CN115514004A - Self-adaptive direct-drive wind power soft direct-sending system subsynchronous oscillation control method - Google Patents

Self-adaptive direct-drive wind power soft direct-sending system subsynchronous oscillation control method Download PDF

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CN115514004A
CN115514004A CN202211244122.6A CN202211244122A CN115514004A CN 115514004 A CN115514004 A CN 115514004A CN 202211244122 A CN202211244122 A CN 202211244122A CN 115514004 A CN115514004 A CN 115514004A
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wind power
subsynchronous oscillation
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吴熙
邹子骁
徐珊珊
陈曦
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Southeast University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/002Flicker reduction, e.g. compensation of flicker introduced by non-linear load
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/50Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • H02J2003/365Reducing harmonics or oscillations in HVDC
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28The renewable source being wind energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

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Abstract

The invention discloses a sub-synchronous oscillation control method of a self-adaptive direct-drive wind power soft and direct delivery system, which comprises the steps of establishing a model of the direct-drive wind power soft and direct delivery system, analyzing a control link strongly related to a sub-synchronous oscillation mode, and providing an additional position scheme of self-adaptive control of sub-synchronous oscillation; designing an adaptive control method for inhibiting subsynchronous oscillation of a direct-drive wind power soft and direct delivery system; respectively establishing an optimization model of parameters of the self-adaptive control method by adopting different additional position schemes, and determining optimal control parameters of a control strategy at each additional position; and comparing the subsynchronous oscillation control effects of the additional position schemes, establishing an evaluation index, determining the optimal additional position of the controller, and realizing subsynchronous oscillation suppression.

Description

Self-adaptive direct-drive wind power soft direct-sending system subsynchronous oscillation control method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power system stabilization and control, in particular to a self-adaptive sub-synchronous oscillation control method for a direct-drive wind power soft and direct sending-out system.
Background
The wind power system has the risk of subsynchronous oscillation through flexible direct current transmission, the stable and safe operation of the power system is endangered, the generation mechanism of the subsynchronous oscillation problem is revealed in a related way gradually, and the subsynchronous oscillation is mainly related to the complex interaction between the wind power system and power electronic equipment of a flexible direct current transmission system. However, the subsynchronous oscillation control method of the direct-drive wind power soft and direct delivery system has less research, usually focuses on subsynchronous oscillation control under a single operating point, and lacks analysis and comparison of suppression effects under multiple working conditions. Considering that the running state of the fan changes greatly and the working conditions are complex, how to realize the subsynchronous oscillation control of the direct-drive wind power soft and direct delivery system under the complex working conditions still needs to be further explored.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above mentioned shortcomings in the background art, the present invention aims to provide a method for controlling sub-synchronous oscillation of an adaptive direct-drive soft wind power direct-sending system,
the purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a self-adaptive subsynchronous oscillation control method for a direct-drive wind power soft and direct delivery system comprises the following steps:
establishing a direct-drive wind power soft and direct delivery system model for analyzing a control link strongly related to a subsynchronous oscillation mode and providing an additional position scheme for subsynchronous oscillation adaptive control;
designing an adaptive control method for inhibiting subsynchronous oscillation of a direct-drive wind power soft and direct delivery system;
respectively establishing optimization models of different adaptive control method parameters by adopting different additional position schemes, and determining the optimal control parameters of the control method under each additional position scheme through the optimization models of the different adaptive control method parameters;
and comparing the subsynchronous oscillation control effects of the additional position schemes by using the obtained optimal control parameters, establishing an evaluation index, determining the optimal additional position of the controller, and realizing subsynchronous oscillation suppression.
