CN115514247A - Asymmetric turn-off diode assembly and alternating current-direct current converter - Google Patents
Asymmetric turn-off diode assembly and alternating current-direct current converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN115514247A CN115514247A CN202211082346.1A CN202211082346A CN115514247A CN 115514247 A CN115514247 A CN 115514247A CN 202211082346 A CN202211082346 A CN 202211082346A CN 115514247 A CN115514247 A CN 115514247A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/5388—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with asymmetrical configuration of switches
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
Abstract
The invention is suitable for the field of exchangers, and provides an asymmetric turn-off diode component and an alternating current-direct current converter, wherein the alternating current-direct current converter comprises a diode D1 and a full-control device; the diode D1 is connected with the full-control device in parallel, the through-current directions of the diode D1 and the full-control device are opposite, and the through-current capacity of the diode D1 is larger than that of the full-control device. Compared with the scheme of the modular multilevel converter, the number of devices and the volume and weight are greatly reduced, so that the cost of the converter is effectively reduced; compared with a traditional diode converter, the power reverse transmission with smaller power can be realized, so that the power reverse transmission device is suitable for grid connection of a new energy field and improves energy support for a starting stage. The capacitor configuration of the voltage-sharing circuit is positively correlated with the turn-off current of the full-control device, and the turn-off current of the device is greatly reduced, so that the capacitance of the voltage-sharing circuit is reduced, the loss and the cost of the voltage-sharing circuit are reduced, and the voltage-sharing circuit adopted by the design is based on a passive device and is high in reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of exchangers, and particularly relates to an asymmetric turn-off diode assembly and an alternating current-direct current converter.
Background
In the scenes of offshore wind power transmission and the like, because the submarine cable has high distributed capacitance, electric energy needs to be transmitted in a direct current mode through the converter. The modular multilevel converter widely used at present has large volume, high weight and expensive cost of the body and the corresponding offshore platform. These problems can be optimized with diode rectifiers, but power cannot be delivered in reverse to provide energy to the device during the wind farm startup phase. The present invention proposes an ac-dc converter with asymmetric power transfer function to solve these problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problem, in one aspect, the present invention discloses an asymmetric turn-off diode assembly, which includes a diode unit including:
a diode D1 and a full control device; the diode D1 is connected with the full-control device in parallel, the through-current directions of the diode D1 and the full-control device are opposite, and the through-current capacity of the diode D1 is larger than that of the full-control device.
Wherein the current capacity of the full control device is less than 1/3 of the current capacity of the diode D1.
The current capacity of the diode D1 and the current capacity of the fully controlled component are determined by the area of the current cross section.
The diode D1 and a full control device are integrated on the base piece.
The diode D1 and the full-control device are integrated on a wafer, and on the wafer, the area occupied by the diode D1 is larger than that occupied by the full-control device.
The diodes D1 and the full control devices are arranged in the crimping shell in parallel, and the number of the diodes D1 is larger than that of the full control devices.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the diode D1 assembly further comprises a voltage-sharing circuit, and the voltage-sharing circuit is connected with the diode D1 and the full-control device in parallel.
The voltage-sharing circuit comprises a capacitor C and a resistor R which are connected in series.
The voltage-sharing circuit further comprises a one-way diode D2, the one-way diode D2 is connected with the resistor R in series, and the current flowing direction of the one-way diode D2 is opposite to that of the full-control device.
Wherein the voltage equalizing circuit comprises an arrester MOV or a transient diode.
Wherein, the full control device is one or more of IGBT, IGCT and MOSFET in series/parallel connection.
