CN115528232A - Reed-derived hard carbon sodium electric anode material, preparation method thereof and energy storage battery - Google Patents
Reed-derived hard carbon sodium electric anode material, preparation method thereof and energy storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN115528232A CN115528232A CN202211223124.7A CN202211223124A CN115528232A CN 115528232 A CN115528232 A CN 115528232A CN 202211223124 A CN202211223124 A CN 202211223124A CN 115528232 A CN115528232 A CN 115528232A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of sodium ion battery materials, and discloses a reed-derived hard carbon sodium electrical negative electrode material, a preparation method thereof and an energy storage battery, wherein the preparation of the reed-derived hard carbon negative electrode material is realized through a phosphoric acid pyrolysis method, and the preparation method mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, washing dry reed with water, drying, crushing and sieving, then carrying out concentrated phosphoric acid pickling treatment on the material, then heating the material to carry out pyrolytic reaction, and then crushing and sieving to obtain P 2 O 5 A composite nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon negative electrode material. The preparation method has simple process and easy operation, and the prepared hard carbon cathode materialThe material has excellent electrochemical performance and good environmental protection performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sodium ion battery manufacturing, and particularly relates to a reed-derived hard carbon sodium electric anode material, a preparation method thereof and an energy storage battery.
Background
The hard carbon material has low graphitization degree, undeveloped layered structure and larger interlayer spacing than common graphite, the average spacing can reach 0.41nm, enough space can be provided for the storage and deinsertion of sodium ions, and good stability can be maintained in the deinsertion process of the sodium ions; in addition, the hard carbon is more suitable to be used as a negative electrode material of a sodium-ion battery compared with other graphite carbon materials because the disordered structure of the hard carbon enables the hard carbon to have more defects and vacancies and can provide more sodium storage active sites. Furthermore, hard carbon has become the most studied carbon negative electrode material due to its wide source, simple preparation, and the like. The hard carbon is mainly classified into 2 types, synthetic organic matter and biomass. Wherein, the method for preparing the hard carbon is the cheapest and green hard carbon preparation method by adopting the common biomass or biomass waste as the hard carbon source.
The Chinese patent application with the prior art publication number of CN114709405A discloses a preparation method of a biomass-based hard carbon composite material. However, in the method, by designing the core-shell structure, the filling cavity is designed between the core shells, and the alloy material is filled in the filling cavity, so that the design method is complicated, and is not beneficial to realizing large-scale development and application.
The reed contains a large amount of cellulose, so the reed is often used for papermaking and artificial fiber, but due to continuous release of environmental protection policies in recent years, a large amount of papermaking enterprises are continuously released, so that the reed is abandoned in a large area, and resources cannot be fully utilized. Meanwhile, the reed contains a large amount of amino acid and carbohydrate, has high-content carbon source and nitrogen source, and can be used as a biomass raw material of hard carbon and realize in-situ heterogeneous element doping. Therefore, the invention discloses a reed-derived hard carbon sodium electric negative electrode material, a preparation method thereof and an energy storage battery.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the analysis, the invention aims at providing a reed-derived hard sodium carbonate electric negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the P is prepared by carrying out concentrated phosphoric acid leaching and impurity removal on reeds and combining with subsequent pyrolysis reaction 2 O 5 Composite nitrogen dopingThe prepared hard carbon cathode material has rich electrochemical active sites, effectively improves the conductivity and ion conduction rate of the material, and finally improves the electrochemical performance of the material.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the hard carbon sodium electrical negative electrode material is prepared from reed serving as a raw material, and the hard carbon material is P 2 O 5 A composite nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon material comprising C, N, O, P element.
A preparation method of a reed-derived hard carbon sodium electricity negative electrode material comprises the following steps:
(1) Washing the reed with pure water, and then placing the reed in an air-blast drying oven for drying treatment;
the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the drying time is 10-20h.