Preferably, the process of establishing the direct-drive wind power flexible direct-sending system model comprises the following steps:
the soft direct-sending system of direct-drive wind power comprises: the system comprises a permanent magnetic direct-drive wind power plant, an alternating current circuit, a flexible direct current transmission system and an infinite power supply; the permanent-magnet direct-drive wind power plant consists of a permanent-magnet direct-drive fan, a fan side converter, a direct-current link of a back-to-back converter and a fan grid side converter; the flexible direct current transmission system consists of a flexible direct current fan side converter station, a direct current transmission cable and a flexible direct current network side converter station;
the voltage equation, the flux linkage equation, the torque equation and the motion equation of the permanent-magnet direct-drive fan are as follows:
Figure BDA0003885060390000021
Figure BDA0003885060390000022
T e =ψ f i qs (3)
Figure BDA0003885060390000023
wherein psi ds And psi qs Respectively represent stator dq-axis flux linkage, u ds ,u qs ,i ds ,i qs The dq axis components, R, of the direct drive fan stator voltage and stator current, respectively s ,L s Respectively is the stator resistance and the stator inductance of the direct-drive fan, J represents the inertia of the shafting of the direct-drive fan, D is the damping of the rotor of the direct-drive fan, omega sr Is the per unit value of the angular velocity of the synchronous magnetic field and the rotational angular velocity of the rotor of the doubly-fed fan, T m ,T e The mechanical torque and the electromagnetic torque of the direct-drive fan are respectively;
the fan machine side converter adopts double closed-loop vector control of zero d axis,the outer ring q axis controls the actual active power output P of the direct-drive fan through PI, and the inner ring dq axis respectively controls i through PI ds ,i qs The following formula:
Figure BDA0003885060390000033
wherein,
Figure BDA0003885060390000035
respectively represent variable i ds ,i qs The superscript denotes the reference value of the corresponding variable; k pa And K ia Respectively represent PI a The proportional and integral coefficients of the controllers, subscript a =1,2,3 … denotes the proportional and integral coefficients of the a-th PI controller; u. of d1 ,u q1 Respectively representing dq axis voltages of alternating current sides of the fan side converters;
the wind turbine grid-side converter adopts a control strategy of constant direct-current voltage and constant reactive power, and the outer ring dq axis controls direct-current link voltage and grid-side reactive power Q through PI g And the dq axis of the inner ring respectively controls the dq axis component i of the network side current by PI dg ,i qg The following formula:
Figure BDA0003885060390000038
wherein u is dc Is a back-to-back DC link voltage u d2 ,u q2 Respectively representing dq axis voltages of alternating current sides of the wind turbine grid side converters; PI (polyimide) 4 ~PI 7 The control method is used for controlling the wind turbine grid-side converter;
the flexible direct-current fan side sending end converter station adopts a constant alternating-current voltage control strategy, and the outer ring dq axis controls the voltage u of the alternating-current side dq axis of the converter station by PI wfd0 ,u wfq0 The inner ring dq axis respectively controls the current i of the dq axis at the AC side by PI wfd ,i wfq The following formula:
Figure BDA0003885060390000043
wherein u is wfd ,u wfq The dq axis voltages of the converter station alternating current measuring points are respectively represented; PI (proportional integral) 8 ~PI 11 The control system is used for controlling the converter station at the side delivery end of the flexible-direct-current fan;
preferably, the additional position scheme for the subsynchronous oscillation adaptive control is determined by key variables and main control parameters affecting the subsynchronous oscillation:
establishing a state space equation according to a model of the direct-drive fan soft and direct delivery system, analyzing key variables influencing subsynchronous oscillation of the direct-drive wind power soft and direct delivery system, and calculating a power controllability index m of a formula (8) ci And (3) comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the subsynchronous oscillation control additional position:
Figure BDA0003885060390000045
wherein i and k represent the number of the state variable and the number of the characteristic value, respectively, b i The representation corresponds to the control variable u in the control matrix i Column vector of (1), beta k Representing a left eigenvector corresponding to the kth eigenvalue;
an observable index m of formula (9) oi Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the subsynchronous oscillation control measurement position:
Figure BDA0003885060390000051
wherein j represents the number of the control variable, c j The representation corresponds to the output variable y in the output matrix j A row vector of k Representing a right eigenvector corresponding to the kth eigenvalue;
and acquiring control parameters which have large influence on the subsynchronous oscillation mode according to the characteristic value analysis and modeling simulation of the subsynchronous oscillation of the direct-drive wind power soft and direct sending-out system.
Preferably, the adaptive control method is as follows:
setting the input signal and the output signal of the additional controller of the direct-drive wind power flexible direct-sending system as y and u, and setting the input signal and the output signal of the controller at discrete time as y (k) and u (k) respectively;
based on an input signal and an output signal of an adaptive control method, dynamic linearization of a direct-drive wind power soft direct-sending system is realized, as shown in formula (10):
y(k+1)=y(k)+Φ(k)Δu(k) (10)
Φ (k) represents the pseudo-partial derivative of the system, Δ u (k) = u (k) -u (k-1);
and (3) establishing a partial derivative estimation criterion function of the input and output data of the subsynchronous oscillation controller, as shown in the formula (11).
Figure BDA0003885060390000052
μ is a penalty coefficient representing the variation of the pseudo-partial derivative,
Figure BDA0003885060390000053
an estimated value representing a pseudo partial derivative of the wind power delivery system;
and (3) solving the partial derivative of the formula (11) to obtain a pseudo partial derivative estimation formula of the direct-drive wind power soft direct-sending system, wherein the estimation formula is shown as a formula (12):
Figure BDA0003885060390000054
wherein,
Figure BDA0003885060390000055
for the output estimation error, F = 1-gamma, eta is a step factor representing the pseudo partial derivative estimation algorithm, and gamma is the estimation error e 0 (k) An error gain;
the criteria function for the controller output established is as shown in equation (13):
Figure BDA0003885060390000061
the control law of the adaptive control method is shown as the formula (14):
Figure BDA0003885060390000062
where ρ is 0 ,ρ 1 A step factor for adjusting the control rate; λ represents the penalty factor for the system input signal.
