CN115513938A - Grid-connected inverter transient stability optimization control system and method - Google Patents
Grid-connected inverter transient stability optimization control system and method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses a grid-connected inverter transient stability optimization control system and method, which are used for optimizing delta omega pll And u pccd As an input quantity of the instability prediction module, firstly, the method detects delta omega pll Judging whether the grid voltage drops or not by judging whether the grid voltage changes obviously or not, and if so, detecting the d-axis component u of the grid-connected point voltage pccd Judging whether the power grid voltage is in deep drop or not based on the value, and if the power grid voltage is in deep drop, setting NLV as 1; if the falling is not deep, continuously detecting delta omega pll And observe it at t 1 Increasing and decreasing in time, if the increase continues, WEN is set to 1, otherwise WEN and NLV are both set to 0. If WEN =1, Δ ω of the detection is continued pll Integral term theta pll At t 2 The increase and decrease in time means that NLV is set to 1 if the increase continues, or set to 0 if the increase does not continue. The invention relates to aOver-monitoring Δ ω pll And u pccd Whether the grid voltage drops and the dropping degree are judged, and the operation mode of the system is switched in time according to the change of the signal, so that the system is successfully transited to a new operation state in a transient state period, and the transient stability of the grid-connected inverter system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system, in particular to a grid-connected inverter transient stability optimization control system and method.
Background
With the development of new energy and other emerging industries, the capacity of distributed power generation is remarkably increased, and meanwhile, the grid-connected inverter is used as a key interface device between a distributed power generation system and a power grid, and shows more and more important research values. In order to realize synchronous and stable operation of a grid-connected inverter and a power grid, a phase-locked loop technology is generally adopted, however, the performance of the phase-locked loop is seriously influenced by the characteristics of a Point of Common Coupling (PCC), and when a system has large-load switching, grid connection and disconnection of other devices, grid faults and other large disturbance conditions, the PCC voltage is remarkably fluctuated, so that the phase-locked loop is easy to be unstable, and the transient instability of the system is caused. Therefore, the optimization of the transient stability of the grid-connected inverter draws extensive attention, and relevant researches are carried out by scholars at home and abroad.
The transient instability mechanism of the grid-connected inverter caused by the voltage drop of the power grid is analyzed by a phase diagram method, an equal area method and the like, and the existence of a stable balance point is a necessary condition for ensuring the transient stability of the system, and the existence of the balance point is related to factors such as the voltage of the power grid, the injection current, the impedance of the power grid and the like. In addition, even if the system has a stable equilibrium point, the system may still cross the unstable equilibrium point of the power angle curve when the system margin is low due to the influence of the phase-locked loop integral term. Therefore, there is a document that a phase-locked loop structure is improved to improve the damping ratio of a system, so as to increase the system margin to improve the transient stability of the system, but this method makes the system more complicated, and after the grid voltage drops, if the injected current remains unchanged, the stable balance point of the system is also fixed, and when the grid voltage drops deeply, the stable balance point is easily lost, so as to cause the transient instability of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to provide a grid-connected inverter transient stability optimization control system and a grid-connected inverter transient stability optimization control method.
The technical scheme is as follows: a transient stability optimization control system of a grid-connected inverter comprises an SRF phase-locked loop, a current controller, a instability prediction module and a parameter adjustment module, wherein the SRF phase-locked loop, the instability prediction module, the parameter adjustment module and the current controller are sequentially connected in series, and the SRF phase-locked loop is also directly connected to the current controller;
the input of the SRF phase-locked loop is a grid-connected point three-phase voltage u pcc_abc The output is a grid-connected point three-phase voltage u pcc_abc D-axis component u of pccd Three-phase voltage u of grid-connected point pcc_abc Output delta omega regulated by PI regulator in SRF phase-locked loop pll ；
The input of the instability prediction module is a d-axis component u pccd And an output quantity Δ ω pll Output as signal WEN and signal NLV;
the input of the parameter adjusting module is a signal WEN and a signal NLV, and the output is an adjusted d-axis current reference component i dref Q-axis current reference component i qref And integral coefficient k of PI regulator in SRF phase-locked loop i 。
A grid-connected inverter transient stability optimization control method comprises the following steps:
1) D-axis component u pccd And an output quantity Δ ω pll The input quantity of the instability prediction module is used for judging whether the grid-connected inverter system falls deeply;
2) Setting the values of the signal WEN and the signal NLV according to the judgment result;
3) Detecting d-axis component u pccd >0.9U s Whether or not it is true, U s If the grid voltage is not the grid voltage of the grid-connected inverter system, the WEN signal and the NLV signal are kept unchanged; if yes, the WEN signal and the NLV signal are both set to zero and steps 1) to 3) are repeated for re-detection.