(2) Crushing and sieving the dried reed;
(3) Carrying out concentrated phosphoric acid leaching on crushed reed, then adding a rubber H pore-forming agent, carrying out pyrolysis on the reed by heating, and controlling the pyrolysis state and the pyrolysis time by adjusting the atmosphere in a reactor;
(4) After the pyrolysis is finished, the final product P is obtained after the crushing and the sieving treatment 2 O 5 A composite nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon negative electrode material.
Further, the reeds in the step (1) comprise one or more of dune reeds, marsh reeds, transition zone reeds and salinized meadow reeds.
Furthermore, the mesh number of the screen in the step (2) is 100-200 meshes.
Further, the concentration of the concentrated phosphoric acid in the step (3) is 80-90%.
Further, the acid leaching time in the step (3) is 5-20h, and the acid leaching temperature is 40-80 ℃.
Further, the reed: phosphoric acid: the mass ratio of the rubber H pore former is 1: (3-10): (0.1-0.5).
Further, the heating temperature after the pore former is added in the step (3) is 80-120 ℃, the initial atmosphere in the reactor is air, one of nitrogen or argon is introduced after pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis time is 0.5-3h.
A sodium ion energy storage battery comprises the reed-derived hard sodium carbon electric negative electrode material.
Furthermore, the type of the energy storage battery comprises a button battery, a full battery, a soft package battery and a self-assembly battery.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The hard carbon material prepared by the invention is based on the biomass material of the reeds, the reeds have wide sources and are discarded in large quantity, so that the high added value utilization of the reeds can be realized by taking the reeds as the raw material, and the environmental pollution caused by the decay of the reeds can be avoided.
(2) Inorganic impurities and partial organic components are removed through concentrated phosphoric acid leaching, and a foundation is provided for the subsequent preparation of the porous material; adding rubber H pore former, heating for pyrolytic reaction to retain N element of amino acid in the material, and pyrolyzing phosphoric acid to produce P 2 O 5 Composite layer, therefore, P is finally synthesized 2 O 5 The composite nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon negative electrode material can be successfully applied to a negative electrode material of a sodium ion battery, and good sodium storage performance is realized.
(3) The invention designs the hard carbon preparation method which has the advantages of low cost, simple method, shorter flow and lower energy consumption, generates no toxic and harmful substances in the preparation process, is easy to realize mass production and has better application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of the product of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an XRD result of the product of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the cycle performance of the product of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Washing 50g of reed with water, drying, pulverizing, sieving, pulverizing reed to 150 meshes, adding 100ml of 85% concentrated phosphoric acid, soaking for 10h,20g of rubber H pore former was added and placed in a heater for heating at 100 ℃ until pyrolysis occurred. Introducing nitrogen into the reactor, adjusting the ratio of air to nitrogen to 1:1 until pyrolysis is completed, grinding and screening the pyrolyzed product to obtain P 2 O 5 A composite nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon negative electrode material.
An SEM image of the hard carbon negative electrode material prepared in this embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and the hard carbon material inherits the original structure of the reed biomass material, has a large number of channels, and can be used for transmission and storage of sodium ions, which indicates that the material can be embedded with more sodium ions.
The XRD pattern of the material is shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the prepared material is really a hard carbon material and has an amorphous structure, wherein a broad peak is present at about 22 °, corresponding to the (002) plane of the hard carbon material, and a broad peak is also present at about 43 °, corresponding to the (100) plane of the hard carbon material, and the absence of a foreign peak in the figure indicates that the hard carbon impurity is less.
