CN115517252B - 一种防治软体动物膏剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种防治软体动物膏剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115517252B CN115517252B CN202210053477.0A CN202210053477A CN115517252B CN 115517252 B CN115517252 B CN 115517252B CN 202210053477 A CN202210053477 A CN 202210053477A CN 115517252 B CN115517252 B CN 115517252B
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- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LROWVYNUWKVTCU-STWYSWDKSA-M sodium sorbate Chemical compound [Na+].C\C=C\C=C\C([O-])=O LROWVYNUWKVTCU-STWYSWDKSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- HCJLVWUMMKIQIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl HCJLVWUMMKIQIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SXHLENDCVBIJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOS([O-])(=O)=O SXHLENDCVBIJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940095068 tetradecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- XLRPYZSEQKXZAA-OCAPTIKFSA-N tropane Chemical compound C1CC[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1N2C XLRPYZSEQKXZAA-OCAPTIKFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930004006 tropane Natural products 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
- A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
本发明所属IPC分类号为A01N25/30，具体涉及一种防治软体动物膏剂及其制备方法和应用。防治软体动物膏剂，原料包括，按重量份计，杀虫活性原药1～50份、填料1～50份、分散剂0.5～10份、增稠剂0.1～7份、助剂0～5份、水补充至100份。本发明的膏剂制备方法简单，生产方便，并且药效好，药效持续时间长。
Description
技术领域
本发明所属IPC分类号为A01N25/30，具体涉及一种防治软体动物膏剂及其制备方法和应用。
技术背景
软体动物对农业、园林等作物都具有不同的危害，其会造成缺垄断苗等现象，并且爬行过的地方留下白色胶质及绳状粪便,使水果蔬菜的商品价值降低。
专利CN107006459B提供了一种软体动物防治水分散粒剂，但是其在使用过程中是使用水对水分散粒剂稀释后进行喷洒施药，虽有具有一定的药效，但是有些植物包括果树与园林观赏植物，过于高大，叶片很多，这样使得药效降低，并且目前较多的剂型为可湿粉喷洒和颗粒剂，防治软体动物时施用可湿粉喷洒，药液到不了植株下层，起不到药效；使用颗粒剂，由于叶片过多，新陈代谢落下的树叶很快覆盖了颗粒，导致药效降低。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的第一个方面提供了一种防治软体动物膏剂，原料包括，按重量份计，杀虫活性原药1～50份、填料1～50份、分散剂0.5～10份、增稠剂0.1～7份、助剂0～5份、水补充至100份。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述防治软体动物膏剂的原料包括，按重量份计，杀虫活性原药5～20份、填料5～20份、分散剂1～5份、增稠剂0.5～4份、助剂0～5份、水补充至100份。
在一些更优选的实施方式中，所述防治软体动物膏剂的原料包括，按重量份计，杀虫活性原药5～8份、填料15～20份、分散剂2～4份、增稠剂1.8～3份、助剂0～5份、水补充至100份。
为了降低有机溶剂的污染问题，本发明中使用水为溶剂。
