CN115528690B - 一种海上风电场黑启动服务成本综合优化方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种海上风电场黑启动服务成本综合优化方法,属于电力市场建设规划领域,包括以下步骤:步骤1、根据当下电力市场交易机制,结合海上风电场特点,构建黑启动市场电价竞价模型;步骤2、考虑海底电缆传输的大量无功需求,构建海上风电场黑启动服务无功成本模型;步骤3、考虑黑启动过程辅助装置的建造维护成本以及风电场主设备的损耗,建立设备成本模型;步骤4、设计目标优化函数,采用粒子群算法进行迭代求解,实现海上风电场承接黑启动服务综合成本最低;该海上风电场黑启动服务成本综合优化方法,在未来电力市场逐步完善的背景下,将成为国内利用海上风电资源承接黑启动服务的尝试,有效降低了服务成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电力市场建设规划领域,具体涉及含双馈风机的海上风电场承担电网黑启动服务的成本优化方法。
背景技术
海上风电从近海逐渐向远洋发展,并网方式也从传统高压交流输电发展为交流、传统直流、柔性直流、交直混合等多元化的模式,根据实际需求配合针对性方案,成本得到进一步降低。随着大量的海上风力发电项目建设、并网投运,将不可避免地带来大量的新难题、新挑战。例如大规模的海上风电场投入运行而显著提高沿海局域电力系统的风电渗透率,高风电渗透率将增加电力系统稳定风险,甚至会导致电网大停电事故。今年英国8.9大停电事故起因中,就包含大规模海上风电场脱网,导致系统频率下跌越限而切负荷。除此之外,还有各种复杂的特殊运行工况也会逐渐出现。
随着电力市场改革的深入实践研究,电力系统辅助安全运行服务越来越受到人们的广泛关注。电力系统运行时发生的最严重故障是局部或者全网大停电事故,所以如何在大停电后迅速恢复供电具有重要的理论和实际意义。关于黑启动的研究很多基于陆上抽水蓄能电站或者陆地风电场,然而在一些近海地区完全可以依据快速发展的海上风电承担附近负荷的黑启动服务,进而探索海上风电场承担黑启动服务的市场竞争机制,完善电力市场的建设与发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种海上风电场黑启动服务成本综合优化方法,达到探索海上风电场承担承担附近负荷黑启动服务时的市场竞争机制,降低服务成本的目的。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案,一种海上风电场黑启动服务成本综合优化方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、根据当下电力市场交易机制,结合海上风电场特点,构建黑启动市场电价竞价模型;
步骤2、考虑海底电缆传输的大量无功需求,构建海上风电场黑启动服务无功成本模型;
步骤3、考虑黑启动过程辅助装置的建造维护成本以及风电场主设备的损耗,建立设备成本模型;
步骤4、设计目标优化函数,采用粒子群算法进行迭代求解,实现海上风电场承接黑启动服务综合成本最低。
优选的,步骤1中,依据当前电力市场交易机制,目标为满足海上风电场附近负荷需求,建立市场竞价模型;
其中,以购电成本最小为目标:
其中海上风电场的市场报价均以常规发电机组最低报价进行设定,以促进风电渗透率的提高。
优选的,常规发电机组,其常规出力约束和爬坡约束方程:
优选的, 步骤2中,考虑海底电缆传输的大量无功需求,构建海上风电场黑启动服务无功成本模型,其中考虑有功网损、柴油发电机无功折算费用以及双馈风机无功折算费用,对于柴油发电机无功折算费用,其表达式为:
优选的,对于双馈风机无功折算费用,其表达式为:
优选的,步骤3中,考虑黑启动过程辅助装置的建造维护成本以及风电场主设备的损耗,建立设备成本模型,其表达式为:
优选的,步骤4中,设计目标优化函数,采用粒子群算法进行迭代求解,实现海上风电场承接黑启动服务综合成本最低,其中优化目标函数为:
优选的,步骤4中,以有功网损价格、双馈风机无功折算费用、柴油发电机无功折算费用、黑启动设备成本模型以及市场购电成本最低,构造多目标函数,
其中利用归一化方法设置的目标函数为:
优选的,步骤4中,优化模型的等式约束条件为:
其中优化模型的不等式约束条件为:
式中:为黑启动柴油发电机有功输出;为黑启动柴油发电机无功输出;为第个节点电压;为承担黑启动的双馈风机有功输出;为承担黑启动的双馈风机无功输出;分别为黑启动柴油发电机有功输出下限和上限;分别为黑启动柴油发电机无功输出下限和上限;分别为第i个节点电压的下限和上限;分别为承担黑启动的双馈风机有功输出下限和上限;分别为承担黑启动的双馈风机无功输出下限和上限;
对采用的粒子群优化算法对不同的等式和不等式约束条件,使用不同的惯性权重分配,表达式如下:
本发明的技术效果和优点:1)该海上风电场黑启动服务成本综合优化方法,考虑以海上风电作为附近负荷的黑启动电源时带来的经济成本问题,通过结合电力市场专业领域的成本计算以及人工智能领域的优化算法,进而设计出对于海上风电场承接黑启动服务的综合成本优化方法。解决了远海近海风电场承接黑启动服务的经济性问题,同时也为海上风电的普及以及成本降低提供了重要的参考价值。探索了大规模海上风电场除承接电网调峰调频外的其他服务方式,具有重要学术意义和工程实用价值;2)本发明考虑承接黑启动服务的海上风电场成本综合优化方法,以典型的双馈风机为风电场主体,利用海上风电场在黑启动时的有功无功出力进行折算成本,同时充分考虑黑启动特有设备比如柴油发电机等的设备维护折旧成本。创新性的考虑利用双馈风机网侧变流器输出无功,为风电场以及海底电缆传输提供大量无功支撑。在着重考虑了风机的折旧损耗费用的基础上再添加电力市场的购电成本来评估风机发电价格。综合考虑了有功网损价格、双馈风机无功折算费用、柴油发电机无功折算费用、黑启动设备成本模型以及市场购电成本五大因素后构建优化目标函数,利用粒子群算法进行迭代寻优,最终求解最低成本以及对应的各自变量取值;3)本发明将海上风电场黑启动服务需要考虑的诸多因素统一归纳为成本问题,把多维度多目标的规划问题统一为系统参数优化问题,有助于促进大规模海上风电场的建设,同时为电力市场黑启动服务的标准化流程提供案例和依据。
附图说明
图1为本发明的流程示意图;
图2为本发明海上风电场黑启动服务成本综合优化方法流程图;
图3为本发明粒子群优化算法流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:本发明提供了如图1、图2中所示的海上风电场黑启动服务成本综合优化方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、根据当下电力市场交易机制,结合海上风电场特点,构建黑启动市场电价竞价模型;
其中,以购电成本最小为目标:
其中海上风电场的市场报价均以常规发电机组最低报价进行设定,以促进风电渗透率的提高。
其中海上风电场的市场报价均以常规发电机组最低报价进行设定,以促进风电渗透率的提高。
所述常规发电机组,其常规出力约束和爬坡约束方程:
步骤2、考虑海底电缆传输的大量无功需求,构建海上风电场黑启动服务无功成本模型;考虑海底电缆传输的大量无功需求,构建海上风电场黑启动服务无功成本模型,其中考虑有功网损、柴油发电机无功折算费用以及双馈风机无功折算费用。对于柴油发电机无功折算费用,其表达式为:
对于双馈风机无功折算费用,其表达式为:
步骤3、考虑黑启动过程辅助装置的建造维护成本以及风电场主设备的损耗,建立设备成本模型;考虑黑启动过程辅助装置的建造维护成本以及风电场主设备的损耗,建立设备成本模型,其表达式为:
步骤4、设计目标优化函数,采用粒子群算法进行迭代求解,实现海上风电场承接黑启动服务综合成本最低,其中优化目标函数为:
优选的,步骤4中,以有功网损价格、双馈风机无功折算费用、柴油发电机无功折算费用、黑启动设备成本模型以及市场购电成本最低,构造多目标函数,
其中利用归一化方法设置的目标函数为:
优选的,步骤4中,优化模型的等式约束条件为:
其中优化模型的不等式约束条件为:
式中:为黑启动柴油发电机有功输出;为黑启动柴油发电机无功输出;为第个节点电压;为承担黑启动的双馈风机有功输出;为承担黑启动的双馈风机无功输出;分别为黑启动柴油发电机有功输出下限和上限;分别为黑启动柴油发电机无功输出下限和上限;分别为第i个节点电压的下限和上限;分别为承担黑启动的双馈风机有功输出下限和上限;分别为承担黑启动的双馈风机无功输出下限和上限;
对采用的粒子群优化算法对不同的等式和不等式约束条件,使用不同的惯性权重分配,表达式如下:
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种海上风电场黑启动服务成本综合优化方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤1、根据当下电力市场交易机制,结合海上风电场特点,构建黑启动市场电价竞价模型;
步骤2、考虑海底电缆传输的大量无功需求,构建海上风电场黑启动服务无功成本模型;
步骤3、考虑黑启动过程辅助装置的建造维护成本以及风电场主设备的损耗,建立设备成本模型;
步骤4、设计目标优化函数,采用粒子群算法进行迭代求解,实现海上风电场承接黑启动服务综合成本最低;
步骤1中,依据当前电力市场交易机制,目标为满足海上风电场附近负荷需求,建立市场竞价模型;
其中,以购电成本最小为目标:
其中海上风电场的市场报价均以常规发电机组最低报价进行设定,以促进风电渗透率的提高;
常规发电机组,其常规出力约束和爬坡约束方程:
步骤2中,考虑海底电缆传输的大量无功需求,构建海上风电场黑启动服务无功成本模型,其中考虑有功网损、柴油发电机无功折算费用以及双馈风机无功折算费用,对于柴油发电机无功折算费用,其表达式为:
对于双馈风机无功折算费用,其表达式为:
步骤3中,考虑黑启动过程辅助装置的建造维护成本以及风电场主设备的损耗,建立设备成本模型,其表达式为:
步骤4中,设计目标优化函数,采用粒子群算法进行迭代求解,实现海上风电场承接黑启动服务综合成本最低,其中优化目标函数为:
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种海上风电场黑启动服务成本综合优化方法,其特征在于:步骤4中,优化模型的等式约束条件为:
其中优化模型的不等式约束条件为:
式中:为黑启动柴油发电机有功输出;为黑启动柴油发电机无功输出;为第个节点电压;为承担黑启动的双馈风机有功输出;为承担黑启动的双馈风机无功输出;分别为黑启动柴油发电机有功输出下限和上限;分别为黑启动柴油发电机无功输出下限和上限;分别为第i个节点电压的下限和上限;分别为承担黑启动的双馈风机有功输出下限和上限;分别为承担黑启动的双馈风机无功输出下限和上限;
对采用的粒子群优化算法对不同的等式和不等式约束条件,使用不同的惯性权重分配,表达式如下:
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