CN115518051B - Chinese angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Chinese angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule and preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115518051B CN115518051B CN202110713309.5A CN202110713309A CN115518051B CN 115518051 B CN115518051 B CN 115518051B CN 202110713309 A CN202110713309 A CN 202110713309A CN 115518051 B CN115518051 B CN 115518051B
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- volatile oil
- angelica
- cassia twig
- microcapsule
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
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- 229940080313 sodium starch Drugs 0.000 claims description 45
- GUOCOOQWZHQBJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-oct-7-enoxy-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(=O)OCCCCCCC=C GUOCOOQWZHQBJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 244000037364 Cinnamomum aromaticum Species 0.000 claims description 43
- 235000014489 Cinnamomum aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 43
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- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XDLYMKFUPYZCMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-oct-1-enoxy-4-oxobutanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCC=COC(=O)CCC([O-])=O XDLYMKFUPYZCMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013826 starch sodium octenyl succinate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/5036—Polysaccharides, e.g. gums, alginate; Cyclodextrin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/23—Apiaceae or Umbelliferae (Carrot family), e.g. dill, chervil, coriander or cumin
- A61K36/232—Angelica
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/54—Lauraceae (Laurel family), e.g. cinnamon or sassafras
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
Abstract
The invention provides an angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule, and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the invention, through creative experimental investigation on different core materials and capsule material ratios, capsule material types and the like, the capsule material for high-efficiency embedding of the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil and the raw material consumption are obtained, the drug loading rate (cinnamaldehyde content) of the obtained angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule is up to 16.29%, the encapsulation rate is up to 96.65%, and the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule can be rapidly dissolved in a dissolution medium and has good release property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microcapsule preparation. More particularly relates to an angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Ramulus Cinnamomi is dry twig of cortex Cinnamomi, is a Chinese medicinal material with wide application, and is mainly cultivated in Guangxi, guangdong, yunnan and Fujian etc. places in China, and is a common medicine and food with heat development, and the main components include cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, cinnamyl alcohol, coumarin, protocatechuic acid, etc. The research shows that cassia twig is generally used for treating diseases such as tumor, rheumatoid arthritis, dysmenorrhea, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, cardiovascular diseases, spasm and the like in clinic. The angelica is dry root tuber of Angelica sinensis Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels of Umbelliferae, has effects of promoting blood circulation, replenishing blood, invigorating qi, regulating menstruation, etc., contains volatile oil up to 0.42%, wherein the oil contains ligustilide about 47%, and n-butenyl phthalide 11.3%.
The volatile oil is an important component of the active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine, has strong volatility, special odor and complex ingredients, has wide application in the medicine fields of antibiosis, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, antivirus, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, respiratory system, central nervous system and the like, and plays an important role in the industries of food, cosmetics, essence, perfume and the like due to the aromatic odor. However, volatile oil is volatile, and is unstable and easy to decompose or oxidize under the conditions of light, humidity, heat and the like, so that the solidification of volatile oil has become a research hot spot in recent years. Modern pharmacological experiments prove that the classic named Chinese angelica four-reverse decoction has the function of treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and the Chinese angelica and cassia twig are used as monarch drugs, and the volatile oil of the main active components is easy to volatilize and lose in the preparation, so that the effectiveness of the decoction is reduced. In addition, the volatile oil of Chinese angelica and cassia twig contains various spicy compounds, has characteristic aromatic smell of Chinese angelica and cassia twig, is easy to cause adverse reactions such as nausea and heartburn and the like when taken as a medicament directly, leads to poor compliance of patients, is easy to volatilize in the preparation, has great influence on the medicament effect, and is commonly prepared into inclusion compound or microcapsule for reducing the loss of volatile oil components in the preparation production and storage process, increasing the stability of the preparation, and ensuring the curative effect of the preparation.
At present, beta-cyclodextrin inclusion is mostly adopted for inclusion treatment of angelica volatile oil, such as [ Wang Wenping, ni Jian, yang Chunjing, zhang Xin, wang Qingling, dong Xiaoxu, frigid new, yin Xing, feng Cuiling ], pummelo peel, fructus forsythiae and angelica mixed volatile oil extraction and inclusion process research [ J ]. World traditional Chinese medicine, 2017,10 (12): 1456-1459 ], but the solubility of beta-cyclodextrin in water is lower, 1.85% at room temperature, after the clathrate is prepared, the dissolution rate of volatile oil in vivo is slow, so that the volatile oil is slow or incompletely absorbed in vivo, a large amount of cyclodextrin materials are needed in the preparation process of the clathrate, generally 6-10 times of the medicine amount, otherwise, the inclusion rate of the medicine is lower, the medicine carrying is low due to the use of a large amount of carriers, and the clinical application of the clathrate is severely limited.