In another aspect, the present invention further discloses an ac/dc converter, including: six bridge arms;
each two bridge arms are connected in series to form a bridge arm unit, and three groups of bridge arm units are in total and are mutually connected in parallel;
each bridge arm unit comprises a plurality of the above-mentioned asymmetric turn-off diode assemblies, which are connected in series.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
one side of each of the three sets of bridge arm units is electrically connected with a direct current end, and the other side of each of the three sets of bridge arm units is electrically connected with an alternating current end;
and three phase lines of the alternating current end are respectively and correspondingly connected in the three groups of bridge arm units, and a connection point is positioned between every two bridge arms in the bridge arm units.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the scheme of a modularized multi-level converter, the asymmetrical turn-off diode component and the AC-DC converter provided by the invention have the advantages that the number of devices and the volume and weight are greatly reduced, so that the cost of the converter is effectively reduced; compared with the traditional diode converter, the power reverse transmission with smaller power can be realized, so that the power reverse transmission device is suitable for grid connection of a new energy field and improves energy support for a starting stage. The capacitor configuration of the voltage-sharing circuit is positively correlated with the turn-off current of the full-control device, and the turn-off current of the device is greatly reduced, so that the capacitance of the voltage-sharing circuit is reduced, the loss and the cost of the voltage-sharing circuit are reduced, and the voltage-sharing circuit adopted by the design is based on a passive device and is high in reliability.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a diode assembly in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a diode assembly according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of another diode assembly in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 shows a RC voltage equalizing circuit diagram in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a RCD voltage equalization circuit diagram in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows another voltage equalizer circuit diagram in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 shows a topological circuit diagram of an ac-dc converter in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Compared with the scheme of a modular multilevel converter, the alternating current-direct current converter disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the number of devices and the volume and weight are greatly reduced, so that the cost of the converter is effectively reduced; compared with a traditional diode converter, the power reverse transmission (inversion) with smaller power can be realized, so that the power reverse transmission (inversion) device is suitable for grid connection of a new energy field, and the energy support is improved in a starting stage. The voltage-sharing circuit adopted by the design is based on a passive device, and is low in cost and high in reliability.
Fig. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a diode assembly in an embodiment of the invention, the diode assembly being an asymmetric turn-off diode assembly, the reverse current and reverse turn-off capabilities of the asymmetric turn-off diode assembly being implemented by discrete devices, e.g. the diode assembly comprising a diode unit comprising: the diode D1 and a full-control device with the same blocking voltage and lower current capacity; the diode D1 is connected with the full-control device in parallel, wherein the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the collector of the full-control device, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the emitter of the full-control device, the through-current directions of the diode D1 and the full-control device are opposite, and the through-current capacity of the diode D1 is larger than that of the full-control device. The full-control device is one or more of an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), an Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristor (IGCT), a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) and a Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET), which are connected in series/parallel.
It should be noted that the current capacity of the fully controlled device is less than 1/3 of the current capacity of the diode D1. The current direction of the diode is the forward current direction of the diode component, and the current direction of the full-control device is the reverse current direction of the diode component; the reverse current and reverse turn-off capability of the asymmetrical turn-off diode is lower than 1/3 of the forward current capability of the asymmetrical turn-off diode, and is determined by the ratio of the reverse (inversion) conversion capacity to the forward (rectification) conversion capacity, and the current capability of the diode D1 and the current capability of the full-control device are determined by the area of the current cross section.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the reverse current and reverse turn-off capability of the asymmetric turn-off diode component can also be realized by integrating a fully controlled device and a diode element, and the diode D1 and the fully controlled device are integrated on a base component.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a diode unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the diode D1 and the full-control device are integrated on a wafer, and on the wafer, the area occupied by the diode D1 is larger than the area occupied by the full-control device, and the diode D1 is fabricated in a large area and the full-control device IGCT is fabricated in a small area in the same silicon wafer, so that the area occupied by the diode D1 is much larger than the area occupied by the full-control device IGCT, thereby adjusting the forward and reverse current-carrying capacity of the diode assembly. For example, in fig. 2, the diodes are arranged in the center of the wafer, occupying a large area of the wafer, while the fully-controlled devices IGCTs are arranged at the edge of the wafer, distributed around the diodes, as can be seen, the IGCT devices are significantly smaller than the diodes. In addition, a small IGCT may be arranged in the center of the wafer, and then the periphery of the wafer is arranged into a plurality of diodes with larger area or the periphery of the wafer is integrally made into a diode, and in addition, the number, position and size of the diodes and the IGCTs on the wafer are not fixed, and the diodes and the IGCTs may be arranged according to the required current capacity, as long as the total area ratio of the diodes and the IGBTs is ensured to correspond to the required current capacity. The smaller the IGCT area, the higher the yield of the production, thereby reducing the device manufacturing cost.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of another diode unit in the embodiment of the present invention, where a plurality of diodes D1 are arranged in parallel with the full-control devices in a crimping housing, and the number of the diodes D1 is greater than the number of the full-control devices. More diodes D1 and fewer full-control devices IGBT are arranged in the same crimping shell in parallel, and the forward and reverse through-current capacity of the diode component can be adjusted. In fig. 3, the number of diodes is 24, while the number of fully-controlled device IGBTs is only 1, and the number is greatly different. It should be noted that the number, position, and size of the diode and the full-control device IGBT are not fixed, fig. 3 is only one embodiment, and the position of the full-control device IGBT may also be set at other positions, which is not limited to this, as long as the ratio of the total area of the IGBT to the total area of the diode satisfies the required forward and reverse current-carrying capacity of the diode assembly. The total cost of a unit is composed of two parts, namely an IGBT and a diode, and the cost of an IGBT subunit is much higher than that of a diode subunit, so that the device cost is much lower than that of a device with the same number of diodes and IGBT subunits of the same specification by adopting the design shown in FIG. 3.