Preferably, the partial derivative estimation criterion function aims to minimize the dynamic linearized output and the real output, and adds the variation of the partial derivative with a penalty term.
Preferably, the optimization model of the adaptive control method parameters comprises:
objective function
Taking the sum of the time accumulation of the outer ring dq axis error signal of the fan grid side converter and the square of the outer ring dq axis error signal of the flexible direct-transmission end converter station as a performance index, and establishing an objective function as shown in a formula (15):
Figure BDA0003885060390000063
wherein J is an optimization objective function, t is time, e wd (t),e wq (t),e vd (t),e vq (t) an error signal for d-axis outer ring direct current voltage control of the fan grid side converter, an error signal for q-axis outer ring reactive power control of the fan grid side converter, an error signal for d-axis outer ring alternating current voltage control of the flexible-direct-current fan side delivery end converter station and an error signal for q-axis outer ring alternating current voltage control of the flexible-direct-current fan side delivery end converter station are respectively obtained;
optimizing parameters
The controller parameters to be optimized are: penalty coefficient mu of variation of pseudo-partial derivative, step factor rho for regulating control rate 0 And ρ 1 Integrating a penalty coefficient lambda of an input signal, a step factor eta of pseudo partial derivative estimation, and an estimation error gain gamma;
constraint conditions
According to the design principle of the adaptive control method of subsynchronous oscillation, the feasible range of the controller parameters has the following constraints as shown in the formula (16):
Figure BDA0003885060390000071
wherein,
Figure BDA0003885060390000072
as pseudo partial derivative estimates
Figure BDA0003885060390000073
The upper bound of (c).
Preferably, the optimization model of the parameters of the adaptive control method adopts a particle swarm algorithm to optimize the model parameters, and the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, initializing a particle swarm and calculating the fitness of each particle; secondly, updating the speed and the position of the particle and recalculating the fitness to find the globally optimal particle; and finally, judging whether the particle swarm algorithm is converged, if not, returning to the previous step, continuously updating the particle speed and the particle position, if so, indicating that the optimization of the controller parameters is completed, and successfully obtaining the optimal parameters of the controller at the additional position.
Preferably, the process of implementing subsynchronous oscillation suppression is as follows:
determining an additional position scheme for subsynchronous oscillation adaptive control;
determining optimal control parameters at each additional position;
establishing n direct-drive wind power soft direct-sending system sub-synchronous oscillation complex working condition scenes;
for the subsynchronous oscillation controller at each additional position, subsynchronous oscillation suppression verification under complex working condition scenes is respectively carried out to obtain a target function J of each additional position and each working condition scene l,s Wherein, subscripts l and s respectively represent additional positions and working condition scene numbers;
the subsynchronous oscillation control comprehensive evaluation index at each additional position is obtained and expressed as
Figure BDA0003885060390000081
And selecting the additional position with the minimum subsynchronous oscillation control comprehensive evaluation index as the selected position to realize subsynchronous oscillation suppression.
Preferably, an apparatus comprises:
one or more processors;
a memory for storing one or more programs;
when one or more of the programs are executed by one or more of the processors, the one or more of the processors realize the adaptive sub-synchronous oscillation control method of the direct-drive wind power flexible direct-sending system.
Preferably, the computer executable instructions, when executed by the computer processor, are configured to perform an adaptive direct-drive wind power soft direct-output system subsynchronous oscillation control method as described above.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the self-adaptive control method disclosed by the invention realizes dynamic linearization on the direct-drive wind power flexible direct system based on the input and output data of the strategy, has the advantages of less required system information, low dependence degree on system modeling, capability of realizing effective inhibition on subsynchronous oscillation in various working condition scenes of wind speed, wind power output and fan number change and strong self-adaptability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts;
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a direct-drive wind power flexible-direct grid system case of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sub-synchronous oscillation adaptive control architecture according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for optimizing a particle group control parameter according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an adaptive control additive location application of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the effect of adaptive control applications of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the variation of the estimated value of the pseudo partial derivative in the adaptive control process according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a sub-synchronous oscillation control method for a self-adaptive direct-drive wind power soft direct-sending system includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mathematical model for establishing direct-drive wind power soft and direct delivery system
As shown in fig. 1, the direct-drive wind power soft and direct delivery system includes: the system comprises a permanent magnet direct-drive wind power plant, an alternating current circuit, a flexible direct current transmission system and an infinite power supply. The permanent-magnet direct-drive wind power plant consists of a permanent-magnet direct-drive fan, a fan machine side converter, a direct-current link of a back-to-back converter and a fan grid side converter; the flexible direct current transmission system consists of a flexible direct current fan side converter station, a direct current transmission cable and a flexible direct current network side converter station.