Preferably, the implementation process in step 1) is as follows:
1.1 ) the instability prediction module outputs Δ ω pll Storing into array a [ x ]]Calculating the average value aa and the standard deviation sa of the array in real time, and if the average value aa and the standard deviation sa satisfy | Δ ω |, calculating the average value pll -aa|>3 sa, the output quantity Δ ω is considered pll When a gross error occurs, the grid-connected inverter system falls, and Drop is set to be 1; if not, drop is set to 0 and the judgment is repeated;
1.2 ) the instability prediction module based on the d-axis component u pccd Judgment u pccd <i dref X g +i qref R g Whether or not, wherein: x g Is an inductive component, R, of the grid impedance of the grid-connected inverter system g And judging whether the grid-connected inverter system is deeply dropped or not according to whether the grid-connected inverter system is established or not for the resistive component of the grid impedance of the grid-connected inverter system.
Preferably, the implementation process in step 2) is as follows:
2.1 If u in step 1.2) pccd <I dref X g +I qref R g If yes, the grid-connected inverter system is considered to be in deep drop, a signal NLV =1 is obtained, and then step 3) is carried out; if not, performing step 2.2);
2.2 With y output quantities Δ ω pll Recording a group of output quantity delta omega after the grid-connected inverter system falls into one group pll A, a second set of output quantities Δ ω after the set of data pll B, if b is less than or equal to a, the margin of the grid-connected inverter system is considered to be better, and a WEN =0 and a NLV =0 are made; if b is present>a, considering that the margin of the grid-connected inverter system is insufficient, enabling a signal WEN =1, and performing step 2.3);
2.3 ) detect output phase θ after signal WEN =1 pll Variation of (a), θ pll ＝Δω pll S is integral sign, and z output quantities are Δ ω pll Are grouped to give z θ pll For z number of theta pll The summation is denoted c, the second set of phases theta after this set of data pll The sum is recorded as d, if c is less than or equal to d, the signal NLV =0 is made; if c is>d, let signal NLV =1, then proceed to step 3).
Preferably, the parameter adjusting module rootAdjusting parameters according to the signal WEN and the signal NLV, if the signal WEN =0, then the integral coefficient k of the PI regulator in the SRF phase-locked loop i Keeping the original shape; if WEN =1, the integral coefficient k of the PI regulator in the SRF phase-locked loop is obtained i =0, reducing the SRF pll to a first order pll; if the signal NLV =0, the current injection mode is unchanged, i.e., the dq-axis current reference component i of the current controller is injected dref And i qref Keeping the same; if the signal NLV =1, the grid-connected inverter system is switched from the unit power operation mode to the reactive current injection mode, that is, the d-axis current reference component i of the current controller is injected dref =0, d-axis current reference component i injected into the current controller qref ＝1.0p.u.。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable effects that the invention controls the output quantity delta omega according to the control pll And u pccd The detection can simply and quickly judge whether the system has a falling phenomenon or not and whether the falling degree reaches deep falling or not, so that different control strategy switching modes are selected, the control structure is basically unchanged, the scheme is simpler, the grid-connected inverter system can be stably operated at a new balance point, and the transient stability of the grid-connected inverter system is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a grid-connected photovoltaic inverter of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an optimization scheme of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simulation waveform diagram before and after the grid voltage drops to 0.6p.u., and the grid-connected inverter system adopts a self-adaptive optimization scheme;
fig. 4 is a simulation waveform diagram before and after the grid voltage drops to 0.3p.u., and the grid-connected inverter system adopts a self-adaptive optimization scheme;
fig. 5 is a simulation waveform diagram before and after the grid voltage drops to 0.2p.u., and the grid-connected inverter system adopts a self-adaptive optimization scheme.