The diode D1 assembly further comprises a voltage-sharing circuit, and the voltage-sharing circuit is connected with the diode unit in parallel. The asymmetrical turn-off diode assembly is composed of asymmetrical turn-off diode units connected in parallel with a voltage-sharing circuit, and the voltage-sharing circuit is used for realizing voltage sharing among series devices at the turn-off moment of reverse power transmission, so that overvoltage breakdown caused by the fact that some devices are turned off firstly due to device dispersion is prevented.
Fig. 4 shows a diagram of an RC voltage-sharing circuit in an embodiment of the present invention, where the RC voltage-sharing circuit includes a capacitor C and a resistor R connected in series. When the full-control device is conducted, current discharges to the capacitor C through the resistor R, and after the charge in the capacitor C is discharged, no current flows on the voltage-sharing circuit. When the full-control device is turned off, the capacitor C in the voltage-sharing circuit is gradually charged from 0 voltage, so that the voltage at two ends of the full-control device cannot be instantaneously too high, and the full-control device is broken down.
Fig. 5 shows a voltage equalizing circuit diagram of the RCD according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the voltage equalizing circuit further includes a unidirectional diode D2, the unidirectional diode D2 is connected in series with the resistor R, and a current flowing direction of the unidirectional diode D2 is opposite to a current flowing direction of the full control device. The RCD voltage-sharing circuit utilizes the single-phase through-current characteristic of the diode D2, when the full-control device is conducted, the diode D2 is blocked, the charge on the capacitor C can be discharged through the resistor R, and equivalently, the RCD voltage-sharing circuit is characterized by large resistance, and the condition that the RCD voltage-sharing circuit is conducted and over-current is avoided. When the full-control device is turned off, because the current is in the forward direction, the diode D2 is turned on, so that the phenomenon that the resistor R generates overhigh voltage to break down the full-control device is avoided, and better voltage-sharing and protection effects are achieved.
Figure 6 shows a diagram of another grading circuit comprising an arrester MOV according to an embodiment of the invention. The arrester MOV absorbs excessive current, plays the role of protecting the device, and avoids generating higher voltage to damage the device when being switched off. The arrester MOV arranged in the Voltage-sharing circuit can also be replaced by a Transient Voltage Suppressor (also called Transient Voltage Suppressor, TVS for short).
Fig. 7 shows a topological circuit diagram of an ac-dc converter according to an embodiment of the present invention, the ac-dc converter includes: six bridge arms; each two bridge arms are connected in series to form a bridge arm unit, and three groups of bridge arm units are in total and are mutually connected in parallel; each bridge arm unit comprises a plurality of the above-mentioned asymmetric turn-off diode assemblies, which are connected in series. One side of each of the three sets of bridge arm units is electrically connected with a direct current end, and the other side of each of the three sets of bridge arm units is electrically connected with an alternating current end; and three phase lines of the alternating current end are respectively and correspondingly connected in the three groups of bridge arm units, and a connection point is positioned between every two bridge arms in the bridge arm units.
The working principle of the AC-DC converter is as follows: in an inversion working state, the controller controls the converter in a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) mode, adjusts transmission power or direct current port voltage, and controls reactive power or alternating current port voltage on an alternating current side. Under the rectification working state, the reverse through-current and reverse turn-off parts attached to the asymmetric turn-off diode component are always in a turn-off state, the whole device operates in a mode of a diode rectifier, and parameters such as voltage, current and the like are determined by other devices of the system without being controlled.
In the actual operation process, the following technical parameters are collected:
for the scene that offshore wind power with direct current +/-400 kV, alternating current three-phase 400kV and transmission power of 1000MW is sent out, 2MW active power transmission is needed in the starting stage of a wind field. And calculating to obtain a rectification state line current peak value 2040A sent by the wind power and an inversion state line current peak value 4.08A when the wind field starts power support.