The voltage equation, the flux linkage equation, the torque equation and the motion equation of the permanent-magnet direct-drive fan are shown in formulas (1) to (4):
Figure BDA0003885060390000092
Figure BDA0003885060390000101
T e =ψ f i qs (3)
Figure BDA0003885060390000102
wherein psi ds And psi qs Respectively represent stator dq axis flux linkage, u ds ,u qs ,i ds ,i qs The dq axis components, R, of the direct drive fan stator voltage and stator current, respectively s ,L s Respectively is the stator resistance and the stator inductance of the direct-drive fan, J represents the inertia of the shafting of the direct-drive fan, D is the damping of the rotor of the direct-drive fan, omega sr Is the per unit value of the angular velocity of the synchronous magnetic field and the rotational angular velocity of the rotor of the doubly-fed fan, T m ,T e Respectively the mechanical torque and the electromagnetic torque of the direct-drive fan.
A fan side converter adopts a zero d-axis double closed-loop vector control strategy, an outer ring q axis controls the actual active power output P of a direct-drive fan through PI, and an inner ring dq axis respectively controls i through PI ds ,i qs I.e., formula (5):
Figure BDA0003885060390000105
wherein,
Figure BDA0003885060390000107
respectively represent a variable i ds ,i qs The superscript denotes the reference value of the corresponding variable, the method of representation being the same as below; k pa And K ia Respectively represent PI a The scaling and integration coefficients of the controllers, with the subscript a =1,2,3 … denoting the scaling and integration coefficients of the a-th PI controller, the notation being the same below; u. of d1 ,u q1 Respectively representing dq axis voltages of alternating current sides of the fan side converters;
the wind turbine grid-side converter adopts a control strategy of constant direct-current voltage and constant reactive power, and the outer ring dq axis controls direct-current link voltage and grid-side reactive power Q through PI g Inner ring dq-axis control of dq-axis component i of net-side current by PI dg ,i qg I.e. formula (6):
Figure BDA0003885060390000113
wherein u is dc Is a back-to-back DC link voltage u d2 ,u q2 Respectively representing dq axis voltages of alternating current sides of the wind turbine grid side converters; PI (proportional integral) 4 ~PI 7 The control method is used for controlling the wind turbine grid-side converter;
the flexible direct-current fan side sending end converter station adopts a constant alternating-current voltage control strategy, and the outer ring dq axis controls the voltage u of the alternating-current side dq axis of the converter station by PI wfd0 ,u wfq0 The internal ring dq axis respectively controls the current i of the dq axis at the AC side by PI wfd ,i wfq I.e. formula (7):
Figure BDA0003885060390000117
wherein u is wfd ,u wfq The dq axis voltages of the converter station alternating current measuring points are respectively represented; PI (polyimide) 8 ~PI 11 The control system is used for controlling the flexible-direct-current fan side-sending converter station;
the control strategy of the flexible direct-current grid side receiving end converter station is the same as that of the grid side converter of the direct-drive wind power plant, and the control strategies are control strategies of constant direct-current voltage and constant reactive power, and are not repeated herein.
Step two: additional position scheme for obtaining key variables and main control parameters influencing subsynchronous oscillation and determining self-adaptive control of subsynchronous oscillation
Firstly, establishing a state space equation according to a mathematical model of the direct-drive fan soft and direct output system, and analyzing key variables influencing the subsynchronous oscillation of the direct-drive wind power soft and direct output system. The performance index m of formula (8) ci The advantages and disadvantages of the control additional position of the subsynchronous oscillation:
Figure BDA0003885060390000121
wherein i and k represent the number of the state variable and the number of the characteristic value, respectively, b i The representation corresponds to the control variable u in the control matrix i Column vector of (b), beta k Representing the left eigenvector corresponding to the k-th eigenvalue.
An observable index m of formula (9) oi Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the subsynchronous oscillation control measurement position:
Figure BDA0003885060390000122
wherein j represents the number of the control variable, c j The representation corresponds to the output variable y in the output matrix j A row vector of k Representing the right eigenvector corresponding to the kth eigenvalue.
It should be noted that the sub-synchronous oscillation obtained in this embodiment has the following preferred additional positions: u. u
Figure BDA0003885060390000123
The obtained subsynchronous oscillation in the embodiment has the following better measurement positions:
Figure BDA0003885060390000124
and secondly, acquiring controller parameters with large influence on a subsynchronous oscillation mode according to characteristic value analysis and modeling simulation of subsynchronous oscillation of the direct-drive wind power soft and direct sending system.