Fig. 6 is a simulation waveform diagram before and after the grid voltage drops to 0.1p.u., and the grid-connected inverter system adopts the adaptive optimization scheme.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter of the invention connected to a power grid, u s Is the grid voltage; u. of pcc_abc Is the point of common coupling grid voltage; i.e. i gabc Is the current of the network; theta.theta. PLL A phase angle is estimated for the phase locked loop. Wherein the phase locked loop will u pcc_abc Converting the three-phase stationary coordinate system into a two-phase rotating coordinate system to obtain u pccd And u pccq On the basis, u is controlled by a PI control link pccq The value of (c) is controlled to be zero to achieve synchronization of the network inlet current and the grid voltage of the point of common coupling.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an optimization scheme of the present invention, wherein the instability prediction module comprises the following steps:
a1 Set of x data to yield Δ ω @) pll The average value aa and the standard deviation sa of, wherein
If | Δ ω is satisfied pll -aa|>3 sa, then consider Δ ω pll The system falls when a gross error occurs, and Drop is set as 1; if not, drop is set to 0 and the above determination is repeated.
A2 Then judge u) pccd <I d X g +I q R g If the situation is true, determining that the system is in deep drop, NLV =1, and then performing step A5; if not, the following steps are performed.
A3 Continue to detect Δ ω) pll Using y data as a group to record the delta omega after the system falls pll If b is less than or equal to a, the system margin is considered to be better, the system margin can be stabilized at a new balance point under the action of self damping, no further action is needed, WEN =0, NLV =0; if b is present>and a, considering that the system margin is insufficient, letting WEN =1, and then performingThe following steps.
A4 Detect output phase θ after WEN = 1) pll Variation of (a), θ pll Is Δ ω pll Integral term of, theta pll ＝Δω pll S, using z data as a set to obtain θ pll The sum of the group of data is recorded as c, the sum of the next group of data is recorded as d, and if c is less than or equal to d, NLV =0 is made; if c is>d, let NLV =1, then proceed to the following steps.
A5 Detect u) pccd >0.9U s If not, WEN and NLV are kept unchanged; if true, WEN and NLV are both zeroed and retested.
And the parameter adjusting module adjusts parameters according to the input WEN and NLV signals. If WEN =0, k i The change is not changed; if WEN =1, then k is obtained i And =0, namely, the SRF-PLL is reduced to a first-order phase-locked loop by freezing the phase-locked loop integral controller, and the transient stability of the system is improved by improving the margin of the system. If NLV =0, the injection current is unchanged; if NLV =1, the system is switched from the unit power operation mode to the reactive current injection mode, in the power system, the line impedance is usually inductive, and the resistive component is small, so that the conversion into the reactive current injection is beneficial to the existence of the system stable balance point, the system margin can be further improved, and the transient stability of the system can be further improved.
Description of the effects of the invention:
fig. 3 is a simulation waveform diagram before and after the grid voltage drops to 0.6p.u., and the grid-connected inverter system adopts a self-adaptive optimization scheme. When the grid voltage falls to 0.6p.u in 0.25s, the instability prediction module judges that DROP is set to 1, and the instability prediction module monitors u pccd >I d X g +I q R g That is, a voltage drop occurs but not a deep drop, so neither WEN nor NLV has a jump, indicating that θ is not detected pll The method is further diverged because the system is stabilized at a new balance point under the action of self damping after the falling occurs, so that the parameter adjusting module has no action, a control strategy does not need to be switched, and the waveforms are consistent before and after the simulation before and after the improvement. At 0.4s, the grid voltage recovers, and the system detects u pccd >0.9U s After that, the initial state is restored. Theta after simulation run pll Is shown in fig. 3 (b), after a fall occurs, theta pll A process of "increasing-decreasing-stabilizing at a value greater than before the change-re-running at the initial value" is experienced, consistent with the instability prediction module determining.