Microcapsules refer to microcapsules formed by coating a gas, liquid or solid drug with a natural or synthetic polymeric material. The microencapsulated medicine has the following characteristics: easy to preserve, long in shelf life, and the shelf life can reach 36 months; the nutrition is not lost, the reaction of active substances to external environment factors (such as light, oxygen and water) is reduced, and the loss of effective nutrition components is ensured; the release of the core material and the capsule material is controlled, and useful components can be slowly absorbed, so that the utilization rate of nutrition is improved; effectively improves the taste, masks and adjusts the peculiar smell of different nutrient substances, dissolves in the digestive tract, releases the content and plays a role in nutrition; isolating active ingredients, and maintaining the activity of various microelements, nutrients and active substances on human body. The capsule wall material of the microcapsule generally comprises the following three types: natural high molecular material: gelatin (A, B type), acacia, alginate, chitosan, proteins; semi-synthetic polymer capsule wall material: CMC-Na, CAP, EC, MC, HPMC; synthesizing a high polymer capsule wall material: polyamides, silicone rubber, etc., polyacrylic resins, polyvinyl alcohols, polycarbophils, polyamino acids, polylactic acid (PLA), lactic-co-glycolic acid (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), etc.
The sodium starch octenyl succinate serving as a microcapsule wall material has good advantages, and a scheme of jointly using sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin serving as wall materials is reported more at present, and as patent CN106580919B provides a preparation method of ganoderma lucidum spore oil microcapsule powder, the sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin serving as wall materials are used for embedding microencapsulation of ganoderma lucidum spore oil, but at present, the microencapsulation embedded volatile oil is mainly aimed at embedding of single volatile oil, and embedding of mixed volatile oil of Chinese angelica and cassia twig in a classical prescription is difficult to realize. Because the capsule wall material and the core material of the microcapsule technology must be perfectly matched, otherwise, the embedding effect can be influenced, and the exertion of the effect of the effective components of the microcapsule can be influenced, so that the selectivity of the microencapsulation scheme of different volatile oils is higher; because of the obvious difference of the components and properties of the ganoderma lucidum spore oil, the angelica and cassia twig mixed volatile oil, the embedding microencapsulation scheme of the ganoderma lucidum spore oil is not suitable for microencapsulation of the angelica and cassia twig mixed volatile oil. In addition, for microencapsulation of the mixed volatile oil, the capsule material and the core material cannot be mixed or react to influence the pharmacological effect of the mixed volatile oil, so that when the mixed volatile oil is embedded to prepare the microcapsule, the microcapsule of the mixed volatile oil cannot be directly referred to by referring to a single volatile oil microencapsulation scheme because the microcapsule of the mixed volatile oil is influenced by the property difference of the single volatile oil and the capsule material and the reaction between the volatile oils and the capsule material and the mixed volatile oil to influence the exertion of the pharmacological effect of the mixed volatile oil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art and providing a Chinese angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule, and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the invention, sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin are selected as composite capsule materials to embed angelica volatile oil and cassia twig volatile oil, and under a specific microencapsulation process, the drug loading rate (cinnamaldehyde content) of the obtained angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule reaches 16.29%, the encapsulation rate is up to 96.65%, and the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule can be rapidly dissolved in a dissolution medium and has good release property.
The primary purpose of the invention is to provide the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the angelica sinensis-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule in serving as or preparing the angelica and cassia twig volatile oil slow-release medicament.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule, which comprises a core material and a capsule wall material, wherein the core material comprises mixed volatile oil of angelica and cassia twig, and the capsule wall material comprises sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the sodium starch octenyl succinate to the maltodextrin is 1-4: 1, see example 3.
Further preferably, the mass ratio of the sodium starch octenyl succinate to the maltodextrin is 2-4: 1, see example 3.
Further preferably, the mass ratio of the sodium starch octenyl succinate to the maltodextrin is 2.5-3.5: 1, see example 3.
Most preferably, the mass ratio of the sodium starch octenyl succinate to the maltodextrin is 3:1, see example 2.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the core material to the capsule material is 1:2 to 3, see example 3.
Most preferably, the mass ratio of the core material to the capsule material is 1:2, see example 2.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the angelica volatile oil to the cassia twig volatile oil in the mixed volatile oil is 1:1, see example 2.
According to the invention, the mixed volatile oil of Chinese angelica and cassia twig in a classical prescription is used as a core material for embedding and microencapsulating, and as the capsule wall material and the core material cannot be mixed or react and the pharmacological action and content measurement cannot be influenced by compatibility with medicines, when the two mixed volatile oils are to be microencapsulated, not only the property relation between single volatile oil and the capsule wall material is considered, but also whether the pharmacological action of the volatile oils is influenced or not between the volatile oils and between the capsule wall material and the volatile oil is considered. Therefore, compared with the traditional microencapsulation of single volatile oil, the microencapsulated angelica sinensis and cassia twig mixed volatile oil provided by the invention has the advantage that more difficulties are overcome in a targeted manner compared with the embedding of single volatile oil. Based on the above, the inventive experimental study shows that the embedding effect of the composite capsule wall material of sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin for the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil is optimal.
In addition, the optimal formulation of the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule depends on a plurality of factors including the proportion of core materials to capsule materials, the proportion of sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin in the capsule materials and the like, and each parameter does not act on the performance of the microcapsule in isolation, but interacts and influences multiple factors.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the microcapsule, which comprises the following steps:
s1, adding water into sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin, and stirring for dissolution to obtain a capsule wall material solution;
s2, adding the mixed volatile oil of the Chinese angelica and the cassia twig into the capsule wall material solution, shearing and homogenizing to obtain emulsion;
s3, spray drying the emulsion to obtain the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule.