Taking a power electronic device with a direct-current voltage of 2kV as an example, if a modular multilevel converter is adopted, the number of modules required by each bridge arm is as follows: 2 × 400kv/2kv = 400; total number of modules required: 400 × 6=2400 submodules; in the conventional MMC converter, each module includes two fully-controlled devices and two diodes, so in the above application scenarios, when the conventional MMC converter is used, 4800 fully-controlled devices with a turn-off current of 2040A or more and 4800 diodes with a through-current of 2040A or more are included in the converter, and 2400 millifarad-level module support capacitors are required, which is huge in cost and volume. If a symmetrical power voltage source PWM converter with traditional devices connected in series is adopted, although the number of full control devices and diodes included in each module is reduced to 1, 400kv × 2/2kv × 6=2400 full control devices with a turn-off current as high as 2040A or more and 2400 diodes with a turn-off current as high as 2040A or more are required, and the devices connected in series need to be provided with a very high voltage-sharing circuit capacitor, so as to achieve voltage balance of turn-off transient state.
When the scheme of the invention is adopted, the power forward-sending and starting reverse-sending capacities required by a wind farm can be realized only by 2400 full-control devices (responsible for inverting the through-current) with the off-current of more than 4.08A and 2400 diodes with the through-current of more than 2040A. Because the cost of the full-control device is far higher than that of a diode device with the same current grade and is in direct proportion to the turn-off current of the diode device, the cost of the power electronic device required by the device can be greatly reduced. In addition, the capacitance configuration of the voltage-sharing circuit is positively correlated with the turn-off current of the device, and the capacitance of the voltage-sharing circuit is reduced along with the reduction of the turn-off current of the device, so that the loss and the cost of the voltage-sharing circuit are reduced.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. An asymmetric turn-off diode assembly, the diode assembly comprising a diode cell, the diode cell comprising:
a diode D1 and a full control device; the diode D1 is connected with the full-control device in parallel, the through-current directions of the diode D1 and the full-control device are opposite, and the through-current capacity of the diode D1 is larger than that of the full-control device.
2. The asymmetrically turned-off diode assembly of claim 1, wherein the current capacity of the fully controlled device is less than 1/3 of the current capacity of diode D1.
3. The asymmetrically turned-off diode assembly of claim 1, wherein the current capacity of the diode D1 and the current capacity of the fully controlled device are determined by the area of the current cross-section.
4. The asymmetric turn-off diode assembly of claim 1, wherein the diode D1 is integrated with a fully controlled device on a base piece.
5. The asymmetric turn-off diode assembly as claimed in claim 4, wherein the diode D1 and the fully-controlled device are integrated on a wafer, and the area occupied by the diode D1 on the wafer is larger than that occupied by the fully-controlled device.
6. The asymmetric turn-off diode assembly of claim 4, wherein a plurality of the diodes D1 are disposed in parallel with the fully controlled devices within a crimp housing, the number of diodes D1 being greater than the number of fully controlled devices.
7. The asymmetric turn-off diode assembly of claim 1,
the diode D1 assembly further comprises a voltage-sharing circuit, and the voltage-sharing circuit is connected with the diode D1 and the full-control device in parallel.
8. The asymmetric turn-off diode assembly of claim 7, wherein the voltage grading circuit comprises a capacitor C and a resistor R in series with each other.
9. The asymmetric turn-off diode assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein the voltage equalizing circuit further comprises a unidirectional diode D2, the unidirectional diode D2 is connected in series with the resistor R, and the current flowing direction of the unidirectional diode D2 is opposite to that of the fully-controlled device.
10. The asymmetric turn off diode assembly of claim 7, wherein the voltage grading circuit comprises a lightning arrester (MOV) or a transient diode.
11. The asymmetric turn-off diode assembly of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the fully controlled device is one or more of an IGBT, an IGCT, a MOSFET in series/parallel.
12. An AC-DC converter, comprising: six bridge arms;
each two bridge arms are connected in series to form three groups of bridge arm units, and the three groups of bridge arm units are connected in parallel;
each bridge leg unit comprises a plurality of asymmetrically turning off diode assemblies as claimed in any of claims 1-11, a plurality of said diode assemblies being connected in series.
13. The AC-DC converter of claim 12,
one side of each of the three sets of bridge arm units is electrically connected with a direct current end, and the other side of each of the three sets of bridge arm units is electrically connected with an alternating current end;
and three phase lines of the alternating current end are respectively and correspondingly connected in the three groups of bridge arm units, and a connection point is positioned between every two bridge arms in the bridge arm units.
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