Fig. 4 is a simulation waveform diagram before and after the grid voltage drops to 0.3p.u., and the grid-connected inverter system adopts the self-adaptive optimization scheme. When the grid voltage drops to 0.3p.u. at 0.25s, the system transient is unstable when the adaptive optimization scheme is not adopted, as shown in fig. 4 (a). After the self-adaptive optimization scheme is adopted, when the voltage of the power grid DROPs, the DROP (DROP-out Power) device is judged to be 1 by the instability prediction module, and the instability prediction module monitors u pccd >I d X g +I q R g I.e. a voltage dip occurs, but not a deep dip, but then Δ ω is detected pll At t 1 There is a rise in time, so WEN is set to 1, after which θ is not monitored pll Further diverging, there is NLV =0. Therefore, the parameter adjusting module of the system locks the phase-locked loop integration link only when WEN is set to be 1, and then the system is stabilized at a new balance point under the action of self damping, so that transient stability is guaranteed. At 0.4s, the grid voltage recovers and the system detects u pccd >0.9U s After that, NLV and WEN are both set to 0, and the pll returns to the initial state.
Fig. 5 is a simulation waveform diagram before and after the grid voltage drops to 0.2p.u., and the grid-connected inverter system adopts a self-adaptive optimization scheme. When the grid voltage drops to 0.2p.u. at 0.25s, the system transient is unstable when the adaptive optimization scheme is not adopted, as shown in fig. 5 (a). After the self-adaptive optimization scheme is adopted, when the voltage of the power grid DROPs, the instability prediction module judges that DROP is set to be 1, and monitors u pccd >I d X g +I q R g I.e. a voltage dip occurs, but not a deep dip. Subsequently, Δ ω is detected pll At t 1 WEN is set to 1 after the time rises, and then theta is monitored pll Further diverging, there is NLV =1. Therefore, the parameter adjusting module of the system locks the phase-locked loop integrating link when WEN is set to 1, and switches to no state when NLV is set to 1And the power current injection mode further improves the system margin and ensures the transient stability of the system. At 0.4s, the grid voltage recovers and the system detects u pccd >0.9U s And finally, NLV and WEN are both set to be 0, the phase-locked loop returns to the initial state, the current injection mode is switched to active current injection, and the system recovers stably again.
Fig. 6 is a simulation waveform diagram before and after the grid voltage drops to 0.1p.u., and the grid-connected inverter system adopts the adaptive optimization scheme. When the grid voltage drops to 0.1p.u at 0.25s, the system transient is unstable when the adaptive optimization scheme is not adopted, as shown in fig. 6 (a). After the self-adaptive optimization scheme is adopted, when the voltage of the power grid DROPs, the instability prediction module judges that DROP is set to be 1 and monitors u pccd <I d X g +I q R g Namely, a deep voltage drop occurs, NLV =1, the system is rapidly switched from a unit power operation mode to a reactive current injection mode through the parameter adjusting module, the system recovers stability after a certain transient process, and the transient stability of the system is improved. At 0.4s, the grid voltage recovers and the system detects u pccd >0.9U s And finally, NLV and WEN are both set to be 0, the current injection mode is switched to active current injection, and the system is recovered to be stable again.
The grid-connected inverter transient stability optimization control system and method provided by the invention can simply and rapidly detect delta omega pll And u pccd The transient stability of the system is improved by predicting the instability and performing self-adaptive adjustment through a parameter adjusting module.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The optimization control system for the transient stability of the grid-connected inverter is characterized by comprising an SRF phase-locked loop, a current controller, a instability prediction module and a parameter adjustment module, wherein the SRF phase-locked loop, the instability prediction module, the parameter adjustment module and the current controller are sequentially connected in series, and the SRF phase-locked loop is also directly connected to the current controller;
the input of the SRF phase-locked loop is a grid-connected point three-phase voltage u pcc_abc The output is a grid-connected point three-phase voltage u pcc_abc D-axis component u of pccd Three-phase voltage u of grid-connected point pcc_abc Output delta omega regulated by PI regulator in SRF phase-locked loop pll ；
The input of the instability prediction module is a d-axis component u pccd And an output quantity Δ ω pll Output as signal WEN and signal NLV;
the input of the parameter adjusting module is a signal WEN and a signal NLV, and the output is an adjusted d-axis current reference component i dref Q-axis current reference component i qref And integral coefficient k of PI regulator in SRF phase-locked loop i 。
2. A grid-connected inverter transient stability optimization control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) D-axis component u pccd And an output quantity Δ ω pll The input quantity of the instability prediction module is used for judging whether the grid-connected inverter system falls deeply;
2) Setting the values of the signal WEN and the signal NLV according to the judgment result;
3) Detecting d-axis component u pccd >0.9U s Whether or not it is established, U s If the grid voltage is not the grid voltage of the grid-connected inverter system, the WEN signal and the NLV are kept unchanged; if yes, the WEN signal and the NLV signal are both set to zero and steps 1) to 3) are repeated for re-detection.
