it can be seen that the material is effectively loaded with three metals.
Example 3
The kitchen odor adsorption experiment is carried out according to the device and the method in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, kitchen odor is introduced into the device for circular absorption, the kitchen odor mainly comprises ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, trimethylamine, sulfur-containing organic substances (methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide and carbon disulfide) and other VOC gases, and the result shows that after 30min, after the mixed gas passes through the three-stage adsorption unit, the comprehensive adsorption efficiency reaches 90%, the adsorption efficiencies of inorganic gases, namely hydrogen sulfide and ammonia respectively reach 89% and 92%, and the adsorption efficiency of the trimethylamine reaches 86%. The enrichment and removal effect of the methyl mercaptan is 95%, the enrichment and removal effect of the methyl sulfide is 93%, the enrichment and removal effect of the dimethyl disulfide is 89%, the enrichment and removal effect of the carbon disulfide is 91%, and the enrichment effect is close to 100% in 4 h.
Example 4
Compared with example 3, the difference is only that the biochar supported transition metal oxide composite material is different. The biochar-supported transition metal oxide composite material was prepared according to the method of example 2 using different single transition metals as follows:
a: only 3g of copper nitrate (measured as copper mass) was used;
b: only 3g of ferric nitrate (measured as copper mass) was employed;
c: only 3g of nickel nitrate (measured in terms of copper mass) was used;
at 30min, the adsorption effects of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and trimethylamine are hardly affected, and the adsorption effect data of sulfur-containing organic matters are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 enrichment removal Effect
Compared with example 3, the single metal loaded biochar material in comparative example 1 has low comprehensive enrichment efficiency on sulfur-containing organic compounds.
Example 5
Compared with example 3, the difference is only that the biochar supported transition metal oxide composite material is different. The biochar-supported metal oxide composite material is prepared by replacing transition metal with other metal according to the method of the embodiment 2, which comprises the following specific steps:
(A) Copper nitrate: aluminum nitrate: magnesium nitrate mass ratio =1:1:1, 3g (measured by total mass of copper, aluminum and magnesium metal);
(B) Iron nitrate: aluminum nitrate: magnesium nitrate mass ratio =1:1:1, 3g (measured by the total mass of iron, aluminum and magnesium metal);
(C) Nickel nitrate: aluminum nitrate: magnesium nitrate mass ratio =1:1:1 and 3g (measured by the total mass of iron, aluminum and magnesium metal).
At 30min, the adsorption effects of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and trimethylamine are hardly affected, and the adsorption effect data of sulfur-containing organic matters are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 enrichment removal Effect
As can be seen from examples 2 and 5, the metals copper, iron and nickel have better adsorption effects on methyl mercaptan, carbon disulfide, methyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide respectively.
Example 6
Compared with example 3, the difference is only that the biochar supported transition metal oxide composite material is different. Two of the three metal materials are combined pairwise to prepare the following three types of biochar loaded oxide composite materials:
(A) Copper nitrate: iron nitrate =1:1, 3g (measured by total mass of copper and iron metal);
(B) Iron nitrate: nickel nitrate =1:1, 3g (measured by the total mass of iron and nickel metal);
(C) Nickel nitrate: copper nitrate =1:1, 3g (measured as the total mass of nickel and copper metal).
At 30min, the adsorption effects of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and trimethylamine are hardly affected, and the adsorption effect data of sulfur-containing organic matters are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 enrichment removal Effect
Claims (9)
1. A kitchen odor grading and enriching method is characterized in that: after moisture and particulate matters are intercepted by a filter membrane, the kitchen odor sequentially passes through a first-stage adsorption unit to enrich alkaline odor gas, a second-stage adsorption unit to enrich acidic odor gas and a third-stage adsorption unit to adsorb the organic sulfur odor gas;
the first-stage adsorption unit adopts dilute acid liquid as absorption liquid A;
the secondary adsorption unit adopts dilute alkali liquor containing cadmium salt and ammonium polyvinyl alcohol phosphate as absorption liquid B;
the three-stage adsorption unit adopts a biochar loaded transition metal oxide composite material as a solid adsorption material.
2. The kitchen odor grading and enriching method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the absorption liquid A is a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 0.05-1 g/L.
3. The kitchen odor fractionation and enrichment method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the concentration of cadmium salt in the absorption liquid B is 3-5 g/L, and the concentration of ammonium polyvinyl alcohol phosphate is 8-12 g/L.
4. The kitchen odor fractionation and enrichment method according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: the absorption liquid B contains sodium hydroxide with the concentration of less than 0.5 g/L.
5. The kitchen odor fractionation and enrichment method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the biochar loaded transition metal oxide composite material comprises a multi-transition metal co-oxide and biochar; the biochar comprises at least one of camellia oleifera shell carbon, pepper straw carbon, lemon peel carbon, grapefruit peel carbon, orange peel carbon and herb residue carbon; the multi-transition metal co-oxide comprises a co-oxide of at least three transition metals of copper, iron, zinc, silver and nickel.
6. The kitchen odor fractionation and enrichment method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the mass percentage of the biochar and the multi-transition metal co-oxide in the biochar-supported transition metal oxide composite material is 40-60% to 40-60%, wherein the mass of the multi-transition metal co-oxide is measured by the mass of the transition metal contained in the multi-transition metal co-oxide.
7. The kitchen odor fractionation and enrichment method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: the mass percentage content of each transition metal oxide in the multi-transition metal co-oxide is not less than 20%, wherein the mass of the transition metal oxide is measured by the mass of the transition metal contained in the multi-transition metal co-oxide.
8. The kitchen odor fractionation and enrichment method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the kitchen odor comprises alkaline odor gas including ammonia gas and trimethylamine, acidic odor gas including hydrogen sulfide, and organic sulfur odor gas including methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide and carbon disulfide.
9. The kitchen odor grading and enriching method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the kitchen odor is subjected to closed cycle absorption among the first-stage adsorption unit, the second-stage adsorption unit and the third-stage adsorption unit until the odor gas is completely adsorbed.
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