According to the invention, a specific spray drying method is adopted for preparing the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule, compared with other drying modes such as freeze drying, the obtained microcapsule is smoother, and the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil can be better embedded in the capsule wall material.
Preferably, the stirring dissolution described in step S1 is stirring dissolution at 60 ℃, see example 2.
Preferably, the capsule material solution is reduced to 45 ℃ prior to step S2, see example 2.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin in the capsule material solution in the step S1 is 12-17%, see example 6.
Most preferably, the mass concentration of sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin in the capsule material solution in step S1 is 15%, see example 2.
Preferably, the shearing rate in the step S2 is 8000-10000 rpm, and the shearing time is 5-7 min; the homogenization was carried out at 270 to 350bar, see examples 2 to 7.
Most preferably, the shear rate in step S2 is 10000rpm and the shear time is 5min; the homogenization was at 300bar, see example 2.
Preferably, the spray drying conditions in step S3 are: the air inlet temperature is 185+/-2 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 85-90 ℃, the air speed is 17-20 mL/min, the firing pin interval time is 4.0 seconds, the material flow is 200mL/h, and the fan frequency is 50Hz, see examples 2-7.
Most preferably, the spray drying conditions of step S3 are: the air inlet temperature was 185 ℃, the air outlet temperature was 85 ℃, the air speed was 17mL/min, the firing pin interval time was 4.0 seconds, the material flow was 200mL/h, and the fan frequency was 50Hz, see example 2.
The invention aims at the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil in the classic-prescription angelica four-inverse decoction, prepares the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil into microcapsules, can be mixed with fluid extract prepared from other medicinal materials, and then adds a proper amount of auxiliary materials to prepare a preparation, thereby achieving the aim of improving the stability of the angelica-cassia twig volatile oil in the preparation. Therefore, the application of the microcapsule in preparing or taking angelica and cassia twig volatile oil medicinal preparations is also within the protection scope of the invention.
As a preferred implementation method, the preparation method of the mixed volatile oil of angelica and cassia twig in the invention can be as follows:
weighing and mixing Chinese angelica and cassia twig powder which are sieved by a 10-50-mesh sieve, adding water to soak for 0.5-3 hours, adding 0.4% sodium chloride solution which is 3-8 times of the total mass of the powder, keeping micro boiling at 100 ℃, and carrying out reflux extraction for 1-5 hours, wherein the adding amount of the sodium chloride solution is 50-80% (V/V) of the total liquid amount.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, aiming at microencapsulation of the angelica volatile oil and the cassia twig volatile oil, sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin are used as composite capsule materials for embedding, and under a specific microencapsulation process, the obtained angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule drug loading (cinnamaldehyde content) reaches 16.29%, the encapsulation rate is up to 96.65%, and the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule can be rapidly dissolved in a dissolution medium, has good release property, can be used for preparing stable preparations containing the angelica-cassia twig volatile oil, and expands the application range of the classical name Chinese angelica four-back soup.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a GC-MS diagram of a mixed volatile oil of angelica and cassia twig, 1, cinnamaldehyde, (E) -;2,1 (3H) -Isobenzofuranone, 3-butyalidene; 3, trans-ligustilide;4,dibutyl phthalate;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing particle size distribution of an emulsion of the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil;
FIG. 3 is an optical microscope image of an angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil emulsion;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule;
FIG. 5 shows the morphology of an angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule optical microscope;
FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph of an angelica-cinnamon twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule of example 2, (C) spray drying 5000X; (D) spray drying 20, 000×;
FIG. 7 is a Fourier infrared spectrum of SSOS (A), angelica-cinnamon twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule (B) prepared in example 2, mixed volatile oil (C) of angelica and cinnamon twig prepared in example 1, MD (D);
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the dissolution rate of the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule;
FIG. 9 is a scanning electron micrograph of a micro-capsule of the angelica-cinnamon twig mixed volatile oil of comparative example 1, (A) freeze-dried 20,000×; (B) lyophilization was 100,000×.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in connection with the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, which are not intended to be limiting in any way. Raw materials reagents used in the examples of the present invention are conventionally purchased raw materials reagents unless otherwise specified.
The partial characterization method applied in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) Particle size distribution test
The particle size distribution of the microcapsules was measured by laser diffraction measurement using a laser particle size analyzer. The microcapsule powder prepared by spray drying in an appropriate amount was dispersed in absolute ethanol, and the dispersion was vibrated by an ultrasonic device for 3 minutes, and then the particle diameter thereof was measured. The emulsion was diluted appropriately and then its particle size was measured.
(2) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis
From 4000 to 400cm using KBr disk method with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer -1 For Maltodextrin (MD), sodium Starch Octenyl Succinate (SSOS), radix Angelicae sinensis volatile oil, ramulus Cinnamomi volatile oil, blank microcapsule, radix Angelicae sinensis and ramulus CinnamomiThe volatile oil microcapsules were analyzed and data recorded.