As shown in FIG. 3, with P 2 O 5 The composite nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon cathode material is used as a cathode, and P2-Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 NaClO as anode with electrolyte of 1.0M 4 A solution dissolved in ethyl carbonate/propylene carbonate (EC: PC = 1). The electrode mass ratio of the positive electrode to the negative electrode in the full cell is 2:1, and in the positive electrode and the negative electrode, active material (P2-Na) is added 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 Nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon material): super P: the mass ratios of PVDF are all 8. The assembled full battery is cycled for 200 circles under the voltage of 2-4.2V and the multiplying power of 10C, and the reversible capacity calculated by the mass of the anode material is 75.3mA h g -1 。
Comparative example 1
50g of washed dry reed is crushed and sieved, the reed is crushed into 150 meshes, 100ml of 50 percent concentrated phosphoric acid is added into the reed for acid leaching for 10 hours, 20g of rubber H pore forming agent is added into the reed, and the reed is placed in a heater for heating at 100 ℃ until a pyrolysis reaction occurs. Introducing nitrogen into the reactor, and adjusting the ratio of air to nitrogen to 1:1 until pyrolysis is finishedAfter finishing, grinding and screening the mixture to obtain P 2 O 5 A composite nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon negative electrode material.
With P 2 O 5 The composite nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon negative electrode material is used as a negative electrode, and P2-Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 NaClO as anode with electrolyte of 1.0M 4 A solution dissolved in ethyl carbonate/propylene carbonate (EC: PC = 1) was used as an electrolyte, and a full cell was assembled. The electrode mass ratio of the positive electrode to the negative electrode in the full cell is 2:1, and the active material (P2-Na) is contained in the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 Nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon material): super P: the mass ratio of PVDF is 8. The assembled full battery is cycled for 200 circles under the voltage of 2-4.2V and the multiplying power of 10C, and the reversible capacity calculated by the mass of the anode material is 56.8mA h g -1 。
Comparative example 2
50g of washed dry reed is crushed and sieved, the reed is crushed to 150 meshes, 100ml of 20 percent diluted phosphoric acid is added into the reed for acid leaching for 10 hours, 20g of rubber H pore forming agent is added into the reed, and the reed is placed in a heater for heating at 100 ℃ until the water is completely volatilized. Placing the mixture into a reactor, sintering the mixture for 2 hours at a high temperature of 1000 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, grinding and screening the mixture after the reaction is finished to obtain P 2 O 5 A composite nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon negative electrode material.
With P 2 O 5 The composite nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon cathode material is used as a cathode, and P2-Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 NaClO as anode with electrolyte of 1.0M 4 A solution dissolved in ethyl carbonate/propylene carbonate (EC: PC = 1) was used as an electrolyte, and a full cell was assembled. The electrode mass ratio of the positive electrode to the negative electrode in the full cell is 2:1, and in the positive electrode and the negative electrode, active material (P2-Na) is added 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 Nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon material): super P: the mass ratio of PVDF is 8. The assembled full battery is cycled for 200 circles under the voltage of 2-4.2V and the multiplying power of 10C, and the reversible capacity calculated by the mass of the anode material is 50.2mA h g -1 。
Example 2
Washing 50g of reed with water, drying, crushing, sieving, crushing the reed to 100 meshes, adding 100ml of 85% concentrated phosphoric acid, carrying out acid leaching for 10 hours, adding 20g of rubber H pore forming agent, and heating in a heater at 100 ℃ until a pyrolysis reaction occurs. Introducing nitrogen into the reactor, adjusting the ratio of air to nitrogen to 1:1 until pyrolysis is completed, grinding and screening the pyrolysis to obtain P 2 O 5 A composite nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon negative electrode material.
With P 2 O 5 The composite nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon negative electrode material is used as a negative electrode, and P2-Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 NaClO as anode with electrolyte of 1.0M 4 A solution dissolved in ethyl carbonate/propylene carbonate (EC: PC = 1) was used as an electrolyte, and a full cell was assembled. The electrode mass ratio of the positive electrode to the negative electrode in the full cell is 2:1, and the active material (P2-Na) is contained in the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 Nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon material): super P: the mass ratio of PVDF is 8. The assembled full battery is cycled for 200 circles under the voltage of 2-4.2V and the multiplying power of 10C, and the reversible capacity calculated by the mass of the anode material is 63.5mA h g -1 。
Example 3
Washing 50g of reed with water, drying, crushing, sieving, crushing the reed to 200 meshes, adding 100ml of 85% concentrated phosphoric acid, carrying out acid leaching for 10 hours, adding 20g of rubber H pore forming agent, and heating in a heater at 100 ℃ until a pyrolysis reaction occurs. Introducing nitrogen into the reactor, adjusting the ratio of air to nitrogen to 1:1 until pyrolysis is completed, grinding and screening the pyrolysis to obtain P 2 O 5 A composite nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon anode material.