膏剂主要是利用杀虫活性原药使软体动物体内神经麻痹而死亡。
在一些实施方式中，所杀虫活性原药包括四聚乙醛。
在另一些实施方式中，所述杀虫活性原药还包括杀螺胺、甲萘威、磷酸铁氯硝柳胺、阿维菌素、多菌灵、花椒素、茶皂素、硫酸铜、铁、铝金属化合物的螯合物、三苯基乙酸锡、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐、氰氨化钙、蜗螺杀、五氯酚钠、虫螨腈、灭梭威螺威、甲硫威、异索威、烟酰苯胺、兹克威，减虫威、杀螺吗啉、克百威、阿那卡地酸、甲维盐、莨菪烷碱组成的组中的一种或其混合物。
在一些实施方式中，所述填料选自硅藻土、凹凸棒土、膨润土、高岭土、陶土、轻质碳酸钙、海泡石、木质素、玉米淀粉、白炭黑、滑石粉、水滑石中的一种或多种(优选用白炭黑)。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述白炭黑的比表面积大于100m2/g(比如说大于120m2/g、大于150m2/g、大于180m2/g、大于200m2/g、大于220m2/g或为180～220m2/g)。
所述分散剂选自木质素碳酸钙、月桂醇聚氧乙烯基醚硫酸钠、烷基萘甲醛合物碳酸盐、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钙、十二烷基硫酸钠、烷基聚氧乙烯醚碱酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚甲醛缩合物、三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、湿润渗透剂F、烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚、烷基芳基聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯基醚嵌段共聚物、拉开粉BX、脂肪醇聚氧乙基醚、聚乙羟酸酯钠盐、KY系列分散剂(比如说KY501、KY555、KY601、KY602等)中的一种或多种(优选用烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚)。
在一些实施方式中，所述烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚的浊点为65～100℃(优选为75～95℃，进一步优选为88～92℃)，其销售牌号为农乳700#。
所述增稠剂选自羧甲基纤维素钠、硅酸镁铝、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、黄原胶(XG)、明胶、油酸钠、油酸钾、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸钙、油酸三乙醇胺、油酸乙醇胺、油酸乙二胺、聚酰胺树脂、淀粉、淀粉衍生物、改性淀粉、藻酸盐、阿拉伯树胶的一种或多种(优选用黄原胶)。
在一些实施方式中，所述防治软体动物膏剂的原料还包括乳化剂。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述乳化剂的重量与分散剂的重量比为(1～10)：1；进一步优选，所述乳化剂的重量与分散剂的重量比为(2～3)：1。
在一些实施方式中，所述乳化剂选自一磷酸酯、二磷酸酯、油酸甲酯邻苯二酚、丁基缩水甘油隧、二苯基联苯醛聚氧乙烯醚、苯基缩水甘油醚、用苯基缩水甘油醚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚乙烯基乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、苯乙烯醛苯酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯聚醚及其硫酸盐、吐温TWEEN系列、斯盘SPAN系列、表氯醇、山梨酸钠、苯甲酸钠、环氧化大豆油、亚麻油、氯醌,螺醒、丁香酚、柠檬酸、羟苯甲酸酯或对羟苯甲酸丙酯中的一种或多种(优选用壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚，其销售牌号为NP-10)。
由于水对四聚乙醛为不溶性，这样使得膏剂的稳定性和药效都变差，发明人境内各大量研发试验发现，在本发明中使用特定比表面积的白炭黑和烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚相互协同作用不但能够增加体系的稳定性，同时还能够增加其药效，可能是因为烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的相互作用使得白炭黑在水中能够更好的分散，同时特定比表面积的白炭黑对四聚乙醛和引诱剂进行吸附，使得膏剂在使用的能够的缓释。
为了进一步对软体动物进行引诱，充分对软体动物进行杀灭，在一些实施方式中，所述防治软体动物膏剂的原料还包括引诱剂。