(3) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis
And (3) fixing a proper amount of powder on an aluminum plate with conductive adhesive, carrying out proper gold plating treatment on the solid powder with 30mA current under vacuum condition, and analyzing the forms of the angelica sinensis and cassia twig volatile oil microcapsules by using a scanning electron microscope.
(4) Determination of the drug-carrying amount of the volatile oil microcapsule (calculated by cinnamaldehyde)
About 0.0250g of spray-dried microcapsule powder was precisely weighed, placed in a 25mL volumetric flask, 4mL of distilled water and a proper amount of absolute ethanol were added, then sonicated for 30 minutes to completely release cinnamaldehyde, and the volume was fixed with absolute ethanol. After filtration, 1mL of the filtrate was taken and placed in a 25mL volumetric flask. The filtrate was taken up in absolute ethanol, filtered through a 0.22 μm microporous membrane and measured by HPLC. And calculating the cinnamaldehyde content. The chromatographic column is DIKMAC18 column (4.6 mm. Times.250 mm,5 mm), mobile phase acetonitrile: water (40:60), flow rate 1.0mL/min, temperature 30 ℃.
The drug loading rate of the volatile oil microcapsule is determined according to the following formula:
(5) Determination of the drug-carrying amount of the volatile oil microcapsule (calculated by the weight of the volatile oil)
About 2.3 grams of spray dried microcapsule powder (precision weighed) was placed into a defatted filter cartridge (weighed), the filter cartridge was placed into a rope extractor tube, and a small amount of water-soluble capsule material was added. And (3) connecting a condenser, adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the extraction bottle, adding zeolite, heating the extraction bottle, continuously extracting for 6 hours, taking out the paper tube, drying, and weighing. The weight reduction is the quality of the volatile oil in the microcapsule.
The drug loading rate of the volatile oil microcapsule is determined according to the following formula:
(6) Determination of encapsulation Rate of volatile oil microcapsules (calculated as cinnamaldehyde)
Precisely weighing 0.0250g of spray-dried microcapsule powder, placing into a centrifuge tube, adding 2mL of petroleum ether, shaking, centrifuging at 2500rpm for 10min, pouring out supernatant, and repeating for 3 times until volatile oil shown in the microcapsule is completely cleaned. Then evaporating the solvent, transferring the microcapsule powder with the surface oil completely washed to a 25mL volumetric flask according to the measurement of the drug loading amount of the microcapsule, adding a small amount of pure water and large volume of absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, taking out the microcapsule powder, fixing the volume by the absolute ethyl alcohol, filtering the microcapsule powder, passing through a 0.22 mu m microporous filter membrane, and measuring the microcapsule powder by an HPLC method. The content of cinnamaldehyde encapsulated in the microcapsules was calculated.
The encapsulation rate of the angelica and cassia twig volatile oil microcapsules is determined according to the following formula:
(7) Determination of encapsulation Rate of volatile oil microcapsules (calculated by weight of volatile oil)
About 2.3 g of microcapsule powder which is spray-dried is taken, put into a centrifuge tube, added with a proper amount of petroleum ether, shaken uniformly, centrifuged at 2500rpm for 10min, the supernatant is poured out, repeated for 3 times until the volatile oil shown by the microcapsule is completely washed, the microcapsule powder is dried and precisely weighed, then put into a degreasing filter paper tube (weighed), the filter paper tube is put into a tube of a rope extractor, and a small amount of water-soluble capsule material is added. And (3) connecting a condenser, adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the extraction bottle, adding zeolite, heating the extraction bottle, continuously extracting for 6 hours, taking out the paper tube, drying, and weighing. The weight reduction is the quality of the volatile oil in the microcapsule.
The drug loading rate of the volatile oil microcapsule is determined according to the following formula:
(8) Investigation of in vitro dissolution
In vitro dissolution tests were performed using the paddle method. The dissolution medium was 900mL of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and 900mL of simulated gastric fluid pH 1.2. The stirring speed was set at 50rpm and the medium temperature was maintained at 37.+ -. 0.5 ℃. At various time points (15, 30, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 minutes), 2ml were taken through the filter (0.22 μm) and analyzed using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (model UV-1800) and immediately replaced with fresh identical amounts of sample dissolution medium.
The cumulative release rate (Q) of the volatile oil microcapsules is determined according to the following formula:
where W is the total mass of the microcapsules (g), DL is the drug loading of the microcapsules, cn is the nth sampling time point (mg.mL-1) of the drug concentration sample, ci represents the drug concentration at the ith sampling time point (mg.mL-1), V represents the total amount of dissolution medium (mL), and Vi represents the sampling volume (mL) at the ith sampling time point.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of Mixed volatile oil of Angelica sinensis and ramulus Cinnamomi
1. Preparation method
The mixed volatile oil of Chinese angelica and cassia twig is prepared by adopting a steam distillation method.
Weigh all 1 s passing 10 mesh: mixing 1 (m/m) ratio of radix Angelicae sinensis and ramulus Cinnamomi powder, soaking in water for 0.5 hr, adding 3 times of 0.4% sodium chloride solution, wherein the amount of sodium chloride solution is 50% (V/V) of the total liquid, keeping micro boiling at 100deg.C, and reflux extracting for 5 hr.
