CN115524537A - Method for measuring insertion loss of antenna housing sample - Google Patents
Method for measuring insertion loss of antenna housing sample Download PDFInfo
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- CN115524537A CN115524537A CN202211245152.9A CN202211245152A CN115524537A CN 115524537 A CN115524537 A CN 115524537A CN 202211245152 A CN202211245152 A CN 202211245152A CN 115524537 A CN115524537 A CN 115524537A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring insertion loss of a radome sample. The method comprises the steps of firstly, calculating a Y factor of the ratio of normal-temperature load placed on a standard gain bell mouth and normalized noise power output by a system when the standard gain bell mouth points to the top direction of a clear sky, namely a calibration Y factor; then, calculating a Y factor of the ratio of the normalized noise power output by the system when the normal-temperature load is placed on the standard gain horn mouth and the antenna housing sample is placed and points to the top direction of a clear sky, namely the Y factor to be detected; and finally, calculating the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample according to the measured calibration Y factor and the Y factor to be measured. The method is simple and feasible, and has popularization and application values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of measurement of electrical performance of antenna housing samples, and can be used for measuring insertion loss of the antenna housing samples.
Background
A radome is a covering or structure placed over an antenna to protect the antenna from its physical environment. The electromagnetic wave shielding material has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in electrical property, and can withstand the action of external severe environment in mechanical property. The antenna housing sample is a flat plate with a single-layer medium structure or a sandwich structure, which is manufactured by adopting the same material and a certain forming process under the same production condition as the actual antenna housing. The electric performance through the antenna house sample is measured and is mainly whether accords with theoretical design in order to verify the antenna house section structure according to material parameter design, also can provide the basis for high performance antenna house design through the measurement of different characteristic material samples. It is therefore very important to measure the insertion loss of the radome sample.
The traditional measurement method for the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample comprises the following steps: free space power ratio methods and waveguide transmission methods. The free space power ratio method is that the insertion loss of an antenna housing sample is determined by measuring the magnitude of the system receiving power when the antenna housing sample exists or not between a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna; the waveguide transmission method is to determine the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample by measuring the system transmission signal power when the antenna housing sample to be measured exists or not in the waveguide bracket. The traditional method for measuring the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample has the following limitations:
1. in the traditional free space power ratio method, a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna are required to meet the far field test distance condition, and the size requirement of an antenna housing sample is large; in addition, the measurement precision of the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample is influenced by the ground reflection and the multiple reflection of the environment;
2. the traditional free space power ratio method is not suitable for measuring the antenna housing sample with small insertion loss;
3. in the traditional waveguide transmission method, the antenna housing sample is required to be accurately processed according to the size of the inner section of the waveguide, so that the antenna housing sample is complex to process; in addition, different frequency bands require different waveguide measurement systems, so that a system for measuring a broadband radome sample by a waveguide transmission method is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the insertion loss of an antenna housing sample, which avoids the defects in the background technology. According to the method, the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample can be calculated only by measuring the Y factor without knowing the normal-temperature load noise temperature and the low-noise amplifier noise temperature, the measuring method is simple and convenient, and the measuring precision is high.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for measuring the insertion loss of a radome sample comprises the following steps:
(1) Measuring a calibration Y factor: applying standard gain to the hornThe horn points to the top of clear sky, the standard gain horn mouth is set with normal temperature load, the system receives blackbody radiation noise of normal temperature load, the spectrum analyzer measures the normalized noise power output by the system, N is used load Expressed in dBm/Hz; then removing normal temperature load of standard gain bell mouth, pointing the standard gain bell mouth to the top direction of clear sky, receiving sky noise, measuring normalized noise power output by the system with a spectrum analyzer, and using N sky Expressed in dBm/Hz; the scaling Y factor is calculated by:
in the formula:
Y D -scaling the Y factor;
N load the normalized noise power output by the system when the standard gain horn mouth is loaded at normal temperature, dBm/Hz;
N sky the normalized noise power output by the system is dBm/Hz when the standard gain horn points to the top direction of a clear sky and the horn mouth has no antenna housing sample;
(2) Measuring a Y factor to be measured: the standard gain horn points to the top direction of the clear sky, the antenna housing sample is arranged at the mouth of the standard gain horn, the normalized noise power output by the system is measured by a spectrum analyzer, and N is used sky-sample Expressed in dBm/Hz; the Y factor to be measured is calculated by:
in the formula:
Y X -the Y factor to be measured;
N sky-sample -normalized noise power, dBm/Hz, output by the system when the standard gain horn points in the direction of the top of a clear sky and the horn mouth has a radome sample;
(3) And (3) calculating the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample: and calculating the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample expressed in decibels by using the measurement calibration Y factor and the Y factor to be measured according to the following formula:
and completing the measurement of the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample.