The main control parameters affecting subsynchronous oscillation obtained in this embodiment are: k is p4 ,K i4 ,K p5 ,K i5 ,K p8 ,K i8 ,K p9 ,K i9
Further, the additional control scheme may be represented by (a, B), a being a signal input to the controller and B being a signal output to the controller. The combination solution excluding that the additional signal and the measurement signal do not exist in the same converter or converter station, thus, there are:
Figure BDA0003885060390000125
Figure BDA0003885060390000131
and the like.
Step three: self-adaptive control method for designing subsynchronous oscillation of direct-drive wind power flexible direct-sending system
And assuming that the input signal and the output signal of the additional controller of the direct-drive wind power flexible direct-sending system are y and u, the input signal and the output signal of the controller in discrete time are y (k) and u (k) respectively.
Based on the control strategy of inputting and outputting signals, the dynamic linearization of the direct-drive wind power soft direct-sending system is realized, as shown in formula (10):
y(k+1)=y(k)+Φ(k)Δu(k) (10)
Φ (k) represents the pseudo-partial derivative of the system, Δ u (k) = u (k) -u (k-1).
Further, a partial derivative estimation criterion function of the input and output data of the subsynchronous oscillation controller is established, as shown in equation (11).
Figure BDA0003885060390000132
The criterion function takes minimized dynamic linearized output and real output as targets, and adds variation of partial derivative with penalty term to reduce influence of interference on control strategy. μ is a penalty coefficient representing the variation of the pseudo-partial derivative,
Figure BDA0003885060390000133
an estimate representing the pseudo-partial derivative of the wind power delivery system.
And (3) solving the partial derivative of the formula (11) to obtain a pseudo partial derivative estimation formula of the direct-drive wind power soft direct-sending system, wherein the estimation formula is shown as a formula (12):
Figure BDA0003885060390000134
wherein Γ (k) = η/(Δ u (k) 2 +μ),
Figure BDA0003885060390000135
F =1- γ, which is the estimation error of the output. Eta is a step factor representing the pseudo partial derivative estimate and gamma is the estimation error e 0 (k) And (4) an error gain.
The final target of the sub-synchronous oscillation control of the direct-drive wind power soft direct-output system is system stability, and for a certain relevant control link of a system converter, the input error of the PI controller approaches zero. The criteria function for the controller output established is shown in equation (13):
Figure BDA0003885060390000136
further deducing the control law of the control strategy as shown in formula (14):
Figure BDA0003885060390000141
where ρ is 0 ,ρ 1 A step factor for adjusting the control rate; λ represents the penalty factor for the system input signal.
A block diagram of the adaptive control method is shown in fig. 2.
Step four: establishing a control parameter optimization model
1) Objective function
The sum of the accumulated quantity of the outer ring dq axis error signal of the fan grid side converter and the square of the outer ring dq axis error signal of the flexible direct-transmission end converter station in time is minimum as a performance index, and an objective function is established as shown in a formula (15):
Figure BDA0003885060390000142
wherein J is an optimization objective function, t is time, e wd (t),e wq (t),e vd (t),e vq (t) are each a fan netAn error signal of d-axis outer ring direct-current voltage control of the side converter, an error signal of q-axis outer ring reactive power control of the fan grid side converter, an error signal of d-axis outer ring alternating-current voltage control of the flexible-direct-current fan side delivery end converter station and an error signal of q-axis outer ring alternating-current voltage control of the flexible-direct-current fan side delivery end converter station.
2) Optimizing parameters
The controller parameters to be optimized are: penalty coefficient mu of variation of pseudo-partial derivative, step factor rho for regulating control rate 0 And ρ 1 The penalty coefficient lambda of the input signal is unified, the step factor eta of the pseudo partial derivative estimation is unified, and the error gain gamma is estimated.
3) Constraint conditions
According to the design principle of the adaptive control method of subsynchronous oscillation, the feasible range of the controller parameters has the following constraints, as shown in formula (16):
Figure BDA0003885060390000151
wherein,
Figure BDA0003885060390000152
is a pseudo partial derivative
Figure BDA0003885060390000153
The upper bound of (c).
Step five: optimizing model parameters using particle swarm optimization
Firstly, initializing a particle swarm and calculating the fitness of each particle; secondly, updating the speed and the position of the particle and recalculating the fitness to find the globally optimal particle; and finally, judging whether the particle swarm algorithm is converged, if not, returning to the previous step, continuously updating the particle speed and the particle position, if so, indicating that the optimization of the controller parameters is completed, and successfully obtaining the optimal parameters of the controller at the additional position. The flow of the particle group control parameter optimization method is shown in fig. 3.