2. GC-MS analysis of mixed volatile oils
The chemical components of the volatile oil are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by adopting a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology. 28 compounds were identified in total, the results are shown in Table 1, and the GC-MS total ion flow diagram of the mixed volatile oil is shown in FIG. 1. As can be seen from the results of fig. 1 and table 1, the obtained mixed volatile oil of angelica and cassia twig, cinnamaldehyde 55.745%, trans-artenyl lactone (36.227%) are the main components of the mixed volatile oil.
TABLE 1 chemical composition of mixed volatile oil of Angelica sinensis and ramulus Cinnamomi
EXAMPLE 2 preparation and characterization of Angelica sinensis-ramulus Cinnamomi Mixed volatile oil microcapsule
1. Preparation method
S1, mixing sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin according to a mass ratio of 3:1, mixing, adding distilled water to ensure that the mass concentration of the sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin is 15%, stirring and dissolving under water bath heating at 60 ℃ to obtain a capsule wall material solution, and cooling to 45 ℃;
s2, adding the mixed volatile oil of the Chinese angelica and the cassia twig prepared in the embodiment 1 into the capsule wall material solution, shearing by a high-speed shearing emulsifying machine, setting the rotating speed to 10000rpm, and carrying out high-speed shearing for 5min, and immediately homogenizing under 300bar pressure to ensure that the mixed volatile oil is completely emulsified to obtain an emulsion; wherein, the mass ratio of the core material (the mixed volatile oil of angelica and cassia twig) to the capsule material (the sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin) is 1:2;
s3, spray-drying the emulsion to obtain the angelica sinensis-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule, wherein spray-drying parameters are set as follows: the temperature of the air inlet is 185 ℃, the temperature of the air outlet is 85 ℃, the air speed is 17mL/min, the interval time of firing pins is 4.0 seconds, the material flow is 200mL/h, and the fan frequency is 50Hz.
2. Microcapsule characterization
(1) Morphology and particle size distribution of angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule
The angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule powder prepared in this example has the appearance of typical spray-dried powder and consists of very small particles. The powder is yellow in appearance, has certain adhesiveness and is easy to agglomerate. Because the composite capsule wall material (SSOS/MD) has good water solubility, the microcapsule powder is dispersed in absolute ethyl alcohol to avoid the dissolution of the capsule wall material, and then a laser particle size analyzer is used for particle size measurement. Fig. 2 shows particle size distribution diagrams of the emulsion of the volatile oil of Chinese angelica and cassia twig, and the result of fig. 2 shows that the average particle size of the emulsion is 227.1nm, the dispersity index of the emulsion is 0.265, and the emulsion has better consistency. Fig. 3 shows the appearance of the emulsion of volatile oil of Chinese angelica and cassia twig under an optical microscope, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the emulsion has good emulsifying effect, round and smooth appearance, more capsules and uniform size.
The prepared microcapsule powder is dispersed in EL oil, the appearance and the measured particle size of the microcapsule are observed under an optical microscope, fig. 4 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of the microcapsule of the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil, fig. 5 is a graph showing the appearance of the microcapsule of the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil, and the microcapsule prepared in the embodiment has a round appearance, is smooth and has small size difference, and the average particle size is 12.18 μm and is mainly concentrated in the range of 10.91-13.59 μm as can be seen from the results of fig. 4 and 5.
(2) Scanning electron microscope morphology observation
Fig. 6 is a scanning electron microscope image of the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule prepared in this example, and it can be seen from fig. 6 that only a few of the microcapsules prepared by the spray drying method of the present invention have smooth surfaces, and most of the microcapsules show typical spray-dried powder characteristics, such as wrinkles, depressions, cracks, micropores, etc. The microcapsule powder prepared by spray drying method has rugged surface (C), probably due to the too high temperature in the drying process, rapid evaporation of water, uneven shrinkage of the capsule wall material, but no obvious crack (D) appears, which indicates that the volatile oil can be better embedded in the capsule wall material.
(3) Fourier infrared analysis
FIG. 7 shows the Fourier infrared spectrum of SSOS (A), the microcapsule (B) of the mixed volatile oil of Angelica sinensis and ramulus Cinnamomi prepared in this example, the mixed volatile oil (C) of Angelica sinensis and ramulus Cinnamomi prepared in example 1, MD (D), SSOS (A) is 3410.77cm -1 (O-H stretching vibration), 2927.73cm -1 (C-H stretching vibration), 1724.18cm -1 (-COO-asymmetric tensile vibration) toolThere is a typical absorption band. At 1027.46cm -1 The characteristic absorption band (D) of MD was observed, corresponding to C-O stretching and C-O-H bending. MD has a typical absorbent tape 3613.80cm -1 (O-H stretching vibration) and 1665cm -1 (c=o bending vibration). Respectively at 1450.21cm -1 ，1606.45cm -1 And a characteristic absorption band (C) of volatile oils of Angelica sinensis and ramulus Cinnamomi was observed at 1679.26cm-1, corresponding to C-C stretching in benzene ring and stretching vibration of carbonyl C=O, respectively. In addition to the fact that some peaks of the complex volatile oil may be hidden and not obvious, the above characteristic peak (B) is also observed in the infrared spectrum of the angelica, cassia twig volatile oil microcapsule. Thus, it was confirmed that the mixed volatile oil of angelica and cassia twig has been well encapsulated in the microcapsule.