Further, the specific mode of the step (1) is as follows:
establishing a test system, pointing a standard gain horn to the top direction of a clear sky, placing a normal-temperature load at a standard gain horn mouth, receiving black body radiation noise of the normal-temperature load by the system, setting state parameters of a spectrum analyzer, setting the radio frequency attenuation of the spectrum analyzer to be 0dB in noise power measurement, measuring the normalized noise power output by the system by using the noise measurement function of the spectrum analyzer, and measuring the normalized noise power output by the system by using N load Representing;
then, removing normal temperature load of standard gain horn mouth, pointing the standard gain horn to the top direction of clear sky, receiving sky noise, measuring normalized noise power output by the system with a spectrum analyzer, and using N sky Representing;
the magnitude of the scaling Y factor is calculated from the measured normalized noise power.
Further, the specific mode of the step (2) is as follows:
after the measurement in the step (1) is finished, a standard gain horn points to the top direction of a clear sky, an antenna housing sample is arranged at the mouth of the standard gain horn, sky noise is received, the measurement state parameters of the spectrum analyzer are kept unchanged, the power is measured by utilizing the noise of the spectrum analyzer, the measurement system outputs the normalized noise power, and N is used sky-sample Representing;
the normalized noise power N of the normal temperature load arranged at the bell mouth is measured by the step (1) load And the normalized noise power N measured in step (2) sky-sample And calculating the size of the Y factor to be detected.
Further, the normal-temperature load is made of microwave absorbing materials, and the size of the normal-temperature load is larger than the size of the mouth surface of the standard gain horn.
Further, the size of the antenna housing sample is larger than the size of the mouth face of the standard gain horn.
Further, the measurement of the normalized noise power output by the system is performed under clear weather conditions.
Compared with the background art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. when the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample is measured, the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample can be calculated only by measuring a Y factor without knowing the normal-temperature load noise temperature and the low-noise amplifier noise temperature, so that the measuring method is simple and convenient, and the measuring precision is high;
2. common errors of the normalized noise power measurement can be eliminated by the Y factor measurement technology;
3. the method for measuring the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample can eliminate the influence of multiple reflections in the traditional method;
4. the method is suitable for measuring the insertion loss of any antenna housing sample, and has good popularization and application values.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the measurement principle of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A method for measuring the insertion loss of a radome sample comprises the steps of firstly pointing a standard gain horn to the top direction of a clear sky, placing a normal-temperature load at a mouth of the standard gain horn, and measuring the normalized noise power output by a system by a spectrum analyzer; then removing the normal temperature load of the standard gain bell mouth, pointing the standard gain bell mouth to the top direction of a clear sky, measuring the normalized noise power output by the system by using a spectrum analyzer, and calculating a Y factor of the ratio of the normal temperature load placed on the standard gain bell mouth and the normalized noise power output by the system when pointing to the top direction of the clear sky, wherein the Y factor is called a scaling Y factor; then, placing a to-be-detected radome sample on the standard gain flare opening, measuring the normalized noise power output by the system by using a spectrum analyzer, and calculating a Y factor of the ratio of the normal temperature load placed on the standard gain flare opening and the normalized noise power output by the system when the radome sample is placed and points to the top direction of a clear sky, wherein the Y factor is called the to-be-detected Y factor; and finally, calculating the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample according to the measured calibration Y factor and the Y factor to be measured.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The scaled Y factor is measured. Pointing the standard gain horn to the top direction of a clear sky, placing a normal-temperature load at the mouth of the standard gain horn, receiving black body radiation noise of the normal-temperature load by the system, measuring the normalized noise power output by the system by a spectrum analyzer, and using N load Expressed in dBm/Hz; then removing normal temperature load of standard gain bell mouth, pointing the standard gain bell mouth to the top direction of clear sky, receiving sky noise, measuring normalized noise power output by the system with a spectrum analyzer, and using N sky Expressed in dBm/Hz. The scaling Y factor is calculated using the following equation:
in the formula:
Y D -scaling the Y factor;
N load the normalized noise power output by the system when the standard gain horn mouth is loaded at normal temperature, dBm/Hz;
N sky and the normalized noise power output by the system is dBm/Hz when the standard gain horn points to the top direction of a clear sky and the horn mouth has no antenna housing sample.