在一些实施方式中，所述引诱剂的重量为杀虫活性原药重量的10～80％(优选为25～80％；进一步优选为40～50％)。
在一些实施方式中，所述引诱剂选自黄豆香、正己醇、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇、十二烯-1-醇乙酸酯，十四碳烯乙酸酯，十六烯醇乙酸酯和十二碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯、鱼腥素、芝麻油、鱼油、麦麸、菜籽饼、猪油、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、糖、葡萄糖浆、葡萄糖粉、鱼骨粉、蛋白粉、盐、醋液、酒液、鸡骨粉、虾粉酵母菌中的一种或多种。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述引诱剂为鱼腥素和/或糖(优选为鱼腥素和糖，其重量比为1：(0.8～1.5))。
现有技术中，为了增加农药对软体动物进行更好的防治，常常采用一些其他原药与四聚乙醛相互作用来达到更好的防治效果，但是多种原药的可能会对蚯蚓等益虫造成危害，经过大量研究，发明人意外发现，在本发明中使用特定的引诱剂与四聚乙醛相互作用能够达到更好的防止效果，可能是因为本发明的四聚乙醛和引诱剂在分散剂和乳化剂的作用下能够很好的粘附在一起，一些软体动物被吸引至膏剂上，而鱼腥素又是使得软体动物表面处较兴奋状态，使其停在膏剂上，从而发挥更好的药效，但是在研究中发现，并不是引诱剂尤其是鱼腥素的量并不是越多越好，当其量太多的时候，防治效果反而降低，可能是因为此时的软体动物的状态过于兴奋不停的爬行，反而不能够很好的对其进行防治。
在一些实施方式中，所述助剂为防冻剂、pH调节剂、螯合剂中的一种或多种。
在一些实施方式中，所述防冻剂选自乙二醇、丙三醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、山梨醇、尿素、氯化钠、二甘醇、异丙醇、乙二醇丁醚、聚乙二醇中的一种或多种。
在一些实施方式中，所述pH调节剂选自三乙胺、氢氧化钠、碳酸纳、氨水、醋酸、柠檬酸、磷酸、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、盐酸、三乙醇胺、乙酸中的一种或多种。
在一些实施方式中，所述螯合剂选自乙二胺四乙酸二钠、乙二胺四乙酸四钠、氨基羧酸、1,3-二酮、羟基羧酸及其盐、氨基三乙酸及其盐、二亚乙基三胺五乙酸及其盐中的一种或多种。
本发明的第二个方面提供了一种防治软体动物膏剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1，将水加入到搅拌罐中，再将乳化剂和分散剂加入到搅拌罐中，进行搅拌1～40min；
S2，将杀虫活性原药、填料、引诱剂到上述步骤S1的搅拌罐中，搅拌5～60min；
S3，最后将防治软体动物膏剂的剩余原料加入到上述步骤S2的搅拌罐中，搅拌5～60min即得到防治软体动物膏剂。
在一种优选的实施方式中，所述防治软体动物膏剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1，将水加入到搅拌罐中，再将乳化剂和分散剂加入到搅拌罐中，进行搅拌5～15min；
S2，将杀虫活性原药、填料、引诱剂到上述步骤S1的搅拌罐中，搅拌10～30min；
S3，最后将增稠剂加入到上述步骤S2的搅拌罐中，搅拌10～30min即得到防治软体动物膏剂。
本发明的第三个方面提供了一种防治软体动物膏剂的应用，所述防治软体动物膏剂在防治农作物软体动物虫害上应用。
如图1～3所示为本发明的膏剂在使用时候的的图片。
可以列举的农作物有火龙果，柑橘，苹果、梨、香蕉、桃、橘子、砂糖桔、橙子、柠檬、青柠、柚子、金桔、葡萄柚、山竹、园林绿化悬铃木、垂柳、旱柳、雪松、龙柏、银杏、白皮松、朴树、桑树、构树、牡丹、红叶小檗、白玉兰、柏杨树、榆树、梅花树、樱花树、紫薇树、木芙蓉、石榴、三杉、桂花、黄山栾树、湿地松、无患子、榉树、薄壳山核桃、圆柏、樱花、江南油杉、油杉、南方铁杉、长苞铁杉、穗花杉、冷杉、棉花、大豆、玉米等。
在一些实施方式中，所述软体动物包括福寿螺、蛞蝓、蜗牛。
本发明的第四个方面提供了一种防治软体动物膏剂的使用方法，所述防治软体动物膏剂的使用方法包括涂抹、喷雾、喷涂。
与现有技术相比，本发明制备具有下述有益效果：
1.在本发明中通过特定原料之间的配比，制备得到的膏剂得到的产品剂型稳定，而且效果好，并且还具有较好的高低温稳定性，在使用的时候不会因为温度的变化对药效产生影响；
2.本发明的防治软体动物膏剂的制备方法简单、生产条件要求低，适合工艺生产；
3.本发明的剂型为膏剂施药部位为树干下层，地面以上，当软体动物爬上树干时，经过药剂，对软体动物进行灭杀，具有良好的药效；
4.本发明中制备防治软体动物膏剂的溶剂为水，避免了大量有机溶剂的使用，不会对土壤造成一些污染；
5.本发明中使用特定的杀虫活性原药和引诱剂相互作用，能够更好的对软体动物进行杀灭，而不会对蚯蚓等益虫造成危害。
附图说明