(4) Dissolution test
Referring to the second method (paddle method) of the dissolution and release measurement of Chinese pharmacopoeia, the dissolution medium is PBS 7.4, the temperature is kept at 37+/-0.5 ℃, the dissolution result is shown in figure 8, and as can be seen from figure 8, the cumulative dissolution rate reaches 81.37% at 15min, the cumulative dissolution rate reaches 89.71% at 30min, and the dissolution rate obviously slows down at 90min, which indicates that the dissolution is basically complete. This is probably because the SSOS/MD composite capsules are all water-soluble materials that dissolve rapidly in the dissolution medium, thus releasing the encapsulated drug rapidly, indicating good release.
Example 3 effects of different sodium starch octenyl succinate to maltodextrin mass ratios on encapsulation efficiency and drug loading
1. Experimental method
The optimal formulation of the microcapsule depends on a plurality of factors, such as the content of the capsule material, the ratio of the core material to the capsule material, the ratio of the starch sodium octenyl succinate to the maltodextrin, the type of the inclusion compound and the like, and the inventor examines the influence of different core materials to the capsule material ratios (1:1-4) on the encapsulation rate and the drug loading rate through experimental researches on different core materials to the capsule material ratios and the sodium octenyl succinate starch sodium/maltodextrin ratio, and the experimental results show that the core materials to the capsule material ratio is 1: the emulsion prepared in the step 1 has a certain amount of oil on the surface, cannot be emulsified completely, and has low encapsulation efficiency of only 30.02%. The ratio of core material to capsule material is 1:4, the prepared emulsion forms a plurality of blank microcapsules, and the drug loading is very low and is only 5.25%.
Therefore, the core material to capsule material ratio is selected as 1:2 and 1:3, and screening the ratio (1-4:1) of the octenyl succinic acid starch sodium to the maltodextrin. Other preparation conditions were the same as in example 2.
2. Effect of core to capsule ratio, sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin ratio on encapsulation efficiency and drug loading (calculated as cinnamaldehyde)
TABLE 2 influence of sodium starch octenyl succinate/maltodextrin and core to capsule wall ratio on encapsulation efficiency and drug loading
As can be seen from the results in table 2, when the core to capsule material ratio is 1: 2. the ratio of sodium starch octenyl succinate to maltodextrin is 3: in the step 1, the drug loading rate calculated by cinnamaldehyde reaches 16.29%, and the encapsulation efficiency is 96.65% at the highest. (the drug loading is 31.79 percent and the encapsulation efficiency is 96.84 percent according to the weight of the volatile oil).
EXAMPLE 4 embedding Single Angelica sinensis volatile oil with sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin
1. Preparation method
(1) Preparation of angelica volatile oil
The angelica volatile oil is prepared by adopting a steam distillation method.
Weighing 10 mesh radix Angelicae sinensis powder, soaking in water for 0.5 hr, adding 3 times of 0.4% sodium chloride solution, wherein the amount of sodium chloride solution is 50% (V/V) of the total liquid, keeping micro boiling at 100deg.C, and reflux extracting for 5 hr.
(2) The preparation method of the microcapsule according to example 2 adopts sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin to embed single angelica volatile oil.
2. Volatile oil embedding effect
The microcapsule of the single angelica volatile oil is embedded according to the method of the embodiment, and the encapsulation efficiency is 91.12% and the drug loading is 13.44% according to the weight of the angelica volatile oil.
The results show that the process for embedding the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil is different from that of the single angelica volatile oil, and the optimal condition suitable for embedding the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil cannot be suitable for embedding the single angelica volatile oil, and also show that different volatile oils need to be perfectly matched with a specific capsule wall material, otherwise the embedding effect is affected.
EXAMPLE 5 embedding a single ramulus Cinnamomi volatile oil with sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin
(1) Preparation of cassia twig volatile oil
Preparing ramulus Cinnamomi volatile oil by steam distillation.
Weighing 10 mesh ramulus Cinnamomi powder, soaking in water for 0.5 hr, adding 3 times of 0.4% sodium chloride solution, wherein the amount of sodium chloride solution is 50% (V/V) of the total liquid, keeping micro boiling at 100deg.C, and reflux extracting for 5 hr.
(2) The microcapsule preparation method of example 2 was followed using sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin to embed single cassia twig volatile oil.
2. Volatile oil embedding effect
The microcapsule embedding the single cassia twig volatile oil according to the method of the embodiment has the encapsulation efficiency of 90.46 percent and the drug loading rate of 12.62 percent calculated by cinnamaldehyde.
The results show that the process for embedding the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil is different from the process for embedding the single cassia twig volatile oil, the optimal condition suitable for embedding the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil cannot be suitable for embedding the single cassia twig volatile oil, and the different volatile oils are required to be perfectly matched with the capsule wall material, otherwise, the embedding effect is affected.