With P 2 O 5 The composite nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon negative electrode material is used as a negative electrode, and P2-Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 NaClO as anode with electrolyte of 1.0M 4 Dissolved in ethyl carbonate/carbonic acidA solution of propylene ester (EC: PC = 1). The electrode mass ratio of the positive electrode to the negative electrode in the full cell is 2:1, and the active material (P2-Na) is contained in the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 Nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon material): super P: the mass ratio of PVDF is 8. The assembled full battery is cycled for 200 circles under the voltage of 2-4.2V and the multiplying power of 10C, and the reversible capacity calculated by the mass of the anode material is 70.6mA h g -1 。
Example 4
The hard carbon anode material prepared was identical to that of example 3, but in the assembly of the full cell, na was used 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 Is the anode. The assembled full battery is cycled for 200 circles under the voltage of 2-4.2V and the multiplying power of 10C, and the reversible capacity calculated by the mass of the cathode material is 72.5mA h g -1 。
A summary of a comparison of the properties of the above examples and comparative examples is as follows:
in summary, P when the reed is crushed to 150 mesh and the phosphoric acid concentration is 85% is analyzed 2 O 5 The performance of the composite nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon negative electrode material is best.
The above description is only a basic description of the concept of the present invention, and any equivalent changes made according to the technical solution of the present invention should fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The reed-derived hard sodium carbonate cathode material is characterized in that the hard carbon material is prepared by taking reed as a raw material, and the hard carbon material is P 2 O 5 A composite nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon material comprising C, N, O, P element.
2. A method for preparing a reed-derived hard sodium carbon cathode material as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Washing the reed with pure water, and then placing the reed in an air-blast drying oven for drying treatment;
the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the drying time is 10-20h;
(2) Crushing and sieving the dried reed;
(3) Carrying out concentrated phosphoric acid leaching on crushed reed, then adding a rubber H pore-forming agent, carrying out pyrolysis on the reed by heating, and controlling the pyrolysis state and the pyrolysis time by adjusting the atmosphere in a reactor;
(4) After the pyrolysis is finished, the final product P is obtained after the crushing and the sieving treatment 2 O 5 A composite nitrogen-doped porous hard carbon negative electrode material.
3. The method for preparing a reed-derived hard carbon sodium electrical anode material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the reed in step (1) comprises one or more of dune reed, marsh reed, transition reed and salinized meadow reed.
4. The method for preparing the reed-derived hard sodium carbonate cathode material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mesh number of the screen in the step (2) is 100-200 meshes.
5. The method for preparing the reed-derived hard sodium carbonate cathode material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the concentration of the concentrated phosphoric acid in the step (3) is 80-90%.
6. The preparation method of the reed-derived hard sodium carbonate cathode material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the acid leaching time in the step (3) is 5-20h, and the acid leaching temperature is 40-80 ℃.
7. The method for preparing a reed-derived hard sodium carbonate cathode material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the reed: phosphoric acid: the mass ratio of the rubber H pore former is 1: (3-10): (0.1-0.5).
8. The preparation method of the reed-derived hard carbon sodium electricity negative electrode material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heating temperature after the addition of the pore-forming agent in the step (3) is 80-120 ℃, the initial atmosphere in the reactor is air, one of nitrogen or argon is introduced after pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis time is 0.5-3h.
9. A sodium ion energy storage battery comprising the reed-derived hard carbon sodium electrical negative electrode material of claim 1.
10. The sodium-ion energy storage battery according to claim 9, wherein the types of the energy storage battery comprise button cells, full cells, soft package cells and self-assembly cells.
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