图1～3为本发明的膏剂在使用时候的的图片。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明，以下为本发明的几个具体实施例，但是本发明并不局限于以下实施例。
实施例1
一种防治软体动物膏剂，原料包括，按重量份计，杀虫活性原药5份、填料15份、分散剂2份、增稠剂1.8份、水补充至100份。
所杀虫活性原药包括四聚乙醛、磷酸铁，其重量比为4：1；所述填料为白炭黑；所述白炭黑的比表面积为180m2/g；所述分散剂为烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚；所述烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚的浊点为88℃(销售牌号为农乳700#)；所述增稠剂为黄原胶；所述防治软体动物膏剂的原料还包括乳化剂；所述乳化剂的重量与分散剂的重量比为2：1；所述乳化剂为壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(销售牌号为NP-10)；所述防治软体动物膏剂的原料还包括引诱剂；所述引诱剂的重量为杀虫活性原药重量的40％；所述引诱剂为鱼腥素和糖，其重量比为1：0.8；所述防治软体动物膏剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：S1，将水加入到搅拌罐中，再将乳化剂和分散剂加入到搅拌罐中，进行搅拌5min；S2，将杀虫活性原药、填料、引诱剂到上述步骤S1的搅拌罐中，搅拌30min；S3，最后将增稠剂加入到上述步骤S2的搅拌罐中，搅拌30min即得到防治软体动物膏剂。
实施例2
一种防治软体动物膏剂，原料包括，按重量份计，杀虫活性原药8份、填料20份、分散剂4份、增稠剂3份、水补充至100份。
所杀虫活性原药包括四聚乙醛、杀螺胺，其重量比为3：1；所述填料为白炭黑；所述白炭黑的比表面积为220m2/g；所述分散剂为烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚；所述烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚的浊点为92℃(销售牌号为农乳700#)；所述增稠剂为黄原胶；所述防治软体动物膏剂的原料还包括乳化剂；所述乳化剂的重量与分散剂的重量比为3：1；所述乳化剂为壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(销售牌号为NP-10)；所述防治软体动物膏剂的原料还包括引诱剂；所述引诱剂的重量为杀虫活性原药重量的50％；所述引诱剂为鱼腥素和糖，其重量比为1：1.5；所述防治软体动物膏剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：S1，将水加入到搅拌罐中，再将乳化剂和分散剂加入到搅拌罐中，进行搅拌15min；S2，将杀虫活性原药、填料、引诱剂到上述步骤S1的搅拌罐中，搅拌10min；S3，最后将增稠剂加入到上述步骤S2的搅拌罐中，搅拌30min即得到防治软体动物膏剂。
实施例3
一种防治软体动物膏剂，原料包括，按重量份计，杀虫活性原药6.5份、填料18份、分散剂3份、增稠剂2.5份、水补充至100份。
所杀虫活性原药包括四聚乙醛；所述填料为白炭黑；所述白炭黑的比表面积为200m2/g；所述分散剂为烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚；所述烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚的浊点为90℃(销售牌号为农乳700#)；所述增稠剂为黄原胶；所述防治软体动物膏剂的原料还包括乳化剂；所述乳化剂为壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(销售牌号为NP-10)；所述乳化剂的重量与分散剂的重量比为2.5：1；所述防治软体动物膏剂的原料还包括引诱剂；所述引诱剂的重量为杀虫活性原药重量的50％；所述引诱剂为鱼腥素和糖，其重量比为1：1；所述防治软体动物膏剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：S1，将水加入到搅拌罐中，再将乳化剂和分散剂加入到搅拌罐中，进行搅拌10min；S2，将杀虫活性原药、填料、引诱剂到上述步骤S1的搅拌罐中，搅拌20min；S3，最后将增稠剂加入到上述步骤S2的搅拌罐中，搅拌20min即得到防治软体动物膏剂。
实施例4
一种防治软体动物膏剂，其具体实施方式同实施例3，不同之处在于，杀虫活性原药为50份。
实施例5
一种防治软体动物膏剂，其具体实施方式同实施例3，不同之处在于，杀虫活性原药为20份。
实施例6
一种防治软体动物膏剂，其具体实施方式同实施例1，不同之处在于，引诱剂的重量为杀虫活性原药重量的80％。
实施例7