Step six: evaluation of subsynchronous oscillation control effects of controllers of additional position schemes
The method for evaluating the subsynchronous oscillation control effect of each additional position scheme mainly comprises the following steps of:
1) Determining an additional position scheme of sub-synchronous oscillation self-adaptive control based on the analysis method of the direct-drive wind power flexible direct-sending system in the S1;
2) Determining optimal control parameters at each additional position based on the parameter optimization method of S3;
3) Establishing n direct-drive wind power soft direct-sending system sub-synchronous oscillation complex working condition scenes;
4) For the subsynchronous oscillation controllers at the additional positions, subsynchronous oscillation suppression verification under complex working condition scenes is respectively carried out, and a target function J of each additional position and each working condition scene is obtained l,s Subscripts l and s denote an additional position and a working condition scene number, respectively;
5) The subsynchronous oscillation control comprehensive evaluation index at each additional position is obtained and expressed as
Figure BDA0003885060390000161
6) And selecting the additional position with the minimum subsynchronous oscillation control comprehensive evaluation index as the selected position to realize subsynchronous oscillation suppression.
The selected adaptive control additional position is shown in fig. 4 through the evaluation of the subsynchronous oscillation control effect of the controller under the complex working condition. The additional position is located in a q-axis control loop of the soft-straight fan side delivery end converter station.
It should be further described that, in the specific implementation process, a grid-connected simulation of a 100MW direct-drive wind farm is established through a flexible direct-current system, and the oscillation suppression effect of the adaptive subsynchronous oscillation controller provided by the present invention is shown in fig. 5. The scene has v =7m/s in 4-6 s, P =0.1933p.u., v =8m/s in 6-8 s, P =0.2885p.u., v =10m/s in 8-10 s, P =0.5635p.u., v =11m/s in 10-12 s, and P =0.75p.u. It can be seen that if subsynchronous oscillation control is not performed, the active power waveform of the system starts to oscillate when the high wind speed and the high active power are switched for t =8s, and the oscillation is more severe under the working condition of 10-12 s. The self-adaptive control method does not generate subsynchronous oscillation phenomenon in the system under each working condition, and the effectiveness of the self-adaptive control method in inhibiting subsynchronous oscillation is shown. The variation value of the pseudo partial derivative in the subsynchronous oscillation control process of the invention is shown in fig. 6.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a computer apparatus, comprising: one or more processors, and memory for storing one or more computer programs; the program includes program instructions and the processor is configured to execute the program instructions stored by the memory. The Processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or may be other general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component, etc., which is a computing core and a control core of the terminal and is configured to implement one or more instructions, and in particular to load and execute one or more instructions in a computer storage medium to implement the method.
It should be further noted that, based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a computer storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and the computer program is executed by a processor to perform the above method. The storage medium may take any combination of one or more computer-readable media. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electrical, magnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the present invention, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, principal features, and advantages of the disclosure. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are presented solely for purposes of illustrating the principles of the disclosure, and that various changes and modifications may be made to the disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, which is intended to be covered by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A self-adaptive subsynchronous oscillation control method for a direct-drive wind power soft and direct delivery system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a direct-drive wind power soft and direct delivery system model for analyzing a control link strongly related to a subsynchronous oscillation mode and providing an additional position scheme for subsynchronous oscillation adaptive control;
designing an adaptive control method for inhibiting subsynchronous oscillation of a direct-drive wind power soft and direct delivery system;
respectively establishing optimization models of different adaptive control method parameters by adopting different additional position schemes, and determining the optimal control parameters of the control method under each additional position scheme through the optimization models of the different adaptive control method parameters;
and comparing the subsynchronous oscillation control effect of each additional position scheme by using the obtained optimal control parameters, establishing an evaluation index, determining the optimal additional position of the controller, and realizing subsynchronous oscillation suppression.