Example 6 screening of sodium starch succinate and maltodextrin Mass concentration
The preparation method of example 2 is as follows, the ratio of core material to capsule material is kept to be 1: 2. the ratio of sodium starch octenyl succinate to maltodextrin is 3:1, the sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin were screened for mass concentrations of 10%, 12%, 15%, 17%, 20% and 25%, respectively.
The results show that: the mass concentration of the sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin is calculated according to cinnamaldehyde, the drug loading rate of 10% is 14.34%, and the encapsulation rate is 50.75%; the mass concentration of the sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin is 12%, the drug loading rate is 15.21%, and the encapsulation rate is 75.45%; the mass concentration of the sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin is 15%, the drug loading rate is 16.29%, and the encapsulation rate is 96.65%; the mass concentration of the sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin is 17%, the drug loading rate is 15.07%, and the encapsulation rate is 80.24%; the mass concentration of the sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin is 20%, the drug loading rate is 12.45%, and the encapsulation rate is 63.38%; when the mass concentration of the sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin is 25%, the drug loading rate is 9.67%, and the encapsulation rate is 52.65%.
EXAMPLE 7 preparation of Angelica sinensis-ramulus Cinnamomi Mixed volatile oil microcapsule
The procedure of example 2 is different in that the shear rate in step S2 is 8000rpm and the shear time is 7min; the homogenization is at 350 bar; step S3, setting spray drying parameters as follows: the temperature of the air inlet is 187 ℃, the temperature of the air outlet is 90 ℃, the air speed is 20mL/min, the interval time of firing pins is 4.0 seconds, the material flow is 200mL/h, and the fan frequency is 50Hz.
The microcapsule prepared by the method has the encapsulation rate of 94.33 percent and the drug loading rate of 15.27 percent according to the calculation of cinnamaldehyde.
Comparative example 1
1. Microcapsule preparation method
The difference from example 2 is that step S3 employs freeze drying, specifically:
after pre-freezing the emulsion in the step S2, freeze-drying the emulsion by a freeze dryer, wherein freeze-drying parameters are set as follows: slowly raise the pre-frozen temperature to-30 ℃ for 16 hours, and slowly raise the pre-frozen temperature to 20 ℃ for 10 hours.
2. Micro-capsule scanning electron microscope observation result
The morphology of the microcapsule prepared in the above (1) was observed by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the result is shown in fig. 9, from which it can be seen that the microcapsule powder prepared by freeze-drying is irregular in shape and hollow in surface (a), which is mainly due to the emulsion system being destroyed by the crystal water during the emulsion pre-cooling process. During the subsequent vacuum freeze-drying process, sublimation of ice crystals causes the powder surface to appear porous (B) of different shapes. The microcapsule prepared by freeze-drying is cake-shaped, and can be obtained into a powdery product after grinding, and the grinding and crushing can also lead to irregular appearance of the microcapsule.
While the ideal microcapsule prepared by the spray drying method of example 2 is smooth and spherical, and the hair oil can be better embedded into the capsule wall material by spray drying, it can be seen that the preparation of the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule of the invention is more suitable for adopting the spray drying method.
Comparative example 2
The procedure of example 2 is repeated, except that sodium starch octenyl succinate is used as the material for the capsule.
The microcapsule prepared in the comparative example has poor emulsifying effect, the encapsulation efficiency is 35.84 percent and the drug loading rate is 10.53 percent calculated by cinnamaldehyde.
Comparative example 3
The procedure of example 2 is followed, except that maltodextrin is used as the encapsulating material.
The microcapsule prepared in the comparative example has poor emulsifying effect, the encapsulation efficiency is 20.54 percent and the drug loading rate is 7.56 percent calculated by cinnamaldehyde.
Comparative example 4
The procedure of example 2 is followed, except that the capsules are made of gum arabic.
The microcapsule prepared in the comparative example has poor emulsifying effect, the encapsulation efficiency is 25.13 percent and the drug loading rate is 6.84 percent calculated by cinnamaldehyde.
Comparative example 5
The method of example 2 is different in that the mass ratio of the capsule wall material is 3:1 sodium starch octenyl succinate and acacia.
The microcapsule prepared in the comparative example has an encapsulation efficiency of 50.75% and a drug loading of 10.78% calculated by cinnamaldehyde.
Comparative example 6
The method of example 2 is different in that the mass ratio of the capsule wall material is 3:1 maltodextrin and acacia.
The microcapsule prepared in the comparative example has an encapsulation efficiency of 26.63% and a drug loading of 9.51% calculated by cinnamaldehyde.
It can be seen from the results of comparative examples 2 to 6 that the mixed volatile oil of the angelica volatile oil and the cassia twig volatile oil has the best embedding effect by adopting sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin as the composite capsule wall material.
Comparative example 7
1. Raw materials
Wall material: example 1 mixed essential oil of angelica and cassia twig = 3:2, sodium starch octenyl succinate in the wall material: maltodextrin=1: 1.