3. The grid-connected inverter transient stability optimization control method according to claim 2, wherein the implementation process in the step 1) is as follows:
1.1 ) the instability prediction module outputs Δ ω pll Storing into an array a [ x ]]Calculating the average value aa and the standard deviation sa of the array in real time, and if the average value aa and the standard deviation sa satisfy | Δ ω |, calculating the average value pll -aa|>3 sa, then considered as inputThe amount of output Δ ω pll If a gross error occurs, the grid-connected inverter system falls off, and Drop is set as 1; if not, the Drop is set to 0 and the judgment is repeated;
1.2 ) the instability prediction module based on the d-axis component u pccd Judgment u pccd <i dref X g +i qref R g Whether or not, wherein: x g Is an inductive component, R, of the grid impedance of the grid-connected inverter system g And judging whether the grid-connected inverter system is deeply dropped or not according to whether the grid-connected inverter system is established or not for the resistive component of the grid impedance of the grid-connected inverter system.
4. The grid-connected inverter transient stability optimization control method according to claim 3, wherein the implementation process in the step 2) is as follows:
2.1 If u in step 1.2) pccd <I dref X g +I qref R g If yes, the grid-connected inverter system is considered to be in deep drop, a signal NLV =1 is obtained, and then step 3) is carried out; if not, performing step 2.2);
2.2 With y output quantities Δ ω pll Recording a group of output quantity delta omega after the grid-connected inverter system falls into one group pll A, a second set of output quantities Δ ω after the set of data pll B, if b is less than or equal to a, the grid-connected inverter system margin is considered to be better, and a signal WEN =0 and a signal NLV =0 are made; if b is present>a, considering that the margin of the grid-connected inverter system is insufficient, enabling a signal WEN =1, and performing step 2.3);
2.3 ) detect output phase θ after signal WEN =1 pll Variation of (a), theta pll ＝Δω pll S is integral sign, and z output quantities are Δ ω pll As a group, obtain z θ pll For z number of theta pll The summation is denoted c, the second set of phases theta after this set of data pll The sum is recorded as d, if c is less than or equal to d, the signal NLV =0 is made; if c is>d, let signal NLV =1, then go to step 3).
5. The grid-connected inverter according to claim 4, wherein the transient stability of the grid-connected inverter is excellentThe control method is characterized in that the parameter adjusting module adjusts parameters according to the signal WEN and the signal NLV, and if the signal WEN =0, the integral coefficient k of the PI regulator in the SRF phase-locked loop is adjusted i The change is not changed; if WEN =1, the integral coefficient k of the PI regulator in the SRF phase-locked loop is obtained i =0, reducing the SRF phase-locked loop to a first-order phase-locked loop; if the signal NLV =0, the current injection mode is unchanged, i.e. the dq-axis current reference component i of the current controller is injected dref And i qref Keeping the same; if the signal NLV =1, the grid-connected inverter system is switched from the unit power operation mode to the reactive current injection mode, that is, the d-axis current reference component i of the current controller is injected dref =0, d-axis current reference component i of injection current controller qref ＝1.0p.u.。
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| 桑顺;高宁;蔡旭;李睿;: "功率电压控制型并网逆变器及其弱电网适应性研究", 中国电机工程学报, no. 08 * |
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