一种防治软体动物膏剂，其具体实施方式同实施例1，不同之处在于，分散剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠。
性能测试
一、在火龙果上防治蜗牛的试验
1.时间：2021年2月18日-2021年5月6日
2、地点：广西隆安县那桐镇振龙农业火龙果基地
3、试验株数：80株。面积：20m3,品种：火龙果金都1号
4、方法：采用人工，直接用毛刷将药膏涂抹在地面根部以上的部分位置，长度约20cm左右
试验靶标情况
试验对象以灰巴蜗牛为主，提前一天安排人员采集，施药当天上午10点后开始放虫，按国标应为10头/m2，放虫时尽量靠近地中间且均匀摆放。
4.3施药方法
4.3.1使用时期和方法
放蜗牛约4小时后施药，均匀后涂抹。
4.3.2施药器械
毛刷
4.3.3使用剂量：3800克/亩
4.3.4调查时间和次数
施药前进行虫口基数调查(放蜗牛)，药后第3、7、14、21d分别调查一次，共调查5次。
4.3.5调查方法
施药前按10头/平米放蜗牛(多余的清除)，药后3、7、14天调查不翻动表土，只观察土表及植株上的死亡个体，记录数量后移出果地，药后21天调查表土及植株的同时，还要调查土层下3cm处的存活或死亡个休，全区调查
4.3.6田间药效计算方法
试验过程叙述：从2月18日抹药开始，经过21天至3月9日
测试结果如表1所示：
表1
为验证药品药效期继续进行进一步试验
<1>、3月10日早上，人工采集了3头活动的蜗牛，让其身体触觉部分接触药物(实施例3)，20分钟左右出现中毒现象，蜗牛开始分泌体内的粘液，至当天下午15点钟再观察，无生命活动特征，彻底死亡。小结：此膏状四聚乙醛在外部自然天气的条件下，施药21天后药效明显，可维持21天以上。
<2>、4月18日早晨6点钟左右，人工采集了3头活动的蜗牛，让其身体触觉部分接触药物(实施例3)，30分钟左右开始出现中毒现状，开始分泌体内粘液，当天下午17点再观察，已无生命活动特征，彻底死亡。小结：此膏状四聚乙醛在外部自然天气的条件下，施药60天后药效明显，可维持60天。
<3>、5月6日早晨6点钟左右，人工采集了2头活动的蜗牛，让其身体触觉部分接触药物(实施例3)，至下午15点钟再观察，未见中毒现象，未见死亡，无明显的药效，至此，施药后在外部自然的条件下已达到了78天。
由3.10-5.6的防治效果来看，本发明的膏剂持效期都不错。广西2月-5月上旬为春季湿润的季风气候，日均气温为24度左右，雨量少、湿度大，对刷在根部的药膏没有大雨冲刷的作用，此段时间药膏粘附在根部无明显脱落现象，时间长达80天，粘附性较强，药效可维持60天左右。
二、稳定性测试
1.热稳定性：将20g膏剂试样放人玻璃瓶中，使其铺成平滑均匀层，置玻璃瓶于(54±2)℃的恒温箱中放置14d。取出，放人干燥器中，使试样冷至室温后观察现象。无油水分离、分层、结晶析出为合格、否则为不合格。
2.低温稳定性：取20g的膏剂试样置于玻璃瓶中，在制冷器中冷却至(0±2)℃，保持1h，每间隔15min搅拌一次，每次15s。将玻璃瓶放回制冷器，在(0±2)℃继续放置7d后，将玻璃瓶取出，恢复至室温，试样无油水分离、分层、结晶析出为合格、否则为不合格。
测试结果如表1所示：
表2
| 热稳定性 | 低温稳定性 | |
| 实施例1 | 合格 | 合格 |
| 实施例2 | 合格 | 合格 |
| 实施例3 | 合格 | 合格 |
| 实施例4 | 合格 | 不合格 |
| 实施例5 | 合格 | 合格 |
| 实施例6 | 合格 | 合格 |
| 实施例7 | 不合格 | 不合格 |
Claims (1)
1.一种防治软体动物膏剂，其特征在于，原料包括，按重量份计，杀虫活性原药6.5份、填料18份、分散剂3份、增稠剂2.5份、水补充至100份；
所杀虫活性原药为四聚乙醛；
所述填料为白炭黑；
所述白炭黑的比表面积为200 m2/g；
所述分散剂为烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚；
所述烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚的浊点为90℃；
所述增稠剂为黄原胶；
所述防治软体动物膏剂的原料还包括乳化剂；
所述乳化剂为壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚；
所述乳化剂的重量与分散剂的重量比为2.5：1；
所述防治软体动物膏剂的原料还包括引诱剂；
所述引诱剂的重量为杀虫活性原药重量的50%；
所述引诱剂为鱼腥素和糖，其重量比为1：1；
所述防治软体动物膏剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：S1，将水加入到搅拌罐中，再将乳化剂和分散剂加入到搅拌罐中，进行搅拌10min；S2，将杀虫活性原药、填料、引诱剂到上述步骤S1的搅拌罐中，搅拌20min；S3，最后将增稠剂加入到上述步骤S2的搅拌罐中，搅拌20min即得到防治软体动物膏剂。
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