(2) And measuring the Y factor to be measured. The standard gain horn points to the top direction of the clear sky, the antenna housing sample is arranged at the mouth of the standard gain horn, the normalized noise power output by the system is measured by a spectrum analyzer, and N is used sky-sample Expressed in dBm/Hz. The Y factor to be measured is calculated using the formula:
in the formula:
Y X -the Y factor to be measured;
N sky-sample -standard gain horn pointing clearAnd in the direction of the sky dome, the normalized noise power output by the system is dBm/Hz when the antenna cover sample exists at the horn mouth.
(3) And calculating the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample. And calculating the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample expressed in decibels by using the measurement calibration Y factor and the Y factor to be measured according to the following formula:
the method for measuring the calibration Y factor in the step (1) comprises the following steps: establishing a test system, pointing a standard gain horn to the top direction of a clear sky, placing a normal temperature load at a standard gain horn mouth, receiving black body radiation noise of the normal temperature load by the system, reasonably setting state parameters of a spectrum analyzer, if in noise power measurement, setting the radio frequency attenuation of the spectrum analyzer to be 0dB, measuring the normalized noise power output by the system by using the noise measurement function of the spectrum analyzer, and using N load Represents; then removing normal temperature load of standard gain horn mouth, pointing the standard gain horn to the top direction of clear sky, receiving sky noise, measuring normalized noise power output by system with spectrum analyzer, and using N sky And (4) showing. The magnitude of the scaling Y factor is calculated from the measured normalized noise power.
The method for measuring the Y factor to be measured in the step (2) comprises the following steps: after the measurement in the step (1) is finished, a standard gain horn points to the top direction of a clear sky, an antenna housing sample is arranged at the mouth of the standard gain horn, sky noise is received, the measurement state parameters of the spectrum analyzer are kept unchanged, the power is measured by utilizing the noise of the spectrum analyzer, the normalized noise power output by the measurement system is measured, and N is used sky-sample And (4) showing. The normalized noise power N of the normal temperature load arranged at the bell mouth is measured by the step (1) load And the normalized noise power N measured in step (2) sky-sample And calculating the size of the Y factor to be detected.
The normal-temperature load is usually made of microwave absorbing materials, and the size of the normal-temperature load is larger than that of the standard gain bell mouth surface.
In the method, the size of the antenna housing sample to be measured is larger than the mouth face size of the standard gain horn. Furthermore, the measurement of the normalized noise power should be performed under sunny conditions.
The following is a more specific example:
referring to fig. 1, the test system consists of a radome sample, a standard gain horn, a normal temperature load, a low noise amplifier, a radio frequency test cable and a spectrum analyzer. The low noise amplifier used for measurement should have high gain, low noise and good stability.
In the specific embodiment, the size of the antenna housing sample to be measured is 50cm multiplied by 50cm, and the working frequency range is 3.4 GHz-4.2 GHz. The test frequency was 4GHz. The method for measuring the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample comprises the following steps:
step 1: the scaled Y factor is measured. Pointing the standard gain horn to the top direction of a clear sky, placing a normal-temperature load at the mouth of the standard gain horn, receiving black body radiation noise of the normal-temperature load by the system, measuring the normalized noise power output by the system by a spectrum analyzer, and using N load Expressed in dBm/Hz; then removing normal temperature load of standard gain horn mouth, pointing the standard gain horn mouth to the top direction of clear sky, receiving sky noise, measuring normalized noise power output by system with spectrum analyzer, and using N sky Expressed in dBm/Hz. The scaling Y factor is calculated using the following equation:
in the embodiment, a standard gain horn points to the top direction of a clear sky, a normal-temperature load is arranged at the mouth of the standard gain horn, the system receives black body radiation noise of the normal-temperature load, and a spectrum analyzer is used for measuring normalized noise power N output by the system load Is-115.2 dBm/Hz; then removing normal temperature load of standard gain bell mouth, pointing the standard gain bell mouth to the top direction of clear sky, receiving sky noise, and measuring normalized noise power N output by the system by using a spectrum analyzer sky Was-120.8 dBm/Hz. The scaling Y factor is:
Y D ＝10 (-115.2+120.8)/10 ＝3.631
step 2: and measuring the Y factor to be measured. The standard gain horn points to the top direction of the clear sky, the antenna housing sample is arranged at the standard gain horn mouth, the normalized noise power output by the system is measured by a spectrum analyzer, and N is used sky-sample Expressed in dBm/Hz. The Y factor to be measured is calculated using the formula:
in the embodiment, a standard gain horn points to the top direction of a clear sky, an antenna housing sample is arranged at the mouth of the standard gain horn, and a spectrum analyzer is used for measuring the normalized noise power N output by the system sky-sample Was-120.4 dBm/Hz. The Y factors to be measured are:
Y X ＝10 (-115.2+120.4)/10 ＝3.311
and 3, step 3: and calculating the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample. And calculating the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample expressed in decibels by using the following formula according to the measurement calibration Y factor and the Y factor to be measured.