2. preparation method
(1) Adding the wall material into ultrapure water, heating, stirring and dissolving at 80 ℃ to obtain an aqueous wall material solution; wherein the mass concentration of the composite wall material aqueous solution is 30%;
(2) Adding mixed volatile oil of radix Angelicae sinensis and ramulus Cinnamomi into the above wall material water solution, and shearing at 16000r/min for 2min to obtain primary emulsion; wherein, the mass ratio of the composite wall material to the mixed volatile oil of the angelica and the cassia twig is 3:2; homogenizing the obtained primary emulsion for 2 times at a temperature of 50 ℃ under high pressure of 300Bar to obtain uniform and stable final emulsion;
(3) Spray drying the homogenized final emulsion to obtain mixed volatile oil microcapsule powder of radix Angelicae sinensis and ramulus Cinnamomi, wherein the air inlet temperature is 185 deg.C, the air outlet temperature is 108 deg.C, and the feed flow is 32mL/min.
3. According to the method, the mixed volatile oil of the angelica and the cassia twig is subjected to microencapsulation embedding, and the encapsulation rate of the obtained microcapsule is 72.45 percent and the drug loading rate is 10.64 percent calculated by cinnamaldehyde.
Therefore, the mixed volatile oil of the angelica sinensis and the cassia twig is subjected to microencapsulation embedding according to the microencapsulation scheme, and the encapsulation rate and the drug loading rate of the mixed volatile oil are far lower than those of the microencapsulation scheme, so that the optimal microencapsulation effect of the mixed volatile oil can be realized by a specific microencapsulation process aiming at the specific volatile oil type of the invention.
Comparative example 8
The process of example 2 differs in that the spray drying conditions of step S3 are: the temperature of the air inlet is 150 ℃, the temperature of the air outlet is 85 ℃, the air speed is 17mL/min, the interval time of firing pins is 4.0 seconds, the material flow is 200mL/h, and the fan frequency is 50Hz.
The microcapsule prepared in the comparative example has an encapsulation efficiency of 78.45% and a drug loading rate of 10.67% calculated by cinnamaldehyde.
Comparative example 9
The process of example 2 differs in that the spray drying conditions of step S3 are: the temperature of the air inlet is 200 ℃, the temperature of the air outlet is 85 ℃, the air speed is 17mL/min, the interval time of firing pins is 4.0 seconds, the material flow is 200mL/h, and the fan frequency is 50Hz.
The microcapsule prepared in the comparative example has an encapsulation efficiency of 81.14% and a drug loading rate of 11.81% calculated by cinnamaldehyde.
From the microcapsule effect of comparative examples 8 and 9, it can be seen that the temperature of spray drying has a greater influence on the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading for the preparation of the microcapsules of the present invention, and thus the control of the spray drying process parameters is also particularly critical to achieve higher encapsulation efficiency and drug loading.
It is to be understood that the above examples of the present invention are provided by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.
Claims (7)
1. The angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule is characterized by comprising a core material and a capsule wall material, wherein the core material comprises mixed volatile oil of angelica and cassia twig, the capsule wall material comprises sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin, and the mass ratio of the sodium starch octenyl succinate to the maltodextrin is 1-4: 1, the mass ratio of the core material to the capsule material is 1: 2-3, wherein the mass ratio of the angelica volatile oil to the cassia twig volatile oil in the mixed volatile oil is 1:1, the mass concentration of sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin is 12-17%; the angelica sinensis-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule is prepared by adopting a spray drying method.
2. The method of preparing microcapsules of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, adding water into sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin, and stirring for dissolution to obtain a capsule wall material solution;
s2, adding mixed volatile oil of Chinese angelica and cassia twig into the capsule wall material solution, shearing and homogenizing to obtain emulsion;
and S3, spray drying the emulsion to obtain the angelica-cassia twig mixed volatile oil microcapsule.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the stirring and dissolving in step S1 is stirring and dissolving at 60 ℃; prior to step S2, the capsule material solution was reduced to 45 ℃.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the mass concentration of sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin in the capsule material solution in the step S1 is 12-17%.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the shear rate in step S2 is 8000-10000 rpm and the shear time is 5-7 min; the homogenization is carried out at 270-350 bar.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the spray drying conditions of step S3 are: the temperature of the air inlet is 185+/-2 ℃, the temperature of the air outlet is 85-90 ℃, the air speed is 17-20 mL/min, the interval time of firing pins is 4.0 seconds, the material flow is 200mL/h, and the fan frequency is 50Hz.
7. The microcapsule according to claim 1 or the microcapsule prepared by the method according to any one of claims 2-6 is applied to preparation of angelica and cassia twig volatile oil pharmaceutical preparations.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106580919A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-04-26 | 无限极（中国）有限公司 | Ganoderma spore oil microcapsule powder and preparing method and application thereof |
| CN112450417A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-09 | 广州合诚三先生物科技有限公司 | Clausena lansium volatile oil microcapsule powder and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106580919A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-04-26 | 无限极（中国）有限公司 | Ganoderma spore oil microcapsule powder and preparing method and application thereof |
| CN112450417A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-09 | 广州合诚三先生物科技有限公司 | Clausena lansium volatile oil microcapsule powder and preparation method thereof |
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| Effect of different wall materials onphysicochemical properties of microcapsules with high loading pumpkin seed oil;CC.Zhang, et al;Food & Machinery(第11期);165-170 * |
| 利用辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉进行核桃油微胶囊化的研究;李艳等;食品工业科技(第4期);120-122 * |
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