2. The adaptive sub-synchronous oscillation control method for the direct-drive wind power soft and direct output system according to claim 1, wherein the process of establishing the direct-drive wind power soft and direct output system model comprises the following steps:
the soft direct-sending system of direct-drive wind power comprises: the system comprises a permanent magnetic direct-drive wind power plant, an alternating current circuit, a flexible direct current transmission system and an infinite power supply; the permanent-magnet direct-drive wind power plant consists of a permanent-magnet direct-drive fan, a fan machine side converter, a direct-current link of a back-to-back converter and a fan grid side converter; the flexible direct current transmission system consists of a flexible direct current fan side converter station, a direct current transmission cable and a flexible direct current network side converter station;
the voltage equation, the flux linkage equation, the torque equation and the motion equation of the permanent magnetic direct drive fan are as follows:
Figure FDA0003885060380000011
Figure FDA0003885060380000021
T e =ψ f i qs (3)
Figure FDA0003885060380000022
wherein psi ds And psi qs Respectively represent stator dq axis flux linkage, u ds ,u qs ,i ds ,i qs The dq axis components, R, of the direct drive fan stator voltage and stator current, respectively s ,L s Respectively, the stator resistance and the stator inductance of the direct-drive fan, J represents the shaft of the direct-drive fanInertia of the system, D damping of the direct drive fan rotor, omega sr Is the per unit value of the angular velocity of the synchronous magnetic field and the rotational angular velocity of the rotor of the doubly-fed fan, T m ,T e Respectively the mechanical torque and the electromagnetic torque of the direct-drive fan;
the side converter of the fan adopts double closed-loop vector control of a zero d axis, an outer ring q axis controls the actual active power P of the direct-drive fan by PI, and an inner ring dq axis respectively controls i by PI ds ,i qs The following formula:
Figure FDA0003885060380000023
wherein,
Figure FDA0003885060380000024
respectively represent a variable i ds ,i qs The superscript denotes the reference value of the corresponding variable; k pa And K ia Respectively represent PI a The proportional and integral coefficients of the controllers, subscript a =1,2,3 … denotes the proportional and integral coefficients of the a-th PI controller; u. of d1 ,u q1 Respectively representing dq axis voltages of alternating current sides of the fan side converters;
the wind turbine grid-side converter adopts a control strategy of constant direct-current voltage and constant reactive power, and the outer ring dq axis controls direct-current link voltage and grid-side reactive power Q through PI g And the dq axis of the inner ring respectively controls the dq axis component i of the network side current by PI dg ,i qg The following formula:
Figure FDA0003885060380000031
wherein u is dc Is a back-to-back DC link voltage u d2 ,u q2 Respectively representing dq axis voltages of alternating current sides of the wind turbine grid-side converters; PI (proportional integral) 4 ~PI 7 The control method is used for controlling the wind turbine grid-side converter;
secondary constant alternating voltage control adopted by flexible direct-current fan side-sending end converter stationAccording to the control strategy, the outer ring dq axis controls the converter station AC side dq axis voltage u by PI wfd0 ,u wfq0 The internal ring dq axis respectively controls the current i of the dq axis at the AC side by PI wfd ,i wfq The following formula:
Figure FDA0003885060380000032
wherein u is wfd ,u wfq The dq axis voltages of the converter station alternating current measuring points are respectively represented; PI (proportional integral) 8 ~PI 11 The method is used for controlling the flexible-straight-fan side-feed converter station.
3. The method for controlling the subsynchronous oscillation of the adaptive direct-drive wind power flexible direct-output system according to claim 1, wherein an additional position scheme of the subsynchronous oscillation adaptive control is determined by key variables and main control parameters affecting the subsynchronous oscillation:
establishing a state space equation according to a direct-drive fan soft and direct delivery system model, analyzing key variables influencing subsynchronous oscillation of a direct-drive wind and soft and direct delivery system, and using an energy controllability index m of a formula (8) ci The advantages and disadvantages of the control additional position of the subsynchronous oscillation:
Figure FDA0003885060380000041
wherein i and k represent the number of the state variable and the number of the characteristic value, respectively, b i The representation corresponds to the control variable u in the control matrix i Column vector of (1), beta k Representing a left eigenvector corresponding to the kth eigenvalue;
an observable index m of formula (9) oi Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the subsynchronous oscillation control measurement position:
Figure FDA0003885060380000042
wherein j represents the number of the control variable, c j The representation corresponds to the output variable y in the output matrix j A row vector of k Representing a right eigenvector corresponding to the kth eigenvalue;
and obtaining control parameters which have large influence on the subsynchronous oscillation mode according to the characteristic value analysis and modeling simulation of the subsynchronous oscillation of the direct-drive wind power soft and direct sending-out system.
4. The adaptive sub-synchronous oscillation control method for the direct-drive wind-powered soft and direct delivery system according to claim 1, wherein the adaptive control method comprises the following steps:
setting input signals and output signals of an additional controller of the direct-drive wind power soft and direct sending system as y and u, wherein the input signals and the output signals of the controller in discrete time are y (k) and u (k) respectively;
based on an input signal and an output signal of a self-adaptive control method, dynamic linearization of a direct-drive wind power soft direct-sending system is realized, and the formula (10) is as follows:
y(k+1)=y(k)+Φ(k)Δu(k) (10)
Φ (k) represents the pseudo-partial derivative of the system, Δ u (k) = u (k) -u (k-1);
establishing a partial derivative estimation criterion function of input and output data of the subsynchronous oscillation controller, as shown in a formula (11),
Figure FDA0003885060380000051
μ is a penalty coefficient representing the variation of the pseudo-partial derivative,
Figure FDA0003885060380000052
an estimated value representing a pseudo partial derivative of the wind power delivery system;
and (3) solving the partial derivative of the formula (11) to obtain a pseudo partial derivative estimation formula of the direct-drive wind power soft direct-sending system, wherein the estimation formula is shown as a formula (12):
Figure FDA0003885060380000053
wherein Γ (k) = η/(Δ u (k) 2 +μ),
Figure FDA0003885060380000054
For the output estimation error, F = 1-gamma, eta is a step factor representing the pseudo partial derivative estimation algorithm, and gamma is the estimation error e 0 (k) An error gain;
the criteria function for the controller output established is as shown in equation (13):
Figure FDA0003885060380000055
the control law of the adaptive control method is shown as the formula (14):
Figure FDA0003885060380000056
where ρ is 0 ,ρ 1 A step factor for adjusting the control rate; λ represents the penalty factor for the system input signal.