The insertion loss of the radome sample among the examples is:
in a word, the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample can be calculated only by measuring the Y factor without knowing the normal-temperature load noise temperature and the low-noise amplifier noise temperature, so that the measuring method is simple and convenient, has high measuring precision and has popularization and application values.
Claims (6)
1. A method for measuring insertion loss of a radome sample is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Measurement of the scaled Y factor:pointing the standard gain horn to the top direction of a clear sky, placing a normal-temperature load at the mouth of the standard gain horn, receiving black body radiation noise of the normal-temperature load by the system, measuring the normalized noise power output by the system by a spectrum analyzer, and using N load Expressed in dBm/Hz; then removing normal temperature load of standard gain horn mouth, pointing the standard gain horn mouth to the top direction of clear sky, receiving sky noise, measuring normalized noise power output by system with spectrum analyzer, and using N sky Expressed in dBm/Hz; the scaling Y factor is calculated by:
in the formula:
Y D -scaling the Y factor;
N load normalized noise power output by the system when the standard gain horn mouth is loaded at normal temperature, dBm/Hz;
N sky the normalized noise power output by the system is dBm/Hz when the standard gain horn points to the top direction of a clear sky and the horn mouth has no antenna housing sample;
(2) Measuring a Y factor to be measured: the standard gain horn points to the top direction of the clear sky, the antenna housing sample is arranged at the standard gain horn mouth, the normalized noise power output by the system is measured by a spectrum analyzer, and N is used sky-sample Expressed in dBm/Hz; the Y factor to be measured is calculated by:
in the formula:
Y X -the Y factor to be measured;
N sky-sample -normalized noise power, dBm/Hz, output by the system when the standard gain horn points in the direction of the top of a clear sky and the horn mouth has a radome sample;
(3) And (3) calculating the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample: and calculating the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample expressed in decibels by using the measurement calibration Y factor and the Y factor to be measured according to the following formula:
and completing the measurement of the insertion loss of the antenna housing sample.
2. The method for measuring the insertion loss of the radome sample according to claim 1, wherein the specific manner of the step (1) is as follows:
establishing a test system, pointing a standard gain horn to the top direction of a clear sky, placing a normal-temperature load at a standard gain horn mouth, receiving black body radiation noise of the normal-temperature load by the system, setting state parameters of a spectrum analyzer, setting the radio frequency attenuation of the spectrum analyzer to be 0dB in noise power measurement, measuring the normalized noise power output by the system by using the noise measurement function of the spectrum analyzer, and measuring the normalized noise power output by the system by using N load Represents;
then, removing normal temperature load of standard gain horn mouth, pointing the standard gain horn to the top direction of clear sky, receiving sky noise, measuring normalized noise power output by system with spectrum analyzer, and using N sky Representing;
the magnitude of the scaling Y factor is calculated from the measured normalized noise power.
3. The method for measuring the insertion loss of the radome sample according to claim 2, wherein the step (2) is implemented by:
after the measurement in the step (1) is finished, a standard gain horn points to the top direction of a clear sky, an antenna housing sample is arranged at the mouth of the standard gain horn, the sky noise is received, the measurement state parameters of the spectrum analyzer are kept unchanged, the power is measured by utilizing the noise of the spectrum analyzer, the measurement system outputs the normalized noise power, and N is used for measuring the power sky-sample Represents;
the normalized noise power N of the normal temperature load arranged at the bell mouth is measured by the step (1) load And the normalized noise power N measured in step (2) sky-sample And calculating the size of the Y factor to be detected.
4. The method for measuring the insertion loss of the radome sample according to claim 3, wherein the normal temperature load is made of microwave absorbing materials, and the size of the normal temperature load is larger than the size of the mouth surface of a standard gain horn.
5. A method for measuring insertion loss of a radome sample according to claim 3 wherein the radome sample size is larger than the mouth face size of a standard gain horn.
6. A method for measuring the insertion loss of a radome sample according to claim 3, wherein the measurement of the normalized noise power of the system output is performed under sunny conditions.
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