5. The adaptive direct-drive wind power soft direct-output system subsynchronous oscillation control method according to claim 4, wherein the partial derivative estimation criterion function aims at minimizing dynamic linearized output and real output, and is added with a partial derivative variation with a penalty term.
6. The adaptive direct-drive wind power soft direct-output system subsynchronous oscillation control method according to claim 1, wherein the optimization model of the adaptive control method parameters comprises:
objective function
Taking the sum of the time accumulation of the outer ring dq axis error signal of the fan grid side converter and the square of the outer ring dq axis error signal of the flexible direct-transmission end converter station as a performance index, and establishing an objective function as shown in a formula (15):
Figure FDA0003885060380000061
Figure FDA0003885060380000062
wherein J is an optimization objective function, t is time, e wd (t),e wq (t),e vd (t),e vq (t) an error signal for d-axis outer ring direct-current voltage control of the fan grid-side converter, an error signal for q-axis outer ring reactive power control of the fan grid-side converter, an error signal for d-axis outer ring alternating-current voltage control of the flexible-direct-current-fan-side-sending-end converter station and an error signal for q-axis outer ring alternating-current voltage control of the flexible-direct-current-fan-side-sending-end converter station are respectively obtained;
optimizing parameters
The controller parameters to be optimized are: penalty coefficient mu of variation of pseudo-partial derivative, step factor rho for regulating control rate 0 And ρ 1 Integrating a penalty coefficient lambda of an input signal, a step factor eta of pseudo partial derivative estimation, and an estimation error gain gamma;
constraint conditions
According to the design principle of the adaptive control method of subsynchronous oscillation, the feasible range of the controller parameters has the following constraints, as shown in formula (16):
Figure FDA0003885060380000063
wherein,
Figure FDA0003885060380000071
as pseudo partial derivative estimates
Figure FDA0003885060380000072
The upper bound of (c).
7. The method for controlling the subsynchronous oscillation of the adaptive direct-drive wind power flexible direct-output system according to claim 6, wherein the model for optimizing the parameters of the adaptive control method adopts a particle swarm algorithm to optimize the parameters of the model, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, initializing a particle swarm and calculating the fitness of each particle; secondly, updating the speed and the position of the particle and recalculating the fitness to find a globally optimal particle; and finally, judging whether the particle swarm algorithm is converged, if not, returning to the previous step, continuously updating the particle speed and the particle position, if so, indicating that the optimization of the controller parameters is completed, and successfully obtaining the optimal parameters of the controller at the additional position.
8. The adaptive sub-synchronous oscillation control method for the direct-drive wind power soft direct-output system according to claim 1, wherein the sub-synchronous oscillation suppression is realized by the following steps:
determining an additional position scheme for subsynchronous oscillation adaptive control;
determining optimal control parameters at each additional position;
establishing a sub-synchronous oscillation complex working condition scene of n direct-drive wind power soft direct-sending systems;
for the subsynchronous oscillation controllers at the additional positions, subsynchronous oscillation suppression verification under complex working condition scenes is respectively carried out, and a target function J of each additional position and each working condition scene is obtained l,s Wherein, subscripts l and s respectively represent additional position and working condition scene numbers;
the subsynchronous oscillation control comprehensive evaluation index at each additional position is obtained and expressed as
Figure FDA0003885060380000073
And selecting the additional position with the minimum subsynchronous oscillation control comprehensive evaluation index as the selected position to realize subsynchronous oscillation suppression.
9. An apparatus, comprising:
one or more processors;
a memory for storing one or more programs;
when one or more of the programs are executed by one or more of the processors, the one or more of the processors realize the adaptive subsynchronous oscillation control method of the direct-drive wind power flexible direct-output system according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A storage medium containing computer executable instructions for performing an adaptive direct drive wind power soft direct egress system subsynchronous oscillation control method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 when executed by a computer processor.
CN202211244122.6A 2022-10-11 2022-10-11 Self-adaptive direct-drive wind power soft direct-sending system subsynchronous oscillation control method Pending CN115514004A (en)

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